• In therapeutic cloning, the blastocyst is not transferred to a womb. (eurostemcell.org)
  • Another long-term hope for therapeutic cloning is that it could be used to generate cells that are genetically identical to a patient. (eurostemcell.org)
  • To date, no human embryonic stem cell lines have been derived using therapeutic cloning, so both these possibilities remain very much in the future. (eurostemcell.org)
  • Note that each and every individual "loophole" discussed below that permits human cloning by default (and most bills have literally dozens of such loopholes) thus permits it for both "therapeutic" and for "reproductive" human cloning. (lifeissues.net)
  • The heated debate in our society over reproductive cloning, as well as therapeutic cloning to obtain embryonic stem cells, has been fueled by misconceptions and hyperbole on both sides. (flfamily.org)
  • What deserves greater attention, however, is therapeutic cloning, a (potential) cloning application considered far more important to the biomedical and scientific communities and one far more ethically challenging. (reasons.org)
  • 1] Therapeutic cloning, on the other hand, creates human embryos merely as a source of embryonic stem cells. (reasons.org)
  • Crudely put, therapeutic cloning looks to generate human embryos solely for the body parts they can provide. (reasons.org)
  • Reproductive cloning in humans and therapeutic cloning in primates: is the ethical debate catching up with the recent scientific advances? (bmj.com)
  • On the topic of cloning we should set an example by outlawing it in all its forms, cloned babies and so called 'therapeutic cloning' (which is a misnomer as at this stage no therapeutic benefit will result from the cloned embryo). (cmq.org.uk)
  • Mr Blair says the European biotech industry will be worth $100 billion by 2005 and the day after the British Parliament gave the green light for therapeutic cloning the leading commercial player was rewarded with a substantial jump in share value. (cmq.org.uk)
  • 5. In 2001, France and Germany requested the United Nations General Assembly to develop international conventions on human reproductive cloning, therapeutic cloning and research on stem cells. (who.int)
  • The rapidly emerging "regenerative" field of medicine is relying heavily on the use of ethically obtained stem cells. (flfamily.org)
  • Those two factors make attempts to clone humans for reproductive purposes ethically troubling. (reasons.org)
  • WHA50.37 of 1997 argues that human cloning is ethically unacceptable and contrary to human integrity and morality. (who.int)
  • WHA50.37, which states "the use of cloning for the replication of human individuals is ethically unacceptable and contrary to human integrity and morality. (who.int)
  • The legislation, which bans reproductive cloning as well as embryonic stem cell research in which human life is destroyed, was amended in the House last week to outlaw the cloning process to create human embryos for research, but would allow importation of embryonic stem cell lines created outside the state for research. (lifenews.com)
  • Pro-cloning forces have been working hard to convince state governments to pass constitutional amendments enshrining a "right" to clone and to destroy embryos for research. (flfamily.org)
  • After many divisions in culture, this single cell forms a blastocyst (an early stage embryo with about 100 cells) with almost identical DNA to the original donor who provided the adult cell - a genetic clone. (eurostemcell.org)
  • To produce Dolly, the cloned blastocyst was transferred into the womb of a recipient ewe, where it developed and when born quickly became the world's most famous lamb. (eurostemcell.org)
  • Instead, embryonic stem cells are isolated from the cloned blastocyst. (eurostemcell.org)
  • A blastocyst (cloned or not), because it lacks any trace of a nervous system, has no capacity for suffering or conscious experience in any form - the special properties that, in our view, spell the difference between biological tissue and a human life worthy of respect and rights. (wikiquote.org)
  • Cloning, or somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT), is the technique used to produce Dolly the sheep, the first animal to be produced as a genetic copy of another adult. (eurostemcell.org)
  • These stem cells are genetically matched to the donor organism, holding promise for studying genetic disease. (eurostemcell.org)
  • Many of these accurate definitions can also be used in bills and treaties concerning related issues, e.g., human embryonic stem cell research, human genetic engineering, abortion, the use of abortifacients, conscience clauses, IVF and other artificial reproductive technology research and regulation, etc. (lifeissues.net)
  • The researchers then used these cells as the source of genetic material to clone pigs with organs that lacked the sugar groups responsible for HAR. (reasons.org)
  • These cells have been successfully used to treat children with blood cancers, such as leukemia, and certain genetic blood disorders. (healthline.com)
  • For example many clones die early or they are born with genetic deformities, and develop terminal illnesses such as cancer. (irfi.org)
  • A clone is an organism that is a genetic copy of an existing one. (who.int)
