Cloned human embryos 1996 clone cells. Medical search. Frequent questions

Sir Ian Wilmut, the scientist who led the team that cloned Dolly the sheep in 1996, has died at 79. (yahoo.com)
Wilmut moved to the University of Edinburgh the following decade, focusing on using cloning to make stem cells for regenerative medicine. (yahoo.com)
British scientist Ian Wilmut, whose research was central to the creation of the cloned animal, Dolly the Sheep, has died at the age of 79, the University of Edinburgh said on Monday. (cyprus-mail.com)
Wilmut, along with Keith Campbell from the animal sciences research institute in Scotland, generated news headlines and heated ethical debates in 1996 when they created Dolly, the first mammal to be cloned from an adult cell. (cyprus-mail.com)
Ian Wilmut, the cloning pioneer whose research was critical to the creation of Dolly the Sheep, has died, the Roslin Institute at the University of Edinburgh said Monday. (wgnradio.com)
LONDON (AP) - Ian Wilmut, the cloning pioneer whose work was critical to the creation of Dolly the Sheep in 1996, has died at age 79. (wgnradio.com)
Wilmut set off a global discussion about the ethics of cloning when he announced that his team at the university's Roslin Institute for animal biosciences had cloned a lamb using the nucleus of a cell from an adult sheep. (wgnradio.com)
Wilmut, a trained embryologist, later focused on using cloning techniques to make stem cells that could be used in regenerative medicine. (wgnradio.com)

The National Institutes of Health defines a human embryo as "the developing organism from the time of fertilization until the end of the eighth week of gestation. (archstl.org)
The proper definition of cloning is the reproduction of a replicate organism without fertilization or fusion of gonad cells. (payforessay.net)
What happens in reproductive cloning is that a duplicate copy of another organism is made. (nyln.org)
A new organism is created by asexual reproduction using a duplicate of a single cell from the parent organism. (geminigenetics.com)
This is the most known form of cloning and involves creating a genetically identical replica of a whole organism. (geminigenetics.com)
The process of reproductive cloning involves the nucleus of a somatic (body) cell from a donor organism to be cloned being transferred into an egg cell whose nucleus (genetic material) has been removed. (geminigenetics.com)
Going from engineered cells to whole organism has been especially well established in mice, and [there's] no obvious reason why it would fail in other mammals. (nationalgeographic.com)
Scientists were initially interested in somatic-cell nuclear transfer as a means of determining whether genes remain functional even after most of them have been switched off as the cells in a developing organism assume their specialized functions as blood cells, muscle cells, and so forth. (who.int)

Polly, born in 1997, was the first genetically modified cloned mammal. (yahoo.com)
What experiments were completed in 1996, 1997 and 1998 that we won't know about until 1999 to 2001 - if then? (globalchange.com)
General Assembly the following year,3 and the World Medical Association's Resolution on Cloning, endorsed in 1997, have confronted the issue but lack binding legal force. (who.int)
1997. Metabolic activation of aromatic amines by human pancreas. (cdc.gov)

Dolly was the first successful cloning of a mammal from an adult somatic cell, demonstrating the viability of somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT). (yahoo.com)
Dolly's successful birth in 1996 marked the first time a mammal was successfully cloned from an adult cell. (yahoo.com)
Dolly, named after country singer Dolly Parton, was the first mammal to be cloned from an adult cell, using a process called somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT). (cyprus-mail.com)
A year before Dolly, he successfully cloned two lambs (Megan and Morag) whose cells were taken from sheep embryos.University of EdinburghDolly's successful birth in 1996 marked the first time a mammal was successfully cloned from an adult cell. (sp1ndex.com)
But it was the successful cloning of Dolly the Sheep in 1996 that made waves around the world for she was the first mammal to be created using the procedure. (nyln.org)
Professor Campbell was instrumental in the creation of Dolly the Sheep, the first cloned mammal, a breakthrough which paved the way for the successful cloning of many other mammal species. (nottingham.ac.uk)
Dolly the Sheep, the first mammal to be cloned from an adult derived somatic cell, was born in 1996. (nottingham.ac.uk)
His pioneering studies into cell-cycle control and cellular differentiation led to the programme of work at Roslin that gave birth to the first mammal to be cloned from adult cells - ie. (nottingham.ac.uk)
Since the 1996 birth of Dolly the sheep, the world's first cloned mammal, scientists have greatly expanded and improved on cloning techniques. (nationalgeographic.com)

