Clones embryo clone cells. Medical search. Frequent questions

This paper's main objective is to support the argument that embryo's cloning for one's self to serve as the stem cells' source for purposes of therapy should be considered morally permissible for people who want to prolong lives via this type of therapeutic option . (premiumessays.net)
As such, when a person opts to clone their embryo in order to produce stem cells that can be used for therapeutic purposes that will prolong life, they violate one of these moral principles which entail protecting human life as a duty. (premiumessays.net)
With Hwang discredited, both the field of therapeutic cloning and the public's trust in science have suffered a serious setback. (nature.com)
So far, public attention to the new health care has focused on two of its methods: embryonic stem-cell research and therapeutic cloning. (ssrn.com)
Robert P. Lanza of Advanced Cell Technology claimed his project is "proof of the principle that 'therapeutic cloning' can work. (wnd.com)
Therapeutic cloning, known as "clone and kill" because the embryo is not transplanted into a surrogate mother for development, is favored by many scientists. (wnd.com)
Therapeutic cloning, as distinct from reproductive cloning, will lead to unprecedented medical advances, say researchers. (wnd.com)
The human embryo is cloned, then used only for research or therapeutic treatments. (wnd.com)
Sen. Sam Brownback, R-Kan., is the sponsor of a bill, S. 1899, that provides a comprehensive ban on human cloning, both "therapeutic" cloning and reproductive cloning. (wnd.com)
In therapeutic cloning, the blastocyst is not transferred to a womb. (eurostemcell.org)
Another long-term hope for therapeutic cloning is that it could be used to generate cells that are genetically identical to a patient. (eurostemcell.org)
To date, no human embryonic stem cell lines have been derived using therapeutic cloning, so both these possibilities remain very much in the future. (eurostemcell.org)
The U.S. patents on the cell line at issue, dubbed NT-1, are expected to give a fresh momentum to Hwang who is striving to resume his research on cloned human stem cells, which have great therapeutic potential. (koreatimes.co.kr)
Other policy options, such as supposed compromises that would prohibit "reproductive cloning" but permit "therapeutic cloning" by prohibiting not the act of creating a cloned embryo but the act of transferring a cloned embryo to a woman's uterus, would inherently mandate the wide-scale destruction of human embryos. (thenewatlantis.com)
5. In 2001, France and Germany requested the United Nations General Assembly to develop international conventions on human reproductive cloning, therapeutic cloning and research on stem cells. (who.int)
Therapeutic cloning possesses enormous potential for revolutionizing medical and thera- peutic techniques. (who.int)
This is therapeutic cloning. (who.int)
This cell then has therapeutic cloning: the global the capacity to divide and grow into an exact replica of the original from whom the debate somatic cell was taken. (who.int)

Some prohibit only cloning for reproductive purposes and allow the creation of cloned human embryos for research, whereas others prohibit the creation of cloned embryos for any purpose. (who.int)
Although the latest scientific work related to cloning has been focused on potential medical applications, much of that research is relevant to the creation of cloned children. (thenewatlantis.com)

After growing and dividing for a week or so in a laboratory culture dish, the fused cell forms an early embryo called a blastocyst, which Wilmut's team implants into a surrogate mother. (newscientist.com)
In 1972, he became the first scientist to successfully freeze, thaw and transfer a calf embryo, which he called "Frostie," to a surrogate mother. (yahoo.com)
The object of reproductive cloning is to implant the cloned embryo into a surrogate mother and permit the human child to develop. (wnd.com)
The developing embryos were transplanted into a female sheep (the surrogate mother), where they developed naturally. (msdmanuals.com)

In SCNT they take the nucleolus out of an egg cell, replace it with the nucleolus of a somatic cell (body cell with two complete sets of chromosomes), and make the egg cell divide into a blastocyst ("What Is Cloning? (bartleby.com)
After many divisions in culture, this single cell forms a blastocyst (an early stage embryo with about 100 cells) with almost identical DNA to the original donor who provided the adult cell - a genetic clone. (eurostemcell.org)
To produce Dolly, the cloned blastocyst was transferred into the womb of a recipient ewe, where it developed and when born quickly became the world's most famous lamb. (eurostemcell.org)
Instead, embryonic stem cells are isolated from the cloned blastocyst. (eurostemcell.org)