  • 2. Nuclear transfer is a technique used to duplicate genetic material by creating an embryo through the transfer and fusion of a diploid cell in an enucleated female oocyte.2 Cloning has a broader meaning than nuclear transfer as it also involves gene replication and natural or induced embryo splitting (see Annex 1). (who.int)
  • The report arose out of a recommendation for the Committee to review the report of the Australian Health Ethics Committee (AHEC) of the NHMRC entitled Scientific, Ethical and Regulatory Considerations Relevant to Cloning of Human Beings (hereafter the AHEC Report ). (edu.au)
  • Claims that you could clone individual treatments of human beings to treat common diseases like diabetes, suggests you need a huge supply of human eggs. (wikiquote.org)
  • Can Human beings be Cloned? (irfi.org)
  • The use of the technique of nuclear transfer for reproduction of human beings is surrounded by strong ethical concerns and controversies and is considered a threat to human dignity. (who.int)
  • 2. Over the years, the international community has tried without success to build a consensus on an international convention against the reproductive cloning of human beings. (who.int)
  • 3. Creating awareness among ministries of health in the African Region will provide them with critical and relevant information on the reproductive cloning of human beings and its implications to the health status of the general population. (who.int)
  • 7. The WHO Regional Committee for Africa is invited to review this document for information and guidance concerning reproductive cloning of human beings. (who.int)
  • 3. Media reports on nuclear transfer are usually about one form, reproductive nuclear transfer, also known as reproductive cloning of human beings . (who.int)
  • We want real cures now available from ethical adult stem cell research, not illusory promises from unproductive embryo research,' the Louisiana Coalition for Ethical Stem Cell Research said in a statement. (lifenews.com)
  • Assisted reproductive technology (ART) and embryo research have posed many challenges to the different timeframes of science, ethics and law. (edu.au)
  • On April 11, 2003, Washington Post Staff Writer, Rick Weiss, reported 'New research suggests that it may be a lot harder to clone people than to clone other animals, an unexpected scientific twist that could influence the escalating congressional debate over human cloning and embryo research. (irfi.org)
  • But opponents of human embryo research were afraid that the new research not only identifies previously unrecognized hurdles to human cloning, but also points the way to overcoming those hurdles. (irfi.org)
  • Even the world's most famous sheep clone, Dolly, who died recently suffered from problems linked to this gene. (irfi.org)
  • If there are intact cells in this tissue they have been 'stored' frozen. (wikiquote.org)
  • It is also our view that there are no sound reasons for treating the early-stage human embryo or cloned human embryo as anything special, or as having moral status greater than human somatic cells in tissue culture. (wikiquote.org)
  • XI - embryonic stem cells: embryonic cells that are capable of modifying the cells of any organism tissue. (hinxtongroup.org)
  • This means they can potentially produce new cells for any organ or tissue. (healthline.com)
  • Some in the biomedical community hope to develop techniques to generate replacement tissues from these embryonic stem cells. (reasons.org)
  • One such approach, called "xenotransplantation" (the transplantation of living cells, tissues, and organs from one species to another species), turns to pigs as a source of organs for human transplants. (reasons.org)
  • Stem cells may be derived from adult tissues but the most potent are extracted from developing human embryos. (edu.au)
  • Stem cells from cord blood or adult tissues do not give rise to the same moral considerations as those derived from embryos or cloned embryos or aborted foetuses. (cmq.org.uk)
  • These stem cells come from developed organs and tissues in the body. (healthline.com)
  • The Government has now used a legal loophole to allow cloning, relying on the 'defective' legal definition in that the technique (as in 'Dolly') used an unfertilised ovum. (cmq.org.uk)
  • It seems that a little knowledge is a dangerous thing, and the authors have allowed themselves to over-interpretate their interesting results,' said Professor Ian Wilmut of the Roslin Institute, in Edinburgh, leader of the team, which cloned Dolly the sheep. (irfi.org)
  • What are stem cells and why are they so fraught with both hope and controversy? (flfamily.org)
  • Though fraught with problems, reproductive cloning at least strives to reproduce a human being and, in principle, preserves the value of human life. (reasons.org)
  • What is cloning, and what does it have to do with stem cell research? (eurostemcell.org)
  • This form of cloning is unrelated to stem cell research. (eurostemcell.org)
  • However, there is hope for the future as Governor Kathleen Blanco told pro-life advocates that she does not support embryonic stem cell research, and favors the wholesale cloning bans that pro-life organizations had backed. (lifenews.com)