The reconstructed egg was then stimulated to develop into an embryo and implanted into a surrogate mother sheep. (scinotions.com)
The resulting embryo is then implanted into a surrogate mother, resulting in the birth of an animal genetically identical to the body cell donor. (geminigenetics.com)

Fertilization then occurs leading to the development of a blastocyst which then develops into an embryonic cell. (payforessay.net)
The reason for this is that the cells within a blastocyst are not yet differentiated. (payforessay.net)
Therapeutic cloning involves the creation of an early-stage embryo (blastocyst) and the removal of stem cells from the developing embryo. (geminigenetics.com)
A blastocyst (cloned or not), because it lacks any trace of a nervous system, has no capacity for suffering or conscious experience in any form - the special properties that, in our view, spell the difference between biological tissue and a human life worthy of respect and rights. (wikiquote.org)

A year before Dolly, he successfully cloned two lambs (Megan and Morag) whose cells were taken from sheep embryos. (yahoo.com)
It was these efforts which led to the births of Megan and Morag in 1995 and Dolly in 1996," the university said in a statement. (cyprus-mail.com)

It became a hot topic in 1996 when Dolly the sheep was cloned via a process called somatic cell nuclear transfer. (archstl.org)
He strived to create modified sheep that would produce milk with proteins that could treat human diseases. (yahoo.com)
Specifically, many wondered: If they're doing sheep now, how long until they clone humans? (yahoo.com)
His team spliced the host's genes with a human gene to create a sheep that would produce a protein missing from people with hemophilia. (yahoo.com)
He led efforts to develop cloning, or nuclear transfer, techniques that could be used to make genetically modified sheep. (cyprus-mail.com)
This involved taking a sheep egg, removing its DNA and replacing it with DNA from a frozen udder cell of a sheep that died years before. (cyprus-mail.com)
Let's wind back the clock: these scientists had already carried out successful human nuclear transfer into an unfertilised egg before Dolly the sheep clone had been made. (globalchange.com)
Scientists have already made geep (combined sheep and goat), and camas (combined camels and lamas) simply by rolling two balls of cells together after fertilisation. (globalchange.com)
Much intensive research on this technology began, and in the year 1996, the first clone of a sheep was done. (payforessay.net)
One of the most famous cloning experiments was the cloning of Dolly the sheep in 1996. (scinotions.com)
Dolly was created by removing the nucleus of an egg cell and replacing it with the nucleus from a somatic cell of a donor sheep. (scinotions.com)
He then moved to PPLTherapeutics, the company that was spun out from Roslin Institute, where that procedure and his expertise led to the birth of cloned and genetically modified sheep, pigs and cattle. (nottingham.ac.uk)
Inevitably most people will remember him for Dolly the sheep although his recent work was focused on fundamental and applied stem cell research as a tool for the study of human disease. (nottingham.ac.uk)
Numerous biological components, including genes, cells, tissues, and even complete creatures like sheep, have been cloned by researchers, and now cat, dog and equine cloning is widely and reliably available via international companies such as our partner, ViaGen Pets & Equine. (geminigenetics.com)
The cloning of 'Dolly The Sheep' in 1996 by the Rosalind Institute in Scotland, UK, is the most recognised example of reproductive cloning. (geminigenetics.com)
is a British developmental biologist who was the first to use nuclear transfer of differentiated adult cells to generate a mammalian clone, a Finn Dorset sheep named Dolly, born in 1996. (mathisfunforum.com)
And the article s bold-type tease line goes on to say: The successful cloning of a sheep means humans could be copied but at what cost? (bibliotecapleyades.net)