It became a hot topic in 1996 when Dolly the sheep was cloned via a process called somatic cell nuclear transfer. (archstl.org)
The difference with Dolly is that all her DNA originated in a cell from the udder of an adult sheep. (newscientist.com)
Dolly was the only lamb born from 277 fusions of oocytes with udder cells. (newscientist.com)
Sir Ian Wilmut, the scientist who led the team that cloned Dolly the sheep in 1996, has died at 79. (yahoo.com)
Dolly was the first successful cloning of a mammal from an adult somatic cell, demonstrating the viability of somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT). (yahoo.com)
A year before Dolly, he successfully cloned two lambs (Megan and Morag) whose cells were taken from sheep embryos. (yahoo.com)
While Dolly proved that cells could be used to create a copy of the animal they came from, Wilmut's next experiment proved that they could also be altered. (yahoo.com)
Although many species produce clonal offspring in this fashion, Dolly, the lamb born in 1996 at a research institute in Scotland, was the first asexually produced mammalian clone. (who.int)
Somatic-cell nuclear transfer, the technique by which Dolly was created, was first used 40 years ago in research with tadpoles and frogs. (who.int)
Cloning, or somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT), is the technique used to produce Dolly the sheep, the first animal to be produced as a genetic copy of another adult. (eurostemcell.org)
Indeed, if passed, Hatch/Feinstein/Kerry would explicitly legalize doing in humans the very cloning procedure -- somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) -- that was used to make Dolly the sheep . (lifeissues.net)
Comment: Indeed, if passed, "total cloning bans" H.R. 534, H.R. 234, H.R. 916, and S. 245 would not ban anything either - not even the SCNT cloning technique that was used to make Dolly the sheep. (lifeissues.net)
When the world learned in 1997 of Dolly the sheep, the first clone produced from an adult mammal, a broad public discussion about the ethics of human cloning ensued, largely focused on the nature, meaning, and future of human procreation. (thenewatlantis.com)
In the now-famous "Dolly" experiments, cells from a sheep (donor cells) were fused with unfertilized sheep eggs from another sheep (recipient cells) from which the natural genetic material was removed by microsurgery. (msdmanuals.com)
One of the embryos survived, and the resulting lamb was named Dolly. (msdmanuals.com)
As expected, Dolly was an exact genetic copy of the original sheep from which the donor cells were taken, not of the sheep that provided the eggs. (msdmanuals.com)

Dr. Irving, whose Ph.D. included a doctoral concentration in secular bioethics at the world's foremost bioethics institute, noted that the bill was poorly prepared using faulty science and lacking basic definitions necessary to have the law actually ban cloning as it claims it does. (lifesitenews.com)
Last year they used the same reproductive technology to create the world's first cloned lambs (Nature, vol 380, p 64). (newscientist.com)
Dr Hwang, 52, gained worldwide fame after producing the world's first cloned human embryos and stem cells tailored to be used on individuals. (bbc.co.uk)
Hwang and his lieutenants created NT-1 in 2003 and claimed that it was the world's first stem cell batch extracted from cloned human embryos. (koreatimes.co.kr)
In addition, Hwang's credence was not completely gone because the world's first cloned dog that was born in 2005 and created by his team proved to be the real deal. (koreatimes.co.kr)

