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CocaineCocaine-Related DisordersPharmacologyPharmacology, ClinicalDopamine Uptake InhibitorsCrack CocaineSelf AdministrationConditioning, OperantNucleus AccumbensDose-Response Relationship, DrugReinforcement (Psychology)Behavior, AddictiveBehavior, AnimalReinforcement ScheduleDrug-Seeking BehaviorRats, Sprague-DawleyDopamineMotor ActivityExtinction, PsychologicalDopamine Plasma Membrane Transport ProteinsNarcoticsSubstance Withdrawal SyndromeHeroinRewardBenztropineDopamine AntagonistsStreet DrugsReceptors, Dopamine D2Substance-Related DisordersSubstance Abuse DetectionButyrylcholinesteraseDopamine AgonistsDrug InteractionsHeroin DependenceCorpus StriatumVentral Tegmental AreaSaimiriRats, Long-EvansTime FactorsMicrodialysisInjections, IntravenousConditioning (Psychology)CuesRadioligand AssayAnalysis of VarianceBrainPrenatal Exposure Delayed EffectsReceptors, Dopamine D3MethadoneMacaca mulattaBenzazepinesOpioid-Related DisordersMethamphetamineDextroamphetamineAmphetamineReceptors, G-Protein-CoupledPharmaceutical PreparationsDrug DiscoveryLigandsInternational AgenciesPharmacokineticsDiscrimination LearningNeuronsReceptors, DopamineRats, WistarTerminology as TopicPiperidinesQuinpiroleReceptors, Opioid, kappaTropanesLocomotionCentral Nervous System AgentsDrug DesignNeostriatumAnalgesics, OpioidMotivationNorepinephrine Plasma Membrane Transport ProteinsDrug OverdoseFlupenthixolCarboxylic Ester HydrolasesNicotineGas Chromatography-Mass SpectrometryPsychopharmacologyChoice BehaviorSocieties, PharmaceuticalAnesthetics, LocalPiperazinesStereotyped BehaviorSalicylamides
Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental TherapeuticsToxicologyDopamineMethamphetamineCrack cocaineBehaviorUnderlying cocaine primingBiochemistryDepartment of PharmacologyAddictionPhysiologyRatsDependenceReceptorStimulantsMedicinal ChemistryBasal GangliaSelf-administration of cocaineRepeated cocaine exposureMethadone maintenance patientsAltersDrugsReinstatementRelapseEffects of cocaBreaks down cocainePhysiological EffectsRewardToxicityNeuroimmuneBehavioral pharmacologyHeroinDrugMarijuanaFindingsInfusionClinicalExposureNIDANeuroadaptationsStructural and functional changesAddictsOverdoseDisorderAddictiveReinforcementHydrochlorideMotivationTreatmentStimulantSeizuresBlood VesselsCatecholamines2016BiochemicalNorepinephrineAbuseEnzyme
Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics3
Toxicology3
  • o Preclinical studies, including pharmacology and toxicology, beyond those conducted under the initial SBIR Phase I and Phase II grants. (nih.gov)
  • In 2015, he earned his Ph.D. in pharmacology where he received ten awards for his research, including the 1) Dennis Higgins Award for Ph.D. Dissertation Research in Pharmacology and Toxicology and 2) Dean's Award for Outstanding Dissertation Research. (fda.gov)
  • He was born in Vienna and became professor of pharmacology and toxicology at the University of Vienna in 1912. (jewishvirtuallibrary.org)
Dopamine8
Methamphetamine5
  • Like other central nervous system (CNS) stimulants, such as amphetamine and methamphetamine, cocaine produces alertness and heightens energy. (nih.gov)
  • Stimulants include methamphetamine, cocaine, crack cocaine, and amphetamines such as medications prescribed for the treatment of ADHD. (cdc.gov)
  • Research and development efforts can be focused on medications for the treatment of cocaine, methamphetamine, and other stimulant abuse, as well as towards opiate, cannabis, PCP and club drugs. (nih.gov)
  • In addition, his research has identified drugs that may be useful in the treatment of cocaine and methamphetamine addiction. (fda.gov)
  • But over time he concluded that the marijuana, cocaine and methamphetamine that he gave (with the approval of various ethics committees) to his subjects, themselves experienced drug users, was not as harmful as he had expected. (mapinc.org)
Crack cocaine4
  • This chapter introduces the pharmacology of crack cocaine to help readers evaluate the claims that have been made regarding its danger to individual users and society. (druglibrary.org)
  • In 2006, roughly 1.5 million persons 12 years or older (0.6%) used crack (cocaine freebase) in the past year, and 702,000 (0.3%) were current (past month) crack users. (nih.gov)
  • Growing up near Miami as a teen in the early 1980s, a city then overrun with crack cocaine, he saw drugs as a raging menace. (mapinc.org)
