Cloned human embryos clone cells. Medical search. Frequent questions

Some prohibit only cloning for reproductive purposes and allow the creation of cloned human embryos for research, whereas others prohibit the creation of cloned embryos for any purpose. (who.int)
Although the latest scientific work related to cloning has been focused on potential medical applications, much of that research is relevant to the creation of cloned children. (thenewatlantis.com)

Four embryonic stem cell lines from human fetal somatic cells were derived from those blastocysts. (wikipedia.org)
This was the first successful reprogramming of human somatic cells into embryonic stem cells using a cloning technique, SCNT. (news-medical.net)
SCNT refers to a process that entails transferring somatic cells of an existing organism into the oocyte where the nucleus came from (National Human Genome Research Institute Para 1). (premiumessays.net)
It is also our view that there are no sound reasons for treating the early-stage human embryo or cloned human embryo as anything special, or as having moral status greater than human somatic cells in tissue culture. (wikiquote.org)

This kind of cloning is today being performed at several scientific labs in the United States, despite the availability of alternative techniques that produce cells of nearly the same scientific and medical value but that require neither the creation nor destruction of human embryos. (thenewatlantis.com)
Other policy options, such as supposed compromises that would prohibit "reproductive cloning" but permit "therapeutic cloning" by prohibiting not the act of creating a cloned embryo but the act of transferring a cloned embryo to a woman's uterus, would inherently mandate the wide-scale destruction of human embryos. (thenewatlantis.com)

In 2004 and 2005, Hwang Woo-suk, a professor at Seoul National University, published two separate articles in the journal Science claiming to have successfully harvested pluripotent, embryonic stem cells from a cloned human blastocyst using SCNT techniques. (wikipedia.org)
The embryos were developed only to the blastocyst stage, at which point they were studied in processes that destroyed them. (wikipedia.org)
In SCNT they take the nucleolus out of an egg cell, replace it with the nucleolus of a somatic cell (body cell with two complete sets of chromosomes), and make the egg cell divide into a blastocyst ("What Is Cloning? (bartleby.com)
A blastocyst (cloned or not), because it lacks any trace of a nervous system, has no capacity for suffering or conscious experience in any form - the special properties that, in our view, spell the difference between biological tissue and a human life worthy of respect and rights. (wikiquote.org)

However, opponents argue that creating and experimenting with human embryos is unethical. (bbc.co.uk)
Many nations oppose human reproductive cloning as "inherently unethical. (wnd.com)
Cloning-for-biomedical-research is also profoundly unethical, as it turns human reproduction into a manufacturing process in the most literal sense: human embryos are created to serve as raw materials for the production of biomedical research supplies. (thenewatlantis.com)
Obtaining stem cells from a human embryo is highly unethical. (all.org)
Creating a human by cloning is widely seen as unethical, is illegal in many countries, and is technically difficult. (msdmanuals.com)

Dr Hwang, 52, gained worldwide fame after producing the world's first cloned human embryos and stem cells tailored to be used on individuals. (bbc.co.uk)
In addition, Hwang's credence was not completely gone because the world's first cloned dog that was born in 2005 and created by his team proved to be the real deal. (koreatimes.co.kr)

In 1972, he became the first scientist to successfully freeze, thaw and transfer a calf embryo, which he called "Frostie," to a surrogate mother. (yahoo.com)
Therapeutic cloning, known as "clone and kill" because the embryo is not transplanted into a surrogate mother for development, is favored by many scientists. (wnd.com)
The object of reproductive cloning is to implant the cloned embryo into a surrogate mother and permit the human child to develop. (wnd.com)
The cell will be injected into an egg to form an embryo and then transferred to a surrogate sow. (technologyreview.com)
The developing embryos were transplanted into a female sheep (the surrogate mother), where they developed naturally. (msdmanuals.com)

