Clones embryonic frog cells donor egg cell. Medical search. Frequent questions

It may occur accidentally in the case of identical twins, which are formed when a fertilized egg splits, creating two or more embryos that carry almost identical DNA. (wikipedia.org)
Some prohibit only cloning for reproductive purposes and allow the creation of cloned human embryos for research, whereas others prohibit the creation of cloned embryos for any purpose. (who.int)
Frogs are easy to rear and maintain, and large sample sizes of embryos and later stages are readily obtained. (cshlpress.com)
Studies using Xenopus cell-free extracts, oocytes, eggs, embryos, larval stages, and adult frogs have yielded important insights into a multitude of key biological processes-from mechanisms underlying the cell cycle to embryonic development to human disease. (cshlpress.com)
This article summarizes the history and current situation in fish nuclear transfer tech-nology and discusses the factors that may influence the development of the cloned embryos. (chinagene.cn)
Mature egg cells are produced by mitotic divisions, and these cells directly develop into embryos. (alchetron.com)

The artificial cloning of organisms, sometimes known as reproductive cloning, is often accomplished via somatic-cell nuclear transfer (SCNT), a cloning method in which a viable embryo is created from a somatic cell and an egg cell. (wikipedia.org)
2. Nuclear transfer is a technique used to duplicate genetic material by creating an embryo through the transfer and fusion of a diploid cell in an enucleated female oocyte.2 Cloning has a broader meaning than nuclear transfer as it also involves gene replication and natural or induced embryo splitting (see Annex 1). (who.int)
During the development of vertebrates, including humans, the fertilized egg develops into the embryo, and the cells in the embryo then proceed to differentiate to form somatic cells of different tissues and organs. (shawprize.org)
The fertilized egg is considered totipotent, as it can develop into a whole organism, while the cells in the embryo are pluripotent because they are capable of differentiating into somatic cells that make up all the organs. (shawprize.org)
They pioneered a new technique of starving embryo cells before transferring their nucleus to fertilized egg cells. (shawprize.org)
This question had been asked by embryologists since 1886 ( Rauber, 1886 ), and Spemann ( Spemann, 1938 ) had demonstrated by an egg ligation experiment that the nuclei of an eight-cell frog embryo are developmentally totipotent. (biologists.com)
However, Briggs and King ( Briggs and King, 1957 ) had also found that the nucleus of an endoderm cell from a neurula embryo could no longer support normal development ( Fig. 2 ). (biologists.com)
Fourth, each cell of the developing frog embryo contains yolk platelets that provide nutrition during prefeeding stages of embryonic life. (biomedcentral.com)
But it is perhaps not auspicious to quote him for purposes of the scientific debates on human cloning, because Ramsey agreed with and supported the scientific myth of the "pre-embryo" 47 made famous by Jesuit Richard McCormick and frog embryologist Clifford Grobstein. (lifeissues.net)
Perhaps Ramsey would give other extraordinarily powerful arguments as to why human cloning is unethical, but he obviously would not be able to base it on his unscientific "pre-embryo" position. (lifeissues.net)
Otherwise, such a treaty would not recognize the inherent human nature of the early human embryo or fetus until after birth , and thus cloning them and using them for research - both "therapeutic" and "reproductive" -- would not be banned, and women undergoing "infertility treatments" could surely be put in danger. (lifeissues.net)
Again, Saunders is referring to SCNT as "THE" cloning procedure, when there are many other ways to clone a human being as well, and he is scientifically mis-defining the product of SCNT (i.e., the cloned human embryo). (lifeissues.net)
In animals , parthenogenesis means development of an embryo from an unfertilized egg cell. (alchetron.com)
Gynogenesis and pseudogamy are closely related phenomena in which a sperm or pollen triggers the development of the egg cell into an embryo but makes no genetic contribution to the embryo. (alchetron.com)
An organizer population has been identified in the anterior end of the primitive streak of the mid-streak stage embryo, by the expression of Hnf3β , Gsc lacZ and Chrd , and the ability of these cells to induce a second neural axis in the host embryo. (silverchair.com)
This cell population can therefore be regarded as the mid-gastrula organizer and, together with the early-gastrula organizer and the node, constitute the organizer of the mouse embryo at successive stages of development. (silverchair.com)
Fine mapping of the epiblast in the posterior region of the early-streak stage embryo reveals that although the early-gastrula organizer contains cells that give rise to the axial mesoderm, the bulk of the progenitors of the head process and the notochord are localized outside the early gastrula organizer. (silverchair.com)
Cells that are fated for the head process move anteriorly from the mid-gastrula organizer in a tight column along the midline of the embryo. (silverchair.com)