  • The introduction and widespread use of crack cocaine in the 1980s, the severity of the addiction, and comorbid problems prompted the scientific community to investigate treatment options. (netce.com)
Behavior7
  • We also found that amygdala activity was required for cocaine-induced changes to behavior and connectivity. (nature.com)
  • glutamate transmission is involved in the reinstatement of cocaine-seeking behavior. (adicciones.es)
  • The new study shows that exposure to even a single dose of cocaine in rats alters the PNNs that cover some cells in the prefrontal cortex which are important for forming and maintaining drug-associated memories that may drive addictive behavior. (eurekalert.org)
  • Cocaine is a prime example of how drug pharmacology affects behavior and addictive potential. (listverse.com)
  • Considering the low toxicity, the absence of severe side effects and the reduction of cocaine-related behavior, CBD is a promising adjuvant in treatment processes for individuals with problems related to cocaine use. (marijuanamoment.net)
  • Thus, we infused the D1 antagonist, SCH-23390, into the rostral basolateral amygdala (rBLA), caudal basolateral amygdala (cBLA), or central amygdala (CEA), and tested its effects on self-administration of cocaine, as well as reinstatement of extinguished cocaine-seeking behavior by cocaine-conditioned cues or cocaine itself. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior , 102 (2), 257-263. (okstate.edu)
Underlying cocaine priming1
  • In order to understand the mechanisms underlying cocaine craving, a substantial effort has been devoted to elucidating the anatomical and neurochemical bases underlying cocaine priming-induced reinstatement, an animal model of relapse. (nih.gov)
Biochemistry1
Department of Pharmacology2
  • He received his Ph.D. in Behavioral Neuroscience from Oregon Health & Science University and completed his postdoctoral training in the Department of Pharmacology at the University of Washington School of Medicine. (nih.gov)
  • Linda Console-Bram, MS, PhD, is an associate professor in the Department of Pharmacology & Physiology at Drexel University College of Medicine. (drexel.edu)
Addiction12
  • Cocaine addiction in human addicts is characterized by a high rate of relapse following successful detoxification. (nih.gov)
  • they also used it, although less effectively, as an antidepressant, asthma remedy, and a treatment for opiate addiction About the same time, cocaine was added to numerous patent medicines and tonics that people purchased without prescription to combat a variety of common ailments, including chronic fatigue. (druglibrary.org)
  • I want to focus my comments today on what our research has taught us about the scope, pharmacology, and health consequences of cocaine abuse and addiction, particularly with regard to two forms of cocaine - powder and freebase (aka "crack") - and the effects of various routes of administration. (nih.gov)
  • My testimony will also make it clear that cocaine in all its forms poses serious health risks, including addiction. (nih.gov)
  • This enzyme and redesigned versions of it have been studied as a potential treatment for cocaine addiction in humans. (wikipedia.org)
  • Schmidt, H.D. & Pierce, R.C. Cocaine-induced neuroadaptations in glutamate transmission: potential therapeutic targets for craving and addiction. (nature.com)
  • Dr. Thorn is applying in vivo pharmacology methods to advance knowledge on drug addiction, particularly to opioids and psychostimulants. (fda.gov)
  • Another area of Dr. Thorn's research efforts aim to combine emerging imaging techniques with behavioral pharmacology models to further comprehend the brain mechanisms of opioid addiction. (fda.gov)
  • While physical dependence and withdrawal occur with some drugs of abuse (opiates, ethanol), these phenomena are not useful in the diagnosis of addiction because they do not occur with other drugs of abuse (cocaine, amphetamine) and can occur with many drugs that are not abused (propranolol, clonidine). (wikipedia.org)
  • image: New research suggests that the delicate molecular net (shown in blue) that surrounds brain cells associated with addiction (shown in red) can be fundamentally altered with even a small exposure to cocaine. (eurekalert.org)
  • New research suggests that even a limited exposure to cocaine can fundamentally alter a delicate molecular net that surrounds brain cells associated with addiction, leading to changes in the activity of brain circuits. (eurekalert.org)
