• The extracellular domain of CD6 is significantly related to the extracellular domain of the human and mouse T cell antigen CD5, the cysteine-rich domain of the bovine and mouse type I macrophage scavenger receptor, the extracellular domain of the sea urchin spermatozoa protein that crosslinks the egg peptide speract, the mammalian complement factor 1, and the human lung tumor antigen L3. (embl.de)
  • These B cells appear to be blocked at the antigen receptor-expressing stage of B cell differentiation and are thought not to undergo an isotype class switch to IgG or IgA production. (omicsdi.org)
  • When GTP is bound, for instance, Ras proteins can interact with effectors and other molecules to affect cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. (justia.com)
  • Subsequent differentiation allows for rear- analysis of a set of mouse B lineage cell lines rep- rangements of the Ig light-chain (IgL) genes that replace the resenting defined stages of B cell development us- surrogate light-chain genes on the surface of the B cell [8]. (lu.se)
  • Estimating the fraction of the T-cell response directed against the single immunodominant epitope, we identify the sequence features of TCRs that define the high precursor frequency of the two major TCR motifs specific for this particular epitope. (elifesciences.org)
  • Cloning and characterization of T cell receptors (TCRs) from responding T cells resulted in the identification of the two HLA-A*0201-restricted T cell epitopes CXorf61 66-74 and CXorf61 79-87 . (oncotarget.com)
  • It is now clear that the ability of T cells to promote an effective immune response depends on a large repertoire of unique T-cell receptors (TCRs) generated and selected in the thymus. (frontiersin.org)
  • These isotype-switched CLL B cells expressed surface HLA-DR, CD19, CD23, and CD5, and displayed no alterations of the bcl-1 and bcl-2 oncogenes and the p53 tumor-suppressor gene. (omicsdi.org)
  • They also suggest that Ag may play a role in the clonal selection of some of these isotype-switched leukemic cells, but bcl-1 and bcl-2 oncogene rearrangements and p53 tumor suppressor gene mutation are not associated with the pathogenesis of isotype-switched CLLs. (omicsdi.org)
  • Background Adoptive cell therapy (ACT) with tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) is a promising immunotherapeutic approach for patients with advanced solid tumors. (bmj.com)
  • CD4 + TIL demonstrated an effector T cell response with cytotoxicity toward autologous tumor in a major histocompatibility complex class II-dependent manner. (bmj.com)
  • Conclusions Despite methods which often focus on CD8+T cells, our study supports the importance of prospective identification of neoantigen-specific CD4 + T cells within TIL products as they are a potent source of tumor-specific effectors. (bmj.com)
  • 53% of TNBC patients express this antigen in at least 30% of their tumor cells. (oncotarget.com)
  • Recent clinical evidence suggests that high serum levels of the tumor‑produced mucin 16 (MUC16) and cancer antigen 125 (CA125) have a negative impact on the effectiveness of RTX clinical activity in up to 40% of patients with follicular lymphoma. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • The present study demonstrated that CA125 could bind to RTX and reduce its tumor cell killing activity. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • These changes are thought to lead to tumor-microenvironment interactions via factors secreted by stromal or epithelial cells in response to lymphoma cell-produced cytokines ( 7 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • The cDNA VH-D-JH gene sequence was joined with that of the C alpha gene in the B cells of the three IgA CLLs, and with that of the C gamma gene in the IgG CLL B cells. (omicsdi.org)
  • In the IgA/IgG-coexpressing CLL B cells, identical VH-D-JH cDNA sequences were spliced to either C alpha or C gamma genes. (omicsdi.org)
  • The isolation, characterization, and expression of a full-length cDNA encoding the human T cell glycoprotein CD6 is described. (embl.de)
  • Macrophage scavenger receptors are integral membrane proteins whose ability to bind and degrade modified LDL has implicated them in the process of atherosclerotic foam cell formation. (embl.de)
  • The lymphocyte glycoprotein CD6 contains a repeated domain structure characteristic of a new family of cell surface and secreted proteins. (embl.de)
  • This work identifies Drosophila S2 cells as a clinically-relevant platform suited for the production of 'difficult-to-make' proteins from Plasmodium parasites, and identifies a PfRH5 sequence variant that can be used for clinical production of a non-glycosylated, soluble full-length protein vaccine immunogen. (nature.com)