In 1996, Dolly the sheep achieved notoriety for being the first mammal cloned from a somatic cell. (wikipedia.org)
Somatic-cell nuclear transfer, the technique by which Dolly was created, was first used 40 years ago in research with tadpoles and frogs. (who.int)
The nucleus of an adult somatic cell (such as a skin cell) is removed and transferred to an enucleated egg, which is then stimulated with electric current or chemicals to activate cell division. (who.int)
if it implants and the pregnancy goes to term, the resulting individual will carry the same nuclear genetic material as the donor of the adult somatic cell. (who.int)
Scientists were initially interested in somatic-cell nuclear transfer as a means of determining whether genes remain functional even after most of them have been switched off as the cells in a developing organism assume their specialized functions as blood cells, muscle cells, and so forth. (who.int)
Half a century ago, it was found by John Gurdon that this developmental clock can be reversed, and that differentiated somatic cells in a frog model could regain their pluripotency or totipotency. (shawprize.org)
As a brand new graduate student starting in October 1956, my supervisor Michail Fischberg, a lecturer in the department of Zoology at Oxford, suggested that I should try to make somatic cell nuclear transplantation work in the South African frog Xenopus laevis . (biologists.com)
It was clear that a definitive experiment required the replacement of a zygote nucleus by a somatic cell nucleus, asking whether the somatic nucleus could functionally replace the zygote nucleus by eliciting normal development of the enucleated recipient egg ( Fig. 1 )? (biologists.com)

Elaboration of an international convention against reproductive cloning of human beings has been under consideration in the United Nations since December 2001 when the subject was included in the agenda of the fifty- sixth session as a supplementary agenda item at the request of France and Germany. (who.int)
2. Over the years, the international community has tried without success to build a consensus on an international convention against the reproductive cloning of human beings. (who.int)
3. Creating awareness among ministries of health in the African Region will provide them with critical and relevant information on the reproductive cloning of human beings and its implications to the health status of the general population. (who.int)
7. The WHO Regional Committee for Africa is invited to review this document for information and guidance concerning reproductive cloning of human beings. (who.int)
3. Media reports on nuclear transfer are usually about one form, reproductive nuclear transfer, also known as reproductive cloning of human beings . (who.int)

They performed nuclear transfer experiments in which nuclei from embryonic, foetal and adult cells of the sheep were transplanted into fertilized eggs derived from ewes. (shawprize.org)
Even advanced donor cells from the endoderm of Xenopus tadpoles have nuclei that can sometimes yield normal individuals after nuclear transfer [data taken from Briggs and King ( Briggs and King, 1957 ) for Rana and from Gurdon ( Gurdon, 1962 ) for Xenopus ]. (biologists.com)
Transplantation of living nuclei from blastula cells into enucleated frogs' eggs. (chinagene.cn)
Cytoplasmic impact on cross-genus cloned fish derived from transgenic common carp ( Cyprinus carpio ) nuclei and gold-fish ( Carassius auratus ) enucleated eggs. (chinagene.cn)

Members of the frog Xenopus genus are versatile model organisms used in developmental biology, cell biology, neuroscience, and toxicology research, among others. (cshlpress.com)
It is a critical reference for laboratories that currently work with these organisms and will serve as an essential start-up guide for those seeking to start using Xenopus frogs in their research for the first time. (cshlpress.com)
The frog Xenopus laevis has been an important model of vertebrate cell biology and development for many decades. (biomedcentral.com)
The frog Xenopus laevis has been used to study early stages of vertebrate development for more than 50 years and continues to be an important model system. (biomedcentral.com)
The closely related frog Xenopus tropicalis shares all the features of X. laevis that make this system useful for embryonic manipulation but it develops more rapidly (sexual maturity is reached in 5 to 9 months) and has a diploid genome. (biomedcentral.com)

General Assembly the following year,3 and the World Medical Association's Resolution on Cloning, endorsed in 1997, have confronted the issue but lack binding legal force. (who.int)

