IngestionExposure to cobaltDustChlorideChromiumExposures to cobaltStudies of cobalt sulfateOxidesRespiratory tractSulfateChronicToxicityAlloysCompoundsParticlesPulmonaryIonsSTRONTIUMAsthmaPigmentsToxicOccursCarcinogenicityConcentrationsAmount of cobaltConcentrationMetalsSulfideDustsSilica gelPowdersInorganicCarbonateNaturallyTungstenLungOSHACongoAtmosphericSymptomsExcessiveAcuteMagnetMetallicWater and oxygenUrineLungsRiskMetalAtomVitaminWorkers
Ingestion6
- Skin contact, inhalation or ingestion should be avoided. (rsc.org)
- Do this by avoiding ingestion, excessive skin contact, and inhalation of spraying mists, sanding dust, and vapors from heating. (naturalpigments.eu)
- It enters the body through ingestion, inhalation and skin, and accumulates in tissues and organs. (researchsquare.com)
- Internal contamination occurs through ingestion, inhalation or absorption through skin contact of radioactive materials. (researchsquare.com)
- Thus, heavy metal exposure is most often a composite process involving water consumption, ingestion of fish and wildlife, contact with sediment, ingestion of dust and/or inhalation of volatile vapors (such as mercury vapors). (experttoxicologist.com)
- A high blood lead level in enter the human body via direct ingestion of soil via con- children with asthma has been identified as a risk factor taminated hands, inhalation of dust and eating polluted for increasing asthma severity, eosinophilia and elevated plants grown close to roads with heavy traffic or contam- immunoglobulin E levels ( 13 ). (who.int)
Exposure to cobalt8
- The authors conclude that there is a hazard from exposure to cobalt, nickel , and graphite dust. (cdc.gov)
- Dr. Anatoly Zhitkovich served as the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) selected expert to evaluate EPA's Plan to conduct Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) Assessment of Inhalation Exposure to Cobalt and Cobalt Compounds. (brown.edu)
- Exposure to cobalt may cause cancer. (change.org)
- Workers may be harmed from exposure to cobalt and cobalt-containing products. (change.org)
- Exposure to cobalt metal dust is most common in the fabrication of tungsten carbide. (cocoviewhotel.com)
- A correlation in decrease in FEV1 with increasing exposure to cobalt was analysed. (europa.eu)
- Pilliere et al (1990), Single-case study on occupational exposure to cobalt resinate: Cobalt resinate and cobalt stearate administration precipitated a positive finding in a bronchio-constriction test. (europa.eu)
- The greatest exposure to cobalt for the general population is through food in their diet. (cobaltinstitute.org)
Dust8
- Bronchial asthma sometimes occurs after the inhalation of cobalt chloride dust. (cobalt-nickel.net)
- For sensitive individuals, inhalation of cobalt chloride dust can cause pulmonary obstructive lesions and symptoms such as shortness of breath. (cobalt-nickel.net)
- Repeated or prolonged inhalation of dust particles may cause effects on the lungs. (ilo.org)
- Breathing in this cobalt dust can lead to chronic lung problems. (cocoviewhotel.com)
- Pneumoconiosis has been associated with overexposure to cobalt dust. (magnetsim.com)
- Organic dust toxic syndrome (ODTS) is a form of inhalation fever that results from exposure to aerosolized endotoxin (bacterial cell wall products), glucans (fungal cell wall products), and related compounds. (pediagenosis.com)
- As a non-volatile material, cobalt is rarely found in the atmosphere alone, but is more generally attached to particles in the air generated by man-made pollution, while a fraction of cobalt is found in natural dust originating from weathering of rocks and soils, volcanic eruptions, forest fires and seawater spray. (cobaltinstitute.org)
- Cobalt soil concentrations depend on a number of factors, including local geology, atmospheric deposition of cobalt-containing dust, land use and associated amendments, mineral particle distribution, soil age, and climatic and transport factors. (cobaltinstitute.org)