  • While not all of the studies under review were consistent with one another, and the researchers emphasized the need for human trials, they said that animal research has generally indicated CBD can reduce self-administration of cocaine and many symptoms of addiction. (marijuanamoment.net)
Physiology1
  • It doesn't take very much cocaine to alter the circuit," said co-author Sue Aicher, Ph.D., professor of physiology and pharmacology in the OHSU School of Medicine. (eurekalert.org)
Rats9
  • In Experiment 1, rats self-administered cocaine under a progressive-ratio schedule of reinforcement and the effects of suvorexant on motivation to self-administer cocaine were measured. (nih.gov)
  • release-regulating autoreceptor sensitivity in A9/A10 cell body and terminal areas after withdrawal of rats from continuous infusion of cocaine. (adicciones.es)
  • E12-7Fc-M3 was tested in vivo to examine its activity against cocaine -- following injection of cocaine into mice and rats, scientists gave the cocaine-metabolizing enzyme to the animals intravenously. (sciencedaily.com)
  • E12-7Fc-M3 not only demonstrated a significantly improved efficiency against cocaine, but also had a considerably prolonged biological half-life in mice and rats of roughly 110 hours, compared to the half-life of CocH1-HSA (a pharmaceutical formulation of CocH1), which was only about eight hours. (sciencedaily.com)
  • A single administration of 0.25 mg/kg E12-7Fc-M3 followed by multiple doses of 5 mg/kg E12-7Fc-M3 was shown to accelerate cocaine hydrolysis in mice and rats for at least 20 days. (sciencedaily.com)
  • A single dose of 2.5 mg/kg E12-7Fc-M3 was also found to completely eliminate 25 mg/kg of cocaine in mice and rats for at least seven days. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Male Wistar rats were place conditioned in a three compartment model to vehicle or drug (morphine 2.5 mg/kg, cocaine 5 mg/kg, sertraline 5 mg/kg or paroxetine 15 mg/kg) alternately for 8 days using a 30 min pre-treatment time. (edu.au)
  • In the present study, we examined the effects of ATL444, a novel adenosine receptor antagonist, on motivation for cocaine in male and female rats. (okstate.edu)
  • Adult male and female Sprague-Dawley rats were trained to self-administer cocaine (1.5 mg/kg/infusion) on a fixed-ratio 1 schedule with a daily maximum of 20 infusions. (okstate.edu)
Dependence7
  • CNS stimulants, including cocaine hydrochloride, have a high potential for abuse and dependence. (nih.gov)
  • CBD is a promising adjunct therapy for the treatment of cocaine dependence. (marijuanamoment.net)
  • The evidence described in the present systematic review indicates that CBD is a promising adjunct therapy for the treatment of cocaine dependence due to its effect on cocaine consumption, brain reward, anxiety, related contextual memories, neuroadaptations and hepatic protection as well as its anticonvulsant effect and safety," the study authors concluded . (marijuanamoment.net)
  • Background: There is evidence for psychomotor and cognitive performance impairment in methadone maintenance patients (MMP), as well as in individuals with current cocaine dependence. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • It is unknown whether MMP with concurrent cocaine dependence perform worse on tests of cognitive function than MMP without cocaine dependence. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • Conclusions: The absence of differences between MMP/CD+ and MMP/CD- on measures of higher order cognitive functions, and the relatively small magnitude between-group differences on other measures suggest that current cocaine dependence, in the absence of cocaine intoxication, is unlikely to be associated with clinically meaningful increases in performance impairment in MMP. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • Handelsman LChordia PLEscovar IMQuesada TP Amantadine for the treatment of cocaine dependence in methadone-maintained patients [letter]. (jamanetwork.com)
Receptor2
  • Based on pharmacology and medicinal chemistry experiments, scientists at Tonix have established that tianeptine is an agonist for the nuclear peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) isoforms PPAR-β/δ and PPAR-γ, and tianeptine's effects on these PPAR isoforms account for its ability to induce neuroplasticity in cultured neurons. (advfn.com)
  • Our results reveal that adenosine receptor blockade may mediate both acute increases in the reinforcing effects of cocaine, and longer term inhibitory effects on cocaine reinforcement that differ according to sex. (okstate.edu)
Stimulants3