5. In 2001, France and Germany requested the United Nations General Assembly to develop international conventions on human reproductive cloning, therapeutic cloning and research on stem cells. (who.int)
Since then, the work of Wilmut and Campbell has been duplicated in many other animal species and has provided approaches to produce useful therapeutic products with cloned animals and to improve agricultural practices. (shawprize.org)
With this study, we have mimicked a human disease on a chip with human cells and developed a novel therapeutic approach to treat it. (regenerativemedicine.net)
So, rather than one molecule that is therapeutic, we think that the exosomes contain a cocktail of molecules and proteins that can, all together, help the cell maintain homeostasis, deal with the stress, modify metabolic action and reduce the amount of injury. (regenerativemedicine.net)
Our findings indicate that EEVs could protect cardiac tissue from reoxygenation injury in part by supplementing the injured cells with proteins and signaling molecules that support different metabolic processes, paving the way for new therapeutic approaches," said Andr G. Kl ber, a Visiting Professor of Pathology at Harvard Medical School and co-author of the study. (regenerativemedicine.net)

Thus, the clone would be genetically identical to the nucleus donor only if the egg came from the same donor or from her maternal line. (who.int)
The egg cell now had the same genetic information as the nucleus donor mouse. (cshl.edu)
DNA fingerprinting confirmed that Cumulina had the same DNA as the nucleus donor. (cshl.edu)

WHA50.37 of 1997 argues that human cloning is ethically unacceptable and contrary to human integrity and morality. (who.int)
On October 3, 1997, the host mouse gave birth to Cumulina, named after the cumulus cells she was cloned from. (cshl.edu)

Cloning is the process of producing individual organisms with identical genomes, either by natural or artificial means. (wikipedia.org)
In sexual reproduction, clones are created when a fertilized egg splits to produce identical (monozygous) twins with identical genomes. (who.int)

In the field of biotechnology, cloning is the process of creating cloned organisms of cells and of DNA fragments. (wikipedia.org)
Natural cloning occurs through a variety of natural mechanisms, from single-celled organisms to complex multicellular organisms. (wikipedia.org)
The term applies not only to entire organisms but also to copies of molecules (such as DNA) and cells. (who.int)
Once perceived as an unimportant occurrence in living organisms, cell degeneration was reconfigured as an important biological phenomenon in development, aging, health, and diseases in the twentieth century. (asu.edu)
Simply put, clones are organisms that have identical genetic material. (cshl.edu)
Before there were multicellular forms, single-celled organisms evolved for as much as two billion years driven, in part, by genetic change, as well as by establishment of persistent symbiotic relationships among simpler cells. (blogspot.com)

This allows explanted cells to survive in simple salt solutions for several days and enables study of isolated embryonic tissues and cells. (biomedcentral.com)
iPS cells could potentially be used to generate cell types that could be transplanted to replace those lost or damaged in organs or tissues due to injury or disease. (regenhealthsolutions.info)
We propose that quantitative experimental embryology offers essential ways to explore the reaction of cells and tissues to targeted cell addition, removal, and confinement. (mdpi.com)

Although many species produce clonal offspring in this fashion, Dolly, the lamb born in 1996 at a research institute in Scotland, was the first asexually produced mammalian clone. (who.int)
One of the live-born lambs, Dolly, was derived from the transplantation of the nucleus of an adult mammary cell. (shawprize.org)
Thus, Dolly was the first example of the reprogramming of the adult cell back to totipotency in a mammal. (shawprize.org)
Long before the birth of Dolly the sheep, clones had been observed in both nature and in the laboratory. (cshl.edu)
Scientists found that Dolly had the same DNA as the udder cells she came from. (cshl.edu)
The cloning method used by the lab in Hawaii was different in two ways from the method used to clone Dolly. (cshl.edu)
Since the world said hello to Dolly, several other animals have also been cloned. (cshl.edu)
cows have also been cloned using ovary and cumulus cells with the same method that was used to clone Dolly. (cshl.edu)

Prior to 1996, it was thought that cloning an entire animal could only be done with embryonic cells - cells present in the early stages of an organism's development. (cshl.edu)

Another example of artificial cloning is molecular cloning, a technique in molecular biology in which a single living cell is used to clone a large population of cells that contain identical DNA molecules. (wikipedia.org)
Molecular cloning refers to the process of making multiple molecules. (wikipedia.org)
The protein and RNA molecules produced by cells associate with each other in a context-dependent fashion or, in many cases, catalyze chemical reactions (generating lipids, polysaccharides and other molecules), whose rates depend on the temperature and composition of the external environment. (blogspot.com)
So the population of molecules inside the cell can vary extensively even if the genes do not. (blogspot.com)