In 2001, scientists at Texas A&M University created the first cloned cat, CC (CopyCat). (wikipedia.org)
In May 2010, Got became the first cloned Spanish Fighting Bull, cloned by Spanish scientists. (wikipedia.org)
In July 2016 scientists at the National University Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza in Chachapoyas, Peru cloned a Jersey cattle by handmade cloning method using cells of an ear of a cow. (wikipedia.org)
The South Korean government has established an international stem cell research program with scientists in the United States and Britain. (voanews.com)
South Korean researchers would travel regularly to the labs to perform the complex task of creating embryos outside the womb and extracting new stem cell lines American, British, and other scientists could use for experiments on cures. (voanews.com)
Scientists say the old stem cell lines deteriorate and new ones are needed to advance work in this area. (voanews.com)
News reports quote South Korean President Roh Moo-hyun as saying that his government will try to resolve the ethical issues surrounding stem cell research so that the scientists can continue their work. (voanews.com)
But scientists have not managed to isolate such cells from farm animals, and must rely instead on injecting genes randomly into early embryos. (newscientist.com)
There are no international laws governing the use of cells and embryos, but scientists said a tough regulatory climate - like that in force in the UK - could prevent such abuses or misunderstandings. (bbc.co.uk)
Scientists are fast developing new ways of culturing the biological materials now exclusively produced by embryos. (ssrn.com)
Australia's federal cabinet moved this week to ban the use of leftover in-vitro fertilization embryos for research, provoking speculation that renowned Australian scientists may immigrate to countries where embryo research is permitted. (wnd.com)
Scientists were initially interested in somatic-cell nuclear transfer as a means of determining whether genes remain functional even after most of them have been switched off as the cells in a developing organism assume their specialized functions as blood cells, muscle cells, and so forth. (who.int)
UK scientists have applied for permission to create embryos by fusing human DNA with cow eggs. (splendoroftruth.com)
New techniques in cloning frozen mammals may allow scientists to bring back the mammoth. (singularityhub.com)
More than a decade after their first attempt, a team of Japanese scientists have announced that they will aim to clone a woolly mammoth in the next five years. (singularityhub.com)
As we recently discussed , scientists have been pursuing cloning endangered and extinct species with middling success. (singularityhub.com)
However, following the successful derivation of human embryonic stem cells in 1998, the debate over human cloning largely shifted to the question of whether it is acceptable for scientists to create human embryos only to destroy them. (thenewatlantis.com)
But cloning research continued, and American scientists announced in 2013 that they had for the first time successfully obtained stem cells from cloned human embryos. (thenewatlantis.com)
1. Cloning is an umbrella term traditionally used by scientists to describe different processes for duplicating biological material. (who.int)
The con- is removed and replaced by a nucleus of cept of human cloning has long been in the another cell type, the stem cell will then imagination of many scientists, scholars and be reprogrammed to produce the product fiction writers [ 1 ]. (who.int)

General Assembly the following year,3 and the World Medical Association's Resolution on Cloning, endorsed in 1997, have confronted the issue but lack binding legal force. (who.int)

Embryologist Tong Dizhou successfully inserted the DNA from a male Asian carp into the egg of a female Asian carp to create the first fish clone in 1963. (wikipedia.org)
In 2001 researchers at Advanced Cell Technology in Worcester, Massachusetts, United States, reported that 24 successfully cloned Holsteins had been monitored from birth to the age of four. (wikipedia.org)
Two of these cloned cattle successfully mated, each producing a healthy calf. (wikipedia.org)
In 1958, John Gurdon, then at Oxford University, explained that he had successfully cloned a frog. (wikipedia.org)
The limit to these studies had been the amount of time an embryo could be successfully cultivated ex vivo. (asu.edu)
Dolly's successful birth in 1996 marked the first time a mammal was successfully cloned from an adult cell. (yahoo.com)
Action by various states, nations and international organizations was spurred by the November announcement by Massachusetts-based Advanced Cell Technology that it had successfully cloned human embryos. (wnd.com)
Last year, Hwang's team said it successfully cloned a human embryo from embryonic stem cells. (blogspot.com)
However, Korean television station MBC has conducted interviews with an unnamed member of Hwang's research team who says the cells were never cloned successfully. (blogspot.com)

The first ever meeting of the Committee on an International Convention Against the Reproductive Cloning of Human Beings last week hosted national delegates and experts from Syria, Chile, Israel, Spain and the United States, among others. (wnd.com)
The committee is expected to "define a negotiation mandate" for a possible treaty to ban human reproductive cloning. (wnd.com)
Reproductive cloning is defended as a means of providing children for infertile couples or for homosexual pairs. (wnd.com)
Critics of reproductive cloning point out that it inevitably will be used to create a "master race" of humans. (wnd.com)
Reproductive cloning in animals has a 3-8 percent success rate. (wnd.com)
Many nations oppose human reproductive cloning as "inherently unethical. (wnd.com)
France and Germany originally proposed that human reproductive cloning be banned under a treaty to be negotiated at the U.N. (wnd.com)
Elaboration of an international convention against reproductive cloning of human beings has been under consideration in the United Nations since December 2001 when the subject was included in the agenda of the fifty- sixth session as a supplementary agenda item at the request of France and Germany. (who.int)
When the cloning process is used in this way, to produce a living duplicate of an existing animal, it is commonly called reproductive cloning. (eurostemcell.org)
In most countries, it is illegal to attempt reproductive cloning in humans. (eurostemcell.org)
2. Over the years, the international community has tried without success to build a consensus on an international convention against the reproductive cloning of human beings. (who.int)
3. Creating awareness among ministries of health in the African Region will provide them with critical and relevant information on the reproductive cloning of human beings and its implications to the health status of the general population. (who.int)
7. The WHO Regional Committee for Africa is invited to review this document for information and guidance concerning reproductive cloning of human beings. (who.int)
3. Media reports on nuclear transfer are usually about one form, reproductive nuclear transfer, also known as reproductive cloning of human beings . (who.int)
Cloning technology, however, is perceived as having the potential for reproductive cloning, which raises serious ethical and moral concerns. (who.int)
Reproductive cloning versus germ cell (egg, ovum). (who.int)