  • The most persuasive roles for HSV and HCMV in human tumourigenesis are as mutagens, as activators of cellular transcription or in switching on the synthesis of host cell proteins not normally expressed in untransformed cells. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Cells infected with this recombinant virus (gG-VAC) synthesized glycosylated proteins of 48K, 57K and 61K mol. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • proteins in HSV-1-infected cells. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Thus, existing techniques and current knowledge have not used nor addressed the interactions of GEF-H1 with other proteins as a means by which cell proliferation can be controlled or the detection and treatment of cancerous, tumorigenic cells and tissues be developed. (justia.com)
  • To reduce the risk of analyzing cell line- pathway can be divided into distinct stages based on the specific features, we used several representative cell lines for recombination status of the Ig genes and on the expression each of four major stages in B cell development: pro-B, pre-B, pattern of surface markers and the presence of intracellular proteins [1- 6]. (lu.se)
  • The diverse repertoire of T-cell receptors (TCR) plays a key role in the adaptive immune response to infections. (elifesciences.org)
  • Using TCR alpha and beta repertoire sequencing for T-cell subsets, as well as single-cell RNAseq and TCRseq, we track the concentrations and phenotypes of individual T-cell clones in response to primary and secondary yellow fever immunization - the model for acute infection in humans - showing their large diversity. (elifesciences.org)
  • The resulting diverse naïve repertoire contains T-cell clones that recognize epitopes of yet unseen pathogens, and can participate in the immune response to infection or vaccination. (elifesciences.org)
  • Sequencing of the T-cell receptors of the OspA reactive clones showed significant skewing of the T-cell receptor repertoire. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Drug and Chemical Allergy: A Role for a Specific Naive T-Cell Repertoire? (frontiersin.org)
  • On the other hand, a large T-cell repertoire found in multiple donors would underline the potential of a drug/chemical to be recognized by many donors. (frontiersin.org)
  • These observations may also suggest that in the case of drug/chemical allergy, the T-cell repertoire results from particular properties of certain TCR to recognize hapten-modified peptides without need for previous thymic selection. (frontiersin.org)
  • The aim of this review is to address the existence and the role of a naive T-cell repertoire in drug and chemical allergy. (frontiersin.org)
  • However, attention has recently turned to the naive T-cell repertoire, since it may largely determine the efficacy of the induced immune response ( 22 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • The overall outcome of the thymic selection is the maintenance of a T-cell repertoire that has sufficient, but not too strong, affinity for any self-pMHC complex ( 29 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Here we show the features of repertoire diversity and the gene expression profile of HLA-A24 cytomegalovirus-specific cytotoxic T-cells in actual recipients according to the cytomegalovirus reactivation pattern. (nature.com)
  • Southern blot analysis of T-cell receptor genes from parapsoriasis does not identify a dominant clone of T cells. (medscape.com)
  • The immunoglobulin (Ig) variable region (V) genes expressed by IgM chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) B cells display little or no somatic mutations. (omicsdi.org)
  • Lack of intraclonal diversification in Ig heavy and light chain V region genes expressed by CD5+IgM+ chronic lymphocytic leukemia B cells: a multiple time point analysis. (omicsdi.org)
  • Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is any breast cancer that does not express the genes for estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and Her2/neu [ 1 ]. (oncotarget.com)
  • A skewed preference for BV7 genes and sequential "G" amino acids motif is observed in complementarity-determining region-3 of T cell receptor-β. (nature.com)
  • An individual T-cell has a specific complementarity-determining region 3 (CDR3) of T cell receptor (TCR)-α and -β, which is a result of the recombination of somatic TCR V-(D)-J genes and junction diversity. (nature.com)
  • Genotypic pattern observed in small plaque parapsoriasis is similar to that observed in chronic dermatitis, and the pattern of clonality of T cells is consistent with the response of a specific subset of T cells that have been stimulated by an antigen. (medscape.com)
