AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPsychiatry and PsychologyPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and OccupationsHealth Care
CochleaSciatic NerveHair Cells, AuditoryOrgan of CortiPeripheral NervesSpiral GanglionNerve FibersOptic NerveCochlear NerveCochlear DiseasesHair Cells, Auditory, InnerHair Cells, Auditory, OuterSpiral Ligament of CochleaNerve RegenerationHearingEar, InnerEvoked Potentials, Auditory, Brain StemLabyrinth Supporting CellsFacial NerveStria VascularisNerve BlockNerve EndingsSural NerveMedian NerveRound Window, EarNerve CrushPeripheral Nerve InjuriesTibial NerveUlnar NerveCochlear Microphonic PotentialsDeafnessPerilymphEndolymphOtoacoustic Emissions, SpontaneousStapesTectorial MembraneScala TympaniHearing LossFemoral NerveHearing Loss, Noise-InducedSpinal NervesAuditory ThresholdTemporal BoneCochlear DuctNerve Growth FactorsChinchillaNerve Growth FactorTrigeminal NerveGuinea PigsPhrenic NerveAcoustic StimulationRadial NerveHearing Loss, SensorineuralCranial NervesSpinal Nerve RootsGerbillinaeNerve Compression SyndromesOphthalmic NerveNerve TissueMandibular NerveCochlear ImplantationElectric StimulationNoiseSplanchnic NervesTympanic MembraneCochlear ImplantsGlossopharyngeal NerveEar, MiddleVestibulocochlear NerveAuditory PathwaysEar CanalNeural ConductionVestibular NerveOptic Nerve InjuriesOptic Nerve DiseasesNerve DegenerationPresbycusisVestibulocochlear Nerve DiseasesThoracic NervesNerve Fibers, MyelinatedCochlear NucleusLabyrinthine FluidsAccessory NerveVestibule, LabyrinthNeurons, AfferentNerve Tissue ProteinsEvoked Potentials, AuditoryFacial Nerve InjuriesAbducens NerveOculomotor NerveEfferent PathwaysSoundPetrous BoneNeurons, EfferentSympathetic Nervous SystemCranial Nerve NeoplasmsFacial Nerve DiseasesAxonsRecurrent Laryngeal NerveEndolymphatic Hydrops
FibersSemicircularVestibular nervesStimulateSynapsesImplantOrganSignalsSpiral ganglionKnown as the cochleaSuperior and inferiorModulate auditory nerve fiberSensorineuralLacked a cochlearGuinea pig cochleaAction potentialsElectrodesEighth craniNormal cochleaTravel along the auditoryVibrations into electricalCerebellopontine angleNeuronsFacial nerveHairPathwaysRole in auditoryInternal auditory canalEardrumAnatomicallyPreoperativeBasilar membraneSoundHearingBrainSpinal cordOuterTransmitsEfferentVestibulocochlearDeafnessVagusOptic nerveCranial
Fibers37
  • The eighth cranial nerve (CN VIII) or vestibulocochlear nerve is composed of 2 different sets of fibers: (1) the cochlear nerve and (2) the vestibular nerve. (medscape.com)
  • The fibers of the cochlear nerve originate from an aggregation of nerve cell bodies in the spiral ganglion, located in the modiolus of the cochlea. (medscape.com)
  • The longer central fibers, also called the primary auditory fibers, form the cochlear nerve, and the shorter, peripheral fibers extend to the bases of the inner and outer hair cells. (medscape.com)
  • Recording of afferent impulses from individual primary auditory nerve fibers. (nih.gov)
  • Physiology and Electrochemistry of Nerve Fibers. (nih.gov)
  • Demonstration of physical-chemical changes and analyses of rapid swelling in nerve fibers, cells and synapses associated with excitation processes. (nih.gov)
  • Tasaki, I. On the slow, small motor nerve fibers in the frog. (nih.gov)
  • Tasaki, I. and Mizutani, K. Comparative studies on the activities of the muscle evoked by two kinds of motor nerve fibers. (nih.gov)
  • As the hair cells move, they release chemical signals that stimulate nerve fibers near the cochlea. (sciencefriday.com)
  • The nerve fibers transmit the signals to the auditory nerve and on to the brain. (sciencefriday.com)
  • Vulnerable sensory cells and nerve fibers In the cochlea are slowly damaged and destroyed. (cdc.gov)
  • Neurons from the lateral olivocochlear (LOC) system project from the periolivary nuclei of the lateral superior olivary complexes and synapse onto type I auditory nerve fibers. (hearinghealthmatters.org)
  • Rasmussen (1946) was the first to anatomically describe the olivocochlear efferents and Galambos (1956) first demonstrated that electrical stimulation of olivocochlear fibers resulted in a reduction of auditory nerve compound action potentials. (hearinghealthmatters.org)
