• 2. Nuclear transfer is a technique used to duplicate genetic material by creating an embryo through the transfer and fusion of a diploid cell in an enucleated female oocyte.2 Cloning has a broader meaning than nuclear transfer as it also involves gene replication and natural or induced embryo splitting (see Annex 1). (who.int)
  • increased public sensitivity and awareness together with the development of national regulations of governance of human cloning and embryo research in general. (lifeissues.net)
  • An in-depth analysis aiming at re-defining this terminology according to the new developments in human embryo research would be highly beneficial . (lifeissues.net)
  • 3. National regulations of governance of human cloning and embryo research in general adopted so far confirm the convergence of views of the refusal to adopt legislation or guidelines permitting reproductive cloning , while they still show variations on the legitimacy of human cloning carried out as part of research agendas. (lifeissues.net)
  • In January, the company revealed that a promising bovine study confirmed their expectations that cloned embryo cells could be directed to grow a functioning organ. (wnd.com)
  • Therapeutic cloning, known as "clone and kill" because the embryo is not transplanted into a surrogate mother for development, is favored by many scientists. (wnd.com)
  • The human embryo is cloned, then used only for research or therapeutic treatments. (wnd.com)
  • The object of reproductive cloning is to implant the cloned embryo into a surrogate mother and permit the human child to develop. (wnd.com)
  • It is also our view that there are no sound reasons for treating the early-stage human embryo or cloned human embryo as anything special, or as having moral status greater than human somatic cells in tissue culture. (wikiquote.org)
  • During one recent meeting, scientists disagreed on such basic issues as whether it would be unethical for a human embryo to begin its development in an animal's womb, and whether a mouse would be better or worse off with a brain made of human neurons. (real-agenda.com)
  • But Macintosh argues, "Families built through [current] assisted reproductive technologies are stable and loving. (breakpoint.org)
  • Indeed, if we set aside objections that are grounded in genetic determinism, many of the offensive features of human cloning are identical to problems with procreation by more conventional means, including both old-fashioned procreation and assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs). (odu.edu)
  • 5. In 2001, France and Germany requested the United Nations General Assembly to develop international conventions on human reproductive cloning, therapeutic cloning and research on stem cells. (who.int)
  • In recent years, we have heard a lot of arguments in favor of therapeutic cloning, that is, cloning humans for medical purposes only. (breakpoint.org)
  • And so lawmakers claim that the government ought to ban reproductive cloning but allow-even encourage-therapeutic cloning, as if anyone could control what's done with the clone once produced. (breakpoint.org)
  • Robert P. Lanza of Advanced Cell Technology claimed his project is "proof of the principle that 'therapeutic cloning' can work. (wnd.com)
  • Therapeutic cloning, as distinct from reproductive cloning, will lead to unprecedented medical advances, say researchers. (wnd.com)
  • Sen. Sam Brownback, R-Kan., is the sponsor of a bill, S. 1899, that provides a comprehensive ban on human cloning, both "therapeutic" cloning and reproductive cloning. (wnd.com)
  • Can biotechnology firms claim genetically modified, or GM, human embryos as intellectual property rights? (wnd.com)
  • Will the World Trade Organization need to prepare for trade regulations governing human embryos? (wnd.com)
  • Action by various states, nations and international organizations was spurred by the November announcement by Massachusetts-based Advanced Cell Technology that it had successfully cloned human embryos. (wnd.com)
  • The use of the technique of nuclear transfer for reproduction of human beings is surrounded by strong ethical concerns and controversies and is considered a threat to human dignity. (who.int)
  • 2. Over the years, the international community has tried without success to build a consensus on an international convention against the reproductive cloning of human beings. (who.int)
  • 3. Creating awareness among ministries of health in the African Region will provide them with critical and relevant information on the reproductive cloning of human beings and its implications to the health status of the general population. (who.int)
