AnatomyPhenomena and Processes
Cochlear DuctOrgan of CortiEar, InnerStria VascularisCochleaEndolymphatic DuctHair Cells, AuditoryGene Expression Regulation, DevelopmentalBile DuctsPancreatic Ducts
CochleaAQUEDUCTVestibularLaboratory of Cochlear DevelopmentPerilymphImplantationEnds of semicircularBasilarVestibuleBonyInternal auditory canalEndolymphEndolymphatic ductAnatomyMembranousStria vascularisSacculeNeuronsTympaniImplantsSensoryTransverseNerveReceptorsHigh frequenciesOuter hair cellsEncloseMedialOticCanalsHead and neckFluidPosteriorMiddle earDevelopmentTitaniumHearing lossOrganSurgicalFindingsMouse
Cochlea24
  • The cochlear duct (a.k.a. the scala media) is an endolymph filled cavity inside the cochlea, located between the tympanic duct and the vestibular duct, separated by the basilar membrane and the vestibular membrane (Reissner's membrane) respectively. (wikipedia.org)
  • The cochlear duct is part of the cochlea. (wikipedia.org)
  • Drugs delivered directly to the tympanic duct will spread to all of the cochlea except for the cochlear duct. (wikipedia.org)
  • The cochlea consists of 3 fluid-filled ducts or scalae (see the image below). (medscape.com)
  • For many years, cochlear fluids were thought to be generated by filtration of blood or cerebrospinal fluid, which then flowed longitudinally down the length of the cochlea to be absorbed through the endolymphatic sac. (medscape.com)
  • The cochlea is a bony, spiral-shaped chamber that contains the cochlear duct of the membranous labyrinth. (medscape.com)
  • The vestibular wall separates the cochlear duct from the perilymphatic scala vestibuli, a cavity inside the cochlea. (medscape.com)
  • The cochlear duct (also known as the scala media) is an endolymph-filled cavity located between the scala vestibuli (upper) and the scala tympani (lower) in the cochlea which is part of the inner ear along with the vestibular apparatus 1 , 4 . (studybuff.com)
  • The scala tympani, also known as the tympanic duct, is the inferior most duct of the cochlea. (studybuff.com)
  • This validated atlas comprises the three semicircular canals, their ampullae, the otolith organs (saccule and utricle), and the cochlea (with scala tympani, scala vestibuli, cochlear cupula and cochlear duct), as well as their inner and outer dimensions. (uni-muenchen.de)
  • It is secreted by the secretory cells of the stria vascularis of the cochlea and by the dark cells (present in the utricle and near the ampullated ends of semicircular ducts). (medicoapps.org)
  • In order to better understand the cochlear mechano-transduction, we develop a multi-scale computational model that incorporates the kinetics of the mechano-transduction channels, the mechanics of the hair-bundle, the electrical circuit of hair cells including their motility, the fluid mechanics of IHC, the electro-mechanics of the organ of Corti and the entire cochlea. (rochester.edu)
  • Imaging of the cochlea and internal auditory canals are increasingly important nowadays because of the growing number of cochlear implants being performed throughout the world. (hindawi.com)
  • Imaging of the cochlea and internal auditory canal (IAC) is essential for a cochlear implant candidate in order to establish cochlear duct permeability and the presence of cochlear nerve in the IAC as well as for choosing the side to be implanted [ 3 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • The purpose of this paper is to present a case of a 4-year-old boy congenitally deaf who was found to have bilateral agenesis of the cochlea nerve during preoperative workup for cochlear implantation. (hindawi.com)
  • hearing - cochlea shows nearly 2.5 turns, otic capsule cartilage separated from the semicircular ducts by a pre cartilaginous zone. (edu.au)
  • The membranous portion of the cochlea (cochlear duct) follows the spirals of the bony cochlea and terminates deep to the cochlear cupula. (drtbalu.co)
  • Above all else, the purpose of a cochlear implant is to create the most useful interface between the electrode array and the neural structures of cochlea. (medel.pro)