  • The SPIRCAP Program thus complements existing, more traditional preclinical and clinical programs for the development of cocaine and other psychomotor stimulants treatment medications, managed by the Medications Development Division of NIDA [e.g., the Medications Development Research Units (MDRUs, P-50)], the medicinal chemistry synthesis contracts, and the preclinical medications testing contracts. (nih.gov)
  • A SPIRCAP should be dedicated to the expedited transition of ground-breaking research from advanced preclinical findings to clinical application in developing an anti-cocaine and other psychomotor stimulants medication. (nih.gov)
  • Gawin FHEllinwood EH Cocaine and other stimulants: actions, abuse and treatment. (jamanetwork.com)
Medicinal Chemistry1
Basal Ganglia1
  • Here, we review evidence that changes in dopaminergic and glutamatergic transmission in limbic/basal ganglia circuits of interconnected nuclei including the medial prefrontal cortex, nucleus accumbens, ventral pallidum, amygdala, hippocampus, orbitofrontal cortex, neostriatum and thalamus underlie cocaine priming-induced reinstatement of cocaine seeking. (nih.gov)
Self-administration of cocaine1
  • The clinical administration of CBD leads to a reduction in the self-administration of cocaine and, consequently, the amount of the drug consumed. (marijuanamoment.net)
Repeated cocaine exposure3
  • Following repeated cocaine exposure, neuronal mitochondrial morphology is altered, however, it is unknown how these structural changes correspond with alterations in mitochondrial function. (nih.gov)
  • Here we used whole-cell recordings, two-photon microscopy, optogenetics and pharmacogenetics to show how repeated cocaine exposure alters connectivity in the mouse NAc medial shell. (nature.com)
  • Figure 1: Repeated cocaine exposure enhances excitatory connectivity. (nature.com)
Methadone maintenance patients1
Alters2
  • This project aims to probe how cocaine alters the function of mitochondria in the brain in vivo using pharmacological approaches, genetically encoded fluorescent sensors for calcium and reactive oxygen species, and viral CRISPR strategies for knocking out essential modulators of mitochondrial signaling in adult rodents. (nih.gov)
  • Repeated exposure to cocaine alters the structural and functional properties of medium spiny neurons (MSNs) in the nucleus accumbens (NAc). (nature.com)
Drugs5
  • and in 1906, with enactment of the first Pure Food and Drug Act, the federal government began requiring that products with cocaine (and some other drugs) be labeled as to content. (druglibrary.org)
  • Then, in 1914, Congress passed the Harrison Act, which originally only imposed tax and registration requirements on the legitimate providers of certain drugs, including cocaine. (druglibrary.org)
  • In general, those drugs (e.g., cocaine, heroin, nicotine, alcohol) that maintain drug taking in nonhumans are also commonly abused by humans, and those that are avoided by humans (e.g., antipsychotics) are also avoided by nonhumans. (nationalacademies.org)
  • Branches of pharmacology Pharmacodynamics: (what the drug does to the body)-it is a branch of pharmacology that deals with the mechanism of action, pharmacological effects, indication and contraindication of use and adverse effects of drugs. (slideshare.net)
  • Pharmacovigilance: The area of pharmacology that focuses on the effects of drugs on patient safety. (slideshare.net)
Reinstatement3
  • Cocaine self-administration was increased and cue and cocaine reinstatement were decreased by SCH-23390 infusion into every region when examined across the hour test session, with the exception that cBLA infusion did not alter cocaine reinstatement. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Cocaine reinstatement was attenuated during the first 20 min only by infusion into the CEA, rBLA, and CTX. (elsevierpure.com)
  • The findings suggest that D1 receptors in subregions of the amygdala play differential roles in the reinforcing/ motivational effects of cocaine, while the cue reinstatement effects are less clear. (elsevierpure.com)
Relapse3
  • Relapse to drug taking/seeking can be precipitated by several stimuli including, but not limited to, re-exposure to cocaine itself. (nih.gov)
  • Previous studies using Ritalin (methylphenidate) to treat cocaine addicts showed that Ritalin did not reduce cocaine use or prevent patients from having a relapse. (pharmacology.org)
  • Mr. Hines received his B.S. in Neuroscience from SUNY Geneseo, where he conducted research on semantic interference in memory, spatial memory, and the attenuation of cocaine relapse. (nih.gov)