The stem cells suits human needs, does not cause harm and can be obtained from both adult and fetal does not conflict with religious beliefs, it has tissues, umbilical cord and early embryos. (who.int)

Gene, the first cloned calf in the world was born in 1997 at the American Breeders Service facilities in Deforest, Wisconsin, United States. (wikipedia.org)
Polly, born in 1997, was the first genetically modified cloned mammal. (yahoo.com)
WHA50.37 of 1997 argues that human cloning is ethically unacceptable and contrary to human integrity and morality. (who.int)

They produced idential lambs called Megan and Morag, which originated from different cells of the same embryo. (newscientist.com)

Potential of preimplantation genomic selection using the blastomere separation technique in bovine in vitro fertilized embryos. (researchmap.jp)
Dynamic status of lysosomal cathepsin in bovine oocytes and preimplantation embryos. (researchmap.jp)
Evidence that interferon-tau secreted from Day-7 embryo in vivo generates anti-inflammatory immune response in the bovine uterus. (researchmap.jp)
In January, the company revealed that a promising bovine study confirmed their expectations that cloned embryo cells could be directed to grow a functioning organ. (wnd.com)
The hybrid human-bovine embryos would be used for stem cell research and would not be allowed to develop for more than a few days. (splendoroftruth.com)
This is Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer (aka, cloning), only it uses a different host cell (bovine, rather than human). (splendoroftruth.com)

The collaboration gives U.S. researchers a way to overcome funding restrictions imposed by the Bush administration and participate in stem cell research. (voanews.com)
The project, called the World Stem Cell Hub, is headquartered at Seoul National University, where researchers led by Hwang Woo-Suk have been in the vanguard of stem cell research. (voanews.com)
In 2000 ACT researchers in the United States cloned a gaur (Bos gaurus), an Asian ox with a then declining wild population. (asu.edu)
The researchers used cryopreserved gaur skin cells combined with an embryo of a domestic cow (Bos taurus). (asu.edu)
The researchers wanted to see whether "mature" cells that have differentiated to fulfil a specialised role (such as that of an udder cell or a fetal cell) could be returned to a primitive state from which they could grow into entire organisms. (newscientist.com)
For each clone, the Roslin researchers combine material from two sources. (newscientist.com)
Next, the researchers take cells containing donor genetic material. (newscientist.com)
A cloning pioneer regarded as a hero in his South Korean homeland has resigned and apologised for using human eggs from his own researchers. (bbc.co.uk)
Given their expressed commitment to the sanctity of life, religious leaders will soon find the tables turned: researchers will accuse them of causing death if they fail to support medicine that cures the sick without harming embryos. (ssrn.com)
The stem cells could be studied in the laboratory to help researchers understand what goes wrong in diseases like these. (eurostemcell.org)
hero" is the right word for how Hwang Woo-suk is revered by the media -- and by a large section of the Korean public who have bought into the false promises of embryonic stem cell and cloning researchers. (blogspot.com)
A Korean television station whose investigative report was the nail in the coffin that prompted human cloning scientist Hwang Woo-suk to admit he lied about egg donations his researchers made says he may have lied about the results of his research as well. (blogspot.com)

SCNT refers to a process that entails transferring somatic cells of an existing organism into the oocyte where the nucleus came from (National Human Genome Research Institute Para 1). (premiumessays.net)
He did this by using intact nuclei from somatic cells from a Xenopus tadpole. (wikipedia.org)

However, opponents argue that creating and experimenting with human embryos is unethical. (bbc.co.uk)
Cloning-for-biomedical-research is also profoundly unethical, as it turns human reproduction into a manufacturing process in the most literal sense: human embryos are created to serve as raw materials for the production of biomedical research supplies. (thenewatlantis.com)
Creating a human by cloning is widely seen as unethical, is illegal in many countries, and is technically difficult. (msdmanuals.com)