  • In the presence of masking noise, the dynamic range of auditory nerve fibers is reduced, as signal thresholds increase and saturation levels decrease due to synaptic depletion. (hearinghealthmatters.org)
  • Thus, the "unmasking" effect of the MOC reflex restores the dynamic range of auditory nerve fibers and aids in the detection of transient signals in noise such as tones and speech (Kawase et al. (hearinghealthmatters.org)
  • We show here that repulsive axonal guidance molecule a (RGMa) acts to prevent regrowth and synaptogenesis of peripheral auditory nerve fibers with inner hair cells. (nature.com)
  • 1. NT-3 replacement with brain-derived neurotrophic factor redirects vestibular nerve fibers to the cochlea. (nih.gov)
  • Cochlear hair cells convert sound signals into receptor potentials and subsequently, at their afferent synapses with auditory nerve fibers, into firing rates that are relayed to the central nervous system. (nih.gov)
  • The activity pattern of auditory nerve fibers is quite diverse, firing rates at rest can vary from less than 1 AP per s to 150 APs per s, and in response to sound, fibers activate with different thresholds and show diverse rate level functions. (nih.gov)
  • Auditory nerve fibers with different response patterns can contact the same inner hair cell in the cochlea. (nih.gov)
  • Mostly dendritic whole cell recordings from auditory nerve fibers directly where they contact the hair cell are used in excised cochlear tissue, sometimes parallel with hair cell recordings. (nih.gov)
  • However, most of the nerve fibers that carry information from the cochlea to the brain are attached to the base of the inner hair cells. (hearingreview.com)
  • This results in the stimulation of different populations of nerve fibers that are located from the base to the apex. (hearingreview.com)
  • This type of coding of the frequencies in the cochlea and nerve fibers is partially responsible for our ability to perceive fairly small changes in pitch. (hearingreview.com)
  • Nerve fibers need to be stimulated by neural/electrical impulses. (hearingreview.com)
  • Mechanical vibrations delivered to the cochlea through hearing aids cannot be directly received by nerve fibers without being converted to neural impulses. (hearingreview.com)
  • CIs are designed to bypass the function of the inner hair cells and thus provide direct electrical stimulation to the nerve fibers. (hearingreview.com)
  • Some, for example, contain somatic motor fibers only, others contain the various types of fibers found in the spinal nerves, namely, somatic motor, sympathetic efferent, somatic sensory and sympathetic sensory. (bartleby.com)
  • The Hypoglossal Nerve ( XII cranial ) consists of somatic motor fibers only and supplies the muscles of the tongue. (bartleby.com)
  • The Accessory Nerve ( XI cranial ) contains somatic motor fibers. (bartleby.com)
  • The upper part of the nucleus ambiguus gives motor fibers to the vagus and glossopharyngeal nerves. (bartleby.com)
  • The cranial part sends it fibers through the vagus to the laryngeal nerves to supply the muscles of the larynx. (bartleby.com)
  • The root fibers of the cranial part of the accessory nerve pass anterior to the spinal tract of the trigeminal while those of the vagus pass through or dorsal to the trigeminal root, and emerge in the line of the postero-lateral sulcus. (bartleby.com)
  • It is also connected indirectly with the spinal somatic sensory nerves by association fibers of the proper fasciculi. (bartleby.com)
  • The Vagus Nerve ( X cranial ) contains somatic sensory, sympathetic afferent, somatic motor, sympathetic efferent and (taste fibers? (bartleby.com)
  • The afferent fibers (somatic sensory, sympathetic, and taste) have their cells of origin in the jugular ganglion and in the nodosal ganglion (ganglion of the trunk) and on entering the medulla divide into ascending and descending branches as do the sensory fibers of the posterior roots of the spinal nerves after they enter the spinal cord. (bartleby.com)