  • 7. The WHO Regional Committee for Africa is invited to review this document for information and guidance concerning reproductive cloning of human beings. (who.int)
  • 3. Media reports on nuclear transfer are usually about one form, reproductive nuclear transfer, also known as reproductive cloning of human beings . (who.int)
  • In "Illegal Beings: Human Clones and the Law," Macintosh argues that opponents of human reproductive cloning are bigots, and she compares anti-cloning laws to anti-miscegenation laws that forbade blacks and whites from marrying. (breakpoint.org)
  • She doesn't deal with the most basic objection: You cannot argue that we must legally be allowed to clone human beings on the basis that they will be treated badly if they are illegally created. (breakpoint.org)
  • A United Nations ad hoc committee has opened discussions on the merits and morality of cloning human beings, addressing many new questions that arise when considering the impact of such practice. (wnd.com)
  • The first ever meeting of the Committee on an International Convention Against the Reproductive Cloning of Human Beings last week hosted national delegates and experts from Syria, Chile, Israel, Spain and the United States, among others. (wnd.com)
  • human beings have developed innovative technologies to treat and cure disease, to enhance human living conditions, and to protect or improve the environment. (jcpa.org)
  • Claims that you could clone individual treatments of human beings to treat common diseases like diabetes, suggests you need a huge supply of human eggs. (wikiquote.org)
  • The first day of debate provoked strong arguments both in favor of freedom of research and in favor of a ban on human cloning. (wnd.com)
  • In biology , cloning is the process of producing similar populations of genetically identical individuals that occurs in nature when organisms such as bacteria , insects or plants reproduce asexually . (wikiquote.org)
  • Developments in biotechnology have raised new concerns about animal welfare, as farm animals now have their genomes modified (genetically engineered) or copied (cloned) to propagate certain traits useful to agribusiness, such as meat yield or feed conversion. (wikiquote.org)
  • In 15 years of research I have not been able to get a significant grasp on what genetically engineering humans, fish, soy, corn, milk and other products could mean for humankind. (real-agenda.com)
  • Many nations oppose human reproductive cloning as "inherently unethical. (wnd.com)
  • Cloning in biotechnology refers to processes used to create copies of DNA fragments ( molecular cloning ), cells (cell cloning), or organisms . (wikiquote.org)
  • It is quite possible that the advances in human biology in the remainder of the twentieth century will be remembered as the most significant scientific achievement of the animal species known as Homo sapiens . (lifeissues.net)
  • A ABSTRACT Modern advances in human genetic and reproductive technologies are among the recent developments disturbing the balance between the spiritual and the material components of life. (who.int)
  • WHA50.37 of 1997 argues that human cloning is ethically unacceptable and contrary to human integrity and morality. (who.int)
  • In the meantime, she argues, a ban on cloning will have helped build prejudice against clones. (breakpoint.org)
  • Families developed through current reproductive technologies don't result in an adult raising his or her own sibling as if that sibling were an offspring. (breakpoint.org)
  • A recent UNESCO draft document, although rather vague and deficient in itself, probably does the best job of at least initially identifying and describing some of these new reproductive technologies in relatively simple form, with a few generalized helpful sketches online. (lifeissues.net)
  • Bujold's Ethan of Athos (1986) and her entire Miles Vorskogian series, set in the same universe, also feature genetic engineering, cloning, and other reproductive technologies. (sjgames.com)
  • WHA50.37, which states "the use of cloning for the replication of human individuals is ethically unacceptable and contrary to human integrity and morality. (who.int)
  • But in order to become a part of medical history, parahuman reproduction and human genetic engineering must circumvent the recalcitrance of an antiquated culture. (lifeissues.net)
  • General Assembly the adoption of a declaration on human cloning by which Member States were called upon to prohibit all forms of human cloning inasmuch as they are incompatible with human dignity and the protection of human life. (who.int)
  • This technique is surrounded by strong ethical concerns and is considered a threat to human dignity. (who.int)