  • Complete sequencing of both alpha and beta chains of a subset of clones showed that at least two distinct T-cell clones were expanded in vivo. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Cloning of a novel bacteria-binding receptor structurally related to scavenger receptors and expressed in a subset of macrophages. (embl.de)
  • Due to the artificial nature of drug/chemical-T-cell epitopes, it is not clear whether thymic selection of drug/chemical-specific T cells is a common phenomenon or remains limited to few donors or simply does not exist, suggesting T-cell receptor (TCR) cross-reactivity with other antigens. (frontiersin.org)
  • The identification of lymphocytes as the main cell type responsible for both cellular and humoral immunity started in the early 1950s with the emergence of cell culture techniques. (frontiersin.org)
  • The CD8 antigen is a cell surface glycoprotein found on most cytotoxic T lymphocytes that mediates efficient cell-cell interactions within the immune system. (wikidoc.org)
  • Small plaque parapsoriasis likely is a reactive process of predominantly CD4 + T cells. (medscape.com)
  • Multiple dominant clones can be detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of T-cell receptor gene usage, which supports a reactive process. (medscape.com)
  • immature cell is then subjected to negative selection to delete grouped based on their previously defined pheno- self-reactive cells before it leaves the BM to enter peripheral typic features, and a gene expression pattern for lymphoid organs, where it becomes a mature B cell [9]. (lu.se)
  • The cellular data indicate that B cells with lesser amounts of surface membrane IgD and higher IgM/IgD ratios are more likely to undergo this switching process. (omicsdi.org)
  • Collectively, these data suggest that not all members of a B-CLL clone are frozen at the surface membrane Ig-expressing stage of B cell maturation, and that some members can switch to the production of non-IgM isotypes. (omicsdi.org)
  • A panel of CD4 T-cell clones was isolated from synovial fluid by single cell flow cytometry from a patient with treatment-resistant Lyme arthritis using a DRB1*0401 major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II tetramer covalently loaded with outer surface protein A (OspA) peptide164-175, an immunodominant epitope of Borrelia burgdorferi. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The coding sequences of the hepatitis B virus surface antigen were inserted into a baculovirus transfer vector produced from Autographa califomica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (AcNPV) so that the foreign gene was under the control of the AcNPV polyhedrin promoter. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • RNA blot hybridization analysis indicates that CD6 transcripts are predominantly restricted to cells in the T lineage. (embl.de)
  • Results We discovered that neoantigen-specific TIL clones were predominantly CD4 + T cells and were present in both therapeutic responders and non-responders. (bmj.com)
  • T-cells play a crucial role in the immune response to pathogens by mediating antibody formation and clearance of infected cells, and by defining an overall response strategy. (elifesciences.org)
  • Furthermore, by in vitro priming of human CD8+ T cells derived from a healthy donor recognizing CXorf61 66-74 we were able to induce a strong antigen-specific immune response and clone a human TCR recognizing this epitope. (oncotarget.com)
  • Allergic reactions to drugs and chemicals are mediated by an adaptive immune response involving specific T cells. (frontiersin.org)
  • Most studies have focused on the identification of memory T cells that recognize drugs/chemicals and the insights obtained have led to the development of allergy diagnostic tests ( 7 - 21 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • The CD8 antigen, acting as a coreceptor, and the T-cell receptor on the T lymphocyte recognize antigen displayed by an antigen presenting cell (APC) in the context of class I MHC molecules. (wikidoc.org)
  • On the other hand, T cells constitute the main pathogenic effector cells in delayed hypersensitivity reactions ( 4 - 6 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Here, the utility of OX40, a costimulatory molecule mainly expressed on activated effector T cells known to play an important role in eliminating cancer cells, was evaluated as a PET imaging biomarker to quantify and track response to immunotherapy. (aacrjournals.org)
  • The mechanisms of action by which RTX kills FL cells include complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) ( 3 ), antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) ( 4 , 5 )-herein referred to as 'effector function' mechanisms-as well as CD20 signaling effects ( 6 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • A better understanding is likely to develop from further molecular characterization. (medscape.com)