Chloride13
- citation needed] Four dihalides of cobalt(II) are known: cobalt(II) fluoride (CoF2, pink), cobalt(II) chloride (CoCl2, blue), cobalt(II) bromide (CoBr2, green), cobalt(II) iodide (CoI2, blue-black). (wikipedia.org)
- The reduction potential for the reaction Co3+ + e− → Co2+ is +1.92 V, beyond that for chlorine to chloride, +1.36 V. Consequently, cobalt(III) chloride would spontaneously reduce to cobalt(II) chloride and chlorine. (wikipedia.org)
- Dissolve ca 0.25g of cobalt(II) chloride in 5cm 3 distilled water in a test tube and add to the hot reaction mixture.There will be an induction period before the reaction proceeds. (rsc.org)
- Hydrated cobalt(II) chloride is toxic and a skin sensitiser. (rsc.org)
- Used in producing barometrograph, gravimeter in instruments manufacturing industries, paint drier in coating industry, gas defense mask in national defence industry, sympathetic ink, cobalt chloride test paper , allochroic silicagel and nitrogen absorbent. (cobalt-nickel.net)
- If 500mg of cobalt chloride enters the body within a day, it will cause loss of appetite, vomiting, diarrhea, and redness of the face and limbs. (cobalt-nickel.net)
- Boiling the aqueous solution, and then adding ammonia water will generate the basic salt of cobalt chloride. (cobalt-nickel.net)
- At 30-35 °C, the crystallization begins to weather and become turbid, and at 45-50 °C for 4 hours, it almost completely turns into cobalt chloride tetrahydrate. (cobalt-nickel.net)
- When heated to 110-120°C, it completely loses 6 crystal waters and turns into anhydrous cobalt chloride which is poisonous. (cobalt-nickel.net)
- Blue silica indicating gel beads are washed with cobalt chloride, which gives the granule its blue color. (silicon-gel-china.com)
- Because blue silica gel contains a small amount of cobalt chloride, it is toxic and should be avoided from contact with food and inhalation. (silicon-gel-china.com)
- Orange silica indicating gel is an updated product of blue silica gel.Orange silica gel does not contain cobalt chloride, so some people call it cobalt-free silica gel. (silicon-gel-china.com)
- Blue silica gel has potential toxicity because it contains a small amount of cobalt chloride, so contact with food and inhalation should be avoided, and if poisoning occurs, a doctor should be sought immediately. (ruidasilica.cn)
Chromium4
- Cobalt poisoning can also occur from the wear and tear of some cobalt/chromium metal-on-metal hip implants. (cocoviewhotel.com)
- At the time of revision increasing concentrations of the alloy elements cobalt, chromium, and molybdenum were measured in the serum and liquor. (cocoviewhotel.com)
- During the 20th century, the history of dentistry has intimately been linked with metal alloys and those using cobalt (Co, CAS no. 7440-48-4, EC/List no. 231-158-0) and chromium (Cr, CAS no. 7440-47-3, EC/List no. 231-157-5) hold an important place. (encyclopedia.pub)
- Metal implants are used routinely during total hip and knee replacements and are typically composed of cobalt chromium molybdenum (CoCrMo) alloys. (whiterose.ac.uk)
Exposures to cobalt3
- The authors recommend measures to reduce and monitor worker exposures to cobalt and to establish a medical monitoring program for all cobalt exposed workers. (cdc.gov)
- Linna et al.2003, follow-up study of Roto: Process changes to hydrometallurgical workplaces now includes exposures to cobalt sulfate, carbonate, sulfide, oxides, hydroxides, as well as cobalt metal powders. (europa.eu)
- The cobalt industry recognises the need to manage workplace exposures to cobalt and has played a leading role in generating the scientific data required to understand and manage the risks associated with cobalt inhalation. (cobaltinstitute.org)
Studies of cobalt sulfate1
Oxides4
- Several oxides of cobalt are known. (wikipedia.org)