Although the possibility of cloning humans had been the subject of speculation for much of the 20th century, scientists and policymakers began to take the prospect seriously in 1969. (wikipedia.org)
Many nations outlawed it, while a few scientists promised to make a clone within the next few years. (wikipedia.org)
In 2011, scientists at the New York Stem Cell Foundation announced that they had succeeded in generating embryonic stem cell lines, but their process involved leaving the oocyte's nucleus in place, resulting in triploid cells, which would not be useful for cloning. (wikipedia.org)
In 2013, a group of scientists led by Shoukhrat Mitalipov published the first report of embryonic stem cells created using SCNT. (wikipedia.org)
The South Korean government has established an international stem cell research program with scientists in the United States and Britain. (voanews.com)
South Korean researchers would travel regularly to the labs to perform the complex task of creating embryos outside the womb and extracting new stem cell lines American, British, and other scientists could use for experiments on cures. (voanews.com)
Scientists say the old stem cell lines deteriorate and new ones are needed to advance work in this area. (voanews.com)
News reports quote South Korean President Roh Moo-hyun as saying that his government will try to resolve the ethical issues surrounding stem cell research so that the scientists can continue their work. (voanews.com)
There are no international laws governing the use of cells and embryos, but scientists said a tough regulatory climate - like that in force in the UK - could prevent such abuses or misunderstandings. (bbc.co.uk)
Scientists were initially interested in somatic-cell nuclear transfer as a means of determining whether genes remain functional even after most of them have been switched off as the cells in a developing organism assume their specialized functions as blood cells, muscle cells, and so forth. (who.int)
In 2013, scientists reported a successful SCNT procedure by modifying the protocol for specific human oocyte biology. (news-medical.net)
UK scientists have applied for permission to create embryos by fusing human DNA with cow eggs. (splendoroftruth.com)
Australia's federal cabinet moved this week to ban the use of leftover in-vitro fertilization embryos for research, provoking speculation that renowned Australian scientists may immigrate to countries where embryo research is permitted. (wnd.com)
However, following the successful derivation of human embryonic stem cells in 1998, the debate over human cloning largely shifted to the question of whether it is acceptable for scientists to create human embryos only to destroy them. (thenewatlantis.com)
But cloning research continued, and American scientists announced in 2013 that they had for the first time successfully obtained stem cells from cloned human embryos. (thenewatlantis.com)
1. Cloning is an umbrella term traditionally used by scientists to describe different processes for duplicating biological material. (who.int)
Religious groups believe that the raw material from which stem cells are sourced are themselves forms of human life, and by creating little chunks of humans in Petri dishes, scientists are, critics believe, playing God. (koreatimes.co.kr)
South Korean scientists say they have taken a major step forward in cloning human embryos for medical research purposes. (cnn.com)
After a few days, stem cells were formed, and scientists were able to remove them from the embryo and transfer them to a Petri dish. (cnn.com)
The technique, scientists say, was not designed to clone humans but to advance the understanding of the process known as therapeutic cloning, which could lead to treatment of diseases like diabetes and Parkinson's disease. (cnn.com)
JIE-AE: And scientists also caution it will take years of further research before stem cell science turns into actual therapies. (cnn.com)
These scientists experimented eagerly in aims of learning how to clone human. (benjaminbarber.org)
Shannon Brownlee of U. S. News & World Report writes, "Hall and other scientists split single humans embryos into identical copies, a technology that opens a Pandora's box of ethical questions and has sparked a storm of controversy around the world" (24). (benjaminbarber.org)
Common answers to the puzzling questions about humans and cloning are still trying to be answered today, and scientists and the public are eager to learn all they can about cloning. (benjaminbarber.org)
The con- is removed and replaced by a nucleus of cept of human cloning has long been in the another cell type, the stem cell will then imagination of many scientists, scholars and be reprogrammed to produce the product fiction writers [ 1 ]. (who.int)

Two commonly discussed types of human cloning are therapeutic cloning and reproductive cloning. (wikipedia.org)
Reproductive cloning would involve making an entire cloned human, instead of just specific cells or tissues. (wikipedia.org)
these are the "holy grail" that would be useful for therapeutic or reproductive cloning. (wikipedia.org)
The heated debate in our society over reproductive cloning, as well as therapeutic cloning to obtain embryonic stem cells, has been fueled by misconceptions and hyperbole on both sides. (flfamily.org)
Elaboration of an international convention against reproductive cloning of human beings has been under consideration in the United Nations since December 2001 when the subject was included in the agenda of the fifty- sixth session as a supplementary agenda item at the request of France and Germany. (who.int)
The first ever meeting of the Committee on an International Convention Against the Reproductive Cloning of Human Beings last week hosted national delegates and experts from Syria, Chile, Israel, Spain and the United States, among others. (wnd.com)
The committee is expected to "define a negotiation mandate" for a possible treaty to ban human reproductive cloning. (wnd.com)
Therapeutic cloning, as distinct from reproductive cloning, will lead to unprecedented medical advances, say researchers. (wnd.com)
Reproductive cloning is defended as a means of providing children for infertile couples or for homosexual pairs. (wnd.com)
Critics of reproductive cloning point out that it inevitably will be used to create a "master race" of humans. (wnd.com)
Reproductive cloning in animals has a 3-8 percent success rate. (wnd.com)
France and Germany originally proposed that human reproductive cloning be banned under a treaty to be negotiated at the U.N. (wnd.com)
Sen. Sam Brownback, R-Kan., is the sponsor of a bill, S. 1899, that provides a comprehensive ban on human cloning, both "therapeutic" cloning and reproductive cloning. (wnd.com)
2. Over the years, the international community has tried without success to build a consensus on an international convention against the reproductive cloning of human beings. (who.int)
3. Creating awareness among ministries of health in the African Region will provide them with critical and relevant information on the reproductive cloning of human beings and its implications to the health status of the general population. (who.int)
7. The WHO Regional Committee for Africa is invited to review this document for information and guidance concerning reproductive cloning of human beings. (who.int)
3. Media reports on nuclear transfer are usually about one form, reproductive nuclear transfer, also known as reproductive cloning of human beings . (who.int)
5. In 2001, France and Germany requested the United Nations General Assembly to develop international conventions on human reproductive cloning, therapeutic cloning and research on stem cells. (who.int)
Reproductive cloning is expensive and highly inefficient. (wikiquote.org)
Cloning technology, however, is perceived as having the potential for reproductive cloning, which raises serious ethical and moral concerns. (who.int)
Reproductive cloning versus germ cell (egg, ovum). (who.int)