  • The portion of the membranous labyrinth housed within the cochlea is the cochlear duct, containing the receptor for sound, the organ of Corti. (digitalhistology.org)
  • In this study, the suppressive effect of salicylate on cochlear amplification via block of the outer hair cell (OHC) somatic motility was utilized to assess salicylate diffusion along an intact guinea pig cochlea in vivo. (brighton.ac.uk)
  • Resultant concentrations of salicylate along the cochlea were calculated by fitting the experimental data using a mathematical model of the diffusion and clearing of salicylate in a tube of variable diameter combined with a model describing salicylate action on cochlear amplification. (brighton.ac.uk)
  • Model predictions for the geometry of the longer human cochlea show even higher differences in the steady-state concentrations of the drugs between cochlear base and apex. (brighton.ac.uk)
  • a Experimental approach to the middle-ear, basilar membrane, and underlying structures of the cochlear partition in the round window region of the gerbil cochlea. (nature.com)
  • The labyrinthine artery divides into: cochlear artery, for irrigation of the cochlea and vestibular arteries anterior and posterior semicircular canals to irrigate, utricle, saccule and part of the cochlea 8 . (bvsalud.org)
AQUEDUCT4
  • Infection of CNS spreads in inner ear through Cochlear aqueduct. (medicoapps.org)
  • The distal end of the cochlear canal drains its perilymph via the cochlear aqueduct and the cochlear canaliculus into the subarachnoid space just inferior to the internal acoustic meatus in the anterior segment of the jugular foramen. (drtbalu.co)
  • The osseus spiral lamina projects horizontally into the cochlear aqueduct. (drtbalu.co)
  • These manipulations can change the flow rate of perilymph and lead to intake of perilymph through the cochlear aqueduct, thereby disguising concentration gradients of the delivered substances. (brighton.ac.uk)
Vestibular7
  • It is separated from the vestibular duct (scala vestibuli) by the vestibular membrane (Reissner's membrane). (wikipedia.org)
  • During week 4 of embryonic development, the human inner ear develops from the auditory placode, a thickening of the ectoderm that gives rise to the bipolar neurons of the cochlear and vestibular ganglions. (medscape.com)
  • Este conducto rrelleno de ENDOLINFA comienza en el vestíbulo y realiza 2,5 vueltas alrededor de un centro de hueso esponjoso (el modiolo) dividiendo así el canal espiral óseo relleno de PERILINFA en dos canales, la RAMPA VESTIBULAR y la RAMPA TIMPÁNICA. (bvsalud.org)
  • The joint use of the computerized tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) supplies information on the internal auditory canal thickness, presence of the cochlear, vestibular, and facial nerves, and inner ear malformations [ 3 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Within the internal auditory canal, the vestibulocochlear nerve splits into three parts (cochlear, superior vestibular, and inferior vestibular). (hindawi.com)
  • The facial (white arrow), superior vestibular (black arrow), inferior vestibular (black arrowhead), and the cochlear nerves (white arrowhead) are depicted. (hindawi.com)
  • In this study we identify an insertional mutation in the mouse Sfswap gene, a putative splicing factor, that results in mice with vestibular and cochlear defects that are consistent with disrupted Notch signaling. (prelekara.sk)
Laboratory of Cochlear Development2
  • 1 Laboratory of Cochlear Development, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States. (nih.gov)
  • 1 Laboratory of Cochlear Development, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA [email protected]. (nih.gov)
Perilymph6
  • The round window consists of a thin, membranous partition that separates the perilymph of the cochlear chambers from the air-filled middle ear. (medscape.com)
  • A pair of perilymph-filled chambers is found on each side of the duct. (medscape.com)
