• We addressed the function of BK Ca by recording sound-induced responses of afferent auditory nerve (AN) fibers from mice with a targeted deletion of the pore-forming α-subunit of BK Ca ( BKα −/− ) and comparing these with voltage responses of current-clamped IHCs. (jneurosci.org)
  • The facial nerve (cranial nerve VII) carries motor, secretory, and afferent fibers from the anterior two thirds of the tongue. (medscape.com)
  • Afferent fibers from the anterior two thirds of the tongue enter the geniculate ganglion with the chorda tympani, as the greater and lesser petrosal nerve emerge from the superior part. (medscape.com)
  • The ABVN is a fiber bundle containing sensory fibers only, those branches from the vagal nerve and runs through the ear canal towards the brainstem. (tinnitusjournal.com)
  • Nerve, consisting of two sets of fibers: the anterior branch or cochlear nerve and the posterior branch or vestibular nerve. (asastandards.org)
  • Background Early sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) is typically attributed to cochlear outer hair cell (OHC) dysfunction, but other deficits including afferent nerve fiber (ANF) degeneration could be present. (computationalaudiology.com)
  • Studies have reported a correlation between noise-induced TTS & structural changes in the organ of Corti such as disarray of stereocilia, swelling of afferent nerve fibers & distortion of supporting-cell bodies. (cdc.gov)
  • When the hair cells from the slide tectorial membrane, they depolarize and release neurotransmitters [ 41 ] which will stimulate the basilar membrane which follow until the columella, where they form the cell body spiral ganglion nerve fibers. (neuromatiq.com)
  • Since the latter will gather axonal fibers forming the cochlear nerve in the center of the cochlea. (neuromatiq.com)
  • At the region of preferential vibration, hair cells in the outer slide of the tectorial membrane [ 5 ], they depolarize and send nerve signals via afferent nerve fibers to the brain stem. (neuromatiq.com)
  • Sympathetic ganglia comprises the thousands of afferent and efferent nerve cell bodies that run along either side of the spinal cord, connecting major organ systems, such as the renal system, to the spinal cord and brain. (nih.gov)
  • CRANIAL NERVE 9 (GLOSSOPHARYNGEAL) AND CRANIAL NERVE 10 (VAGUS) CNs 9 and 10 work together to supply the musculature of the pharynx (mostly supplied by CN 10) and transmit visceral afferent information from vascular baroreceptors, and each nerve also has additional individual functions listed below. (greatgreenwedding.com)
  • The glossopharyngeal nerve receives input from the general and special sensory fibers in the back of the throat. (greatgreenwedding.com)
  • The eighth cranial nerve (CN VIII) or vestibulocochlear nerve is composed of 2 different sets of fibers: (1) the cochlear nerve and (2) the vestibular nerve. (medscape.com)
  • The peripheral segments of the cochlear and vestibular nerves join at the lateral part of the internal auditory canal (IAC) to form the vestibulocochlear nerve. (medscape.com)
  • The fibers of the cochlear nerve originate from an aggregation of nerve cell bodies in the spiral ganglion, located in the modiolus of the cochlea. (medscape.com)
  • The longer central fibers, also called the primary auditory fibers, form the cochlear nerve, and the shorter, peripheral fibers extend to the bases of the inner and outer hair cells. (medscape.com)
  • The longer central processes of the bipolar cochlear neurons unite to form the cochlear nerve trunk. (medscape.com)
  • The division of cranial nerve (CN) VIII into the cochlear and vestibular branches may occur in the medial segment of the IAC or in the subarachnoid space. (medscape.com)
  • Moreover, the general somatic afferent column (GSA) of the trigeminal nerve and the pontine nuclei are formed from spinal nerve nuclei and the trigeminal nerve nuclei (1). (human-memory.net)
  • Histological Structure of Cerebral Cortex n n n Layer I: few nerve cells, many processes and synaptic interactions Layer II: many small neuron, which establish intercortical connections Layer III: medium sized neurons giving rise to association & commissural fibers Layer IV: site of termination of afferent fibers from the specific thalamic nuclei Layer V: origin of projection fibers to extracortical targets. (slidetodoc.com)