With the cloning of a sheep known as Dolly in 1996 by somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT), the idea of human cloning became a hot debate topic. (wikipedia.org)
In January 2008, Dr. Andrew French and Samuel Wood of the biotechnology company Stemagen announced that they successfully created the first five mature human embryos using SCNT. (wikipedia.org)
In this experiment, the researchers developed a protocol for using SCNT in human cells, which differs slightly from the one used in other organisms. (wikipedia.org)
Dolly was the first successful cloning of a mammal from an adult somatic cell, demonstrating the viability of somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT). (yahoo.com)
Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) is a type of cloning that has to be done in a lab. (bartleby.com)
Indeed, if passed, Hatch/Feinstein/Kerry would explicitly legalize doing in humans the very cloning procedure -- somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) -- that was used to make Dolly the sheep . (lifeissues.net)
Comment: Indeed, if passed, "total cloning bans" H.R. 534, H.R. 234, H.R. 916, and S. 245 would not ban anything either - not even the SCNT cloning technique that was used to make Dolly the sheep. (lifeissues.net)
One cloning technology that has been developed for mammalian and human cells is somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT). (news-medical.net)
SCNT is a method of cloning mammalian cells that can be used to create personalized embryonic stem cells from an adult animal or human. (news-medical.net)
This has led to a lot of interest in SCNT, which is best known as the method used to pioneer whole animal cloning technology, such as Dolly the sheep. (news-medical.net)
But SCNT can also be used to clone human cells for transplant or other therapies. (news-medical.net)
In humans, a major roadblock in achieving successful SCNT leading to embryonic stem cells has been the fact that human SCNT embryos fail to progress beyond the eight-cell stage. (news-medical.net)
Another successful attempt at human SCNT was made using cells from two adult males. (news-medical.net)
The American Medical Association (AMA) defines human cloning as genetically identical organism's production through a process of somatic cell's nuclear transfer (SCNT). (premiumessays.net)
체세포 핵 치환 (Somatic-cell nuclear transfer, SCNT)은 난자 의 핵 을 제거한 후에, 체세포 의 핵을 이식하여 복제 를 하는 기술을 말한다. (wikipedia.org)

The collaboration gives U.S. researchers a way to overcome funding restrictions imposed by the Bush administration and participate in stem cell research. (voanews.com)
The project, called the World Stem Cell Hub, is headquartered at Seoul National University, where researchers led by Hwang Woo-Suk have been in the vanguard of stem cell research. (voanews.com)
A cloning pioneer regarded as a hero in his South Korean homeland has resigned and apologised for using human eggs from his own researchers. (bbc.co.uk)
Researchers have determined that several steps in the protocol were critical for human cellular reprogramming. (news-medical.net)
Researchers from Newcastle University and Kings College, London, have asked the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority for a three-year licence. (splendoroftruth.com)
hero" is the right word for how Hwang Woo-suk is revered by the media -- and by a large section of the Korean public who have bought into the false promises of embryonic stem cell and cloning researchers. (blogspot.com)
A Korean television station whose investigative report was the nail in the coffin that prompted human cloning scientist Hwang Woo-suk to admit he lied about egg donations his researchers made says he may have lied about the results of his research as well. (blogspot.com)
SOHN JIE-AE, CNN CORRESPONDENT (voice-over): South Korean researchers report that they have created embryos through cloning, not for the purpose of making babies, but to create stem cells for scientific research. (cnn.com)
JIE-AE: The researchers took an egg from a Korean woman, removed all the material from that egg, then injected DNA from another cell from the same woman with a chemical bath. (cnn.com)
UK researchers have rejuvenated the skin cells of a 53-year-old woman so they are the equivalent of a 23-year-olds. (zmescience.com)
The technique used by Reik and his team comes from the 1990s when researchers from the Roslin Institute found a way to turn an adult mammary gland cell taken from a sheep into an embryo. (zmescience.com)

The South Korean stem-cell researcher Woo Suk Hwang has been at the centre of one of the largest investigations of scientific fraud in living memory. (nature.com)
With Hwang discredited, both the field of therapeutic cloning and the public's trust in science have suffered a serious setback. (nature.com)
Hwang claimed to have created eleven different patient-specific stem cell lines. (wikipedia.org)
Professor Hwang Woo-suk was chairman of the World Stem Cell Hub, which opened this month, based in Seoul. (bbc.co.uk)
Earlier this month Gerald Schatten, a prominent American colleague of Dr Hwang, broke off their collaboration saying he was concerned by the way the group procured human eggs. (bbc.co.uk)
Scientist Hwang Woo-suk has been granted patents for human embryonic stem cells and the related technology in the United States, according to the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO), Tuesday. (koreatimes.co.kr)
The U.S. patents on the cell line at issue, dubbed NT-1, are expected to give a fresh momentum to Hwang who is striving to resume his research on cloned human stem cells, which have great therapeutic potential. (koreatimes.co.kr)
Against this backdrop, I sincerely hope the government will allow Hwang to restart work on cloned human embryos. (koreatimes.co.kr)
Hwang and his lieutenants created NT-1 in 2003 and claimed that it was the world's first stem cell batch extracted from cloned human embryos. (koreatimes.co.kr)
But Hwang suffered setbacks as he was found to have doctored data from experiments on patient-specific stem cells, which were also printed by the peer-reviewed U.S. journal in 2005. (koreatimes.co.kr)
Arguing NT-1 is indeed a clone, Hwang has tried to resume his work on human stem cells but the government has yet to allow him. (koreatimes.co.kr)
South Korean professor and cloning pioneer Hwang Woo-suk, is in yet more trouble. (blogspot.com)
Hwang Woo-suk became the first researcher in the world to clone a dog, an Afghan hound named Snuppy, in 2005. (koreatimes.co.kr)
The fall from grace of stem cell scientist Hwang Woo-suk would be as spectacular as his meteoric ascent. (koreatimes.co.kr)
Hwang said his team had created a single cell line from 242 human eggs. (koreatimes.co.kr)
PROF. HWANG YOON-YOUNG, HANYANG UNIVERSITY (through translator): Our research team has successfully culled stem cells from a cloned human embryo through mature growing process in a test tube. (cnn.com)