  • Governor Blanco discussed the bills with the Louisiana Coalition for Ethical Stem Cell Research on the final day of the session, and said that bills banning reproductive cloning but allowing for destructive embryonic research, such as the one sponsored by Senate President Don Hines (D-Bunkie), would not receive her support. (lifenews.com)
  • The two other cloning bans, both wholesale bans that would have prohibited the destructive research, overcame many obstacles to come close to passage, and eventually garnered the support of a majority of the legislature. (lifenews.com)
  • Lawmakers voted in larger numbers to support the wholesale bans, and recent votes for measures supporting embryonic research, if won at all, passed by very narrow margins. (lifenews.com)
  • Finally, the cloners see that there is no political stability for their clone and kill labs in Louisiana, meaning that effective adult stem cell research can continue to thrive in Louisiana," concluded Bordlee. (lifenews.com)
  • Rep. Beard had pointed out that a total human cloning ban does not impede research, as his opponents, including Senator Hines, have accused. (lifenews.com)
  • During debate on his bill, Beard stated that opponents of his bill place a 'false hope' in embryonic stem cell research. (lifenews.com)
  • As of yet no useful embryonic stem cell lines have been created, and all breakthroughs in stem cell research have been done with adult stem cells, which do not require the destruction of human life. (lifenews.com)
  • Beard's measure has the backing of a group of pro-life organizations, including the Catholic Church, which has lobbied hard in support of his bill, especially since it was "sabotaged" by the pro-embryonic research amendment. (lifenews.com)
  • The "pros" and "cons" of human cloning research have already been dealt with at length in the literature, so they will not be reviewed here. (lifeissues.net)
  • Rather, after having published analyses of dozens of state, national, federal and international legislative attempts to ban human cloning research, I simply wish to offer seriously considered suggestions for the use of scientifically accurate language and definitions to be used in such endeavors in order to prevent loopholes which would result in much human cloning not being really banned. (lifeissues.net)
  • Paul Wagle, M.A., discusses his experience with a life-saving adult stem cell treatment, and the importance of promoting ethical approaches to medical research. (flfamily.org)
  • CLI's Vice President and Research Director, Dr. David Prentice, recently joined Molly Smith, host of From the Median, to explain the science, history, and politics of stem cells. (flfamily.org)
  • Recent and ongoing research suggests an alternative approach that can achieve the same goal (repair of damaged or diseased organs) without destroying human embryos. (reasons.org)
  • 3] An international research team genetically engineered pig cells that lacked a functional form of the gene that codes for a key enzyme involved in the production of the cell surface sugars that cause HAR. (reasons.org)
  • In fact, the research team oversaw the birth of four normal, healthy piglets with organs suitable for human transplants. (reasons.org)
  • Research ethics and lessons from Hwanggate: what can we learn from the Korean cloning fraud? (bmj.com)
  • Is a consensus possible on stem cell research? (bmj.com)
  • The petition recognizes that many "Canadians suffer from debilitating illnesses and diseases" and that the petitioners "support ethical stem cell research that has already shown encouraging potential to provide cures and therapies for these illnesses and diseases. (lifesitenews.com)
  • Embryonic stem cell technology is still at a preliminary research stage and announcements about its potential may be premature. (edu.au)
  • Experts from around the world are assessing the difficult issue of the extent to which embryonic stem cell research should be allowed to proceed, and to date there is little international consensus on this matter. (edu.au)
  • How, then, should embryonic stem cell research be regulated in Australia? (edu.au)
  • This issue was considered by the House of Representatives Standing Committee on Legal and Constitutional Affairs in its report entitled Human Cloning: Scientific, Ethical and Regulatory Aspects of Human Cloning and Stem Cell Research (hereafter the Andrews Report , after the Chair of the Committee, Mr Kevin Andrews, MP) released in September 2001. (edu.au)
  • In this article we examine embryonic stem cell research and explore the current regulatory framework associated with this research in Australia, with particular reference to the Andrews Report . (edu.au)
  • Secondly, widening the scope of research further establishes the human embryo as a mere commodity for use as a research animal and moves away from Dame Warnock's assertion that the embryo deserves special respect. (cmq.org.uk)
  • There is a range of different views world-wide on the acceptability of research on embryonic stem cells. (cmq.org.uk)
  • Some forms of stem cell research such as the use of cells from adults or cord blood, are not controversial. (cmq.org.uk)
  • What are the potential medical benefits of stem cell research 9 what is the most likely time scale for realising them? (cmq.org.uk)
  • The possible benefits of stem cell research are unknown or at best speculative, though the prospects appear superficially attractive. (cmq.org.uk)