In 1972, he became the first scientist to successfully freeze, thaw and transfer a calf embryo, which he called "Frostie," to a surrogate mother. (yahoo.com)
In 1972, he became the first scientist to successfully freeze, thaw and transfer a calf embryo, which he called "Frostie," to a surrogate mother.Wilmut's work at The Roslin Institute in Edinburgh continued to push the boundaries of animal genetics. (sp1ndex.com)
If a human cell could be Neanderthalized, it would be implanted into the womb of a surrogate mother, either a woman or a chimp, and then develop into a fetus. (nationalgeographic.com)

Dolly's creation triggered fears of human reproductive cloning, or producing genetic copies of living or dead people, but mainstream scientists have ruled this out as far too dangerous. (cyprus-mail.com)
The year after Dolly's creation, U.S. President Bill Clinton imposed a ban on the use of federal funds for human cloning but stopped short of banning all cloning research. (wgnradio.com)
Dolly's creation prompted other scientists to clone animals including dogs, cats, horses and bulls. (wgnradio.com)

The word "cloning" refers to a variety of procedures that may be used to create biological copies that are genetically identical to the original. (geminigenetics.com)
Asexual reproduction is a natural method used by certain plants, bacteria, and single-celled creatures to create genetically identical offspring, i.e. clones. (geminigenetics.com)
Pet cloning is the process where a genetically identical twin is created of your original animal companion. (geminigenetics.com)
The lamb's cloning was the first time scientists were able to coax a mature adult cell into behaving like a cell from a newly fertilized embryo in order to create a genetically identical animal. (wgnradio.com)
In biology , cloning is the process of producing similar populations of genetically identical individuals that occurs in nature when organisms such as bacteria , insects or plants reproduce asexually . (wikiquote.org)
Thus, the clone would be genetically identical to the nucleus donor only if the egg came from the same donor or from her maternal line. (who.int)
Beyond this scientific interest, the commercial concern in animal cloning focuses on replicating large numbers of genetically identical animals, especially those derived from a progenitor that has been modified genetically. (who.int)

The comparison was performed between mRNA populations of embryos having an expansion of the endo-mesodermal territory and embryos blocked in secondary mesenchyme specification. (silverchair.com)
Cell density regulates prolyl 4-hydroxylase activity independent of mRNA levels. (embl.de)

A process called somatic cell nuclear transfer, where the nucleus of a somatic cell is extracted and inserted into an egg that's had its nucleus removed. (nyln.org)
Following two postdoctoral positions he joined the Roslin Institute in Scotland in 1991, where he applied his previous experience to the production of mammalian embryos by nuclear transfer. (nottingham.ac.uk)
체세포 핵 치환 (Somatic-cell nuclear transfer, SCNT)은 난자 의 핵 을 제거한 후에, 체세포 의 핵을 이식하여 복제 를 하는 기술을 말한다. (wikipedia.org)
More than 100 nuclear transfer procedures could be required to produce one viable clone. (wikiquote.org)
Somatic-cell nuclear transfer, the technique by which Dolly was created, was first used 40 years ago in research with tadpoles and frogs. (who.int)

Reproductive cloning is a process that has been around for a long time. (nyln.org)
However, with reproductive cloning, same-sex couples no longer have to seek such methods because they can have a child that is truly their own. (nyln.org)
Reproductive cloning is expensive and highly inefficient. (wikiquote.org)
Elaboration of an international convention against reproductive cloning of human beings has been under consideration in the United Nations since December 2001 when the subject was included in the agenda of the fifty- sixth session as a supplementary agenda item at the request of France and Germany. (who.int)