  • Molecular characterization of IgA- and/or IgG-switched chronic lymphocytic leukemia B cells. (omicsdi.org)
  • The molecular data indicate that approximately 50% of B-CLL patients have amplifications of IgM+ B cells that undergo an isotype class switch. (omicsdi.org)
  • 1990. Cell replication and unscheduled DNA synthesis (UDS) activity of low molecular weight chlorinated paraffins in the rat liver in vivo. (cdc.gov)
  • The cytoplasmic domain of CD6 contains two serine residues, one or both of which are substrates for phosphorylation during T cell activation. (embl.de)
  • Involved in cell movement: localizes at the leading edge of moving cells in response to PDGF and is required for the formation of the leading edge and the promotion of cell movement, possibly via activation of Rac signaling (By similarity). (univ-amu.fr)
  • [ 1 ] With the range of histology detected, treatments are variable but therapies that affect T cells can be effective. (medscape.com)
  • In summary, our data confirms this antigen as promising target for T cell based therapies. (oncotarget.com)
  • These methods and results can help us to better understand immune reconstitution following hematopoietic cell transplantation, leading to future studies on the clinical application of adoptive T-cell therapies. (nature.com)
  • A better and deeper understanding of immune reconstitution following allo-HCT is required for further clinical application of these adoptive T-cell therapies. (nature.com)
  • In the near future, novel chemo-/gene-therapies might be applied to treat cancer patient converting cancerous cells into normal differentiated cells. (intechopen.com)
  • The present invention relates to diagnosing abnormal cell proliferation in biological samples and screening for drugs which inhibit, reduce or abolish cell growth, especially tumorigenic cell growth, by detecting a phosphovariant isoform of a guanine nucleotide exchange factor biomarker, such as the novel GEF-H1S. (justia.com)
  • The results suggest that the novel protein is a macrophage-specific membrane receptor with a role in host defense, as it shows postnatal expression in macrophages, which are considered responsible for the binding of bacterial antigens and phagocytosis. (embl.de)
  • The objectives of this study were to assess the expression of CXorf61 in TNBCs and healthy tissues and to evaluate its capability to induce T cell responses. (oncotarget.com)
  • In CXorf61-negative breast cancer cell lines CXorf61 expression is activated by treatment with the hypomethylating agent 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine. (oncotarget.com)
  • Single-cell RNA-sequence analyses demonstrate the homogenous distribution of the gene expression profile in individual cytomegalovirus-specific cytotoxic T-cells within each recipient. (nature.com)
  • On the other hand, bulk RNA-sequence analyses reveal that gene expression profiles among patients are different according to the cytomegalovirus reactivation pattern, and are associated with cytokine production or cell division. (nature.com)
  • However, little information is available on the gene expression profile (GEP) of CMV-CTL clones according to CMV reactivation patterns (and donor CMV serostatus) after allo-HCT. (nature.com)
  • B lymphocyte development is a highly ordered process pro- expression analysis without the use of intermediate amplifica- ceeding from the progenitor cells in the bone marrow (BM) to tion steps. (lu.se)
  • Examples of in vivo isotype class switching in IgM+ chronic lymphocytic leukemia B cells. (omicsdi.org)
  • To test the hypothesis that in vivo isotype class switching occurs in IgM+ B-type CLL cells, we analyzed the PBMC of 19 CLL patients for the presence of transcripts encoding the rearranged CLL V(H)DJ(H) associated with either gamma or alpha H chains. (omicsdi.org)
  • Characterization of in vivo expanded OspA-specific human T-cell clones. (ox.ac.uk)
  • We previously established a direct single-cell analysis to simultaneously identify and quantify in vivo CMV-CTL clones after allo-HCT 9 , 10 . (nature.com)
  • Furthermore, B cells expressing IgG and IgA of the same idiotype or V(H) family and the same CDR3 length as those of the CLL IgM+ clone can be identified in the blood of patients studied using multiparameter immunofluorescence analyses. (omicsdi.org)
  • These results were validated by paired TCR and single cell RNA sequencing, which elucidated transcriptomic profiles distinct to neoantigen-specific CD4 + TIL. (bmj.com)
  • This numerical discrepancy may have distinct functional implications for how triptans modulate afferent activity and emphasizes the importance of knowing the neurochemical properties of the primary afferents bearing the triptan receptors. (jneurosci.org)