However, an animal created through this technique would not be a precise genetic copy of the source of its nuclear DNA because each clone derives a small amount of its DNA from the mitochondria of the egg (which lie outside the nucleus) rather than from the donor of cell nucleus. (who.int)
As an important sub-field in the study of animal cloning, fish nuclear transfer was first established in the early 1960s by Chinese embryologists. (chinagene.cn)
A comprehensive understand-ing of the mechanism for epigenetic modification following nuclear transfer, such as genomic DNA methylation and histone acetylation and/or methylation, will likely increase the success rate and eventually lead to the future freedom of cloning technique. (chinagene.cn)
12] Lee KY, Huang HG, Ju BS, Yang ZG, Lin S. Cloned ze-brafish by nuclear transfer from long-term-cultured cells. (chinagene.cn)
During the life cycle of flowering plants, nuclear fusion occurs three times: once during female gametogenesis and twice during double fertilization, when two sperm cells fertilize the egg and the central cell. (preprints.org)

The use of embryonic stem cells, which can be produced through SCNT, in some stem cell research has attracted controversy. (wikipedia.org)

Cloning has been proposed as a means of reviving extinct species. (wikipedia.org)
depictions commonly involve themes related to identity, the recreation of historical figures or extinct species, or cloning for exploitation (i.e. cloning soldiers for warfare). (wikipedia.org)
Most natural cloning occurs in those species that produce their descendants asexually, that is, without combining the male and female genetic material. (who.int)
Fruit flies of the species Drosophila melanogaster develop from eggs to adults in eight to ten days at 25 degrees Celsius. (asu.edu)
Third, many amphibian species lay vast numbers of eggs, providing adequate numbers for study. (biomedcentral.com)
Let's transplant the genome of species A in a cell of species B and see whether the resulting individuals will resemble species A, species B, or something else. (blogspot.com)
If you are correct, then the result should not look like the genome donor species A, right? (blogspot.com)

If artificial cloning and natural cloning both lead to the same result, which is the formation of a clone, that is, an organism with identical or nearly identical genes to another organism, then the plight of This creation is very different between the two creatures. (wikipedia.org)
Cloning is commonly used to amplify DNA fragments containing whole genes, but it can also be used to amplify any DNA sequence such as promoters, non-coding sequences and randomly fragmented DNA. (wikipedia.org)
The fact that the DNA of a fully differentiated (adult) cell could be stimulated to revert to a condition comparable to that of a newly fertilized egg and to repeat the process of embryonic development demonstrates that all the genes in differentiated cells retain their functional capacity, although only a few are active. (who.int)
Although each of these cells has the same genetic material, each cell can only access the genes needed for its particular function. (cshl.edu)
The very important question to be addressed at that time was whether all cell types in the body have the same set of genes. (biologists.com)
It wasn't until more than 40 years after Gurdon's work that Shinya Yamanaka and his colleagues in Japan identified the key genes that control this "reprogramming" of adult cells. (regenhealthsolutions.info)
Yamanaka and his team identified just four genes that, if expressed in adult skin cells, could convert mature cells back into pluripotent stem cells that could become any cell in the body. (regenhealthsolutions.info)
B)The use of BACs reduces the frequency with which specific genes will be cut within the coding region by restriction enzymes and divided up among two or more clones. (easynotecards.com)
Since, as described above, the composition of the cell's interior and the activity of many of its proteins depend on more than just the genes, the portion of the genes' information content that is actually used by the cell is determined, in part, by non-genetic factors. (blogspot.com)

Briggs and King ( Briggs and King, 1952 ) had already succeeded in transplanting a blastula cell nucleus into an enucleated egg and obtaining normal tadpoles in the frog Rana pipiens . (biologists.com)

Beyond this scientific interest, the commercial concern in animal cloning focuses on replicating large numbers of genetically identical animals, especially those derived from a progenitor that has been modified genetically. (who.int)

Attempts were then made to show that mammalian cells - and human cells in particular - could also be reprogrammed back to a pluripotent state, because it is believed that such knowledge may advance our understanding of developmental mechanisms, and yield new approaches for disease treatment. (shawprize.org)