  • However, more research is needed to help understand the potential uses of amniotic fluid stem cells. (healthline.com)
  • They were optimistic based on the research carried out into human genetics. (irfi.org)
  • The researchers also say finding that the gene works in a different way in humans from animals such as rats and mice has raised questions about large areas of medical research. (irfi.org)
  • For example, stem cells could be generated using the nuclear transfer process described above, with the donor adult cell coming from a patient with diabetes or Alzheimer's. (eurostemcell.org)
  • More than 100 nuclear transfer procedures could be required to produce one viable clone. (wikiquote.org)
  • The creation of an embryo by nuclear transfer is a human being whose right to continued life should be respected. (cmq.org.uk)
  • Additionally, Gov. Blanco's now-apparent position could further influence legislators to pass a wholesale cloning ban. (lifenews.com)
  • Thus to use the phrase "of an existing or previously existing human being" to refer to the product of human cloning would not be a scientifically accurate description of the cloned or genetically engineered human embryo -- thus creating yet another loophole in the bill or treaty. (lifeissues.net)
  • The new work by scientists in Pittsburgh provides an explanation for why hundreds of attempts to clone monkeys have all failed despite successes in several other mammals. (irfi.org)
  • Doctors have been performing stem cell transplants, also known as bone marrow transplants, for decades using hematopoietic stem cells in order to treat certain types of cancer. (healthline.com)
  • You can't say, taking this information in isolation, that it's easier to clone primates and humans,' he said. (irfi.org)
  • The scientists said they suspect that similar roadblocks exist for all primates -- the evolutionary grouping that includes monkeys and humans. (irfi.org)
  • More than 90% of cloning attempts fail to produce viable offspring. (wikiquote.org)
  • According to them this difference arose about 70 million years ago to help control the size of babies in the wombs of very early human ancestors. (irfi.org)
  • The newly discovered obstacle makes it more likely than ever that rogue scientists' recent claims to have created cloned babies were fraud. (irfi.org)
  • Practical implementation of reproductive cloning suffers significant problems. (reasons.org)
  • Let's say that one in a thousand cells were nevertheless viable, practical issues come into play. (wikiquote.org)
  • Many scientists were dismayed and scientists involved in animal cloning warned of the many practical problems in cloning. (irfi.org)
  • Science, supported by the human genome project has already shown that many of the basic 'cell control' processes are common across a wide range within both animal and plant kingdoms. (cmq.org.uk)
  • Cloning in biotechnology refers to processes used to create copies of DNA fragments ( molecular cloning ), cells (cell cloning), or organisms . (wikiquote.org)
  • Developments in biotechnology have raised new concerns about animal welfare, as farm animals now have their genomes modified (genetically engineered) or copied (cloned) to propagate certain traits useful to agribusiness, such as meat yield or feed conversion. (wikiquote.org)
  • The stem cells could be studied in the laboratory to help researchers understand what goes wrong in diseases like these. (eurostemcell.org)
  • VICTORIA, May 31, 2002 (LSN.ca) - The B.C. Liberals tabled draft legislation to scrap the province's Human Rights Commission, leaving only a simple tribunal to hear complaints. (lifesitenews.com)
  • VICTORIA, May 31, 2002 (LSN.ca) - A coalition of Canadian organizations and individuals has launched an emergency petition campaign to address the serious flaws in Bill C-56, The Assisted Human Reproduction Act. (lifesitenews.com)
  • OTTAWA, May 31, 2002 (LSN.ca) - Dr. Dianne Irving, a leading international expert on new reproductive technologies, has reviewed the proposed Canadian legislation, Bill C-56 and has found it completely inadequate. (lifesitenews.com)
  • The principles of stem cell development and differentiation should be researched in animals. (cmq.org.uk)
  • In the middle of the year 2001 a group of scientists said cloning humans might be easier than cloning animals. (irfi.org)
  • … "human clone" means an embryo that, as a result of the manipulation of human reproductive material or an in vitro embryo, contains a diploid set of chromosomes obtained from a single - living or deceased - human being, fetus, or embryo. (hinxtongroup.org)
  • A number of scientists are trying to create life in the lab, specifically artificial cells. (reasons.org)
  • A patient transplanted with these cells would not suffer the problems associated with rejection. (eurostemcell.org)
  • The chief one is hyper-acute rejection (HAR)-the rejection of pig organs by the human recipient. (reasons.org)
  • Clonaid's claim to have produced the first human clones propelled the ethical debate about human cloning to the headlines last December. (reasons.org)
  • Given this fanfare, the debate has tended to focus on reproductive cloning-the use of cloning to generate a human being-and its bizarre societal and familial side effects. (reasons.org)
  • and the general public debate about reproductive cloning. (edu.au)