The American Medical Association (AMA) defines human cloning as genetically identical organism's production through a process of somatic cell's nuclear transfer (SCNT). (premiumessays.net)
Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) is a type of cloning that has to be done in a lab. (bartleby.com)

It's given name is the "Human Cloning Ban and Stem Cell Research Protection Act of 2003," the stated purpose of which, supposedly, is to "prohibit human cloning and to protect important areas of medical research, including stem cell research. (lifeissues.net)
General Assembly the adoption of a declaration on human cloning by which Member States were called upon to prohibit all forms of human cloning inasmuch as they are incompatible with human dignity and the protection of human life. (who.int)

Can biotechnology firms claim genetically modified, or GM, human embryos as intellectual property rights? (wnd.com)

I often say to people the day is coming when you're going to open the New York Times, and above the fold, it's going to say, 'Embryos cure Parkinson's,' or 'Embryos cure diabetes,'" he said. (archstl.org)
Human cloning science offers the possibility that stem cells harvested from cloned embryos could be used to treat diseases like Parkinson's, diabetes and heart disease. (bbc.co.uk)

The Catholic Church has always held that stem-cell research and therapies are morally acceptable, as long as they don't involve the creation and destruction of human embryos. (archstl.org)
The report offers an ethical and policy analysis, articulating what makes cloning morally repugnant and calling for the practice to be definitively prohibited in the United States. (thenewatlantis.com)

The South Korean stem-cell researcher Woo Suk Hwang has been at the centre of one of the largest investigations of scientific fraud in living memory. (nature.com)
Professor Hwang Woo-suk was chairman of the World Stem Cell Hub, which opened this month, based in Seoul. (bbc.co.uk)
Scientist Hwang Woo-suk has been granted patents for human embryonic stem cells and the related technology in the United States, according to the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO), Tuesday. (koreatimes.co.kr)
Against this backdrop, I sincerely hope the government will allow Hwang to restart work on cloned human embryos. (koreatimes.co.kr)
But Hwang suffered setbacks as he was found to have doctored data from experiments on patient-specific stem cells, which were also printed by the peer-reviewed U.S. journal in 2005. (koreatimes.co.kr)
Arguing NT-1 is indeed a clone, Hwang has tried to resume his work on human stem cells but the government has yet to allow him. (koreatimes.co.kr)
South Korean professor and cloning pioneer Hwang Woo-suk, is in yet more trouble. (blogspot.com)

Millie and Emma were two female Jersey cows cloned at the University of Tennessee in 2001. (wikipedia.org)
Although the simple use of the word 'clone' may have negative connotations, many people have resigned themselves to the idea of cloning cows that produce more milk or using a cloned mouse for use in controlled experimentation. (bartleby.com)

The Ethical Debate Concerning Cloning In the year that has elapsed since the announcement of Dolly's birth, there has been much discussion of the ethical implications of cloning humans. (bartleby.com)
However, the idea of cloning humans is a highly charged topic. (bartleby.com)
If the same could be achieved in humans, it would mean that each of us could have clones of ourselves made from our own tissue. (newscientist.com)
Specifically, many wondered: If they're doing sheep now, how long until they clone humans? (yahoo.com)
Studies suggest that cloned higher animals (and thus humans) are more likely to have serious or fatal genetic defects than normally conceived offspring. (msdmanuals.com)

More importantly, biotechnologists will for the first time be able to manipulate the genes of cells from farm animals directly before growing them into embryos. (newscientist.com)
For example, the same technology used to eliminate disease-causing genes or to clone embryos may eventually be deployed to produce genetically engineered children. (ssrn.com)
The fact that the DNA of a fully differentiated (adult) cell could be stimulated to revert to a condition comparable to that of a newly fertilized egg and to repeat the process of embryonic development demonstrates that all the genes in differentiated cells retain their functional capacity, although only a few are active. (who.int)
Gene Therapy Although gene therapy is defined as any treatment that changes gene function, it is often thought of as the insertion of normal genes into the cells of a person who lacks such normal genes because. (msdmanuals.com)
Genes and Chromosomes Genes are segments of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) that contain the code for a specific protein that functions in one or more types of cells in the body or the code for functional ribonucleic. (msdmanuals.com)

The petition recognizes that many "Canadians suffer from debilitating illnesses and diseases" and that the petitioners "support ethical stem cell research that has already shown encouraging potential to provide cures and therapies for these illnesses and diseases. (lifesitenews.com)