  • 1) The somatic sensory fibers are few in number, convey impulses from a limited area of the skin on the back of the ear and posterior part of the external auditory meatus, and probably join the spinal tract of the trigeminal nerve to terminate in its nucleus. (bartleby.com)
Semicircular8
  • The diagnosis was bilateral agenesis of the cochlear nerves and semicircular canals. (hindawi.com)
  • The most frequent pattern associated agenesis or hypoplasia of ≥1 semicircular canal, an enlarged vestibule, and a cochlea with a reduced size and occasionally an abnormal shape, but with normal partition in the 13/15 cases that could be analyzed. (nih.gov)
  • The inner ear includes the cochlea (say: KOH-klee-uh) and the semicircular canals. (kidshealth.org)
  • The cochlear nerve, which is attached to the cochlea and sends sound information to the brain, and the vestibular nerve, which carries balance information from the semicircular canals to the brain, together make up the vestibulocochlear (say: vess-tib-yuh-lo-KOH-klee-er) nerve. (kidshealth.org)
  • The inner ear is made up of the cochlea and the semicircular canals. (healthlinkbc.ca)
  • Cochlea and semicircular canals. (cdc.gov)
  • The delineation of the different turns of the Cochlea, the vestibule and the semicircular canals was excellent. (thieme-connect.com)
  • The inner ear includes the hearing organ (cochlea) and the balance organ (vestibule and semicircular canals). (dan.org)
Vestibular nerves4
  • The peripheral segments of the cochlear and vestibular nerves join at the lateral part of the internal auditory canal (IAC) to form the vestibulocochlear nerve. (medscape.com)
  • The magnetic resonance imaging revealed only two nerves in each inner auditory canal: one in the anterior superior quadrant, identified as the facial nerve, and one on the posterior quadrants, representing both the superior and inferior vestibular nerves. (hindawi.com)
  • Only one vestibular nerve is seen in the posterior quadrant (black arrowhead), showing incomplete separation of the superior and inferior vestibular nerves. (hindawi.com)
  • The cochlea and vestibule are the beginning of the auditory and vestibular nerves. (dan.org)
Stimulate10
  • Fluid and small hair in the inner ear stimulate the auditory nerve. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Cochlear implants bypass damaged parts of the cochlea to stimulate the auditory nerve directly. (kidshealth.org)
  • The electrodes stimulate the auditory nerve. (kidshealth.org)
  • Cochlear implants bypass damaged parts of the inner ear and stimulate the auditory nerve. (nih.gov)
  • Different frequencies stimulate different regions of the cochlea, more specifically the basilar membrane. (hearingreview.com)
  • Neurons are typically activated using electricity, but researchers have recently discovered that pulses of IR light can also stimulate nerves. (optics.org)
  • You stimulate the nerve at one location and observe what happens at the other end to see if the pathway is open," Mark Bendett, Aculight's director of product development, told OLE . (optics.org)
  • The firm is collaborating with Northwestern University, US, on a programme to optically stimulate the cochlear nerve, which plays a key role in hearing. (optics.org)
  • You want a wavelength that is absorbed sufficiently to stimulate the nerve without ablating the tissue and it turns out that 1.85 µm is one of those wavelengths. (optics.org)
  • In the practical computer laboratory (2SWS), which complements the lecture (2SWS), we implement a computer model of a cochlea implant and model how it will stimulate the auditory nerve. (tum.de)
Synapses3
  • Therefore, properties of the auditory nerve fiber activity must be set at the individual hair cell ribbon synapses. (nih.gov)
  • The Glowatzki lab studies the pre- and postsynaptic properties at inner hair cell ribbon synapses that set and modulate auditory nerve fiber properties. (nih.gov)
  • In my talk I will elaborate on different modes of release at individual synapses that may play a role in setting auditory nerve fiber properties. (nih.gov)
Implant11