- Cobalt oxides are antiferromagnetic at low temperature: CoO (Néel temperature 291 K) and Co3O4 (Néel temperature: 40 K), which is analogous to magnetite (Fe3O4), with a mixture of +2 and +3 oxidation states. (wikipedia.org)
- In addition to NiOOH, the cathode material in Ni-Cd batteries may contain other metal oxides, such as cobalt oxide (CoO) or iron oxide (Fe2O3), which can enhance the battery's charge and discharge characteristics. (robovent.com)
- Background: Although classified as metal oxides, cobalt monoxide (CoO) and lanthanum oxide (La2O3) nanoparticles, as representative transition and rare earth oxides, exhibit distinct material properties that may result in different hazardous potential in the lung. (wvu.edu)
Respiratory tract1
- Inhalation may produce irritation and respiratory tract sensitization with asthma- like symptoms, including cough, dyspnea, chest tightness, and wheezing. (magnetsim.com)
Sulfate3
- Polycythemia was observed in rats exposed to cobalt sulfate but not in mice. (nih.gov)
- Esta obra contiene una traducción derivada de Cobalt(II) sulfate de Wikipedia en inglés, publicada por sus editores bajo la Licencia de documentación libre de GNU y la Licencia Creative Commons Atribución-CompartirIgual 3.0 Unported . (partcommunity.com)
- Store cattle did not thrive and were given 1 teaspoonful cobalt sulfate by mouth in water. (cocoviewhotel.com)
Chronic4
- Chronic inhalation may cause asthma. (mfa.org)
- Chronic inhalation of CR (VI) compounds increases. (change.org)
- Conclusion: Taken together, the inhalation studies confirmed the trend of our previous sub-acute aspiration study, which reported that CoO nanoparticles induced more acute pulmonary toxicity, while La2O3 nanoparticles caused chronic inflammatory changes and minimal fibrosis. (wvu.edu)
- Hypersensitivity pneumonitis (prototype, farmer's lung disease), chronic beryllium disease, cobalt pneumoconiosis (hard metal disease), and others only appear after sensitization and the development of highly immunospecific cell-mediated and humoral immune responses. (pediagenosis.com)
Toxicity5
- Notable human health toxicity effects identified from human and/or animal studies include respiratory cancer, non-cancer toxicity effects following inhalation, dermatitis, and reproductive effects. (mdpi.com)
- The chemistry, thereby, eliminates the toxicity and risk of thermal runaway, as well as the environmental and human rights concerns about cobalt. (cocoviewhotel.com)
- Cobalt Toxicity. (cocoviewhotel.com)
- 4. Cases of severe cobalt toxicity have even led 5. (cocoviewhotel.com)
- Cobalt toxicity sometimes occurs due to excessive cobalt exposure from the environment and from contaminated food. (cocoviewhotel.com)
Alloys3
- As with nickel, cobalt is found in the Earth's crust only in a chemically combined form, save for small deposits found in alloys of natural meteoric iron. (wikipedia.org)
- Cobalt is primarily used in lithium-ion batteries, and in the manufacture of magnetic, wear-resistant and high-strength alloys. (wikipedia.org)
- 5) Used in tin-cobalt alloy and cobalt-nickel-phosphorus alloy electrolytes, and can also be used as an additive for galvanizing, electroless cobalt and cobalt alloys, etc. (cobalt-nickel.net)
Compounds3
- The compounds cobalt silicate and cobalt(II) aluminate (CoAl2O4, cobalt blue) give a distinctive deep blue color to glass, ceramics, inks, paints and varnishes. (wikipedia.org)
- citation needed] Common oxidation states of cobalt include +2 and +3, although compounds with oxidation states ranging from −3 to +5 are also known. (wikipedia.org)
- The substance is usually used in combination with other compounds such as tungsten carbide, cobalt. (ilo.org)
Particles4
- During wk 1 after inhalation particles were predominantly cleared via air- ways into the gastrointestinal tract and feces. (cdc.gov)
- Inhalation of cobalt particles can cause respiratory sensitization, asthma, decreased pulmonary function and shortness of breath, the CDC says. (cocoviewhotel.com)