Ever since, a number of mammals have been cloned - cows, pigs, cats and rhesus monkeys. (nyln.org)

Therapeutic cloning refers to the production of embryonic stem cells for medicinal reasons, for example regenerative medicine and tissue replacement. (geminigenetics.com)

A detailed understanding of the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying pigment cell specification in sea urchin embryos will first require isolation of the genes responsible for this developmental process. (silverchair.com)
Molecular cloning refers to the production of multiple copies of a DNA fragment or gene. (geminigenetics.com)
Cloning in biotechnology refers to processes used to create copies of DNA fragments ( molecular cloning ), cells (cell cloning), or organisms . (wikiquote.org)
Methods of inducing differentiation in stem cells and muscle cells produced therefrom may be used for the study of cellular and molecular biology of tissue development, for the discovery of genes and proteins such as differentiation factors that play a role in tissue development and regeneration. (justia.com)
However, the molecular pathways that lead to specification and terminal differentiation of specific cell types, such as myocytes, from embryonic stem cells during development are not entirely clear. (justia.com)
1990. Cell replication and unscheduled DNA synthesis (UDS) activity of low molecular weight chlorinated paraffins in the rat liver in vivo. (cdc.gov)

This was done on a tadpole embryo. (payforessay.net)
A tadpole was cloned as far back as 1952. (nyln.org)

The world's first human clone of an adult has now been made, by an American biotechnology company in Massachusetts, Advanced Cell Technology. (globalchange.com)

This pioneering study has helped pave the way for others to develop gene and stem-cell based strategies for therapeutic purposes. (nottingham.ac.uk)
The present invention also provides methods of using the differentiated cells of the present invention for therapeutic purposes. (justia.com)
In particular, the induction of stem cells to differentiate into muscle cells (myocytes) is useful for muscle transplantation and therapeutic purposes, as well as providing potential human disease models in culture (e.g. for testing pharmaceuticals). (justia.com)
The induction of cardiomyocyte differentiation in stem cells is especially useful in developing therapeutic methods and products for heart disease and abnormal heart conditions. (justia.com)
The Donaldson committee 1 examined the issue of research into 'therapeutic' cloning and reported in June 2000. (cmq.org.uk)

All human beings, as well as other living organisms, have a unique genetic makeup. (payforessay.net)

The surrogate mum carries the cloned pet for the gestation period and once ready, gives birth to the clone who will be an identical genetic twin to the original pet whose skin sample was used to make the nucleus of the donor egg cell. (geminigenetics.com)
This hybrid egg is then implanted into the uterus of a female surrogate for gestation, and voilà: The surrogate gives birth to a clone. (nationalgeographic.com)

There are also naturally occurring clones among animal populations. (geminigenetics.com)

While the practice has been successful on certain mammals, it is still a hotly debated topic in terms of the human species. (nyln.org)
On the medical side, concerns raised include life expectancy as cloned mammals only show a low success rate. (nyln.org)
Humans and other mammals may produce natural clones, commonly referred to as identical twins. (geminigenetics.com)

Although many species produce clonal offspring in this fashion, Dolly, the lamb born in 1996 at a research institute in Scotland, was the first asexually produced mammalian clone. (who.int)

While Dolly proved that cells could be used to create a copy of the animal they came from, Wilmut's next experiment proved that they could also be altered. (yahoo.com)
Polly was Wilmut's last cloning experiment. (yahoo.com)
Even those who focused more on the natural world than supernatural ones worried about the potential for making "designer humans" or something out of The Island of Dr. Moreau.While Dolly proved that cells could be used to create a copy of the animal they came from, Wilmut's next experiment proved that they could also be altered. (sp1ndex.com)
He said the legacy of Wilmut's work in cloning Dolly continues to be seen. (wgnradio.com)