Effects of coca1
  • Amygdala D1 receptors have been implicated in the motivating effects of cocaine-conditioned cues and cocaine itself, but the specific nucleus involved is unclear. (elsevierpure.com)
Breaks down cocaine2
  • Scientists discover an enzyme that breaks down cocaine into an inactive substance faster than any other such enzyme examined before. (nih.gov)
  • Chang-Guo Zhan, Ph.D., a professor and Fang Zheng, Ph.D., an associate professor at the College of Pharmacy at the University of Kentucky, along with their research team previously designed and tested CocH1, an enzyme that specifically breaks down cocaine without producing harmful byproducts in the body as a result. (sciencedaily.com)
Physiological Effects1
  • Each of his chapters presents a tutorial on the pharmacology and physiological effects of a particular class of drug, including opioids, amphetamines, psychedelics, cocaine and cannabis. (mapinc.org)
Reward4
  • Importantly, all forms of cocaine, regardless of route of administration, result in a similar level of DAT blockade in the reward center of the brain (see Figure). (nih.gov)
  • In Experiment 2, the effects of suvorexant on cocaine reward were assessed by using a place conditioning paradigm, and 50-kHz ultrasonic vocalizations were also recorded to track changes in hedonic reactivity to cocaine. (nih.gov)
  • Unlike caffeine, cocaine is like a lightning road to the brain's mesolimbic pathway, where reward is processed. (listverse.com)
  • Moreover, the reward induced by cocaine is blunted by CBD treatment. (marijuanamoment.net)
Toxicity3
  • [ 1 ] Although nearly every organ system can be affected by cocaine toxicity, most patients present with cardiovascular complaints. (medscape.com)
  • In addition to adverse effects experienced by cocaine users, body packers-people who swallow bags of cocaine in order to smuggle the drug from one country to another-may experience acute toxicity if any of the bags rupture. (medscape.com)
  • Acute cocaine toxicity has three reported phases. (medscape.com)
Neuroimmune1
Behavioral pharmacology1
Heroin2
  • Self-reported heroin (A) and cocaine (B) use during the 13-week trial. (jamanetwork.com)
  • The mean number of days that patients used heroin or cocaine during the previous week of the study are plotted as a function of week for patients in the different medication groups. (jamanetwork.com)
Drug10
  • Maladaptive changes in the processing of motivationally relevant stimuli by these circuits following cocaine self-administration result in drug craving and compulsive drug seeking upon re-exposure to cocaine. (nih.gov)
  • Despite being overshadowed by opioids in recent years, cocaine remains one of the most common causes of drug-related emergency department (ED) visits in the United States. (medscape.com)
  • Finally, and similar to injection, the inhalation of cocaine vapor or smoke into the lungs is also a very effective method of delivering the drug into the bloodstream. (nih.gov)
  • The subjects in this study included 13 cocaine users and 14 healthy non-drug users. (pharmacology.org)
  • TNX-1300 (T172R/G173Q double-mutant cocaine esterase 200 mg, i.v. solution) is being developed under an Investigational New Drug application (IND) for the treatment of cocaine intoxication. (wikipedia.org)
  • Pharmacology Pharmacology is the branch of biology concerned with the study of drug action, where a drug can be broadly defined as any manmade, natural, or endogenous (from within body) molecule which exerts a biochemical and/or physiological effect on the cell, tissue, organ, or organism. (slideshare.net)
  • Pharmacokinetics: (what the body does to the drug)-it is the branch of pharmacology that deals with drug dose, routes of administration and absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion. (slideshare.net)
  • Although cocaine has been a drug of abuse for decades, research on the treatment of cocaine use disorder was delayed until the later part of the 20th century. (netce.com)
  • The National Survey on Drug Use and Health (PDF) has reported that approximately 1.9 million Americans were using cocaine in 2008. (sciencedaily.com)
  • A 2008 Drug Abuse Warning Network report also showed that cocaine was involved in 482,188 of the nearly two million visits to emergency departments for drug misuse or abuse. (sciencedaily.com)
Marijuana1
  • A key component of marijuana shows promise in the treatment of cocaine misuse, according to a new meta-study. (marijuanamoment.net)