The embryo is thus formed and implanted into the woman's uterus. (benjaminbarber.org)

A clone is an organism that is a genetic copy of an existing one. (who.int)
The science fiction definition of "clone" suggests that the cloned organism would be an exact genetic copy of another creature-human or beast-created in the laboratory by any of a number of means. (all.org)
There are differences-so much so that despite the "exact copy" claim, the cloned organism is actually unique genetically. (all.org)
XI - embryonic stem cells: embryonic cells that are capable of modifying the cells of any organism tissue. (hinxtongroup.org)
… "embryo" means a human organism during the first 56 days of its development following fertilization or creation, excluding any time during which its development has been suspended, and includes any cell derived from such an organism that is used for the purpose of creating a human being. (hinxtongroup.org)
However, cloning need not only be used to create a whole organism. (msdmanuals.com)
Whether a cell used for a clone produces a specific type of tissue, a specific organ, or an entire organism depends on the potential of the cell-that is, how highly the cell has developed into a particular type of tissue. (msdmanuals.com)
For example, certain cells called stem cells have the potential to produce a wide variety of tissue types or even possibly an entire organism. (msdmanuals.com)

Creating embryonic stem cells and creating human beings for the purpose of destroying them for science crosses that line in my opinion. (voanews.com)
A United Nations ad hoc committee has opened discussions on the merits and morality of cloning human beings, addressing many new questions that arise when considering the impact of such practice. (wnd.com)
The New Atlantis is building a culture in which science and technology work for, not on, human beings. (thenewatlantis.com)
The use of the technique of nuclear transfer for reproduction of human beings is surrounded by strong ethical concerns and controversies and is considered a threat to human dignity. (who.int)
Claims that you could clone individual treatments of human beings to treat common diseases like diabetes, suggests you need a huge supply of human eggs. (wikiquote.org)
A stem cell is a type of cell found throughout the body of all human beings. (all.org)
If you're armed with the facts, you can defend millions of embryonic human beings, and maybe even help celebrities and media figures learn the truth. (all.org)
We face a problem today even greater than the one in this book and it involves the duplication of human beings in a society that has always been known for its diversity. (benjaminbarber.org)

General Assembly the following year,3 and the World Medical Association's Resolution on Cloning, endorsed in 1997, have confronted the issue but lack binding legal force. (who.int)

The term applies not only to entire organisms but also to copies of molecules (such as DNA) and cells. (who.int)
In biology , cloning is the process of producing similar populations of genetically identical individuals that occurs in nature when organisms such as bacteria , insects or plants reproduce asexually . (wikiquote.org)
Cloning in biotechnology refers to processes used to create copies of DNA fragments ( molecular cloning ), cells (cell cloning), or organisms . (wikiquote.org)
Church proposed to use DNA from extinct species to clone and breed new organisms from those species. (asu.edu)
It is a method that involves the production of a group of identical cells or organisms that all derive from a single individual (Grolier 220). (benjaminbarber.org)
Unicellular for those cells that are derived from human organisms are primed to replicate (clone) pre-embryos, which seem to have a high themselves by nature. (who.int)
A clone is a group of genetically identical cells or organisms derived from a single cell or individual. (msdmanuals.com)

A year before Dolly, he successfully cloned two lambs (Megan and Morag) whose cells were taken from sheep embryos. (yahoo.com)
Dolly's successful birth in 1996 marked the first time a mammal was successfully cloned from an adult cell. (yahoo.com)
Action by various states, nations and international organizations was spurred by the November announcement by Massachusetts-based Advanced Cell Technology that it had successfully cloned human embryos. (wnd.com)
Last year, Hwang's team said it successfully cloned a human embryo from embryonic stem cells. (blogspot.com)
However, Korean television station MBC has conducted interviews with an unnamed member of Hwang's research team who says the cells were never cloned successfully. (blogspot.com)
On the other hand, research involving adult stem cells has not only been around for a long time, it has also been used successfully for decades! (all.org)

It's given name is the "Human Cloning Ban and Stem Cell Research Protection Act of 2003," the stated purpose of which, supposedly, is to "prohibit human cloning and to protect important areas of medical research, including stem cell research. (lifeissues.net)
General Assembly the adoption of a declaration on human cloning by which Member States were called upon to prohibit all forms of human cloning inasmuch as they are incompatible with human dignity and the protection of human life. (who.int)

Sir Ian Wilmut, the scientist who led the team that cloned Dolly the sheep in 1996, has died at 79. (yahoo.com)
While Dolly proved that cells could be used to create a copy of the animal they came from, Wilmut's next experiment proved that they could also be altered. (yahoo.com)
Although many species produce clonal offspring in this fashion, Dolly, the lamb born in 1996 at a research institute in Scotland, was the first asexually produced mammalian clone. (who.int)
Somatic-cell nuclear transfer, the technique by which Dolly was created, was first used 40 years ago in research with tadpoles and frogs. (who.int)
When the world learned in 1997 of Dolly the sheep, the first clone produced from an adult mammal, a broad public discussion about the ethics of human cloning ensued, largely focused on the nature, meaning, and future of human procreation. (thenewatlantis.com)
This led to the creation of Dolly the cloned sheep . (zmescience.com)
In the now-famous "Dolly" experiments, cells from a sheep (donor cells) were fused with unfertilized sheep eggs from another sheep (recipient cells) from which the natural genetic material was removed by microsurgery. (msdmanuals.com)
One of the embryos survived, and the resulting lamb was named Dolly. (msdmanuals.com)
As expected, Dolly was an exact genetic copy of the original sheep from which the donor cells were taken, not of the sheep that provided the eggs. (msdmanuals.com)