However, a number of other features are needed, and a variety of specialised cloning vectors (small piece of DNA into which a foreign DNA fragment can be inserted) exist that allow protein production, affinity tagging, single-stranded RNA or DNA production and a host of other molecular biology tools. (wikipedia.org)
Transposon vectors can be used in the frog for transgenesis and for insertional mutagenesis where enhancer trap and gene trap constructs are used to identify genomic loci involved in developmental processes. (biomedcentral.com)

In fact, in the right environment, adult cells could revert to an earlier, embryonic cell type that would be capable of giving rise to all the specialized cell types present in an adult organism. (regenhealthsolutions.info)

His experiments demonstrated that a mature cell, one that was fully differentiated, could revert to an earlier state when introduced into a developing egg, in this case a frog tadpole. (regenhealthsolutions.info)

A clone is an organism that is a genetic copy of an existing one. (who.int)
After a small number of cell divisions, embryonic cells start to change into the different types of cells that an organism needs, including cells that form muscle, blood, liver, etc. (cshl.edu)
Before the experiment at the Roslin Institute, it was thought that once cells differentiated, they could not be used to generate an entire organism. (cshl.edu)
In the 1960s, the early days of stem cell research, John Gurdon was a student in the U.K. when he began working on cloning - transplanting the nucleus from the cell of one organism into the egg of another where the nucleus had been removed. (regenhealthsolutions.info)

The scientists honoured by the 2008 Shaw Prize in Life Science and Medicine used different approaches to reprogramme an adult cell into the totipotent or pluripotent state, and in doing so made important contributions to potential new approaches to improve agriculture practices and to treat human diseases. (shawprize.org)
In the 1950s, scientists generated entire frogs from embryonic frog cells. (cshl.edu)
The scientists at the Roslin Institute solved this problem by growing sheep udder cells under starvation conditions. (cshl.edu)
The scientists have taken cells from Cumulina to make more clones. (cshl.edu)
Scientists hope to use cloned pigs to grow organs that can be transplanted into humans. (cshl.edu)
An important achievement in stem cell research was recognized in 2012, when the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine was awarded to two scientists who transformed the field: Shinya Yamanaka and John Gurdon. (regenhealthsolutions.info)
The implications of the Gurdon/Yamanaka discovery have been wide-ranging and continue to help scientists understand cell biology and development. (regenhealthsolutions.info)
In a new study scientists have been able to regrow the sensory hair cells found in the cochlea -- a part of the inner ear -- that converts sound vibrations into electrical signals and can be permanently lost due to age or noise damage. (regenerativemedicine.net)
However, scientists have long observed that other animals -- namely birds, frogs, and fish -- have been shown to have the ability to regenerate lost sensory hair cells. (regenerativemedicine.net)

Research conducted in the lab of Patricia White, Ph.D., in 2012 identified a family of receptors -- called epidermal growth factor (EGF) -- responsible for activating support cells in the auditory organs of birds. (regenerativemedicine.net)

The main difference between the two is that natural cloning does not involve any human intervention, whereas artificial cloning is a genetic engineering technique. (wikipedia.org)
To date, some 35 countries have adopted laws forbidding human cloning. (who.int)
General Assembly the adoption of a declaration on human cloning by which Member States were called upon to prohibit all forms of human cloning inasmuch as they are incompatible with human dignity and the protection of human life. (who.int)
WHA50.37, which states "the use of cloning for the replication of human individuals is ethically unacceptable and contrary to human integrity and morality. (who.int)
They further created a sheep called Polly in which they showed that it was possible to incorporate a human gene into the donor's DNA before cloning, thus indicating that it may be possible to use animals to produce human proteins for the benefit of mankind. (shawprize.org)
Since then the debate on applying the technique to clone human beings has been ongoing. (cshl.edu)
Based on all the discussion, it may sound like cloning, human or otherwise, is an easy process. (cshl.edu)
Soon, Yamanaka and another scientist, James Thomson in the U.S., published studies showing that human cells could be similarly reprogrammed back to a pluripotent state. (regenhealthsolutions.info)
Ramsey's statement could thus not apply to the issue of human cloning to begin with. (lifeissues.net)
b) But there is a more fundamental reason why Ramsey's statement might not apply to the issue of human cloning. (lifeissues.net)
a) It would seem that Saunders uses the "potential" argument here quite appropriately, but it is critical that the term be understood properly in order to deflect any misunderstandings or misinterpretations - especially if the term were to be used in any U. N. treaty on human cloning. (lifeissues.net)
If the term "potential" were to be incorporated into a U. N. treaty on human cloning, it would be necessary to clarify its use as referring to an already existing human being/person. (lifeissues.net)
and human spermatogenic stem cell culture to treat azoospermia, and to preserve fertility in pre-pubertal boys undergoing cancer treatment. (infertile.com)