  • … "embryo" means a human organism during the first 56 days of its development following fertilization or creation, excluding any time during which its development has been suspended, and includes any cell derived from such an organism that is used for the purpose of creating a human being. (hinxtongroup.org)
  • Considered contrary to the moral law, since (it is in) opposition to the dignity both of human procreation and of the conjugal union. (wikiquote.org)
  • General Assembly the adoption of a declaration on human cloning by which Member States were called upon to prohibit all forms of human cloning inasmuch as they are incompatible with human dignity and the protection of human life. (who.int)
  • This technique is surrounded by strong ethical concerns and is considered a threat to human dignity. (who.int)
  • The first obstacle to cloning your dog is that $100,000 cost. (wikiquote.org)
  • In biology , cloning is the process of producing similar populations of genetically identical individuals that occurs in nature when organisms such as bacteria , insects or plants reproduce asexually . (wikiquote.org)
  • Opponents believe that an embryo is a living human being. (healthline.com)
  • Baton Rouge, LA (LifeNews.com) - The Louisiana legislative session has ended, without any of the three cloning bans passing. (lifenews.com)
  • When the cloning process is used in this way, to produce a living duplicate of an existing animal, it is commonly called reproductive cloning. (eurostemcell.org)
  • The process has been rife with delay, people caught within human rights complaints usually feel like they're lost in some kind of Kafkaesque nightmare. (lifesitenews.com)
  • During the process of harvesting embryotic stem cells, the embryo is destroyed. (healthline.com)
  • Since stem cells have the ability to turn into various other types of cells, scientists believe that they can be useful for treating and understanding diseases. (healthline.com)
  • Scientists want to make cloned human embryos to get embryonic stem cells, which live inside early embryos and have the potential to cure a wide array of diseases. (irfi.org)
  • The intention of Parliament in drawing up the 1990 Act was to totally ban cloning which was then foreseen as transferring a nucleus into an enucleated embryo. (cmq.org.uk)
  • The Select Committee should insist that the original will of Parliament is upheld and all forms of cloning should be forbidden. (cmq.org.uk)
  • The European Parliament has voted against all forms of human cloning, and President Bush, President Chirac and Hubert Heupe have joined in condemning the British decision. (cmq.org.uk)
  • We can ask Governor Blanco to make an authentic human cloning ban an administration priority because it is clear that her active involvement is critical. (lifenews.com)
  • They make new red blood cells, white blood cells, and other types of blood cells. (healthline.com)
  • Scientists are hoping that the cells can be made from someone's own skin to treat a disease. (healthline.com)
  • Scientists at Duke University Medical Center in North Carolina say the reason of all these problems may be one specific gene, which is responsible for controlling the way in which cells grow. (irfi.org)
  • In the light of this information, Congress could settle for less stringent restrictions on embryo cloning studies, which scientists favor. (irfi.org)
  • The unique properties of human stem cells have aroused considerable optimism about their potential as new pathways for alleviating human suffering caused by disease and injury. (edu.au)
  • 1. Cloning is an umbrella term traditionally used to describe different processes for duplicating biological material. (who.int)
  • Given that we have an efficiency of 1% cloning for livestock species and if only one in a thousand cells are viable then around 100,000 cells would need to be transferred. (wikiquote.org)
  • In addition to low success rates, cloned animals tend to have more compromised immune function and higher rates of infection, tumor growth, and other disorders. (wikiquote.org)
  • To date, all animal clones have experienced severe health problems in utero, at the time of birth and throughout life. (reasons.org)
  • Stem cell technology in humans derives from earlier and complementary work in animal studies. (edu.au)
  • However, if we think back to what actually happened to the animal - it died, even if from the cold, the cells in the body would have taken some time to freeze. (wikiquote.org)
  • This time lag would allow for breakdown of the cells, which normally happens when any animal dies. (wikiquote.org)
  • Pig organ size and physiology are comparable to that of humans. (reasons.org)
  • These cells can only serve a specific purpose in a particular organ. (healthline.com)
  • But in many animals other than humans, one of these genes is turned off. (irfi.org)
  • In this procedure, the nucleus of an egg cell is removed and replaced by the nucleus of a cell from another adult. (eurostemcell.org)
  • After being inserted into the egg, the adult cell nucleus is reprogrammed by the host cell. (eurostemcell.org)
  • Thus, e.g., leaving out certain human cloning techniques in a bill means that the bill will not ban the use of those forms of human cloning techniques -- and thus they will be allowed. (lifeissues.net)