Polly, born in 1997, was the first genetically modified cloned mammal. (yahoo.com)
WHA50.37 of 1997 argues that human cloning is ethically unacceptable and contrary to human integrity and morality. (who.int)
1997. Metabolic activation of aromatic amines by human pancreas. (cdc.gov)

Can biotechnology firms claim genetically modified, or GM, human embryos as intellectual property rights? (wnd.com)

In January 2006, Hwang's home research institution, Seoul National University, delivered a damning report about Hwang's work on cloned human embryos, concluding it was all based on fraudulent data. (nature.com)
A chronology of Woo Suk Hwang's stem-cell research. (nature.com)
According to the English-language newspaper South Korea Herald , the Ministry of Health and Welfare says the new World Stem Cell Hub combines South Korean expertise in stem cell research with broader U.S. and European knowledge of diseases. (voanews.com)
U.S. stem cell research has lagged because of Bush administration funding restrictions. (voanews.com)
The government, the country's largest source of research grants, provides money only for study on stem cells obtained before August, 2001, when President Bush announced this restriction. (voanews.com)
He and many others argue that it is immoral to create embryos for research purposes and recruit women to donate eggs. (voanews.com)
I applaud what they are doing, but I regret that the United States is falling farther behind in world leadership in scientific research generally and specifically on stem cell research,' said Mr. Specter. (voanews.com)
Paul Wagle, M.A., discusses his experience with a life-saving adult stem cell treatment, and the importance of promoting ethical approaches to medical research. (flfamily.org)
CLI's Vice President and Research Director, Dr. David Prentice, recently joined Molly Smith, host of From the Median, to explain the science, history, and politics of stem cells. (flfamily.org)
Pro-cloning forces have been working hard to convince state governments to pass constitutional amendments enshrining a "right" to clone and to destroy embryos for research. (flfamily.org)
For decades, proponents of destructive embryo research have given at least lip service recognition to the serious ethical concerns inherent to such research. (flfamily.org)
The professor said he was resigning from all public posts, including his chairmanship of the World Stem Cell Hub, which is designed to produce stem cell lines for disease research worldwide. (bbc.co.uk)
The research conducted by his team requires large numbers of human eggs, which are difficult to obtain. (bbc.co.uk)
The hybrid human-bovine embryos would be used for stem cell research and would not be allowed to develop for more than a few days. (splendoroftruth.com)
I'm pro-stem-cell-research, but lean towards opposing this move simply because I expect little value from it, while finding the political, ethical, and medical issues (do we really want to be engineering vectors that could help animal diseases to cross over to people? (splendoroftruth.com)
The first day of debate provoked strong arguments both in favor of freedom of research and in favor of a ban on human cloning. (wnd.com)
The human embryo is cloned, then used only for research or therapeutic treatments. (wnd.com)
Cloning-for-biomedical-research also endangers the health and safety of the women called on to undergo dangerous hormone treatments to serve as egg donors. (thenewatlantis.com)
If research cloning is not stopped now, we face the prospect of the mass farming of human embryos and fetuses, and the transformation of the noble enterprise of biomedical research into a grotesque system of exploitation and death. (thenewatlantis.com)
The Threat of Human Cloning concludes by calling for laws prohibiting both human cloning and the creation of embryos for research. (thenewatlantis.com)
Some cells differentiate to become stem cells which produce tissues and tissues develop to become organs (National Human Genome Research Institute Para 2). (premiumessays.net)
The petition recognizes that many "Canadians suffer from debilitating illnesses and diseases" and that the petitioners "support ethical stem cell research that has already shown encouraging potential to provide cures and therapies for these illnesses and diseases. (lifesitenews.com)
And the MSM (mainstream media), who remain desperately committed to push embryonic stem cell research despite its failures, dangers, and immoral foundations, may soon be reeling at the fall of one of their heroes. (blogspot.com)
embryonic stem cell research has not had a good year. (blogspot.com)
Then, in February 2004 he dropped a bombshell, claiming that his SNU research team had cloned the first human embryos and extracted stem cells from them. (koreatimes.co.kr)
Moreover, they can be used independently to research how, for example, diseases attack cells. (koreatimes.co.kr)
The neo-conservative administration of George W Bush ― an administration with a strongly Christian support base to appease ― banned stem cell research. (koreatimes.co.kr)
YOON-YOUNG (through translator): The result of our research proves it is possible scientifically for human cloning, and we are likely to revive the controversy over human cloning. (cnn.com)
KAGAN: Supporters of therapeutic cloning say it holds tremendous promise of medical research, but ethical concerns arise because the research destroys human embryos. (cnn.com)
This major breakthrough in embryo research has provided large numbers of women the possibility of becoming pregnant, and subsequent advances have dramatically increased their chances. (asu.edu)
The "pros" and "cons" of human cloning research have already been dealt with at length in the literature, so they will not be reviewed here. (lifeissues.net)
Rather, after having published analyses of dozens of state, national, federal and international legislative attempts to ban human cloning research, I simply wish to offer seriously considered suggestions for the use of scientifically accurate language and definitions to be used in such endeavors in order to prevent loopholes which would result in much human cloning not being really banned. (lifeissues.net)
Many of these accurate definitions can also be used in bills and treaties concerning related issues, e.g., human embryonic stem cell research, human genetic engineering, abortion, the use of abortifacients, conscience clauses, IVF and other artificial reproductive technology research and regulation, etc. (lifeissues.net)
No harm comes to the person whose stem cells are obtained for research in such a fashion. (all.org)
There are those in the government and scientific community who say more money must be spent on human embryonic stem cell research because it holds the most promise for helping people with conditions such as Alzheimer's disease. (all.org)
Alzheimer's researcher Ned Potter said, however, that human embryonic stem cell research would not help the Alzheimer's patient at all. (all.org)
Contrary to the impression many people have, research involving human embryonic stem cells is not new. (all.org)
Yet, human embryonic stem cell research has thus far been unsuccessful in the quest to develop any therapeutic treatments. (all.org)
Therefore, it is speculated that those who support human embryonic stem cell research are clamoring loudly for taxpayer dollars because private companies know human embryonic stem cell research is neither worth their time nor their money. (all.org)
It is further speculated that those who support human embryonic stem cell research are also seeking human embryos for the purposes of human cloning. (all.org)
While stem cell research and human cloning are complex topics, the facts are readily available. (all.org)
This paper outlines the debates prompted through a reproduction mechanism involv- by progress in cloning research, with special ing male and female germ cells. (who.int)