  • endolymph The cochlear canals contain two types of fluid: perilymph and endolymph. (studybuff.com)
  • It is filled with perilymph and communicates directly with the subarachnoid space via the perilymphatic duct. (studybuff.com)
  • This ENDOLYMPH-filled cochlear duct begins at the vestibule and makes 2.5 turns around a core of spongy bone (the modiolus) thus dividing the PERILYMPH-filled spiral canal into two channels, the SCALA VESTIBULI and the SCALA TYMPANI. (bvsalud.org)
  • A pair of perilymph filled chambers are found on each side of cochlear duct (scala tympani and scala vestibuli). (drtbalu.co)
Implantation13
  • Cochlear implantation through the round window with a straight slotted electrode array: optimizing the surgical procedure. (nih.gov)
  • We report a case of a 4-year-old boy who was born deaf and was being evaluated in our service for possible cochlear implantation. (hindawi.com)
  • In some of these patients, cochlear implantation is a well-established and safe procedure. (hindawi.com)
  • Thereby, the preoperative determination of cochlear anatomy is important because cochlear implantation is contraindicated in patients with cochlear nerve aplasia, hypoplasia, or agenesis and inner ear malformations [ 2 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • A 4-year-old boy congenitally deaf came from another state for evaluation at the Division of Cochlear Implantation of Brasilia University Medical School Hospital. (hindawi.com)
  • Cochlear implantation has become a common method of rehabilitating severely to profoundly deaf children and adults. (medscape.com)
  • Standard cochlear implantation requires an extended postauricular and scalp incision and large flap, mastoidectomy , facial recess approach, cochleostomy, and insertion of an electrode into the scala tympani. (medscape.com)
  • The most common complications associated with the standard approach to cochlear implantation include flap breakdown and electrode misplacement. (medscape.com)
  • In recent years, the standard approach to cochlear implantation with a large incision has been challenged by successful implantation of cochlear implants in numerous patients with a much smaller incision and a less-invasive approach. (medscape.com)
  • Complication rate of minimally invasive cochlear implantation. (medscape.com)
  • Mann WJ, Gosepath J. Technical Note: minimal access surgery for cochlear implantation with MED-EL devices. (medscape.com)
  • Soft tissue complications after small incision pediatric cochlear implantation. (medscape.com)
  • Majdani O, Bartling SH, Leinung M, Stöver T, Lenarz M, Dullin C. A true minimally invasive approach for cochlear implantation: high accuracy in cranial base navigation through flat-panel-based volume computed tomography. (medscape.com)
Ends of semicircular1
  • Receptors located at the dilated ampullated ends of semicircular canal ducts contains receptors that are stimulated by head rotation. (drtbalu.co)
Basilar2
  • It is separated from the tympanic duct (scala tympani) by the basilar membrane. (wikipedia.org)
  • The basilar membrane separates the cochlear duct from the scala tympani, a cavity within the cochlear labyrinth. (medscape.com)
Vestibule2
  • Three transmission lines along three ducts (scala vestibule, media and tympani). (rochester.edu)
  • The endolymphatic duct begins as two ducts from the utricle and saccule in the vestibule and terminates in a sac-like ending between the meninges of the brain. (digitalhistology.org)
Bony7
  • The walls of the bony labyrinth consist of dense bone everywhere except at 2 small areas near the base of the cochlear spiral. (medscape.com)
  • Thus, the cochlear duct completely follows the anatomy of the bony labyrinth. (studybuff.com)
  • These bony canals are three in number (superior, lateral and posterior) enclose semicircular canal ducts. (drtbalu.co)
  • The membranous portion i.e semicircular ducts occupy the semicircular canals are smaller than the bony canals. (drtbalu.co)
  • This is a bony, and spiral shaped chamber containing the cochlear duct of the membranous labyrinth. (drtbalu.co)