  • For this, the presence of the spiral ganglion cells and the cochlear nerve (CN) is required for the signal transmission from a cochlear implant to the brain. (hindawi.com)
  • Imaging of the cochlea and internal auditory canal (IAC) is essential for a cochlear implant candidate in order to establish cochlear duct permeability and the presence of cochlear nerve in the IAC as well as for choosing the side to be implanted [ 3 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • To provide hearing, a cochlear implant uses tiny electrical pulses to bypass the non-working hair cells in your child's cochlea. (medel.com)
  • Just beyond the hair cells, the implant signals are turned into nerve signals that travel through your child's auditory nerve and follow the natural hearing pathways to their brain, just like your hearing ears. (medel.com)
  • A cochlear implant is for people with complete deafness and it replaces the cochlea. (tinnitusformula.com)
  • A doctor does surgery to implant the wires into your cochlea. (msdmanuals.com)
  • A cochlear implant has two parts: a microphone and sound processor that you wear behind your ear, and an implant placed under the skin that has the wires going into your cochlea. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The components of a cochlear implant which helps the brain register sounds by bypassing damaged portions of the ear and directly stimulating the auditory nerve. (nih.gov)
  • The implant consists of two parts: an external portion that sits behind the ear and a second element that is surgically placed under the skin and inserted into the cochlea in the inner ear. (nih.gov)
  • A cochlear implant bypasses damaged portions of the ear and directly stimulates the auditory (hearing) nerve. (nih.gov)
  • Signals generated by the implant are sent to the brain through the auditory nerve, which the brain recognizes as sound. (nih.gov)
Organ12
  • Hearing involves thousands of tiny hair cells inside the cochlea, a snail-shaped organ in the inner ear. (nih.gov)
  • There are a limited number of these sensory cells, and they are closely packed within the cochlea in a region called the organ of Corti. (nih.gov)
  • The cochlea is the main sensory organ of hearing. (healthlinkbc.ca)
  • The cochlea is the spiral-shaped organ in your inner ear . (healthline.com)
  • The cochlea, an extremely sensitive organ in the inner ear, converts soundwave vibrations to nerve impulses transmitted to the brain. (nih.gov)
  • When we hear, sound waves travel through the outer and middle ear to the hearing organ in the inner ear, known as the cochlea. (rnid.org.uk)
  • Sympathetic ganglia comprises the thousands of afferent and efferent nerve cell bodies that run along either side of the spinal cord, connecting major organ systems, such as the renal system, to the spinal cord and brain. (nih.gov)
  • The cochlea is a tiny organ deep inside each of your ears. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Auditory Neuropathy Spectrum Disorder (ANSD) describes a condition in which test results suggest that the function of the cochlea, the organ of hearing, is normal but auditory nerve function is abnormal. (boystownhospital.org)
  • histological studies showed degenerative changes within the spiral ganglion, stria vascularis and organ of Corti within the cochlea. (ubc.ca)
  • In the pirouette mouse the extensive loss of nerve cells within the spiral ganglion later followed by degenerative changes in the stria vascularis and in the organ of Corti suggests that the cause of these changes lies outside the cochlea. (ubc.ca)
  • The fact that the degenerative changes of all structures are found first and most extensively in the basal whirl and later in the middle and upper whirls of the cochlea also supports the contention that the change is external to the cochlea and gradually involves the whole organ. (ubc.ca)
Signals16
  • Sensory information is converted into nerve signals that are carried to the brain. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The vibrations are changed into nerve signals in the inner ear and are carried to the brain by the auditory nerve. (medlineplus.gov)
