Cloning for fetal fetal clone cells. Medical search. Frequent questions

The heated debate in our society over reproductive cloning, as well as therapeutic cloning to obtain embryonic stem cells, has been fueled by misconceptions and hyperbole on both sides. (flfamily.org)
In order to better appreciate the role of stem cell research in reproductive medicine, there is a need to understand the critical biological principles of stem cell research and its potential applications to medicine. (jcpa.org)
While there is a great deal published on the potential medical applications of stem cell research to treat or cure diseases such as diabetes, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, cancer, and heart disease, much less has been published on the future impact of stem cell research in reproductive medicine. (jcpa.org)
But what is not getting such wide reporting is the use of pluripotent stem cells (as well as many other types of cells and genetic engineering techniques) for reproductive purposes . (lifeissues.net)
3. National regulations of governance of human cloning and embryo research in general adopted so far confirm the convergence of views of the refusal to adopt legislation or guidelines permitting reproductive cloning , while they still show variations on the legitimacy of human cloning carried out as part of research agendas. (lifeissues.net)
Reproductive cloning is expensive and highly inefficient. (wikiquote.org)
Cloning technology, however, is perceived as having the potential for reproductive cloning, which raises serious ethical and moral concerns. (who.int)
Reproductive cloning versus germ cell (egg, ovum). (who.int)

Pro-cloning forces have been working hard to convince state governments to pass constitutional amendments enshrining a "right" to clone and to destroy embryos for research. (flfamily.org)
I've been working with mammalian embryos for over 40 years, with some work in my lab specifically focusing on various methods of cloning cattle and other livestock species. (wptv.com)
Sometimes the process of cloning by somatic cell nuclear transfer still produces abnormal embryos, most of which die. (wptv.com)
The somatic cell and the oocyte is then fused (f) and the embryos is allowed to develop to a blastocyst in vitro (g). (biomedcentral.com)
Currently, the efficiency for nuclear transfer is between 0-10%, i.e., 0-10 live births after transfer of 100 cloned embryos. (biomedcentral.com)
The stem cells suits human needs, does not cause harm and can be obtained from both adult and fetal does not conflict with religious beliefs, it has tissues, umbilical cord and early embryos. (who.int)
Unicellular for those cells that are derived from human organisms are primed to replicate (clone) pre-embryos, which seem to have a high themselves by nature. (who.int)

Ham′s F12 + 2mM Glutamine + 10% Foetal Bovine Serum (FBS). (sigmaaldrich.com)
Opinions differ as to whether those breast cancers supplemented by 10% fetal bovine serum, penicillin, and streptomycin. (lu.se)

Most researchers obtain embryonic stem cells from the inner mass of a blastocyst, an embryonic stage when a fertilized egg has divided into 128 cells. (jcpa.org)

Somatic cell cloning (cloning or nuclear transfer) is a technique in which the nucleus (DNA) of a somatic cell is transferred into an enucleated metaphase-II oocyte for the generation of a new individual, genetically identical to the somatic cell donor (Figure 1 ). (biomedcentral.com)

As the fertilized egg divides from one cell into two, physicians can separate these two cells and implant each one of them into a woman's uterus to generate two genetically identical children. (jcpa.org)
When the one-cell embryo duplicates its genetic material, both cells of the now two-cell embryo are genetically identical. (wptv.com)
When they in turn duplicate their genetic material, each cell at the four-cell stage is genetically identical. (wptv.com)
Even while clones are genetically identical, their phenotypes - the characteristics they express - will be different. (wptv.com)
In biology , cloning is the process of producing similar populations of genetically identical individuals that occurs in nature when organisms such as bacteria , insects or plants reproduce asexually . (wikiquote.org)

In particular, scientific developments in areas such as iPS cells open new possibilities of research and, at mid term, of therapeutic applications, but they also bring new ethical challenges and problems requiring further reflection and debate. (lifeissues.net)
Therapeutic cloning possesses enormous potential for revolutionizing medical and thera- peutic techniques. (who.int)
This is therapeutic cloning. (who.int)
This cell then has therapeutic cloning: the global the capacity to divide and grow into an exact replica of the original from whom the debate somatic cell was taken. (who.int)

Dolly demonstrated that adult somatic cells also could be used as parents. (wptv.com)
It is also our view that there are no sound reasons for treating the early-stage human embryo or cloned human embryo as anything special, or as having moral status greater than human somatic cells in tissue culture. (wikiquote.org)
Cloning by nuclear transfer using mammalian somatic cells has enormous potential application. (biomedcentral.com)