7. "[footnote 16]: The cloning procedure supplies the oocyte with a complete set of chromosomes, all of which are contained in the nucleus which is transferred into the denucleated oocyte. (lifeissues.net)

Ian Wilmut and Keith H S Campbell worked together in the Roslin Institute near Edinburgh for many years, using sheep as the model, in order to understand the early physiology of the egg and how laboratory manipulations can improve our knowledge of the development from egg to birth. (shawprize.org)
1) The experimenter dissects a donor larva, which is in the third instar stage of development, and removes the optic disc (colored red) with a micropipette. (asu.edu)
1] Spemann H. Embryonic development and induction. (chinagene.cn)

Collectively, the research by Gurdon and Yamanaka ushered in a new era that changed the face of stem cell research. (regenhealthsolutions.info)

These cells can be analyzed in labs to uncover the underlying mechanisms of the disease, including the identification of new genetic and environmental causes. (regenhealthsolutions.info)
Now, researchers from the Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences (SEAS) have unraveled potential mechanisms behind the healing power of EVs and demonstrated their capacity to not only revive cells after a heart attack but keep cells functioning while deprived of oxygen during a heart attack. (regenerativemedicine.net)

Normal egg cells form after meiosis and are haploid, with half as many chromosomes as their mother's body cells. (alchetron.com)

The nucleus (which contains the genetic material) was removed from the egg cell using a very fine needle. (cshl.edu)
Although the egg cell came from a black-faced sheep, notice that the nucleus with the genetic material came from the white-faced sheep. (cshl.edu)
The offspring having all of the mother's genetic material are called full clones and those having only half are called half clones. (alchetron.com)

This egg cell's nucleus had already been removed. (cshl.edu)

The high fecundity of the frog combined with the ability to remobilize transposon transgenes integrated into frog genome will allow large-scale insertional mutagenesis screens to be performed in laboratories with modest husbandry capacities. (biomedcentral.com)

The equatorial segment of the acrosome underlies the domain of the sperm that fuses with the egg membrane during fertilization. (bioone.org)

Because they are the patient's own cells, they escape immune rejection that remains a serious concern for current organ transplants from donors. (regenhealthsolutions.info)
All eighteen of the Advisory Committees recommendations are presented in Chapter 2 of this edition as part of a general review of long waiting lists and the increasing importance of living organ donors. (binaryoptiontradingscam.com)

The offspring produced by apomictic parthenogenesis are full clones of their mother. (alchetron.com)

The present report gives an overview of the terms and methods used in cloning and summarizes the debates in the General Assembly. (who.int)

Genetic manipulation of this tractable model system would further enhance the use of the frog in developmental studies. (biomedcentral.com)
Several features of amphibian embryonic life make these animals useful as models for studying early developmental events. (biomedcentral.com)
Gurdon's work provided a fundamental paradigm shift for developmental biologists: an adult cell, in an already differentiated state, was not permanently stuck in that state as had been previously thought. (regenhealthsolutions.info)

1. Cloning is an umbrella term traditionally used to describe different processes for duplicating biological material. (who.int)
With that new understanding, researchers began working to answer key biological questions that surfaced from those early experiments: what genetic, biological, or chemical components were responsible for encouraging cells to go back to an earlier state and regain the potential to become any cell type? (regenhealthsolutions.info)

Coined by Herbert J. Webber, the term clone derives from the Ancient Greek word κλών (klōn), twig, which is the process whereby a new plant is created from a twig. (wikipedia.org)
Find out what is actually involved in the cloning process by viewing our short animation. (cshl.edu)
The process of moving a scientific discovery into an actual treatment available for patients takes many years, even decades, and there is currently no medical treatment that directly involves iPS cells, though many are being developed and some are in clinical trial. (regenhealthsolutions.info)
In flowering plants, cells of the gametophyte can undergo this process. (alchetron.com)
In the mid-gastrula organizer, early gastrula organizer derived cells that are fated for the prechordal mesoderm are joined by the progenitors of the head process that are recruited from the epiblast previously anterior to the early gastrula organizer. (silverchair.com)
The researchers found that activating the ERBB2 pathway triggered a cascading series of cellular events by which cochlear support cells began to proliferate and start the process of activating other neighboring stem cells to become new sensory hair cells. (regenerativemedicine.net)
Furthermore, it appears that this process not only could impact the regeneration of sensory hair cells, but also support their integration with nerve cells. (regenerativemedicine.net)
Of course, the best way to treat a heart attack is to restore blood flow but that process actually may cause more damage to the cells in the heart. (regenerativemedicine.net)