- Sometimes, metal particles (cobalt) are released as the metal ball grinds against the metal cup when you walk. (cocoviewhotel.com)
- This paper provides a methodology for calculating inhalation doses to public health and other response personnel at such facilities who would be receiving and assisting potentially contaminated persons from whom particles can be resuspended. (cdc.gov)
Pulmonary1
- The current study was undertaken to compare the pulmonary effects of aerosolized whole body inhalation of these nanoparticles in mice. (wvu.edu)
Ions5
- In this simple demonstration, potassium sodium 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioate or potassium sodium tartrate (Rochelle salt) is oxidised by hydrogen peroxide in the presence of cobalt(II) ions. (rsc.org)
- The main reason is cobalt ions can form complexes with the 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioate ions - a bidentate ligand. (rsc.org)
- The boxed areas were magnified (63×) to highlight the DAB and DAB-Cobalt labeled neurons.References: Hsu SM, Soban E. Color modification of diaminobenzidine (DAB) precipitation by metallic ions and its application for double immunohistochemistry. (fliphtml5.com)
- Although some metal ions, such as cobalt and iron are essential for maintaining normal physiological functions, but at higher concentration or their radioactive isotopes leads to poisoning. (researchsquare.com)
- In bone cells, replenishing the pool of cobalt ions promotes their growth [ 9 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
STRONTIUM1
- The radioactive contaminants released during any accident or incident includes cesium-137, strontium-90, iodine-131, cobalt-60, americium-241 etc. (researchsquare.com)
Asthma6
- Overall, it was concluded that the risk for asthma is 5-fold higher in cobalt exposed workers as compared to controls. (europa.eu)
- Cobalt air exposure levels below 0.120 mg cobalt/m³ (in the absence of irritant gases) were not associated with occupational asthma. (europa.eu)
- A cobalt industry-wide questionnaire exercise for cases of occupational asthma following cobalt exposure was conducted in 2010. (europa.eu)
- Three facilities reported some experience with cobalt asthma in either cobalt carboxylate production or inorganic cobalt substance production. (europa.eu)
- The questionnaire indicates that there is some cobalt industry experience with occupational asthma in addition to the occupational exposure studies reported in the literature. (europa.eu)
- Cobalt exposure has been reported to induce immune responses in some hardmetal workers diagnosed with occupational asthma or reduced lung function (as indicated by measured IgE titres). (europa.eu)
Pigments1
- Cobalt-based blue pigments (cobalt blue) have been used since ancient times for jewelry and paints, and to impart a distinctive blue tint to glass, but the color was for a long time thought to be due to the known metal bismuth. (wikipedia.org)
Toxic3
- Cobalt is not highly toxic, but large doses will produce adverse clinical manifestations. (cocoviewhotel.com)
- Treatment of inhalation injuries caused from toxic smokes is based on clinical presentation and involves primarily supportive care directed at the cardiopulmonary system. (medscape.com)
- The inhalation of toxic elements like benzene, cobalt, and varnishes or exposure to mercury or led can cause this taste if high levels have been inhaled. (steptohealth.com)
Occurs2
- Cobalt occurs naturally as only one stable isotope, cobalt-59. (wikipedia.org)
- Metallic cobalt occurs as two crystallographic structures: hcp and fcc. (wikipedia.org)
Carcinogenicity1
Concentrations3
- Concentrations of the cobalt borate neodecanoate in separate dosing formulation samples were measured by inductively coupled plasma (ICO) spectroscopy. (europa.eu)