This kind of cloning is today being performed at several scientific labs in the United States, despite the availability of alternative techniques that produce cells of nearly the same scientific and medical value but that require neither the creation nor destruction of human embryos. (thenewatlantis.com)

2. Nuclear transfer is a technique used to duplicate genetic material by creating an embryo through the transfer and fusion of a diploid cell in an enucleated female oocyte.2 Cloning has a broader meaning than nuclear transfer as it also involves gene replication and natural or induced embryo splitting (see Annex 1). (who.int)
WHA50.37, which states "the use of cloning for the replication of human individuals is ethically unacceptable and contrary to human integrity and morality. (who.int)
However, it appears that the ability of the In its simplest form, cloning is defined stem cells to transform is limited, except as the exact replication of cells. (who.int)
1990. Cell replication and unscheduled DNA synthesis (UDS) activity of low molecular weight chlorinated paraffins in the rat liver in vivo. (cdc.gov)

A type of cloning that occurs naturally is when identical twins are born ("What Is Cloning? (bartleby.com)

Cloning: Do we even need eggs? (nature.com)
He and many others argue that it is immoral to create embryos for research purposes and recruit women to donate eggs. (voanews.com)
Then the genetic material from the donor cells was transferred into the unfertilized eggs. (msdmanuals.com)
The eggs then started to develop into embryos. (msdmanuals.com)

The National Institutes of Health defines a human embryo as "the developing organism from the time of fertilization until the end of the eighth week of gestation. (archstl.org)
These stem cells are genetically matched to the donor organism, holding promise for studying genetic disease. (eurostemcell.org)
A clone is an organism that is a genetic copy of an existing one. (who.int)
However, cloning need not only be used to create a whole organism. (msdmanuals.com)
Whether a cell used for a clone produces a specific type of tissue, a specific organ, or an entire organism depends on the potential of the cell-that is, how highly the cell has developed into a particular type of tissue. (msdmanuals.com)
For example, certain cells called stem cells have the potential to produce a wide variety of tissue types or even possibly an entire organism. (msdmanuals.com)

Several authors have attempted to outline some of the ethical objections to cloning while at the same time minimizing the role religion plays in this debate. (bartleby.com)
I'm pro-stem-cell-research, but lean towards opposing this move simply because I expect little value from it, while finding the political, ethical, and medical issues (do we really want to be engineering vectors that could help animal diseases to cross over to people? (splendoroftruth.com)

But Democratic Party Senator Mary Landrieu opposes the embryo cloning and stem cell work being done in South Korea. (voanews.com)

The nucleus of an adult somatic cell (such as a skin cell) is removed and transferred to an enucleated egg, which is then stimulated with electric current or chemicals to activate cell division. (who.int)
if it implants and the pregnancy goes to term, the resulting individual will carry the same nuclear genetic material as the donor of the adult somatic cell. (who.int)