  • Transfected COS cells synthesized a native trimeric plasma membrane protein that bound labeled bacteria and acetylated LDL, but not yeast or Ficoll. (embl.de)
  • The specificity of T-cells is determined by the T-cell receptor (TCR), a heterodimer of alpha and beta protein chains. (elifesciences.org)
  • May bind bacterial antigens in the protein MARCO. (embl.de)
  • COS cells transfected with the CD6 clone express a 90-kD protein that reacts with all available anti-CD6 monoclonal antibodies. (embl.de)
  • Recent observations raise the hypothesis that not only the drug/chemical, but also parts of the haptenated protein or peptides may constitute the important structural determinants for antigen recognition by the TCR. (frontiersin.org)
  • The Plasmodium falciparum reticulocyte-binding protein homolog 5 (PfRH5) has recently emerged as a leading candidate antigen against the blood-stage human malaria parasite. (nature.com)
  • Here we report the production of full-length PfRH5 protein using a cGMP-compliant platform called ExpreS 2 , based on a Drosophila melanogaster Schneider 2 (S2) stable cell line system. (nature.com)
  • Morphological transformation studies have failed to demonstrate a viral oncogene, a virus-coded transforming protein or any sequence of DNA that uniquely transforms cells according to one-hit kinetics. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • The silkworm larvae infected with the recombinant virus produced 3·6 mg of the fusion protein per larva and the infected BM-N cells produced 0·3 mg per ml of culture. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • IGF II was released from the fusion protein produced by BM-N cells infected with the recombinant virus by CNBr treatment, purified by extraction with guanidine-HCl, column chromatography and HPLC and the correct amino-terminal amino acid sequence confirmed. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Increased binding scores are observed in T-cell clones with complementarity-determining region-3 of T cell receptor-β with a "(G)GG" motif. (nature.com)
  • whilst another promising immunogen has included conserved regions III-V of the erythrocyte-binding antigen 175 kDa (PfEBA-175) 10 . (nature.com)
  • Cytomegalovirus reactivation is still a critical concern following allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation, and cellular immune reconstitution of cytomegalovirus-specific cytotoxic T-cells is necessary for the long-term control of cytomegalovirus reactivation after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation. (nature.com)
  • However, cellular immune reconstitution of CMV-specific cytotoxic T-cells (CMV-CTL) is generally considered to be necessary for the long-term control of CMV reactivation after allo-HCT. (nature.com)
  • CD8+ T cell-mediated immunotherapy may represent an attractive approach to address TNBC. (oncotarget.com)
  • Key evidence showing that ADCC plays an important role in the clinical effect of RTX was provided by the analysis of Fc gamma RIIIa (CD16a) polymorphisms, where patients carrying CD16a 158V/V genotype (associated with high affinity Fc gamma receptor) showed significantly improved objective response rates compared with FL patients carrying at least one 158F allele (associated with low affinity Fc gamma receptor) ( 20 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Of the 101 T-cell clones sequenced, 81 possessed TCR beta chains that were present in at least one other clone isolated. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Indeed, T-cell precursors randomly and imprecisely rearrange V and J segments of the TCR alpha and V, D, and J segments of the TCR beta chains to create a complete TCR. (frontiersin.org)
  • Studies utilizing cloned native and mutant forms of the scavenger receptor have provided insights into the structural basis for their function. (embl.de)
  • This discrepancy is explained by thymic selection where the fate of T-cell precursors is dependent on the recognition of self-peptides (self-p) presented by MHC molecules on thymic stromal cells ( 28 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • The term "oncotarget" encompasses all molecules, pathways, cellular functions, cell types, and even tissues that can be viewed as targets relevant to cancer as well as other diseases. (oncotarget.com)
  • The development of an effective vaccine against the merozoite has proved exceptionally challenging, hindered by substantial levels of polymorphism in the most widely studied candidate antigens 4 and redundant erythrocyte invasion pathways 5 . (nature.com)
  • Belongs to an adhesion system, which plays a role in the organization of homotypic, interneuronal and heterotypic cell-cell adherens junctions (AJs). (univ-amu.fr)