- As cobalt is naturally occurring and a widely dispersed element, all natural waters contain background concentrations of this element, which are the naturally occurring concentrations present in waters due to geological influence rather than from the influence of man. (cobaltinstitute.org)
- Calculations are presented for radionuclide concentrations in air, dose to staff from inhalation, and how exposures and the resulting doses can be altered by air-turnover rates and the use of filters with varying efficiency. (cdc.gov)
Amount of cobalt1
- If you swallowed a large amount of cobalt, or you are starting to feel sick from long-term exposure, you should go to an emergency room. (cocoviewhotel.com)
Concentration4
- One sample was analyzed to verify the cobalt concentration. (europa.eu)
- The concentration of cobalt, in particular, was remarkably high. (cocoviewhotel.com)
- Reduction of FEV1/ VC ratio correlated with intensity of current cobalt concentration in air and urine. (europa.eu)
- The concentration of cobalt found in natural waters includes freshwater systems such as lakes, streams and rivers and salt water or marine systems including estuaries and oceans. (cobaltinstitute.org)
Metals1
- Mohammed A. Al Mutairi, Hatim A. Al Herbish, Rakan S. Al-Ajmi, Hatim Z. Alhazmi, Reham A. Al-Dhelaan & Abdullah M. Alowaifeer (2022) Analyzing pesticides and metal(loid)s in imported tobacco to Saudi Arabia and risk assessment of inhalation exposure to certain metals, Inhalation Toxicology. (unitedchem.com)
Sulfide1
- The principal chalcogenides of cobalt include the black cobalt(II) sulfides, CoS2, which adopts a pyrite-like structure, and cobalt(III) sulfide (Co2S3). (wikipedia.org)
Dusts1
- The inhalation of dusts and noxious gases into the lung may result in little damage or reaction if the agents have low biological activity or the exposure is minimal, but the results can be devastating injury, inflammation, or fibrosis if the agent is potent and carried by high dose or prolonged exposure. (pediagenosis.com)
Silica gel1
- Manufacture of cobalt catalysts, manufacture of color-changing silica gel wet and dry indicators. (cobalt-nickel.net)
Powders1
Inorganic2
- Cobalt in inorganic form is also a micronutrient for bacteria, algae, and fungi. (wikipedia.org)
- A total of 13 facilities producing inorganic cobalt substances or inorganic cobalt substances with an organic anion ("cobalt carboxylates") responded. (europa.eu)
Carbonate1
- It should be noted that the majority of cobalt in soil is not in a form that is available for uptake by plants or animals, due to the formation of carbonate and hydroxide minerals. (cobaltinstitute.org)
Naturally5
- Cobalt is a naturally occurring element in the earth's crust. (cocoviewhotel.com)
- Per the International Agency for Research on Canc Cobalt is a naturally occurring element in the earth's crust. (cocoviewhotel.com)
- Cobalt is a naturally occurring element in the earth's crust at around 20-30 parts per million (mg/Kg, average 25 mg/Kg). (cobaltinstitute.org)
- Cobalt substances are naturally and ubiquitously present in the air, soil, sediments and water. (cobaltinstitute.org)
- The vast majority of people are highly unlikely to naturally encounter cobalt in large enough amounts for it to be dangerous, but people working in manufacturing facilities where cobalt is used could be at risk without proper mitigation measures. (cobaltinstitute.org)
Tungsten1
- Inhalation devices may contain valuable resources such as tungsten, cobalt, magnesium and lithium. (disposeofthings.com)
Lung3
- The whole lung burden 1 h after the 4 day inhalation of CoO nanoparticles was 25 % of that for La2O3 nanoparticles. (wvu.edu)
- Our findings highlight the potential roles that nano- and micro-CoCrMo, whether exposure is due to inhalation or implant wear, and the associated oxidative stress may play in the increasingly reported implant loosening, osteolysis, and systemic complications in orthopaedic patients, and may explain the risk of lung diseases in dental workers. (whiterose.ac.uk)