Findings2
  • Further research is needed to examine the novel findings that neighboring regions of the BG and CTX may play a role in motivation for cocaine. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Findings from urinalysis testing for cocaine in methadone hydrochloride (MTH)-maintained men (A) and women (B) as well as buprenorphine hydrochloride (BUP)-maintained men (C) and women (D) during the 13-week trial. (jamanetwork.com)
Infusion1
  • Following 5 consecutive sessions during which all 20 available infusions were obtained, motivation for cocaine (0.5 mg/kg/infusion) was assessed under a progressive ratio (PR) schedule, and once responding stabilized, the effect of treatment with ATL444 (0, 15, and 30 mg/kg, i.p.) was examined. (okstate.edu)
Clinical2
  • Clinical pharmacology: Clinical pharmacology is the basic science of pharmacology with an added focus on the application of pharmacological principles and methods in the medical clinic and towards patient care and outcomes. (slideshare.net)
  • Occurrence and severity of cocaine-induced hallucinations: Two distinct phenotypes with shared clinical factors but specific genetic risk factors. (cdc.gov)
Exposure1
NIDA3
  • Research supported by NIDA has found cocaine to be a powerfully addictive stimulant. (nih.gov)
  • NIDA has three Avenir award programs, one for HIV/AIDS and another on the Genetics and Epigenetics of substance use and a third for Chemistry and Pharmacology of Substance Use Disorders. (nih.gov)
  • NIDA IRP Featured Paper of the Month - July 2017 - The Novel Modafinil Analog, JJC8-016, as a Potential Cocaine Abuse Pharmacotherapeutic. (nih.gov)
Neuroadaptations2
  • Wolf, M.E. The Bermuda Triangle of cocaine-induced neuroadaptations. (nature.com)
  • CBD promotes alteration in contextual memory associated with cocaine and in the neuroadaptations, hepatotoxicity and seizures induced by cocaine. (marijuanamoment.net)
Structural and functional changes1
  • Finally, we established how heightened amygdala innervation can explain the structural and functional changes evoked by cocaine. (nature.com)
Addicts3
  • Researchers from the Brookhaven National Laboratory and Stony Brook University published a study in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences , August 2010, which demonstrated that cocaine addicts provided with Ritalin had enhanced cognitive performance. (pharmacology.org)
  • Kosten TRGawin FHRounsaville BJKleber H Cocaine abuse among opioid addicts: demographic and diagnostic factors in treatment. (jamanetwork.com)
  • Kosten TRRounsaville BJKleber HD A 2.5-year follow-up of cocaine use among treated opioid addicts. (jamanetwork.com)
Overdose4
  • Cocaine is the leading stimulant associated with overdose and death, surpassing more notorious uppers like amphetamine and crystal meth. (listverse.com)
  • A long-acting enzyme that rapidly and safely metabolizes cocaine in the blood stream is currently being investigated in animal models as a possible treatment for cocaine overdose. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Currently, there are no marketed treatments for individuals who overdose on cocaine. (sciencedaily.com)
  • We envision that this therapy could eventually become a viable treatment option in emergency rooms for people who overdose on cocaine. (sciencedaily.com)
Disorder2
  • Project: Mitochondrial Signaling Dynamics in Cocaine Use Disorder. (nih.gov)
  • Interactive role of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) clade-specific Tat protein and cocaine in blood-brain barrier dysfunction: implications for HIV-1-associated neurocognitive disorder. (fiu.edu)
Addictive2
  • By understanding how these particular brain cells respond to only a few exposures of cocaine, we can gain insights into how cells might miscommunicate and set into motion early events that contribute to the addictive process," said lead author Barbara Sorg, Ph.D., professor of neuroscience at Washington State University Vancouver. (eurekalert.org)
  • Scientists analyzed 14 studies from the past five years on the administration of CBD in animal subjects consuming cocaine, and determined that the non-intoxicating ingredient appears to have a multitude of effects that mitigate addictive behaviors. (marijuanamoment.net)
Reinforcement1
  • A key line of research involves the determination of the role of ghrelin (an orexigenic peptide) on nicotine and cocaine reinforcement. (tamu.edu)
Hydrochloride17