  • 8. Kuntz, A.: Nerve Fibers of Spinal and Vagus Origin Associated with the Cephalic Sympathetic Nerves , Ann. (deepdyve.com)
  • These changes in micromechanics include depolymerization of actin filaments in stereocilia (in TTS), edema and swelling of stria vascularis, afferent nerve endings and supporting cells inside the cochlea. (drsanu.com)
  • When the noise exposure is so severe, a discrete but direct mechanical disruption results in a toxic mixing of endolymph and perilymph through microbreaks in the structural framework of the cochlear duct which leads to loss of hair cells and their corresponding nerve fibers. (drsanu.com)
  • Death of the sensory cell can lead to progressive Wallerian degeneration and loss of primary auditory nerve fibers. (drsanu.com)
  • According to ElectroCore, "gammaCore relies on the activation of afferent A-fibers in the vagus nerve which is not implicated in negative cardiac or respiratory effects. (implantable-device.com)
  • A bundle of NERVE FIBERS connecting each posterior horn of the spinal cord to the opposite side of the THALAMUS, carrying information about pain, temperature, and touch. (lookformedical.com)
  • It is one of two major routes by which afferent spinal NERVE FIBERS carrying sensations of somaesthesis are transmitted to the THALAMUS. (lookformedical.com)
  • Schäfers M , Geis C, Svensson CI, Luo ZD, Sommer C (2003a) Selective increase of tumour necrosis factor-alpha in injured and spared myelinated primary afferents after chronic constrictive injury of rat sciatic nerve. (neuro-paderborn.de)
  • Corticobulbar fibers from the precentral gyrus (frontal lobe) project to the facial nucleus, with most crossing to the contralateral side. (medscape.com)
  • As a result, crossed and uncrossed fibers are found in the nucleus. (medscape.com)
  • General visceral afferent: General sensations from viscera, sense of stretch, compression or distension and pain sensation due to lack of oxygen following ischemia, primarily reach the autonomic center of brain (dorsal nucleus of vagus) and spinal cord (T1 - L2 and S2 - S4 segments). (kypho.com)
  • Visual afferent: Afferent fibers from visual pathway pass from opticchiasma to supraoptic nucleus of hypothalamus via retinohypothalamic tract. (kypho.com)
  • Efferent to thalamus (mammillothalamic tract): These fibers pass from hypothalamic nucleus of mammillary region to anterior nucleus of thalamus. (kypho.com)
  • Proprioceptive afferents from facial muscles and the masseter also ascend to terminate in the mesencephalic nucleus. (mhmedical.com)
  • This pathway, which contains both facilitatory and inhibitory fibers, together with its adjacent nucleus, extends from the junction of the pons and medulla to the uppermost segments (C2 or C3) of the spinal cord (as evidenced by the relief of facial pain after medullary trigeminal tractotomy). (mhmedical.com)
  • Hearing depends on the mechano-sensory hair cells (HCs) and their innervating neurons, the spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs), which are responsible for transmitting auditory information from the HCs in the organ of Corti to the cochlear nucleus in the brainstem. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Using exogenous stem cells to replace lost inner ear neurons is a potential strategy if stem cell-derived neurons can form central and peripheral connections, form synapses on hair cells and cochlear nucleus neurons, and re-establish functional and tonotopic circuits [ 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The special visceral afferent (SVA), solitary nucleus, cochlear and the vestibular nuclei are formed from the sensory neuroblasts which are developed by the alar plate. (human-memory.net)
  • This creates the general somatic efferent fibers (GSE), the special visceral efferent (SVE) which includes the superior salivatory nucleus, the fascial and motor trigeminal nuclei. (human-memory.net)
  • Frontal Lobe Primary motor cortex n n Located in precentral gyrus (Brodmann area 4) Controls voluntary, skilled movements (fractionated movements) Afferents: from ventral lateral (VL) nucleus of thalamus Efferents: Corticospinal (30%) and corticobulbar fibers. (slidetodoc.com)