Some cells differentiate to become stem cells which produce tissues and tissues develop to become organs (National Human Genome Research Institute Para 2). (premiumessays.net)
A purebred Hereford calf clone named Chloe was born in 2001 at Kansas State University's purebred research unit. (wikipedia.org)
An Anatolian Grey bull (Efe) was cloned in Turkey in 2009 and four female calves from the same breed (Ece, Ecem, Nilüfer, Kiraz) in 2010 by the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TÜBİTAK). (wikipedia.org)
A Boran cattle bull was cloned at the International Livestock Research Institute in Nairobi. (wikipedia.org)
In January 2006, Hwang's home research institution, Seoul National University, delivered a damning report about Hwang's work on cloned human embryos, concluding it was all based on fraudulent data. (nature.com)
A chronology of Woo Suk Hwang's stem-cell research. (nature.com)
According to the English-language newspaper South Korea Herald , the Ministry of Health and Welfare says the new World Stem Cell Hub combines South Korean expertise in stem cell research with broader U.S. and European knowledge of diseases. (voanews.com)
U.S. stem cell research has lagged because of Bush administration funding restrictions. (voanews.com)
The government, the country's largest source of research grants, provides money only for study on stem cells obtained before August, 2001, when President Bush announced this restriction. (voanews.com)
I applaud what they are doing, but I regret that the United States is falling farther behind in world leadership in scientific research generally and specifically on stem cell research,' said Mr. Specter. (voanews.com)
That's why Father Pacholczyk, director of education at the National Catholic Bioethics Center in Philadelphia, said that the efforts to help people understand the immorality of embryo reserch, including human cloning, must focus on humanizing the issue and appreciating our own embryonic origins, not just on the desired results of embryonic or other types of stem-cell research. (archstl.org)
A decade later, cloning came to the forefront in Missouri with the narrow passage of Amendment 2, a ballot initiative in 2006 that constitutionally protects embryonic stem-cell research and human cloning. (archstl.org)
The Church also supports research and therapies using adult stem cells, which are cells that come from any person who has been born - including umbilical cord blood, bone marrow, skin and other organs. (archstl.org)
The professor said he was resigning from all public posts, including his chairmanship of the World Stem Cell Hub, which is designed to produce stem cell lines for disease research worldwide. (bbc.co.uk)
Such religious objections have dominated headlines on the topic, and were central to President George W. Bush's decision to restrict stem-cell research. (ssrn.com)
The first day of debate provoked strong arguments both in favor of freedom of research and in favor of a ban on human cloning. (wnd.com)
What is cloning, and what does it have to do with stem cell research? (eurostemcell.org)
This form of cloning is unrelated to stem cell research. (eurostemcell.org)
Cloning-for-biomedical-research also endangers the health and safety of the women called on to undergo dangerous hormone treatments to serve as egg donors. (thenewatlantis.com)
If research cloning is not stopped now, we face the prospect of the mass farming of human embryos and fetuses, and the transformation of the noble enterprise of biomedical research into a grotesque system of exploitation and death. (thenewatlantis.com)
The Threat of Human Cloning concludes by calling for laws prohibiting both human cloning and the creation of embryos for research. (thenewatlantis.com)
And the MSM (mainstream media), who remain desperately committed to push embryonic stem cell research despite its failures, dangers, and immoral foundations, may soon be reeling at the fall of one of their heroes. (blogspot.com)
embryonic stem cell research has not had a good year. (blogspot.com)
This paper outlines the debates prompted through a reproduction mechanism involv- by progress in cloning research, with special ing male and female germ cells. (who.int)

Snuppy, an Afghan hound puppy, was the first dog to be cloned, in 2005 in South Korea. (wikipedia.org)

Japanese Scientist To Clone Woolly Mammoth Within 5 Years! (singularityhub.com)
Now, another Japanese scientist, Teruhiko Wakayama of RIKEN , has developed a technique that allowed him to clone a mouse from a body frozen for 16 years. (singularityhub.com)
According to MBC, the scientist "maintains that Hwang's team fabricated data because in reality it failed to clone a somatic cell and instead used a frozen embryo from the hospital to make stem cells. (blogspot.com)

The biomedical accomplishment of human in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET) took years to become the successful technique that presently enables infertile couples to have their own children. (asu.edu)

Polly was Wilmut's last cloning experiment. (yahoo.com)

If a cloned embryo can be created, we need to discuss, before transplanting it into the womb, how to breed [the mammoth] and whether to display it to the public. (singularityhub.com)

First, they extract immature, unfertilised egg cells called oocytes from the ovaries of ewes. (newscientist.com)

In 2000, Texas A&M University cloned a Black Angus bull named 86 Squared, after cells from his donor, Bull 86, had been frozen for 15 years. (wikipedia.org)
Wilmut and his colleagues fuse the empty oocyte with the donor cell by bringing them together and subjecting them to an electric current. (newscientist.com)
Wilmut says there were so many failures because it is difficult to ensure that the empty oocyst and the donor cell are at the same stage of the cell division cycle. (newscientist.com)
However, an animal created through this technique would not be a precise genetic copy of the source of its nuclear DNA because each clone derives a small amount of its DNA from the mitochondria of the egg (which lie outside the nucleus) rather than from the donor of cell nucleus. (who.int)
Thus, the clone would be genetically identical to the nucleus donor only if the egg came from the same donor or from her maternal line. (who.int)
For example, stem cells could be generated using the nuclear transfer process described above, with the donor adult cell coming from a patient with diabetes or Alzheimer's. (eurostemcell.org)

Wilmut moved to the University of Edinburgh the following decade, focusing on using cloning to make stem cells for regenerative medicine. (yahoo.com)

Three more cloned calves were born in 1998. (wikipedia.org)

In 2001, Brazil cloned their first heifer, Vitória. (wikipedia.org)

Since both processes manipulate embryos, they alarm those who believe life begins at conception. (ssrn.com)

As our successes with cloning continue to mount, the chances for any of these teams to reproduce an extinct or endangered mammal will improve. (singularityhub.com)