Cloning might involve altering the genetic material of a person to get rid of unwanted traits. (payforessay.net)
Hair is an exceptional source of DNA since it holds nucleated cells that contain genetic material. (scinotions.com)
It is not feasible to clone a human using only hair as the source of DNA since hair cells do not contain the complete set of genetic material necessary for human cloning. (scinotions.com)
Although hair contains nucleated cells with genetic material, the DNA within them is often degraded and insufficient for cloning. (scinotions.com)
But with cloning, parents can get the exact same child by having genetic material from the first cloned. (nyln.org)
The DNA within the skin sample is cultured and inserted into a donor egg cell whose nucleus (genetic material) has been removed. (geminigenetics.com)
Most natural cloning occurs in those species that produce their descendants asexually, that is, without combining the male and female genetic material. (who.int)
if it implants and the pregnancy goes to term, the resulting individual will carry the same nuclear genetic material as the donor of the adult somatic cell. (who.int)

Even an extinct animal, the Pyrenean ibex, was successfully cloned in 2009. (nyln.org)
As mentioned earlier, scientists were able to clone an extinct animal, the Pyrenean ibex. (nyln.org)
Dolly also spurred questions about the potential cloning of humans and extinct species. (wgnradio.com)
In 2003, researchers in Spain were the first to bring back an extinct species -the Pyrenean ibex, a wild mountain goat also called a bucardo-though the clone only lived for a few minutes. (nationalgeographic.com)
In his 2012 book Regenesis , Harvard geneticist George Church proposes a different approach for cloning extinct animals whose genome has been sequenced. (nationalgeographic.com)
In the case of the Pyrenean ibex, for example, the Spanish scientists created 439 eggs containing the extinct species' nuclei, but only 57 developed into embryos. (nationalgeographic.com)

Somatic cells from a donor are extracted, and the nucleus is fused with that of a host egg using in vitro fertilization. (payforessay.net)
It is also our view that there are no sound reasons for treating the early-stage human embryo or cloned human embryo as anything special, or as having moral status greater than human somatic cells in tissue culture. (wikiquote.org)
During differentiation the expression of stem cell specific genes and markers are often lost and cells acquire gene expression profiles of somatic cells or their precursors. (justia.com)

But even they omitted to tell us anything until Dolly was seven months old, well over a year after the cloning technique was successfully carried out and a good two to three years perhaps after they began their secretive work. (globalchange.com)
A decade later, an Asian carp was successfully cloned. (nyln.org)

Given that we have an efficiency of 1% cloning for livestock species and if only one in a thousand cells are viable then around 100,000 cells would need to be transferred. (wikiquote.org)
Starting with an intact cell (fresh or frozen) of the animal they'd like to clone, scientists first remove the nucleus, where DNA resides, and insert it into a hollowed-out egg cell of the same or a related species. (nationalgeographic.com)
It starts with a healthy cell of a closely related species-cloning a Neanderthal, for example, could start with a stem cell from a modern human. (nationalgeographic.com)

They took a cell from Dr Jose Cibelli, a research scientist and combined it with a cows egg from which the genes had already been removed. (globalchange.com)
Elsewhere on this site I describe my own conversations with a British scientist in the 1980s who was attempting then to clone human embryos - with some success. (globalchange.com)

they might feel more comfortable with a hybrid solution, if it were shown that the embryonic cow-human stem cells were viable as tissue producers but not capable of becoming a baby. (globalchange.com)
If there are intact cells in this tissue they have been 'stored' frozen. (wikiquote.org)
Embryonic stem (ES) cells are derived from the embryo and are pluripotent, thus possessing the capability of developing into any organ, cell type or tissue type. (justia.com)
and from mature adult tissue cells reprogrammed to behave like stem cells. (cmq.org.uk)
These three sources of stem cells do not create the same serious ethical concerns as those derived from embryonic and foetal tissue. (cmq.org.uk)

There could be one benefit of the human to cows egg transfers. (globalchange.com)