  • A thin bony ledge known as the spiral lamina projects from the modiolus into the cochlear canal. (drtbalu.co)
  • The cochlear duct is thinner than the bony cochlear canal, and it divides the cochlear canal into two parts i.e. stacla tympani which is found on the basal part and the scala vestibuli which is located on the apical region. (drtbalu.co)
Internal auditory canal1
  • Cavities can sometimes realize communication between the Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) at the Internal Auditory Canal (IAC) and the cochlear duct. (peertechzpublications.com)
Endolymph3
  • Beginning in the fifth week of development, the auditory vesicle also gives rise to the cochlear duct, which contains the spiral organ of Corti and the endolymph that accumulates in the membranous labyrinth. (medscape.com)
  • The lateral wall of the cochlear duct is formed by the spiral ligament and the stria vascularis, which produces the endolymph. (medscape.com)
  • Cells lining the duct presumably absorb endolymph and dispose of cellular debris that may be present in endolymph. (digitalhistology.org)
Endolymphatic duct3
Anatomy2
  • What is cochlear anatomy? (studybuff.com)
  • In vivo imaging and anatomy of the gerbil cochlear partition. (nature.com)
Membranous3
  • The three ampullated ends and two non ampullated ends of the membranous semicircular ducts open into the utricle. (drtbalu.co)
  • The portion of the membranous labyrinth housed within each semicircular canal is the semicircular duct, containing a crista ampullaris, the receptor for angular acceleration. (digitalhistology.org)
  • It lies within the petrous portion of the temporal bone and consists of bags and ducts of the membranous labyrinth. (bvsalud.org)
Stria vascularis1
Saccule1
  • The utricular division of the auditory vesicle also responds to angular acceleration, as well as the endolymphatic sac and duct that connect the saccule and utricle. (medscape.com)
Neurons1
  • As people age, structural and neural degeneration occurs throughout the auditory system due to a loss of sensory cells and cochlear neurons, reduction in the number of synaptic contacts, changes in the conduction of the cochlear duct, changes in excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitter systems, etc [ 2 , 3 , 4 ]. (ejao.org)
Tympani1
  • Cochlear Duct The presence of the duct creates two canals above and below it the scala vestibuli and scala tympani respectively. (studybuff.com)
Implants2
  • Campisi P, Hayward L, Papsin B. Mitek QuickAnchor fixation of cochlear implants using a minimal access technique. (medscape.com)
  • With advanced technologies such as cochlear implants and specialized medical procedures such as airway reconstruction, Brenner Children's offers a comprehensive range of services to help diagnose and treat various childhood diseases. (familyent.net.au)
Sensory3
  • The medial aspect of each ampullated end of the SCC ducts has a transverse crest which houses a specialized sensory neuroepithelium which is sensitive to angular acceleration of the head. (drtbalu.co)
  • The common pathology of acquired hearing loss is loss of cochlear sensory hair cells with outer hair cells (OHCs) being more sensitive than inner hair cells (IHCs). (technologypublisher.com)
  • Since cochlear sensory hair cells in mammals do not regenerate, the loss is irreversible and causes permanent hearing loss. (technologypublisher.com)
Transverse1
  • Transverse section of the cochlear duct of a fetal cat. (wikipedia.org)
Nerve7
  • Anniko M, Arnesen AR (1988) Cochlear nerve topography and fiber spectrum in the pigmented mouse. (springer.com)
  • Arnesen AR, Osen KK (1978) The cochlear nerve in the cat: topography, tonotopy and fiber spectrum. (springer.com)
  • For this, the presence of the spiral ganglion cells and the cochlear nerve (CN) is required for the signal transmission from a cochlear implant to the brain. (hindawi.com)
  • b) Right Ear agenesis of the cochlear nerve. (hindawi.com)
  • c) Left Ear agenesis of the cochlear nerve. (hindawi.com)