  • This movement sends electric signals through the auditory nerve to the brain, where the sound is interpreted. (nih.gov)
  • It turns sound vibrations into electrical signals that travel along the auditory (hearing) nerve. (kidshealth.org)
  • The vibrations from the middle ear change into nerve signals in the inner ear. (kidshealth.org)
  • The snail-shaped cochlea changes the vibrations from the middle ear into nerve signals. (kidshealth.org)
  • These signals travel to the brain along the cochlear nerve, also known as the auditory nerve. (kidshealth.org)
  • The hairs send this position information as signals through the vestibular (say: veh-STIB-yuh-ler) nerve to your brain. (kidshealth.org)
  • Demonstration and analyses of extrinsic fluorescence signals associated with nerve excitation and conduction. (nih.gov)
  • They convert the motion into electrical signals that are transmitted along the vestibular nerve to the brain. (mayoclinic.org)
  • Hearing is the process by which our ears detect sound waves from the environment and convert them into nerve signals for the brain to understand as sound. (medel.com)
  • The cochlea turns sound waves into nerve signals that can be understood by the brain. (medel.com)
  • The hearing nerve then sends these electrical signals to the hearing part of the brain, which analyses them and recognises them as sound. (rnid.org.uk)
  • When part of the ear or hearing nerve becomes damaged or doesn't work properly, this reduces the number of electrical signals usually sent to the brain. (rnid.org.uk)
  • It turns sound waves that come into your ears into nerve signals to send to your brain. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Those nerve signals are what you actually "hear. (msdmanuals.com)
Spiral ganglion2
  • The neurons of the spiral ganglion are the first of 4 order neurons between the cochlea and the cerebrum. (medscape.com)
  • These findings may provide the first step toward regenerating spiral ganglion neurons, the nerve cells that send sound representations to the brain,' said Alain Dabdoub, PhD, co-investigator and assistant professor of surgery with the division of otolaryngology at the UC San Diego School of Medicine. (news-medical.net)
Known as the cochlea1
Superior and inferior2
Modulate auditory nerve fiber1
  • Activation of LOC neurons is believed to directly modulate auditory nerve fiber discharge rates by pharmacological means (Sahley et al. (hearinghealthmatters.org)
Sensorineural4
Lacked a cochlear1
Guinea pig cochlea2
  • Demonstration of traveling waves in the guinea pig cochlea by recording cochlear microphonics. (nih.gov)
  • Structure of the nerve endings on the external hair cells of the guinea pig cochlea as studied by serial sections. (yale.edu)
Action potentials1
  • Auditory sensitivity was monitored using compound action potentials (CAPs) of the auditory nerve recorded through an implanted chronic electrode terminating at the round window. (nih.gov)
Electrodes6
  • It sends electrical impulses by a thin wire to electrodes placed in the cochlea. (kidshealth.org)
  • That's because a limited number of electrodes take over the work of the thousands of hair cells in a normal cochlea. (kidshealth.org)
  • Threads the wires with the electrodes into the spirals of the cochlea. (kidshealth.org)
  • involves attaching electrodes to the head to record electrical activity from the hearing nerve and other parts of the brain. (nih.gov)
  • These impulses are sent to electrodes in the cochlea, which stimulates the cochlear nerve. (healthline.com)
  • Even if you put 100 electrodes into the cochlea, most of them would crosstalk and you wouldn't gain any more fidelity. (optics.org)
Eighth crani1
  • Auditory Nerve - eighth cranial nerve that connects the inner ear to the brainstem and is responsible for hearing and balance. (nih.gov)
Normal cochlea2
Travel along the auditory1
  • Electrical impulses travel along the auditory nerve and pass through several information-processing centers. (mayoclinic.org)
Vibrations into electrical2
  • Tiny sensors (hair cells) lining the cochlea convert the vibrations into electrical impulses that are transmitted along the auditory nerve to your brain. (mayoclinic.org)