The authenticity of NT-1 also came under suspicions and some claimed that it was generated via asexual reproduction, not cloning, to further shrink the standing of the former Seoul National University professor. (koreatimes.co.kr)

The term is generally used to refer to artificial human cloning, which is the reproduction of human cells and tissue. (wikipedia.org)
Stem cells are the basic, undifferentiated cells in embryos that can develop into any kind of tissue. (voanews.com)
If there are intact cells in this tissue they have been 'stored' frozen. (wikiquote.org)
Obtaining stem cells from fatty tissue, bone marrow, or the umbilical cord after the birth of a baby, on the other hand, may be done ethically. (all.org)
One of the greatest controversies triggered tissue, a stem cell encoding for heart tissue by the rapid pace of evolution in biology, will eventually develop into heart tissue particularly in genomics and biotechnology, and so on. (who.int)

Thus to use the phrase "of an existing or previously existing human being" to refer to the product of human cloning would not be a scientifically accurate description of the cloned or genetically engineered human embryo -- thus creating yet another loophole in the bill or treaty. (lifeissues.net)

The report offers an ethical and policy analysis, articulating what makes cloning morally repugnant and calling for the practice to be definitively prohibited in the United States. (thenewatlantis.com)
This paper's main objective is to support the argument that embryo's cloning for one's self to serve as the stem cells' source for purposes of therapy should be considered morally permissible for people who want to prolong lives via this type of therapeutic option . (premiumessays.net)
It is always and in every case morally wrong to intentionally kill an innocent human being at any point in life, including the embryonic stage of development. (all.org)

A third view says that cloning will provide for the possibility of improvement by giving birth to children who are free of birth defects, because when any two people create a child through sex there is the possibility for genetic defects. (bartleby.com)
The reality of genetic defects passed on to the cloned child ought to be discussed, according to Fernando Zegers-Hochschild, director of the Unit of Reproductive Medicine at Clinica Las Condes in Santiago, Chile. (wnd.com)
Studies suggest that cloned higher animals (and thus humans) are more likely to have serious or fatal genetic defects than normally conceived offspring. (msdmanuals.com)

The stem cells suits human needs, does not cause harm and can be obtained from both adult and fetal does not conflict with religious beliefs, it has tissues, umbilical cord and early embryos. (who.int)

A type of cloning that occurs naturally is when identical twins are born ("What Is Cloning? (bartleby.com)
Moreover, most early-stage embryos that are produced naturally (that is, through the union of egg and sperm resulting from sexual intercourse) fail to implant and are therefore wasted or destroyed. (wikiquote.org)

Human cloning science offers the possibility that stem cells harvested from cloned embryos could be used to treat diseases like Parkinson's, diabetes and heart disease. (bbc.co.uk)
Cloning humans has recently become a possibility that seems much more feasible in today's society than it was twenty years ago. (benjaminbarber.org)
It is not known when or how cloning humans really became a possibility, but it is known that there are two possible ways that we can clone humans. (benjaminbarber.org)
The main issue as to whether or not human cloning is possible through the splitting of embryos began in 1993 when experimentation was done at George Washington University Medical Center in Washington D. C. There Dr. Jerry Hall experimented with the possibility of human cloning and began this moral and ethical debate. (benjaminbarber.org)
There it was concluded that cloning is not something that can be done as of now, but it is quite a possibility for the future. (benjaminbarber.org)

However, the idea of cloning humans is a highly charged topic. (bartleby.com)
There is no doubt that many problems involving the technological and ethical sides of this issue will arise and will be virtually impossible to avoid, but the overall idea of cloning humans is one that we should accept as a possible reality for the future. (benjaminbarber.org)