Paul Wagle, M.A., discusses his experience with a life-saving adult stem cell treatment, and the importance of promoting ethical approaches to medical research. (flfamily.org)
Contrary to popular belief, stem cells are present in the human body throughout life and are found in many adult organs. (jcpa.org)
It's been 20 years since scientists in Scotland told the world about Dolly the sheep , the first mammal successfully cloned from an adult body cell. (wptv.com)
What was special about Dolly is that her "parents" were actually a single cell originating from mammary tissue of an adult ewe. (wptv.com)
This pattern goes on so that each of the trillions of cells in an adult is genetically exactly the same - whether it's in a lung or a bone or the blood. (wptv.com)

These germ cells are the only ones in the body that have their genetic material all jumbled up and in half the quantity of every other kind of cell. (wptv.com)
This paper outlines the debates prompted through a reproduction mechanism involv- by progress in cloning research, with special ing male and female germ cells. (who.int)

Fetal Tissue Research: Antiquated and Unethical? (flfamily.org)
Policymakers have the opportunity to hear expert witnesses attest to amazing scientific advancements and discoveries using ethical alternatives to fetal tissue. (flfamily.org)
If there are intact cells in this tissue they have been 'stored' frozen. (wikiquote.org)
A blastocyst (cloned or not), because it lacks any trace of a nervous system, has no capacity for suffering or conscious experience in any form - the special properties that, in our view, spell the difference between biological tissue and a human life worthy of respect and rights. (wikiquote.org)
One of the greatest controversies triggered tissue, a stem cell encoding for heart tissue by the rapid pace of evolution in biology, will eventually develop into heart tissue particularly in genomics and biotechnology, and so on. (who.int)

The predominant bioethical concern arising from this technology is that the blastocyt-stage embryo must be destroyed in the process of isolating and separating the embryonic stem cells from the inner mass region of the pre-embryo. (jcpa.org)
The destruction of the pre-embryo has been the critical issue in the U.S. behind imposing limits on federal government-sponsored research in embryonic stem cells. (jcpa.org)
increased public sensitivity and awareness together with the development of national regulations of governance of human cloning and embryo research in general. (lifeissues.net)
But there was no way to easily know all the characteristics of the animal that would result from a cloned embryo or fetus. (wptv.com)
Although the efficiency of nuclear transfer has been dramatically improved from the initial success rate of one live clone born from 277 embryo transfers [ 1 ], none of the aforementioned efforts abolished the common problems associated with nuclear transfer. (biomedcentral.com)

The stem cells derived from the inner mass of a blastocyst lack the ability to form a fetus when implanted into a woman, but are self-renewing and can be maintained for long periods of time in the laboratory as undifferentiated stem cells. (jcpa.org)
The blastocyst can then be transferred to a recipient (h) and cloned animals are born after completion of gestation (i). (biomedcentral.com)

Given that we have an efficiency of 1% cloning for livestock species and if only one in a thousand cells are viable then around 100,000 cells would need to be transferred. (wikiquote.org)

This policy is similar to that of other countries, including Israel, where scientists are funded by Government to study embryonic stem cells despite the aforementioned bioethical issue. (jcpa.org)

It was initiated from a malignant gestational choriocarcinoma of the foetal placenta. (sigmaaldrich.com)

However, somatic cloning has been inefficient in all species in which live clones have been produced. (biomedcentral.com)

1990. Cell replication and unscheduled DNA synthesis (UDS) activity of low molecular weight chlorinated paraffins in the rat liver in vivo. (cdc.gov)

Using TCR alpha and beta repertoire sequencing for T-cell subsets, as well as single-cell RNAseq and TCRseq, we track the concentrations and phenotypes of individual T-cell clones in response to primary and secondary yellow fever immunization - the model for acute infection in humans - showing their large diversity. (elifesciences.org)

As an example, Vector NTI identifies restriction sites in a plasmid, which works well for the more traditional methods of assembling DNA, such as PCR, but Hillson notes that newer tools like SLIC and the Gibson method don't use restriction enzymes or multiple cloning sites in their protocols. (genomeweb.com)
B)The use of BACs reduces the frequency with which specific genes will be cut within the coding region by restriction enzymes and divided up among two or more clones. (easynotecards.com)

it's highly variable, though, depending on the cell type used and the species. (wptv.com)
Because cattle are a species widely used for nuclear transfer studies, and more laboratories have succeeded in cloning cattle than any other specie, this review will be focused on somatic cell cloning of cattle. (biomedcentral.com)

Developmental defects, including abnormalities in cloned fetuses and placentas, in addition to high rates of pregnancy loss and neonatal death have been encountered by every research team studying somatic cloning. (biomedcentral.com)