  • The hair cells turn the vibrations into electrical nerve impulses. (medel.com)
Cerebellopontine angle2
  • The anatomic relationship of the VIIth and VIIIth nerves in the IAC and the cerebellopontine angle region are important anatomic areas related to skull base surgery and neuro-otologists. (medscape.com)
  • The facial nerve was visualised continuously from the cerebellopontine angle to the foramen stylomastoideum. (thieme-connect.com)
Neurons4
  • The longer central processes of the bipolar cochlear neurons unite to form the cochlear nerve trunk. (medscape.com)
  • In the cochlea, auditory neurons transmit sound vibrations conveyed by hair cells. (news-medical.net)
  • Research has shown that survival of as few as 3,500 spiral ganglions (cell bodies of the neurons of the cochlear nerve) is sufficient to provide adequate stimulation with cochlear implants. (hearingreview.com)
  • As the underlying principle of all neuroprostheses is the electrical excitation of neurons, we will cover this topic in depth using cochlea implants as an example. (tum.de)
Facial nerve11
  • They are also joined by the facial nerve in the IAC. (medscape.com)
  • However, supporting Schwann and satellite cells, as in all cranial ganglia, are entirely of neural crest origin, apparently arising from the ganglion of the facial nerve (see the image below). (medscape.com)
  • These three vestibulocochlear nerve branches, along with the facial nerve, have a characteristic appearance on sagittal oblique 3D CISS cross-sectional images (Figure 1 ). (hindawi.com)
  • Note on the sagittal oblique section the facial nerve in the anterosuperior quadrant (white arrow). (hindawi.com)
  • absence of the oval window is an unusual pathogenesis for this type of hearing impairment and can be associated with an anomalous horizontal facial nerve canal. (ajnr.org)
  • Our goal was to describe the imaging features of congenital absence of the oval window, to determine the frequency with which anomalous development of the horizontal facial nerve canal occurs, and to review the developmental error responsible for this malformation. (ajnr.org)
  • Six of nine ears with abnormal oval window formation showed malposition of the horizontal facial nerve canal. (ajnr.org)
  • In the present series, this anomaly was associated with a grossly aberrant horizontal facial nerve canal in six of nine involved ears. (ajnr.org)
  • Preoperative recognition is important clinically, as a low facial nerve will block surgical access to the oval window and its presence will alter patient management. (ajnr.org)
  • Associated with this entity is an extraordinarily high prevalence of anomalous development and malposition of the horizontal facial nerve canal, which makes surgical correction difficult if not contraindicated. (ajnr.org)
  • We correlate this interesting anomaly with its embryologic derivation, and describe the important associated feature of anomalous facial nerve development. (ajnr.org)
Hair16
  • Single-cell RNA sequencing helped scientists map how sensory hair cells (pink) develop in a newborn mouse cochlea. (nih.gov)
  • Several days later, the cochleae had fewer outer hair cells than normal. (nih.gov)
  • These ossicles amplify the vibrations, which are then picked up by small hair-like cells in the cochlea. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • This kind of hearing loss is normally due to damaged hair cells in the cochlea. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • The fluid then bends tiny hair cells in the cochlea. (healthlinkbc.ca)
  • When the hair cells move, impulses travel along the cochlear nerve to the brain. (healthlinkbc.ca)
  • The fluid vibrations cause tiny hair cells located within the cochlea to move gently back and forth. (sciencefriday.com)
  • Hearing loss occurs most commonly when loud sounds cause damage to the delicate hair cells in the cochlea, but drugs or medications, as well as early-life infections, can also damage hair cells or the cochlea itself. (sciencefriday.com)