Examples of a novel series of phenanthrolinones are shown to be potent competitive inhibitors of avian prolyl 4-hydroxylase, and of collagen hydroxylation, in embryonic chick tendon cells and human foreskin fibroblasts in vitro and in the oestradiol-stimulated rat uterus in vivo. (embl.de)
The induction of a specific differentiated cell type can be useful for transplantation or drug screening and drug discovery in vitro. (justia.com)
Research using human embryos (whether created by in vitro fertilisation or by cell nuclear replacement) to increase understanding about human disease and disorders and their cell based treatments should be permitted, subject to the controls in Human Fertilisation and Embryology Act 1990. (cmq.org.uk)

In the year 1952, the first successful cloning procedure took place. (payforessay.net)

Developments in biotechnology have raised new concerns about animal welfare, as farm animals now have their genomes modified (genetically engineered) or copied (cloned) to propagate certain traits useful to agribusiness, such as meat yield or feed conversion. (wikiquote.org)
In sexual reproduction, clones are created when a fertilized egg splits to produce identical (monozygous) twins with identical genomes. (who.int)

To be able to isolate transcripts with a prevalence down to five copies per cell, a subtractive hybridization procedure was employed. (silverchair.com)

The genes activated and the egg began to divide in the normal way up to the 32 cell stage at which it was destroyed. (globalchange.com)
Technically 1% of the human clone genes would have belonged to the cow - the mitochondria genes. (globalchange.com)
For a start it raises the biggest question of all: how many human genes does a cow or monkey have to gain before we give it human rights? (globalchange.com)
Monkeys and humans have 97% of genes in common so if the right 1.6% were transferred from a human to a monkey we could land up with a monkey more human than animal. (globalchange.com)
And for the theologians another question: how many human genes does an animal have to have to need salvation? (globalchange.com)
New secondary mesenchyme specific genes, expressed exclusively in pigment cells, were isolated from sea urchin embryos using a differential screening of a macroarray cDNA library. (silverchair.com)
Using whole mount in situ hybridization, it was shown that these genes are specifically expressed in pigment cells. (silverchair.com)
The gene encoding the Ov-phy-1 open reading frame contained 11 introns, similar in structure to the gene encoding human prolyl 4-hydroxylase isoform I. Genomic Southern blot, EST and genomic PCR studies demonstrated that the O. volvulus genome contained between three and eight genes closely related to Ov-phy-1. (embl.de)
Generally, when a stem cell culture is induced to differentiate, the differentiated population is analysed for particular cell types by expression of genes, markers or phenotypic analysis. (justia.com)
The fact that the DNA of a fully differentiated (adult) cell could be stimulated to revert to a condition comparable to that of a newly fertilized egg and to repeat the process of embryonic development demonstrates that all the genes in differentiated cells retain their functional capacity, although only a few are active. (who.int)

The term applies not only to entire organisms but also to copies of molecules (such as DNA) and cells. (who.int)

As well as their distinctive white markings and long curved horns, these cattle are special because they are now considered a herd of naturally occurring clones. (geminigenetics.com)
Moreover, most early-stage embryos that are produced naturally (that is, through the union of egg and sperm resulting from sexual intercourse) fail to implant and are therefore wasted or destroyed. (wikiquote.org)

Recommendation 2: In licensing any research using embryos created by cell nuclear replacement, the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority should satisfy itself that there are no other means of meeting the objectives of the research. (cmq.org.uk)

The Church also supports research and therapies using adult stem cells, which are cells that come from any person who has been born - including umbilical cord blood, bone marrow, skin and other organs. (archstl.org)

For example, scientists have not yet found a way of effectively splitting the telomeres during cell division. (payforessay.net)
Therefore, the issue of cloning is still under serious debate by scientists, professionals and even within academic institutions as well as politics. (payforessay.net)
In recent years, scientists have proposed bringing back the woolly mammoth by using a mix of gene editing and cloning. (wgnradio.com)
Should scientists seek to clone our ancient hominid cousins? (nationalgeographic.com)