Cloning in biotechnology refers to processes used to create copies of DNA fragments ( molecular cloning ), cells (cell cloning), or organisms . (wikiquote.org)

Dolly was an exact genetic copy of that sheep - a clone. (wptv.com)
In fact, one of the coauthors of the paper announcing Dolly worked in our laboratory for three years prior to going to Scotland to help create the famous clone. (wptv.com)
Dolly was an important milestone, inspiring scientists to continue improving cloning technology as well as to pursue new concepts in stem cell research. (wptv.com)
In contrast, Dolly was produced by what's called somatic cell nuclear transfer. (wptv.com)
Dolly was the culmination of hundreds of cloning experiments that, for example, showed diploid embryonic and fetal cells could be parents of offspring. (wptv.com)
By my calculations, Dolly was the single success from 277 tries at somatic cell nuclear transfer. (wptv.com)

A)BACs carry DNA fragments much larger than plasmids or phages and greatly minimize the number of clones needed to make up the genomic library. (easynotecards.com)

Similarly, when the fertilized egg divides from two cells into four cells, each of these four cells has the potential to individually form a human fetus. (jcpa.org)
However, by the time the fertilized egg divides into 8 or 16 cells something changes and each respective cell, if separated, no longer has the potential to create a fetus. (jcpa.org)
When the cloning initiates a cell is placed in a artificial womb and grows into a fetus (simple enough). (stackexchange.com)

Every time that you are cloning a different enzyme or gene, you might have to use a different pair of restriction sites," he said. (genomeweb.com)
Human BeWo cell line has been used to study the effects of Δ-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC) on the proliferation and gene transcription in the BeWo trophoblast cell line. (sigmaaldrich.com)

Stem cell research is, in part, a quest to understand cellular differentiation, the process by which a human being develops from one fertilized cell into a multicellular organism composed of over 200 different cell types - for example muscle, nerve, blood cell, or kidney. (jcpa.org)
In 2009, in a major reversal of U.S. policy, President Obama signed an executive order pledging to "vigorously support" embryonic stem cell research. (jcpa.org)

Cells which lack ER expression at diagnosis arise from an ER compart- were harvested at 60 - 80% confluency and used as a reference in all hybrid- ment within the mammary epithelium or represent evolution from an izations. (lu.se)

Developments in biotechnology have raised new concerns about animal welfare, as farm animals now have their genomes modified (genetically engineered) or copied (cloned) to propagate certain traits useful to agribusiness, such as meat yield or feed conversion. (wikiquote.org)

It is still poorly understood how and which benign pleomorphic adenoma cells transform into its malignant form, carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma. (biomedcentral.com)
Although pathologists in their daily services of surgical pathology had recognized such singular atypical cells in pleomorphic adenomas, these atypical cells were not always regarded as evidence or the source for malignant transformation [ 4 - 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

BT-474 cells, obtained expression of the receptor has important implications for their biology from American Type Culture Collection, were maintained in RPMI 1640 and therapy (1). (lu.se)

In this process, researchers remove the genetic material from an egg and replace it with the nucleus of some other body cell. (wptv.com)
When the nucleus of a stem cell has been the technique of cloning. (who.int)
The con- is removed and replaced by a nucleus of cept of human cloning has long been in the another cell type, the stem cell will then imagination of many scientists, scholars and be reprogrammed to produce the product fiction writers [ 1 ]. (who.int)
The basic techniques of of the implanted nucleus, when it fully cloning have been known for some time, and develops. (who.int)

In addition to making sure researchers end up with the plasmid they want and generating large combinatorial libraries, j5 addresses "all the considerations of traditional multiple cloning site technology. (genomeweb.com)

T-cells play a crucial role in the immune response to pathogens by mediating antibody formation and clearance of infected cells, and by defining an overall response strategy. (elifesciences.org)

if a desirable animal was produced, they could thaw the frozen cells and make more copies. (wptv.com)

Tissues and Cells. (lu.se)

The resulting diverse naïve repertoire contains T-cell clones that recognize epitopes of yet unseen pathogens, and can participate in the immune response to infection or vaccination. (elifesciences.org)

More than 90% of cloning attempts fail to produce viable offspring. (wikiquote.org)
Various strategies have been employed to modify donor cells and the nuclear transfer procedure in attempts to improve the efficiency of nuclear transfer. (biomedcentral.com)

According to Hillson, the difficulty with traditional cloning approaches is that they aren't "standardized," which he argues would make things much easier and far less complicated. (genomeweb.com)

In addition, specific proteins or biological substances can be added to these stem cell cultures to transform them in the laboratory into a large variety of specialized cell types, such as nerve, liver, muscle, bone, and blood cells. (jcpa.org)
However, it appears that the ability of the In its simplest form, cloning is defined stem cells to transform is limited, except as the exact replication of cells. (who.int)