  • When the sound vibrations reach the cochlea, they push against specialized cells known as hair cells. (medel.com)
  • The damage could be to the auditory nerve or to the tiny hair cells of the cochlea in your inner ear. (miracle-ear.com)
  • The human inner ear or cochlea has approximately 3,500 inner hair cells and 12,000 to 20,000 outer hair cells. (hearingreview.com)
  • These sensory hair cells collaboratively assist in transferring the mechanical vibrations in the cochlea (generated by sound waves reaching the ear) into neural/electrical impulses. (hearingreview.com)
  • Thus, presentation of louder sounds to the ear via hearing aids does not necessarily help, since there are insufficient hair cells to transfer the mechanical vibrations in the cochlea into neural impulses. (hearingreview.com)
  • Even though the hair cells are not able to function like they should, the rest of the natural hearing structures in the cochlea are often intact, patiently waiting to be activated. (medel.com)
  • The cochlea is lined with thousands of tiny sound-sensing cells called hair cells. (rnid.org.uk)
  • Medical professionals believe the nicotine and carbon monoxide in cigarettes tighten your blood vessels, effectively starving your inner ear of the oxygen it needs to keep hair cells in the cochlea healthy. (healthyhearing.com)
Pathways1
  • when there is damage to the cochlea or to the nerve pathways from the inner ear to the brain) (present in 1.1 percent of individuals with IDA) and combined hearing loss (present in 3.4 percent) were significantly associated with IDA. (eurekalert.org)
Role in auditory1
  • However, a less extensive body of research in both experimental animals and humans suggests that the efferent auditory nervous system, a network descending from auditory cortex to the cochlea, may serve an equally important role in auditory processing. (hearinghealthmatters.org)
Internal auditory canal2
  • The joint use of the computerized tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) supplies information on the internal auditory canal thickness, presence of the cochlear, vestibular, and facial nerves, and inner ear malformations [ 3 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Within the internal auditory canal, the vestibulocochlear nerve splits into three parts (cochlear, superior vestibular, and inferior vestibular). (hindawi.com)
Eardrum2
  • They adjust thanks to the narrow Eustachian (say: yoo-STAY-she-en) tube that connects the middle ear to the back of the nose and acts as a sort of pressure valve, so the pressure stays balanced on both sides of the eardrum. (kidshealth.org)
  • Essentially the device uses the patient's own eardrum, bones and nerves but intercepts and amplifies the signal. (tinnitusformula.com)
Anatomically1
  • These 2 nerves are anatomically and physiologically different. (medscape.com)
Preoperative2
  • Thereby, the preoperative determination of cochlear anatomy is important because cochlear implantation is contraindicated in patients with cochlear nerve aplasia, hypoplasia, or agenesis and inner ear malformations [ 2 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • The purpose of this paper is to present a case of a 4-year-old boy congenitally deaf who was found to have bilateral agenesis of the cochlea nerve during preoperative workup for cochlear implantation. (hindawi.com)
Basilar membrane2
  • Activation of the MOC system decreases cochlear amplifier gain and thus indirectly reduces auditory nerve fiber discharge rates by altering basilar membrane motion patterns. (hearinghealthmatters.org)
  • One mechanism of coding of sound frequency by the cochlea can be conceptualized as division of the incoming sound into several frequency bands, with each portion of the basilar membrane highly responsive (or tuned) to a different frequency. (hearingreview.com)
Sound11
  • Scientists mapped how sensory cells develop in the mouse cochlea, a key sound-sensing structure in the inner ear. (nih.gov)
  • This nerve sends sound information from the ear to the brain. (cdc.gov)
  • Hearing loss that occurs when sound enters the ear normally, but because of damage to the inner ear or the hearing nerve, sound isn't organized in a way that the brain can understand. (cdc.gov)