  • This is the termination of the afferent auditory pathway after having received fibers from the medial geniculate nucleus. (radiopaedia.org)
  • Specifically, studies have not revealed the role played by heterogeneity in the resting discharge variability of otolith afferents in the coding strategies employed by these neurons. (elifesciences.org)
  • efferent fibers transmit signals from the central nervous system to the inner ear . (asastandards.org)
  • Special visceral afferent: These are the afferent fibers from the gustatory pathway. (kypho.com)
  • Olfactory afferent: Fibers from olfactory pathway pass to hypothalamus as medial forebrain bundle. (kypho.com)
  • But it has been proved experimentally that sound stimulating cochlear pathway stimulates activity of hypothalamus. (kypho.com)
  • Illustration of the afferent auditory reflex pathway. (medscape.com)
  • Recent evidence supports the general view that the functioning of both the vestibular and cochlear components of the inner ear, and their interconnections with the brain, mediate the type of symptoms that Pierpont and others have described. (hearinghealthmatters.org)
  • The vestibular and cochlear (acoustic) ganglia neuroblasts are derived almost exclusively from the otocyst epithelium, in contrast to other cranial sensory ganglia in which both ganglionic and neural crest placodes make extensive contributions to the neuroblast populations. (medscape.com)
  • The inside of the cochlea is divided in the axis has a length of three cavities: the vestibular ramp up, down the scala tympani, and the cochlear duct between. (neuromatiq.com)
  • The cochlear duct contains endolymph, it also contains the organ of Corti [ 41 , 57 ] that is responsible for converting the vibrations into an electrical signal structure. (neuromatiq.com)
  • The cochlear duct is separated from the scala tympani by the basilar membrane and the vestibular ramp Reissner's membrane. (neuromatiq.com)
  • Descending efferent (to autonomic centers of brainstem and spinal cord): These fibers descend via brainstem reticular formation. (kypho.com)
  • The fibers that mediate pain and temperature sensation do not end in these nuclei but form long descending branches of the spinal trigeminal tract. (mhmedical.com)
  • The autonomic fibers come in part from the superior cervical ganglion through the internal carotid plexus. (deepdyve.com)
  • The sympathetic fibers from the superior cervical ganglion are chiefly vasoconstrictors, but they also include vasodilators, according to Dastre and Morat.1 The preganglionic fibers arise in the lower cervical and the upper thoracic portion of the cord, reaching the ganglion through the cervical sympathetic trunk. (deepdyve.com)
  • Vasodilator and secretory fibers from the sphenopalatine ganglion to References 1. (deepdyve.com)
  • These are the cranial autonomic, or parasympathetic, fibers. (deepdyve.com)
  • The afferent inputs to somatic and visceral reflexes are essentially the same, whereas the efferent branches are different. (usk.ac.id)
  • But finally afferent fiber from these centers ascend through reticular formation to reach hypothalamus which is considered as headganglion of autonomic nervous system. (kypho.com)
  • These nerves may be divided for our present purpose into two main groups-afferent and autonomic. (deepdyve.com)
  • These are the thoracolumbar autonomic, or sympathetic, fibers. (deepdyve.com)
  • The connection between autonomic fibers and target effectors is not the same as the typical synapse, such as the neuromuscular junction. (usk.ac.id)
  • A systematic approach was developed which mapped the cochlear implant journey along a timeline that considers all events in an individual's hearing history. (bvsalud.org)
  • The cochlear amplifier is a positive feedback mechanism within the cochlea that provides acute sensitivity in the mammalian auditory system. (wikipedia.org)
  • BK Ca -mediated currents in IHCs were selectively abolished in BKα −/− , whereas cochlear physiology was essentially normal with respect to cochlear sensitivity and frequency tuning. (jneurosci.org)