  • Another was the emergence of an organized black market in cocaine hydrochloride, which was smuggled into the country from South America. (druglibrary.org)
  • These highlights do not include all the information needed to use COCAINE HYDROCHLORIDE nasal solution safely and effectively. (nih.gov)
  • See full prescribing information for COCAINE HYDROCHLORIDE nasal solution. (nih.gov)
  • COCAINE HYDROCHLORIDE nasal solution is an ester local anesthetic indicated for the induction of local anesthesia of the mucous membranes when performing diagnostic procedures and surgeries on or through the nasal cavities in adults. (nih.gov)
  • Recommended dose: two pledgets, each containing 40 mg of cocaine hydrochloride, applied to each nasal cavity. (nih.gov)
  • In a small container, soak four pledgets in the full contents (4 mL) of one bottle of COCAINE HYDROCHLORIDE nasal solution until the solution is fully absorbed. (nih.gov)
  • Each pledget absorbs 1 mL of solution, equivalent to 40 mg cocaine hydrochloride. (nih.gov)
  • Nasal solution: 160 mg/4 mL (40 mg/mL or 4%) cocaine hydrochloride, equivalent to 142.4 mg/4 mL (35.6 mg/mL) cocaine, in a single-unit bottle. (nih.gov)
  • Known hypersensitivity to cocaine hydrochloride, other ester-based anesthetics, or any other component of COCAINE HYDROCHLORIDE nasal solution. (nih.gov)
  • COCAINE HYDROCHLORIDE nasal solution may lower the convulsive threshold. (nih.gov)
  • Monitor vital signs, including heart rate and rhythm, in patients after receiving COCAINE HYDROCHLORIDE nasal solution. (nih.gov)
  • Avoid use of COCAINE HYDROCHLORIDE nasal solution in patients with a recent or active history of uncontrolled hypertension, unstable angina, myocardial infarction, coronary artery disease, or congestive heart failure. (nih.gov)
  • 0.5%) occurring in patients treated with COCAINE HYDROCHLORIDE nasal solution 4% were headache and epistaxis. (nih.gov)
  • Avoid using COCAINE HYDROCHLORIDE nasal solution in patients taking disulfiram. (nih.gov)
  • Avoid use of additional vasoconstrictor agents with COCAINE HYDROCHLORIDE nasal solution. (nih.gov)
  • Do not apply COCAINE HYDROCHLORIDE nasal solution to damaged nasal mucosa. (nih.gov)
  • The recommended dose of COCAINE HYDROCHLORIDE nasal solution is two soaked cottonoid pledgets placed in each nasal cavity, equivalent to 40 mg cocaine hydrochloride per pledget, for a total dose of 160 mg for four pledgets. (nih.gov)
Motivation1
  • ATL444 produced a significant increase in motivation for cocaine on the day of treatment in females with a trend for an increase in males. (okstate.edu)
Treatment1
  • This course is designed for health and mental health professionals who are involved in the evaluation or treatment of persons who use cocaine. (netce.com)
Stimulant1
  • Like caffeine, cocaine is a central nervous system stimulant and a cash crop in Latin America. (listverse.com)
Seizures2
  • and hepatotoxicity and seizures associated with cocaine use were reduced when animals were treated with CBD. (marijuanamoment.net)
  • Taking cocaine can result in severe health issues, including cardiovascular issues (disturbances in heart rhythm and heart attacks) neurological effects (strokes, seizures, headaches and coma) and gastrointestinal complications (abdominal pain and nausea). (sciencedaily.com)
Blood Vessels1
Catecholamines2
  • Cocaine harms the heart by causing some important hormones in the body called catecholamines to become unbalanced. (therecoveryvillage.com)
  • Cocaine stops the body from getting rid of the catecholamines as quickly as it usually would. (therecoveryvillage.com)
20161
  • On behalf of the Mid-Atlantic Pharmacology Society (MAPS) council, we would like to invite you to participate in the upcoming meeting entitled Pharmacology of Substance Abuse, which is being hosted by Quorum at the Science Center in University City on October 27, 2016. (aspet.org)
Biochemical1
Norepinephrine1
  • Factors determining whether cocaine will potentiate the cardiac effects of neurally released norepinephrine. (aspetjournals.org)
Abuse1
  • The Novel Modafinil Analog, JJC8-016, as a Potential Cocaine Abuse Pharmacotherapeutic. (nih.gov)
Enzyme2
  • The enzyme is important in bioremediation, levels of cocaine in European ocean water were cited at 20 ng/L, similar levels in which swollen muscles, and in some cases broken muscle fibers of eels were reported in a controlled study. (wikipedia.org)
  • The researchers are currently evaluating a novel enzyme, E12-7Fc-M3 for its ability to neutralize cocaine in the blood stream using molecular modeling technology. (sciencedaily.com)