  • The cochlear nerve is absent in the anterior inferior quadrant (white arrowhead). (hindawi.com)
  • A benign tumor growing on the vestibulo-cochlear nerve. (vestibular.org)
Receptors2
  • The sense of hearing is provided by receptors within the cochlear duct. (medscape.com)
  • The sense of hearing is perceived by receptors within the cochlear duct. (drtbalu.co)
High frequencies1
  • Each location along the length of the spiraling cochlear partition is tuned, in a level-dependent manner, to its own characteristic range of frequencies: high frequencies stimulate the cochlear base, and low frequencies, the apex 1 . (nature.com)
Outer hair cells2
  • Arima T, Kuraoka A, Toriyama R, Shibata Y, Uemura T (1991) Quick-freeze, deep-etch visualisation of the "cytoskeletal spring" of cochlear outer hair cells. (springer.com)
  • We hypothesize that structural coupling between the Deiters' and outer hair cells funnels sound-evoked motion into the hotspot region, under the control of the outer hair cells, to optimize cochlear tuning and compression. (nature.com)
Enclose1
  • The semicircular canals enclose the slender semicircular ducts. (medscape.com)
Medial1
  • The hair cells develop from the lateral and medial ridges of the cochlear duct, which together with the tectorial membrane make up the spiral organ of Corti. (medscape.com)
Otic1
  • The cochlear duct develops from the ventral otic vesicle (otocyst). (wikipedia.org)
Canals2
  • What are the two canals in the cochlear duct? (studybuff.com)
  • The diagnosis was bilateral agenesis of the cochlear nerves and semicircular canals. (hindawi.com)
Head and neck1
  • ENT Surgeons diagnose and treat various conditions, including ear infections, vocal cord paralysis, nasal polyps, head and neck surgery, thyroglossal duct cysts, obstructive sleep apnea, disordered breathing and sore throats. (familyent.net.au)
Fluid2
  • A computer simulaion of cochlear fluid mechanics. (rochester.edu)
  • As the oval window (the upper red circle in the left) vibrates the cochlear fluid is pressurized. (rochester.edu)
Posterior1
  • 4. Risk of damage to the endolymphatic sac and duct during removal of the posterior meatal wall: an anatomic study. (nih.gov)
Middle ear1
  • Labadie RF, Chodhury P, Cetinkaya E, Balachandran R, Haynes DS, Fenlon MR. Minimally invasive, image-guided, facial-recess approach to the middle ear: demonstration of the concept of percutaneous cochlear access in vitro. (medscape.com)
Development2
  • Okano, T. and Kelley, M.W. (2013) Expression of insulin-like growth factor binding proteins during mouse cochlear development . (nih.gov)
  • 2. MurataJ, TokunagaA, OkanoH, KuboT (2006) Mapping of notch activation during cochlear development in mice: implications for determination of prosensory domain and cell fate diversification. (prelekara.sk)
Titanium2
  • Cochlear implant fixation using polypropylene mesh and titanium screws. (medscape.com)
  • With a symmetrical electrode lead design, SYNCHRONY 2 delivers intuitive surgical handling with the smallest titanium cochlear implant. (medel.pro)
Hearing loss3
  • Sensorineural hearing loss may result because of involvement of the cochlear duct. (integratedent.com)
  • In this report, we discuss the case of a female patient affected by cavitating otosclerosis realizing a connection between IAC and cochlear duct, with mixed hearing loss. (peertechzpublications.com)
  • They also perform cochlear implant surgeries for those with hearing loss. (familyent.net.au)
Organ4
Surgical1
  • Mack KF, Heermann R, Issing PR, Lenarz T, Schwab B. Four years' experience with the minimally invasive surgical approach in cochlear implant surgery. (medscape.com)
Findings1
  • Our findings confirm conclusions that achieving therapeutic drug concentrations throughout the entire cochlear duct is hardly possible when the drugs are applied to the RW and are distributed via passive diffusion. (brighton.ac.uk)
Mouse1
  • We used both morphological assessments of cellular rearrangements and time-lapse imaging to visualize cochlear remodeling in mouse. (nih.gov)