  • As my colleague Nigel Cameron at the Center for Bioethics and Human Dignity told PBS, "We're moving into a whole redefinition of the way in which children and parents relate, because children become people whom we can design, rather than if they just come to us as gifts. (breakpoint.org)
  • Considered contrary to the moral law, since (it is in) opposition to the dignity both of human procreation and of the conjugal union. (wikiquote.org)
  • Britain last week reported that six couples have applied for permission to create "designer babies" whose genetic make-up would be the best match for a transplant needed by a sibling. (wnd.com)
  • A clone is an organism that is a genetic copy of an existing one. (who.int)
  • Stem cell research is, in part, a quest to understand cellular differentiation, the process by which a human being develops from one fertilized cell into a multicellular organism composed of over 200 different cell types - for example muscle, nerve, blood cell, or kidney. (jcpa.org)
  • But what is not getting such wide reporting is the use of pluripotent stem cells (as well as many other types of cells and genetic engineering techniques) for reproductive purposes . (lifeissues.net)
  • Contrary to popular belief, stem cells are present in the human body throughout life and are found in many adult organs. (jcpa.org)
  • Oddly enough, many see only cloning as problematic, whereas identical problems with everyday procreation continue to go unnoticed. (odu.edu)
  • In addition to low success rates, cloned animals tend to have more compromised immune function and higher rates of infection, tumor growth, and other disorders. (wikiquote.org)
  • 5. Most countries in the African Region have no specific regulations and policies governing genetic manipulations for assisted conception, treatment and research. (who.int)
  • Because the Sontarans are clones, that's how they reproduce. (doctorwho.tv)
  • Furthermore, there are initiatives to promote its deregulation and to create legislation to exempt genetic engineering from all oversight. (real-agenda.com)
  • Besides sequence type (ST) 1, the serotype 2 cluster included ST7, which caused severe human infections in China in 1998 and 2005. (cdc.gov)
  • Another sequence type of serotype 2, ST7, was responsible for major S. suis epidemics among humans in 1998 and 2005 in China ( 12 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Given that we have an efficiency of 1% cloning for livestock species and if only one in a thousand cells are viable then around 100,000 cells would need to be transferred. (wikiquote.org)
  • My question regarding genetic engineering deregulation was then: What would happen if scientists who are provided with unlimited money and resources have no legal liability to realize their experiments cloning humans and literally engineering new species? (real-agenda.com)
  • So, hundreds of companies and governments are free to carry out genetic experiments in thousands of laboratories, mixing genes from several species, and are completely free to put it in food and water supplies across the planet with no oversight. (real-agenda.com)
  • A speculative taxonomy of future human sub-species. (sjgames.com)
  • Similarly, when the fertilized egg divides from two cells into four cells, each of these four cells has the potential to individually form a human fetus. (jcpa.org)
  • A blastocyst (cloned or not), because it lacks any trace of a nervous system, has no capacity for suffering or conscious experience in any form - the special properties that, in our view, spell the difference between biological tissue and a human life worthy of respect and rights. (wikiquote.org)
  • When I set out to write this article my first challenge was how to present the information in a concise, yet shocking enough to wake up people who still believe that cloning humans for organ harvesting, splicing animal and human genes and making food out of human DNA or tissue is just science fiction. (real-agenda.com)
  • Transgenic animal-human hybrids are exploited in a society utterly transformed by biotech. (sjgames.com)
  • Reproductive cloning in animals has a 3-8 percent success rate. (wnd.com)
  • It happens in the natural world with plants and fungi, and humans have made it happen with animals. (doctorwho.tv)
  • The committee is expected to "define a negotiation mandate" for a possible treaty to ban human reproductive cloning. (wnd.com)
  • The United States Senate Judiciary Committee also is reviewing the human cloning issue. (wnd.com)
  • 1. Cloning is an umbrella term traditionally used to describe different processes for duplicating biological material. (who.int)
  • An underground "human hive" transformed by centuries of eugenic modification is discovered by the government. (sjgames.com)