- Many lung diseases caused by inhalation exposure to organic or metal particulates are the result of a specific immune response. (pediagenosis.com)
OSHA1
Congo3
- The Copperbelt in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) and Zambia yields most of the global cobalt production. (wikipedia.org)
- The global production of cobalt is firmly linked to modern slavery in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). (humanity-consultancy.com)
- However, cobalt mines are unmonitored and hazardous, and are linked to child labour, particularly in the southern Congo. (humanity-consultancy.com)
Atmospheric1
Symptoms5
- Usually you have to be exposed to high levels of cobalt for weeks to months to have symptoms. (cocoviewhotel.com)
- Treatment for swallowed cobalt: The health care team will treat your symptoms and order some blood tests. (cocoviewhotel.com)
- Cobalt poisoning symptoms. (cocoviewhotel.com)
- The symptoms and problems associated with long-term cobalt poisoning are rarely reversible. (cocoviewhotel.com)
- Specific syndromes with both respiratory and systemic symptoms can occur after inhalation exposures. (pediagenosis.com)
Excessive1
- Cobalt poisoning is intoxication caused by excessive levels of cobalt in the body. (cocoviewhotel.com)
Acute3
- Histopathological analysis showed acute inflammatory changes at 1 day after inhalation of either CoO or La2O3 nanoparticles. (wvu.edu)
- Acute bacterial colonization and invasion peaks at 2-3 days after smoke inhalation. (medscape.com)
- In most instances, these reactions are acute, occurring within seconds to 48 hours of inhalation. (pediagenosis.com)
Magnet1
Metallic1
- Today, some cobalt is produced specifically from one of a number of metallic-lustered ores, such as cobaltite (CoAsS). (wikipedia.org)
Water and oxygen2
Urine2
Lungs1
- Cobalt CAS ID #: 7440-48-4 Affected Organ Systems: Cardiovascular (Heart and Blood Vessels), Developmental (effects during periods when organs are developing) , Hematological (Blood Forming), Respiratory (From the Nose to the Lungs) Cancer Classification: NTP: Reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen. (cocoviewhotel.com)
Risk2
- The authors concluded that the evidence indicated that irritant gases may enhance the risk of respiratory sensitisation to cobalt. (europa.eu)
- Be aware of pertinent historical risk factors when treating patients with potential smoke inhalation injury. (medscape.com)
Metal5
- Cobalt is a ferromagnetic metal with a specific gravity of 8.9. (wikipedia.org)
- Cobalt is a weakly reducing metal that is protected from oxidation by a passivating oxide film. (wikipedia.org)
- Exposure range of 0.06-0.1 mg cobalt/m³ (cobalt metal powder) were given. (europa.eu)
- In patients with metal fume fever, ODTS, and other inhalation fevers, tolerance may occur if exposure is frequent, with loss of tolerance after an exposure holiday. (pediagenosis.com)
- Cobalt is an essential metal, needed for the health of ruminant animals such as cows and sheep. (cobaltinstitute.org)
Atom1
- For example, zinc is an important cofactor for several enzymatic reactions in the human body, vitamin B-12 has a cobalt atom at its core, and hemoglobin contains iron. (medscape.com)
Vitamin5
- Cobalt participates in the synthesis of vitamin B12, activates biological enzymes, and resists aplastic anemia. (cobalt-nickel.net)
- Cobalt is a component of vitamin B12, which supports the production of red blood cells. (cocoviewhotel.com)
- Cobalt is an essential element for health in animals in minute amounts as a component of Vitamin B 12.A deficiency of cobalt, which is very rare, is also potentially lethal, leading to pernicious anemia. (cocoviewhotel.com)
- Cobalt is essential to human health as a part of vitamin B12, something humans and animals need access to in order to stay healthy. (cobaltinstitute.org)
- Cobalt is essential to human life as part of Vitamin B12. (cobaltinstitute.org)