The Joint BioEnergy Institute said this week that it is looking for companies that are interested in licensing and marketing j5, a software package that automates the process of cloning DNA. (genomeweb.com)
These developmental defects have been attributed to incomplete reprogramming of the somatic nuclei by the cloning process. (biomedcentral.com)
Schematic diagram of the somatic cloning process. (biomedcentral.com)

We need to separate the facts from the popular fictions about human cloning. (flfamily.org)
The first human, trophoblastic endocrine cell type to be maintained in continuous culture. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Claims that you could clone individual treatments of human beings to treat common diseases like diabetes, suggests you need a huge supply of human eggs. (wikiquote.org)
This inability to learn will not just cause a different version of a person, but, depending on the stage of child development at which it occurs, will break the clone to the point where their brain is barely human. (stackexchange.com)
So long as this form of cloning (non-human) in different culture media. (who.int)
Human CMV grows only in human cells and replicates best in human fibroblasts. (medscape.com)

The diverse repertoire of T-cell receptors (TCR) plays a key role in the adaptive immune response to infections. (elifesciences.org)
In addition to low success rates, cloned animals tend to have more compromised immune function and higher rates of infection, tumor growth, and other disorders. (wikiquote.org)

The specificity of T-cells is determined by the T-cell receptor (TCR), a heterodimer of alpha and beta protein chains. (elifesciences.org)

CLI's Vice President and Research Director, Dr. David Prentice, recently joined Molly Smith, host of From the Median, to explain the science, history, and politics of stem cells. (flfamily.org)
The use of various types of stem cells for research purposes to make disease "models" in the lab for regenerative medicine and for "therapies" to cure sick patients for diseases is constantly in the news. (lifeissues.net)

Cells are collected from donor (a) and cultured in vitro (b). (biomedcentral.com)
This study demonstrates in vitro that certain cell types from pleomorphic adenoma are able to clone and survive over a long term and develop subcutaneous tumors in nude mice. (biomedcentral.com)

He explained that there are multiple methods for cloning DNA. (genomeweb.com)

However, if we think back to what actually happened to the animal - it died, even if from the cold, the cells in the body would have taken some time to freeze. (wikiquote.org)
This time lag would allow for breakdown of the cells, which normally happens when any animal dies. (wikiquote.org)
When all the data have been transferred (the clone is around 25 years old at this time) the clone is born for real. (stackexchange.com)

In addition, they had ductal arrangements or plasmacytoid appearances of tumor cells and myxoid or hyaline stromata, indicating some characteristics of pleomorphic adenoma. (biomedcentral.com)

Cellular differentiation begins with the fertilized egg which serves as the identifying characteristic of an embryonic stem cell. (jcpa.org)
Cellular differentiation of this stem cell type occurs when hormonal precursors are added to the medium. (sigmaaldrich.com)

Transplanted cells in nude mice formed subcutaneous tumors, which had histological features of squamous cell carcinoma with apparent keratinizing tendencies. (biomedcentral.com)

The histological features of squamous cell carcinoma from the transplanted cell systems in nude mice might suggest a secondary onset of malignancy from a pre-existing benign adenoma. (biomedcentral.com)

High abortion and fetal mortality rates are commonly observed. (biomedcentral.com)

Thus, one could know the characteristics of the animal being cloned. (wptv.com)

More than 100 nuclear transfer procedures could be required to produce one viable clone. (wikiquote.org)

Anatomy24

Organisms28

Diseases3

Chemicals and Drugs65

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment42

Phenomena and Processes92

Disciplines and Occupations1

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena1

Technology, Industry, Agriculture2

Information Science4

Health Care3

Reproductive8

Embryos7

Bovine Serum2

Obtain embryonic stem1

Transferred into an enucleated1

Genetically identical5

Therapeutic4

Somatic cells3

Adult5

Germ cells2

Tissue5

Embryo5

Blastocyst2

Livestock species1

Embryonic stem cells de1

Placenta1

Inefficient1

Synthesis1

Phenotypes1

Restriction enzymes2

Species2

Abnormalities1

Organisms1

Dolly6

Fragments1

Fetus3

Gene2

Stem Cell Res2

Mammary1

Genomes1

Malignant2

Biology1

Nucleus4

Researchers1

Antibody1

Copies1

Tissues1

Recognize1

Attempts2

Approaches1

Transform2

Process3

Human6

Immune2

Receptor1

Research2

Vitro2

Methods1

Time3

Addition1

Cellular2

Tumors1

Secondary1

Rates1

Characteristics1

Nuclear1