  • In order to better appreciate the role of stem cell research in reproductive medicine, there is a need to understand the critical biological principles of stem cell research and its potential applications to medicine. (jcpa.org)
  • While there is a great deal published on the potential medical applications of stem cell research to treat or cure diseases such as diabetes, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, cancer, and heart disease, much less has been published on the future impact of stem cell research in reproductive medicine. (jcpa.org)
  • In the March 2006 issue of EMBO reports, Christof Tannert, a bioethicist at the Max Delbrück Research Centre in Berlin, Germany, presented a moral argument against human reproductive cloning on the basis of Immanuel Kant's categorical imperative (Tannert, 2006). (odu.edu)
  • This paper gives an Islamic perspective on some of these advances, including abortion, in vitro fertilization, genetic engineering, cloning and stem cell research. (who.int)
  • I thought then, that the most appealing way to start off was to simply provide the headlines of some of the articles and documents I found during my research process, so that the readers had an immediate notion of what genetic engineering really means and how it affects them directly now and how it will affect them in the future. (real-agenda.com)
  • If you cannot or do not want to get into the heavy research, I am about to give you a detailed report on the state of genetic engineering, human-animal cloning and gene splicing. (real-agenda.com)
  • Streptococcus suis is a pathogen associated with severe diseases in pigs and humans. (cdc.gov)
  • A clone would be the genetic twin of the person from whom he or she was cloned. (breakpoint.org)
  • What is the legal status of a cloned person who has no parents, guardians or advocates? (wnd.com)
  • The Doctor's very own daughter, created by rearranging his genetic template into an entirely new person! (doctorwho.tv)
  • Clone havens," modeled on tax havens, will develop unless a harmonized global policy is adopted, cautioned Leonardo de Castro, chair of the Department of Philosophy at the University of the Philippines. (wnd.com)
  • Cloning is the process of producing individuals with virtually indistinguishable DNA. (doctorwho.tv)
  • But if no one is interested in reproductive cloning, how do we explain a recent book by Santa Clara University Law School professor Kerry Lynn Macintosh? (breakpoint.org)
  • Reproductive cloning is expensive and highly inefficient. (wikiquote.org)
  • On top of the fact genetic engineering is literally compared with "Playing God" with the building blocks of life, you should know that this widely exercised practice is almost completely unregulated. (real-agenda.com)
  • Does a cloned human being have equal rights to the protections listed in various United Nations documents, beginning with the Universal Declaration of Human Rights? (wnd.com)
  • How should nations respond to the bio-industrialization of human life? (wnd.com)
  • Even if you don't have a religious view of the sanctity of life, you have to ask is there going to be a massive trade in human eggs from poor women to rich countries. (wikiquote.org)
  • Reproductive cloning is defended as a means of providing children for infertile couples or for homosexual pairs. (wnd.com)
  • The development of the human blood-CSF-brain barrier. (cdc.gov)
  • Thus, the human clones who are born will face a society that treats them as "a suspect class" and routinely discriminates against them. (breakpoint.org)
  • Reproductive cloning that would result in live births, we're told, is something no one wants. (breakpoint.org)
  • Turns out, the Human/Hath war was advancing so quickly, both sides needed a fast way of making new troops and turned to alternative reproductive methods as a result. (doctorwho.tv)
  • France and Germany originally proposed that human reproductive cloning be banned under a treaty to be negotiated at the U.N. (wnd.com)
  • The emergence of this clone threatens the successful treatment of S. suis infection. (cdc.gov)
  • Human infection is acquired through occupational contact or ingestion of undercooked pork-derived products and is associated with meningitis, endocarditis, septicemia, deafness, and death ( 5 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Of note, despite the increased frequency of pig infections caused by serotype 9, the first human case of serotype 9 infection was documented in Thailand in 2015 ( 13 ). (cdc.gov)
  • It's important to note that in the present day, reproductive science hasn't advanced this far. (doctorwho.tv)