However, an animal created through this technique would not be a precise genetic copy of the source of its nuclear DNA because each clone derives a small amount of its DNA from the mitochondria of the egg (which lie outside the nucleus) rather than from the donor of cell nucleus. (who.int)

However, it's important to note that cloning is still a relatively new technology and has many limitations and ethical concerns that need to be addressed before it can be used widely. (scinotions.com)
Though pet cloning may be considered a relatively new technology, the process of cloning as defined above is first documented in 1885, where Hans Adolf Eduard Driesch demonstrated artificial embryo twinning on a sea-urchin. (geminigenetics.com)

The Catholic Church has always held that stem-cell research and therapies are morally acceptable, as long as they don't involve the creation and destruction of human embryos. (archstl.org)
A desire to eliminate vices that plague and paroxysize the human race: the creation and perpetuation of the pharmaceutical world, and the papacy. (etalkinghead.com)
Judging by the successful growth of the combined human-cow clone creation it appears that cow mitochondria may well be compatible with human embryonic development. (globalchange.com)
Some prohibit only cloning for reproductive purposes and allow the creation of cloned human embryos for research, whereas others prohibit the creation of cloned embryos for any purpose. (who.int)

Some people are very uneasy about creating a human embryo and then dismembering it, however early the stage, to obtain embryonic stem cells from which useful tissues might be grown. (globalchange.com)

There he continued his research on the cloning and genetic modification of livestock. (nottingham.ac.uk)

culturing a stem cell in the presence of an embryonic cell and/or extracellular medium of an embryonic cell, under conditions that induce differentiation of the stem cell. (justia.com)

A decade later, cloning came to the forefront in Missouri with the narrow passage of Amendment 2, a ballot initiative in 2006 that constitutionally protects embryonic stem-cell research and human cloning. (archstl.org)

That's why Father Pacholczyk, director of education at the National Catholic Bioethics Center in Philadelphia, said that the efforts to help people understand the immorality of embryo reserch, including human cloning, must focus on humanizing the issue and appreciating our own embryonic origins, not just on the desired results of embryonic or other types of stem-cell research. (archstl.org)
Let us look at a precursory innovation such as stem cell research. (etalkinghead.com)
Immunotherapy is the new promising research avenue for cancer therapeutics, and involves harnessing the body's immune system to attack cancer cells. (cbhd.org)
Professor Campbell was a cell biologist/embryologist with a research career spanning more than 30 years, the majority of which was in the field of cell growth and differentiation. (nottingham.ac.uk)
His research blossomed after he came to Roslin Institute where in a series of papers he put the intellectual framework into the method of mammalian cloning that ultimately led to the birth of Dolly in 1996. (nottingham.ac.uk)
Much of this research was presented and discussed at the annual meeting of the International Embryo Transfer Society where he will be remembered as an enthusiastic participant in discussions on current topics. (nottingham.ac.uk)
This document has been produced for the benefit of Members of Parliament and others involved in the proposed legislation to permit cloning research on human embryos. (cmq.org.uk)
This goes against the principle of the World Medical Association declaration of Helsinki, which deals with the research on human subjects. (cmq.org.uk)
And the term 'human subjects' 'includes research on identifiable human material. (cmq.org.uk)
The 1996 version states 'In research on man, the interest of science and society should never take precedence over considerations related to the well being of the subject. (cmq.org.uk)
Here embryos - which from the Catholic perspective we regard as life worthy of full respect - are being destroyed in the quest for pure basic science research. (cmq.org.uk)
The Helsinki declaration states: - 'Biomedical research involving human subjects must conform to generally accepted scientific principles and should be based on adequately performed laboratory and animal experimentation and on a thorough knowledge of the scientific literature. (cmq.org.uk)
However, the types of research proposed in the Donaldson report have yet to be done in animals, and so the use of human embryos for the proposed research cannot, even by secular reasoning, be justified. (cmq.org.uk)