  • Conclusion FS loss is expected to occur in SNHL subjects with OHC dysfunction as both cochlear FS and hearing sensitivity are dependent on the OHC micromechanical activity. (computationalaudiology.com)
  • Using computational methods, we further demonstrated that coupled increases in intrinsic variability and sensitivity accounted for the observed functional differences between afferent classes. (elifesciences.org)
  • Descending cortical afferent: These are corticohypothalamic fibers descending from frontal lobe of cerebral cortex directly to hypothalamus. (kypho.com)
  • Somatic afferent: Exteroceptive sensations, e.g. touch/pressure and pain/temperature sensations are carried via ventral and lateral spinothalamic tracts respectively. (kypho.com)
  • These fibers, on entering the lateral mid pons, divide into short ascending and long descending branches. (mhmedical.com)
  • If successful, it could eliminate some of the need for hearing aids and cochlear implants, or at least as we know these devices today. (hearingreview.com)
  • But, depending on the severity of the damage, sensorineural hearing loss has been successfully treated with hearing aids or cochlear implants. (greatgreenwedding.com)
  • These currents may be involved in shaping the receptor potential, implying crucial importance for the properties of afferent auditory signals. (jneurosci.org)
  • The Cochlear Neurotransmission Group studies the generation and propagation of neural signals in the inner ear. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
  • Afferent from amygdaloid body: These are the fibers of stria terminalis which extend from amygdaloid body around the curve of thalamus to reach hypothalamus. (kypho.com)
  • Afferent from thalamus: These are fibers reaching hypothalamus from dorsomedial, anterior and midline nuclei of thalamus. (kypho.com)
  • The main component of the cochlear amplifier is the outer hair cell (OHC) which increases the amplitude and frequency selectivity of sound vibrations using electromechanical feedback. (wikipedia.org)
  • Outer hair cells of the cochlear are more susceptible to noise exposure than inner hair cells. (drsanu.com)
  • Other less explained, but identified metabolic cochlear mechanisms of NIHL includes outer hair cell plasma membrane fluidity , role of glucocorticoid receptors and oxidative stress . (drsanu.com)
  • The difference between the basilar and ventral medulla is that basilar contains more transverse pontine fibers that form the middle cerebellar peduncle. (human-memory.net)
  • Intratemporally, the facial and vestibular cochlear nerves split, entering the fallopian canal of the temporal bone. (medscape.com)
  • However, how the otolith afferents respond to the naturalistic self-motion stimuli experienced during everyday activities remains unknown. (elifesciences.org)
  • In 2010 Cochlear initiated a coordinated preclinical research program to identify the factors and underlying mechanisms of acoustic hearing loss following cochlear implantation and device use. (bvsalud.org)
  • A cochlear inflammatory response is initiated in response to acoustic trauma and involves the recruitment of circulating leukocytes to the inner ear. (drsanu.com)
  • Afferent from midbrain: These are the fibers from tegmentum of midbrain. (kypho.com)
  • Readers familiar with the anatomy of the ear know that approximately 95% of the fibers innervating the IHCs lead to the brain as afferent fibers, while only about 5% of the fibers innervating the OHCs are afferent fibers. (hearinghealthmatters.org)
  • It is also observed that stimulation of cochlea with sound of moderate intensity increases the cochlear blood flow and sound of high intensity decreases cochlear blood flow . (drsanu.com)
  • These primary auditory fibers exit the modiolus through the internal meatus and enter the medulla oblongata. (medscape.com)
  • Sensory translation through primary afferents projecting to the cerebellum-like electrosensory lobe (ELL) was not changed. (uni-bielefeld.de)
  • They are bipolar cells, because they have 2 sets of processes, or fibers, that extend from opposite ends of the cell bodies. (medscape.com)
  • To date it remains unclear how exactly the hair cell receptor potential is converted into an afferent firing pattern at this unusual synapse. (jneurosci.org)