  • These nerve impulses are translated into sound in your brain. (healthlinkbc.ca)
  • Sound vibrations from the bones of the middle ear are transferred to the fluids of the cochlea. (mayoclinic.org)
  • When these electrical nerve impulses reach the brain, they are experienced as sound. (medel.com)
  • Hearing aids and cochlear implants cannot help because the nerve is not able to pass on sound information to the brain. (medel.com)
  • The concept may sound far-fetched, but vagus nerve stimulation is available today as an alternative to Prozac for managing depression. (optics.org)
  • happens because sound waves can't get through the middle part of your ear to the cochlea. (msdmanuals.com)
  • When these nerves degenerate, sound waves are unable to travel from the outer ear to the auditory nerve, causing a reduction in hearing sensitivity. (disabilityworks.org)
  • Nicotine can also affect the neurotransmitters in the auditory nerve, preventing them from correctly processing sound. (healthyhearing.com)
Hearing11
Brain8
  • The retina converts light energy into a nerve signal that the optic nerve carries to the brain, where it is interpreted. (medlineplus.gov)
  • These vibrations are then converted to nerve impulses that communicate with the brain. (news-medical.net)
  • These move as the vibrations hit them, and the movement data is sent through the auditory nerve to the brain. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • The nerve forwards them to the brain. (healthline.com)
  • It is caused by damage to the inner ear (the cochlea) or to the auditory nerve, which connects the inner ear to the brain. (nih.gov)
  • 7. Cultured olfactory ensheathing cells express nerve growth factor, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, glia cell line-derived neurotrophic factor and their receptors. (nih.gov)
  • The auditory nerve connects the cochlea to the auditory centers of the brain. (medel.com)
  • Similar changes are known to be produced by tumors, osseous compression or severing of the eighth nerve or lesions within the brain. (ubc.ca)
Spinal cord1
Outer1
Transmits1
Efferent1
  • Given that the caudal efferent system directly modulates cochlear mechanics and auditory nerve physiology, there has been much interest in developing clinical procedures to assay this system in humans. (hearinghealthmatters.org)
Vestibulocochlear4
  • [ 1 , 2 ] The length of the vestibulocochlear nerve, from the glial-Schwann junction to the brainstem, is 10-13 mm in the human male and 7-10 mm in females. (medscape.com)
  • Embryologically, the vestibulocochlear (acousticovestibular) ganglion initially develops fused with the VIIth nerve (facial) ganglion. (medscape.com)
  • In contrast, all the supporting and Schwann cells are derived from neural crest cells, possibly from the VIIth nerve ganglion to which the vestibulocochlear ganglion is initially attached. (medscape.com)
  • Using a three-dimensional (3D) constructive interference in steady state (CISS) MRI sequences, the vestibulocochlear and facial nerves can be thoroughly evaluated. (hindawi.com)
Deafness1
  • A team led by Dr. Matthew W. Kelley of NIH's National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (NIDCD) has been studying how the cochlea develops. (nih.gov)
Vagus1
Optic nerve2
  • Computational Neuroscience: Fractal character of the optic-nerve-fiber spike train. (wikipedia.org)
  • For instance, vision loss, due to optic atrophy (shrinkage of the optic nerve) or retinopathy (degeneration of some of the cells that line the back of the eye), is a common symptom of mitochondrial encephalomyopathy. (nih.gov)
Cranial3
  • The division of cranial nerve (CN) VIII into the cochlear and vestibular branches may occur in the medial segment of the IAC or in the subarachnoid space. (medscape.com)
  • The cranial nerves are more varied in their composition than the spinal nerves. (bartleby.com)
  • The cranial part receives indirectly or directly terminals and collaterals from the opposite pyramidal tract and form the terminal sensory nuclei of the cranial nerves. (bartleby.com)