In this case, each embryo was created by taking a nucleus from a skin cell (donated by Wood and a colleague) and inserting it into a human egg from which the nucleus had been removed. (wikipedia.org)

Cloning: Do we even need eggs? (nature.com)
South Korea's health ministry also admitted that other women were paid thousands of dollars for their eggs, though this took place without Dr Hwang's knowledge and before a new law outlawed trading in human eggs. (bbc.co.uk)
Even if you don't have a religious view of the sanctity of life, you have to ask is there going to be a massive trade in human eggs from poor women to rich countries. (wikiquote.org)
Then the genetic material from the donor cells was transferred into the unfertilized eggs. (msdmanuals.com)
The eggs then started to develop into embryos. (msdmanuals.com)

Hwang's early work was with pigs and cows, though his cloning experiments in this field, while gaining him some visibility within Korea, were not backed up by internationally credible data. (koreatimes.co.kr)
Human cloning is a reality, with human cloning experiments now being conducted-not by fictional wild-eyed rebels, but by credentialed experts working in some of the world's most respected institutions, some of which are publicly funded with tax dollars. (all.org)

Dr. Condic discusses the beginning of human life and the moral status of the human being. (flfamily.org)
Not only would cloning-to-produce-children be a dangerous experimental procedure, one that cannot be consented to by its subjects (the children created by it), it is also a profound distortion of the moral meaning of human procreation. (thenewatlantis.com)
The embryo that is used to produce stem cells has an arguable moral status. (premiumessays.net)
The other moral principle entails the duty that every human has to value and to revere human life. (premiumessays.net)
As such, when a person opts to clone their embryo in order to produce stem cells that can be used for therapeutic purposes that will prolong life, they violate one of these moral principles which entail protecting human life as a duty. (premiumessays.net)
DARYN KAGAN, ANCHOR: Another story we're watching very closely today, the medical and moral debate over cloning. (cnn.com)
Considered contrary to the moral law, since (it is in) opposition to the dignity both of human procreation and of the conjugal union. (wikiquote.org)

Cloning of human cells is a technology that holds the potential to cure many diseases and provide a source of exactly matched transplant tissues and organs. (news-medical.net)
Cloning also entails organs and tissues production through cell implantation in cultures with the real embryo that will be born. (premiumessays.net)

Isn't the basis for The Island of Doctor Moreau based on a mad scientist who creates hybrids of humans and animals? (splendoroftruth.com)
Oh, and the original Island of Dr Moreau involves a scientist using vivisection (the then-current "weird" science activity, opposed by humane secularists and religionists alike) to reshape animals into human-like creatures. (splendoroftruth.com)
According to MBC, the scientist "maintains that Hwang's team fabricated data because in reality it failed to clone a somatic cell and instead used a frozen embryo from the hospital to make stem cells. (blogspot.com)

He strived to create modified sheep that would produce milk with proteins that could treat human diseases. (yahoo.com)
These cells have been sought after as potential therapies for diseases ranging from heart disease to Parkinson's to cancer. (news-medical.net)
There are more than 70 diseases or conditions-including leukemia, immune system and other blood disorders, cancers, and autoimmune diseases-that respond well when adult stem cell therapy is used. (all.org)
However, the use of stem cells to treat diseases is still extremely limited in the present day. (zmescience.com)

2. Nuclear transfer is a technique used to duplicate genetic material by creating an embryo through the transfer and fusion of a diploid cell in an enucleated female oocyte.2 Cloning has a broader meaning than nuclear transfer as it also involves gene replication and natural or induced embryo splitting (see Annex 1). (who.int)
WHA50.37, which states "the use of cloning for the replication of human individuals is ethically unacceptable and contrary to human integrity and morality. (who.int)
However, it appears that the ability of the In its simplest form, cloning is defined stem cells to transform is limited, except as the exact replication of cells. (who.int)
1990. Cell replication and unscheduled DNA synthesis (UDS) activity of low molecular weight chlorinated paraffins in the rat liver in vivo. (cdc.gov)

The adult cell nuclei were transferred into metaphase-II stage human oocytes, producing a karyotypically normal diploid embryonic stem cell line from each of the adult male donor cells. (news-medical.net)
… "human clone" means an embryo that, as a result of the manipulation of human reproductive material or an in vitro embryo, contains a diploid set of chromosomes obtained from a single - living or deceased - human being, fetus, or embryo. (hinxtongroup.org)

The therapeutic potential of cloned human cells has been demonstrated by another study using human oocytes to reprogram adult cells of a type 1 diabetic. (news-medical.net)

But Democratic Party Senator Mary Landrieu opposes the embryo cloning and stem cell work being done in South Korea. (voanews.com)

The nucleus of an adult somatic cell (such as a skin cell) is removed and transferred to an enucleated egg, which is then stimulated with electric current or chemicals to activate cell division. (who.int)
if it implants and the pregnancy goes to term, the resulting individual will carry the same nuclear genetic material as the donor of the adult somatic cell. (who.int)

Most natural cloning occurs in those species that produce their descendants asexually, that is, without combining the male and female genetic material. (who.int)
As such, cloning refers to a procedure via which the production of a baby with a genetic factor that is identical to that of the parents occurs. (premiumessays.net)
The external view column (images a.1-a.6) shows gastrulation as it occurs on the outside of the embryo. (asu.edu)