In bioethics, there are a variety of ethical positions regarding the practice and possibilities of cloning. (wikipedia.org)

The frog lays abundant eggs that are large, develop synchronously, and are easy to manipulate. (biomedcentral.com)
The team also demonstrated that these intercellular travelers could be derived from endothelial cells, which line the surface of blood vessels and are more abundant and easier to maintain than stem cells. (regenerativemedicine.net)

Natural cloning is the production of clones without the involvement of genetic engineering techniques. (wikipedia.org)

Transgenic frogs that express the enzyme in the germline can be bred with animals harboring a transposon substrate to generate double transgenic lines where remobilization will occur in the germline in subsequent generations. (biomedcentral.com)

Viable offspring derived from fetal and adult mam-malian cells. (chinagene.cn)

A)BACs carry DNA fragments much larger than plasmids or phages and greatly minimize the number of clones needed to make up the genomic library. (easynotecards.com)
The Honeycomb Game is a word-building game: make words by clicking on cells in the honeycomb below. (claylane.uk)

A common ancestor cloning strategy was used to engineer the active transposase enzyme from an inactive form found in teleosts. (biomedcentral.com)
Once integrated into the frog genome, the 'cut-and-paste' DNA transposons are targets for remobilization by re-expression of the appropriate transposase enzyme. (biomedcentral.com)

A laboratory in Hawaii run by Dr. Ryuzo Yanagimachi was the second group to successfully clone an animal from an adult cell. (cshl.edu)
They have successfully made several generations of clones and all mice seem normal. (cshl.edu)

The technique synchronized the cell cycles of both cells and the results led Wilmut and Campbell to believe that any type of cell could be used to produce a clone. (shawprize.org)

With stem cell biology and molecular understanding of reproductive failure, new therapies for previously untreatable infertility are currently on the near horizon. (infertile.com)

Yamanaka was able to induce adult mouse cells to a pluripotent state whereby the cells mimicked embryonic stem cells and could become any cell type in the body. (regenhealthsolutions.info)

iPS cells have shown promise as a tool in predicting how particular patients will respond to potential therapies. (regenhealthsolutions.info)
For example, experimental iPS cell therapies are being investigated that may one day replace neurons in Parkinson's Disease patient brains, different cell types of the eye for degenerative eye conditions , heart cells for heart disease , and more. (regenhealthsolutions.info)
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) -- nanometer sized messengers that travel between cells to deliver cues and cargo -- are promising tools for the next generation of therapies for everything from autoimmune and neurodegenerative diseases to cancer and tissue injury. (regenerativemedicine.net)

Anatomy29

Organisms23

Diseases4

Chemicals and Drugs23

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment27

Psychiatry and Psychology1

Phenomena and Processes41

Disciplines and Occupations1

Technology, Industry, Agriculture5

Information Science5

Named Groups4

Health Care4

Embryos6

Embryo18

Somatic8

Reproductive cloning of huma5

Nuclei4

Xenopus5

Endorsed in 19971

Therapeutic5

Nucleus donor3

19972

Identical genomes2

Organisms6

Tissues3

Dolly8

Stages1

Molecules4

Nuclear5

SCNT1

Species7

Genes9

Tadpoles1

Genetically identical1

Mammalian1

Vectors2

Adult cells1

Revert1

Organism4

Scientists9

Organs1

Human13

Oocyte1

Development3

Stem cell res1

Mechanisms2

Haploid1

Genetic material3

Cell's1

Husbandry1

Sperm1

Organ2

Parthenogenesis1

METHODS1

Developmental3

Biological2

Process8

Possibilities1

Abundant2

Involvement1

Animals1

Viable1

Make2

Enzyme2

Successfully2

Technique1

Molecular1

Induce1

Therapies3