Using new tricks of genetic engineering, researchers could make adjustments to the DNA in the human cell so it matches the code of the Neanderthal. (nationalgeographic.com)

Soon after, there were many hullabaloos about the possibility of cloning other animals with human beings included. (payforessay.net)
Claims that you could clone individual treatments of human beings to treat common diseases like diabetes, suggests you need a huge supply of human eggs. (wikiquote.org)

The process of differentiation in stem cells involves selective development of immature cells to committed and fully mature cells of various lineages. (justia.com)

As mentioned earlier, clones tend to have several health issues. (nyln.org)
In addition to low success rates, cloned animals tend to have more compromised immune function and higher rates of infection, tumor growth, and other disorders. (wikiquote.org)

Although twins are essentially clones, they formed through a natural process rather than an artificial one. (nyln.org)
When a fertilised egg separates into two or more embryos with almost identical DNA, these twins are created. (geminigenetics.com)

In sea urchin embryos, cell fate specification occurs very early in development. (silverchair.com)

Are there any successful experiments in cloning so far? (scinotions.com)
Other notable cloning experiments include the cloning of a cat named CC (Carbon Copy) in 2001, the cloning of a mule named Idaho Gem in 2003, and the cloning of a dog named Snuppy in 2005. (scinotions.com)
There have been no successful human cloning experiments, and human cloning is currently illegal in most countries. (scinotions.com)

His purpose he said was to freeze clones to be used later for spare parts. (globalchange.com)
However, if we think back to what actually happened to the animal - it died, even if from the cold, the cells in the body would have taken some time to freeze. (wikiquote.org)

According to scientific studies, only 5% of those cloned under clinical conditions have been considered successful. (nyln.org)

Concerns have been raised even in animals as doubters worry about the implications of using a cloned animal in the food supply. (nyln.org)
This time lag would allow for breakdown of the cells, which normally happens when any animal dies. (wikiquote.org)

The present report gives an overview of the terms and methods used in cloning and summarizes the debates in the General Assembly. (who.int)

Father Tad Pacholczyk is convinced that embryonic stem cells will someday cure diseases. (archstl.org)
The recovered stem cells can then be used in the treatment of diseases and to aid the recovery of injuries. (geminigenetics.com)

Gene cloning refers to the identification and duplication of a single gene or a DNA segment, for the intention of investigating its function or creating a particular protein. (geminigenetics.com)

The scientific community should be concentrating its efforts in working on ethically non-controversial stem cells. (cmq.org.uk)

Anatomy51

Organisms19

Diseases9

Chemicals and Drugs41

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment56

Psychiatry and Psychology2

Phenomena and Processes76

Disciplines and Occupations6

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Humanities10

Information Science8

Health Care1

Wilmut8

Organism8

19974

Mammal9

Implanted into a surrogate mother2

Blastocyst4

Megan and M2

Sheep17

Surrogate mother3

Dolly's3

Genetically identical7

MRNA2

Nuclear transfer5

Reproductive Cloning4

Pigs1

Regenerative medicine1

Molecular6

Tadpole2

World's1

Therapeutic5

Living organisms1

Gestation2

Populations1

Mammals3

Mammalian clone1

Wilmut's4

Genetic material8

Extinct6

Somatic cells3

Successfully2

Species3

Scientist2

Tissue5

Cows1

Vitro3

19521

Genomes2

Procedure1

Genes10

Copies1

Naturally2

Fertilisation1

Adult stem1

Scientists4

Donor1

Relatively new technology2

Creation4

Tissues1

Livestock1

Embryonic cell1

Decade1

Research13

Researchers1

Beings2

Involves1

Tend2

Twins2

Occurs1

Experiments3

Freeze2

Successful1

Animal2

Debates1

Diseases2

Refers1

Ethically1