As such, cloning refers to a procedure via which the production of a baby with a genetic factor that is identical to that of the parents occurs. (premiumessays.net)
Most natural cloning occurs in those species that produce their descendants asexually, that is, without combining the male and female genetic material. (who.int)

Conrad Hal Waddington's "Experiments on the Development of Chick and Duck Embryos, Cultivated in vitro," published in 1932 in Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Series B, compares the differences in the development of birds and amphibians. (asu.edu)

A Javan banteng calf was cloned from frozen cells using a cow as a surrogate, delivered via c-section on April 1, 2003, then hand raised at the San Diego Wild Animal Parks Infant Isolation Unit. (wikipedia.org)
This was Kansas State's first cloned calf. (wikipedia.org)
Pampa, a Jersey calf, was the first animal cloned in Argentina (by the company Bio Sidus) in 2002. (wikipedia.org)

Ralph (male, 2003) Injaz, a cloned female dromedary camel, was born in 2009 at the Camel Reproduction Center in Dubai, United Arab Emirates after an "uncomplicated" gestation of 378 days. (wikipedia.org)
Assuming a few years to find suitable mammoth DNA and adapt Wakayama's techniques for this experiment, and 600 days of gestation once the clone is implanted in an adult African elephant, we could have a mammoth birth in five years or so. (singularityhub.com)

The term "clone", from the Greek word for twig, denotes a group of identical entities. (who.int)
In sexual reproduction, clones are created when a fertilized egg splits to produce identical (monozygous) twins with identical genomes. (who.int)
Beyond this scientific interest, the commercial concern in animal cloning focuses on replicating large numbers of genetically identical animals, especially those derived from a progenitor that has been modified genetically. (who.int)
A clone is a group of genetically identical cells or organisms derived from a single cell or individual. (msdmanuals.com)

The latest experiments have also produced three lambs from the cells of a sheep fetus aborted after 26 days, and four from a nine-day-old embryo. (newscientist.com)

In this procedure, the nucleus of an egg cell is removed and replaced by the nucleus of a cell from another adult. (eurostemcell.org)
Not only would cloning-to-produce-children be a dangerous experimental procedure, one that cannot be consented to by its subjects (the children created by it), it is also a profound distortion of the moral meaning of human procreation. (thenewatlantis.com)

The term applies not only to entire organisms but also to copies of molecules (such as DNA) and cells. (who.int)
Unicellular for those cells that are derived from human organisms are primed to replicate (clone) pre-embryos, which seem to have a high themselves by nature. (who.int)

article: But, S. 303 does not outlaw the act of human cloning at all . (lifeissues.net)
The United States government can, and must, outlaw human cloning. (thenewatlantis.com)

Sooam Biotech, Korea cloned eight coyotes in 2011 using domestic dogs as surrogate mothers. (wikipedia.org)
Sooam Biotech, South Korea, was reported in 2015 to have cloned 700 dogs for their owners, including two Yakutian Laika hunting dogs, which are seriously endangered due to crossbreeding. (wikipedia.org)

In 2019, the first batch of monotocous cloned police dogs was born. (wikipedia.org)

A third view says that cloning will provide for the possibility of improvement by giving birth to children who are free of birth defects, because when any two people create a child through sex there is the possibility for genetic defects. (bartleby.com)

Anatomy48

Organisms29

Diseases4

Chemicals and Drugs50

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment49

Phenomena and Processes85

Disciplines and Occupations4

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena1

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Information Science5

Health Care3

Therapeutic18

Creation of cloned2

Surrogate mother4

Blastocyst4

Dolly16

World's5

Scientists20

Endorsed in 19971

Successfully9

Reproductive Cloning16

Early embryos1

19973

Megan and M1

Bovine6

Researchers12

Somatic cells2

Unethical3

SCNT2

Prohibit2

Genetically modified1

Parkinson's2

Morally2

Hwang7

Cows2

Humans5

Genes5

Cures1

Destruction of human1

Replication4

Naturally1

Eggs4

Organism6

Ethical2

Stem-cell work1

Adult somatic cell2

Research24

Snuppy1

Scientist3

Fertilization1

Wilmut's1

Womb1

Oocytes1

Donor6

Regenerative medicine1

19981

20011

Manipulate1

Mammal1

Occurs2

Vitro1

Calf3

Gestation2

Identical4

Lambs1

Procedure2

Organisms2

Outlaw2

Korea2

Batch1

Create1