His team spliced the host's genes with a human gene to create a sheep that would produce a protein missing from people with hemophilia. (yahoo.com)
By transferring adult cell DNA into an embryonic stem cell, it is possible to create a line of immortal embryonic cells that are able to develop into any type of adult cell, genetically identical to the donor. (news-medical.net)
Dermal fibroblasts were taken from a 35-year old male and a 75-year-old male and used to create embryonic stem cells. (news-medical.net)
Although attempts have not yet been made to create a therapeutic transplant from embryonic stem cells, the methods have been developed to allow the creation of functional, mature cells using human cell cloning technology. (news-medical.net)
I guess they want to create a missteak or perhaps dairy farms will start delivering the milk of human kindness. (splendoroftruth.com)
They attempted to create seventeen human embryos in a laboratory dish and when it had grown enough, separated them into forty-eight individual cells. (benjaminbarber.org)
However, their real aim was to create so-called human embryonic stem cells to replace worn-out body parts. (zmescience.com)

Wilmut moved to the University of Edinburgh the following decade, focusing on using cloning to make stem cells for regenerative medicine. (yahoo.com)

Many sources state that cloning is just simply an extension of in vitro fertilization, but the root of cloning goes further than that. (benjaminbarber.org)
Cloning embryos is different from the genetic process of in vitro fertilization, but still holds many similarities with it. (benjaminbarber.org)

What they are trying to do is removing the "goodies" (DNA, etc.) from the inside of a bovine ovum (egg) and replacing it with entirely human DNA. (splendoroftruth.com)
This is Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer (aka, cloning), only it uses a different host cell (bovine, rather than human). (splendoroftruth.com)
In January, the company revealed that a promising bovine study confirmed their expectations that cloned embryo cells could be directed to grow a functioning organ. (wnd.com)

Although the simple use of the word 'clone' may have negative connotations, many people have resigned themselves to the idea of cloning cows that produce more milk or using a cloned mouse for use in controlled experimentation. (bartleby.com)

The right to have children is understood in very different ways and people's ethics and values are put to the test each and everyday when they find out they not only must take care of themselves but the lives of another human being. (bartleby.com)

Some of the what determines how an embryo develops into a fetus is the protein structure of the initial egg. (splendoroftruth.com)
The embryo develops normally and is born with unpredictable characteristics of both the man and the woman. (benjaminbarber.org)
The basic techniques of of the implanted nucleus, when it fully cloning have been known for some time, and develops. (who.int)

Specifically, many wondered: If they're doing sheep now, how long until they clone humans? (yahoo.com)
The technology is based on the techniques used to famously clone the sheep more than 25 years ago. (zmescience.com)
However, such simple techniques do not work with higher animals, such as sheep or humans. (msdmanuals.com)

It is important in the pursuit of progress to not undermine human dignity, and there is a line that can be drawn between progress and human dignity,' she noted. (voanews.com)
This technique is surrounded by strong ethical concerns and is considered a threat to human dignity. (who.int)

The possibilities of human cloning have raised controversies. (wikipedia.org)

In sexual reproduction, clones are created when a fertilized egg splits to produce identical (monozygous) twins with identical genomes. (who.int)
Developments in biotechnology have raised new concerns about animal welfare, as farm animals now have their genomes modified (genetically engineered) or copied (cloned) to propagate certain traits useful to agribusiness, such as meat yield or feed conversion. (wikiquote.org)

In his speech on "Biological Possibilities for the Human Species of the Next Ten Thousand Years" at the Ciba Foundation Symposium on Man and his Future in 1963, he said: It is extremely hopeful that some human cell lines can be grown on a medium of precisely known chemical composition. (wikipedia.org)
Given that we have an efficiency of 1% cloning for livestock species and if only one in a thousand cells are viable then around 100,000 cells would need to be transferred. (wikiquote.org)

Two common methods of therapeutic cloning that are being researched are somatic-cell nuclear transfer and (more recently) pluripotent stem cell induction. (wikipedia.org)
The resulting cells were pluripotent and could be differentiated into insulin-producing beta cells to restore the function of the pancreas in the donor. (news-medical.net)
His new method, known as induced pluripotent stem cells (IPS) , added chemicals to adult cells for about 50 days. (zmescience.com)

The first hybrid human clone was created in November 1998, by Advanced Cell Technology. (wikipedia.org)

Anatomy51

Organisms19

Diseases9

Chemicals and Drugs41

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment56

Psychiatry and Psychology2

Phenomena and Processes76

Disciplines and Occupations6

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Humanities10

Information Science8

Health Care1

Creation of cloned2

Somatic cells4

Destruction of human embryos2

Blastocyst4

Unethical5

World's first cloned2

Surrogate5

Scientists25

Reproductive Cloning21

SCNT15

Researchers11

Hwang16

Woman's uterus1

Organism8

Beings8

Endorsed in 19971

Organisms7

Successfully6

Prohibit2

Dolly9

19973

Genetically modified1

Research42

Asexual reproduction1

Tissue5

Scientifically1

Morally3

Genetic defects3

Umbilical cord1

Naturally2

Possibility5

Idea of clonin2

Created by taking a1

Eggs5

Experiments2

Moral7

Tissues2

Scientist3

Diseases4

Replication4

Diploid2

Therapeutic potential1

Stem-cell work1

Adult somatic cell2

Occurs3

Create7

Make stem cells1

Vitro2

Bovine3

Experimentation1

Ethics1

Develops3

Sheep3

Dignity2

Controversies1

Genomes2

Species2

Pluripotent3

19981