  • As the nomenclature and description of the disease spectrum under the descriptive term parapsoriasis evolved, the primary focus has been on the distinction of whether the disorder progresses to mycosis fungoides (MF) or cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL). (medscape.com)
  • The initiating cause of parapsoriasis is unknown, but the diseases likely represent different stages in a continuum of lymphoproliferative disorders from chronic dermatitis stimulated by activated T cells to frank malignancy of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL). (medscape.com)
  • 10] Nevertheless, a hint to the verity of this hypothesis is the recent identification of increased telomerase activity in T cells from CTCL at low-grade stages, high-grade lymphoma, and parapsoriasis, which is activity not exhibited in normal T cells. (medscape.com)
  • From an evolutionary perspective this spatial control is satisfied in that the distant relative S. cerevisiae Cdc24, a GEF for Cdc42, plays a key role in targeting cytoskeletal changes to different spatial domains of the cell in response to different signals O'Shea et al. (justia.com)
  • Anti-merozoite vaccine studies have long relied on the standardized in vitro assay of growth inhibition activity (GIA) 12 , whereby purified IgG antibodies are tested against parasites cultured in human red blood cells (RBC) in the absence of other cell types. (nature.com)
  • In addition, T-cell clones were tested functionally for their reactivity to the wild-type peptide as well as to altered peptide ligands (APLs) and peptide libraries based on the OspA epitope in order to determine the TCR contact residues and the stringency in T cell recognition. (ox.ac.uk)
  • In many instances, these CLL-related gamma and alpha transcripts are much more plentiful than those of normal B cells that produce the same isotype. (omicsdi.org)
  • In all five CLLs, the pattern of C mu DNA probe hybridization to the digested genomic DNAs was consistent with deletion of the C mu exon from the rearranged Ig gene locus, suggesting that these CLL B cells had undergone DNA switch recombination. (omicsdi.org)
  • Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) usually involves the expansion of a clone of CD5+ B cells synthesizing IgM antibodies. (omicsdi.org)
  • All variants bound the PfRH5 receptor basigin and were recognized by a panel of monoclonal antibodies. (nature.com)
  • Progress in this arena, however, is being made with a new generation of merozoite antigen targets identified in recent years that exhibit relatively low levels of polymorphism and against which functional neutralizing antibodies can be raised by vaccination. (nature.com)
  • cells are activated by interaction with antigens and obtain T indicated that the cell lines representing a defined cell help, they mature into terminally differentiated plasma stage generally presented a high similarity in over- cells secreting large amounts of antibodies [10 -12]. (lu.se)
  • We provide an overview of the data supporting different models of T-cell recognition of drugs and chemicals and discuss speculative models addressing the origin of drug/chemical responsive naive T cells. (frontiersin.org)
  • The identification of CMV-CTL clones is one method used to assess cellular immunity against CMV. (nature.com)
  • We compared the distribution of 5-HT 1D receptor-immunoreactive (5-HT 1D -IR) peripheral afferents within the trigeminal ganglion (TRG) and lumbar dorsal root ganglion (DRG) of the rat. (jneurosci.org)
  • On one hand, drug-specific T cells provide the necessary help for mounting an effective B-cell response observed in immediate-type hypersensitivity reactions. (frontiersin.org)
  • Recent high-impact research has shown the genomic/genetic differences between cancer and normal cells using methods such as next-generation sequencing [ 1 , 2 ]. (intechopen.com)
  • Treatment for FL includes successive lines of therapy that unfortunately result in progressively shorter periods of disease-free survival followed by the development of either chemo-refractory disease, large cell transformation or death from treatment-related toxicities ( 2 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • The resulting plasmid and the wild-type BmNPV genomic DNA were cotransfected into BM-N cells, and a recombinant virus was isolated by the limiting dilution method. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Our finding, that 5-HT 1D receptors are distributed in nociceptors throughout the body, raises the possibility that triptans can regulate not only headache-associated pain but also nociceptive responses in extracranial tissues. (jneurosci.org)
  • We are among the first to define the characteristics of TCR usage of T cells isolated from an inflamed immune compartment in an individual with an autoimmune disease potentially triggered by a microbial antigen. (ox.ac.uk)