• this disorder is a form of plasma cell dyscrasia in which no myeloma protein is detected in serum or urine (at least as determined by conventional laboratory methods) of individuals who have clear evidence of an increase in clonal bone marrow plasma cells and/or evidence of clonal plasma cell-mediated tissue injury (e.g. plasmacytoma tumors). (wikipedia.org)
  • As tenured investigator in the NHLBI, Dr. Childs has focused his research on allogeneic stem cell transplantation and tumor immunology to treat aplastic anemia, hematological malignancies, and solid tumors. (nih.gov)
  • This disclosure provides adoptive cell therapy embodiments that allow therapeutic efficacy in individuals with cancer, including solid tumors. (justia.com)
  • This gene is highly expressed in testis, fetal liver, placenta, and in primary human tumors and cancer cell lines. (cancerindex.org)
  • These circulating tumor cells (CTCs) diverge from the primary tumors as clusters with a defined secretome comprised of circulating cell-free nucleic acids and small microRNAs (miRNAs). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Metastatic tumor cells may be single cells or a polyclonal cluster of leader cells that differ in mutations and gene expressions from the primary tumors. (biomedcentral.com)
  • These adjustments have already been convincingly recorded in several malignant tumors by examining cell lines in long-term tradition and surgically eliminated lesions [1-5]. (sunolmolecular.com)
  • Genomes in malignant tumors often house sections of chromosomes that are deleted, duplicated or fused together. (agbt.org)
  • After encountering the appropriate antigen, some B cells undergo clonal proliferation into plasma cells. (msdmanuals.com)
  • In plasma cell disorders, disproportionate proliferation of one clone in the bone marrow results in a corresponding increase in the serum level of its product, the monoclonal immunoglobulin protein (M-protein). (msdmanuals.com)
  • The activated nave cells undergo proliferation and differentiation and yield different subtypes of helper T cells with different functions. (nika-robot.de)
  • DC defects in maturation, cytokine production and antigen presentation 61, 62, 63 and T-cell defects in proliferation 64, 65, 66 have been reported in animal models and humans with chronic infections. (nika-robot.de)
  • The remarkable proliferation of helper T cell subset in response to autologous thyrocytes and intrathyroidal T cells from patients with Graves' disease We have studied cellular interactions among thyrocytes, intrathyroidal T cells and peripheral blood T cells from Graves' patients. (nika-robot.de)
  • Inhibition of allogeneic T cell proliferation by indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase-expressing dendritic cells: mediation of suppression by tryptophan metabolites. (nika-robot.de)
  • besides its potent t-cell growth factor activity, il-2 induces proliferation of natural killer (nk) cells and augments their cytolytic activity as well as that of lymphokine-activated killer cells ( siegel et al. (nika-robot.de)
  • 1987 ), promotes antibody production and proliferation by b cells ( mingari et al. (nika-robot.de)
  • it induces the proliferation of naive T cells selectively, acts with IL-12 to promote IFN- production and is the ligand for TCCR (T-cell cytokine receptor, also known as. (nika-robot.de)
  • OVCAR3 cells underwent CRISPR/Cas9 Nanog knockout (KO), and the effect of Nanog KO on migration, invasion, proliferation and proteolytic activity was analyzed in OVCAR3 and OVCAR8 cells. (cancerindex.org)
  • Callus culture is used as the basis for organogenic (shoot, root) cultures, cell cultures or proliferation of embryoids. (fao.org)
  • It is characterized by a proliferation of uniform basaloid cells in the dermis and it is associated with the presence of focal ductal and cystic structures. (nih.gov)
  • The aim of our study was to determine the detailed role of mitochondrial fission in SW837 colorectal cancer cell viability, mobility and proliferation. (shengsci.com)
  • RESULTS:The results of our data illustrated that Tan IIA promoted SW837 cell death, impaired cell migration and mediated cancer proliferation arrest in a dose-dependent manner. (shengsci.com)
  • The role of interleukin-7 receptor (IL-7R) signaling in Igh recombination has been difficult to partition from its role in B cell survival and proliferation. (babraham.ac.uk)
  • Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), also known as chronic myelogenous leukemia, is a myeloproliferative disorder characterized by increased proliferation of the granulocytic cell line without the loss of their capacity to differentiate. (askhematologist.com)
  • A myeloproliferative disorder of unknown etiology, characterized by abnormal proliferation of all hematopoietic bone marrow elements and an absolute increase in red cell mass and total blood volume, associated frequently with splenomegaly, leukocytosis, and thrombocythemia. (lookformedical.com)
  • It induces the survival, proliferation, and differentiation of neutrophilic granulocyte precursor cells and functionally activates mature blood neutrophils. (lookformedical.com)
  • Several aspects might introduce solid biases in to the information sets obtained in these studies like distinctions in proliferation costs of the person targeted cells, intrinsic problems in retrieving specified targeting sequences, and biases in getting PCR goods from particular templates but not through the other individuals. (plasignaling.com)
  • In hematology, plasma cell dyscrasias (also termed plasma cell disorders and plasma cell proliferative diseases) are a spectrum of progressively more severe monoclonal gammopathies in which a clone or multiple clones of pre-malignant or malignant plasma cells (sometimes in association with lymphoplasmacytoid cells or B lymphocytes) over-produce and secrete into the blood stream a myeloma protein, i.e. an abnormal monoclonal antibody or portion thereof. (wikipedia.org)
  • The overproduced monoclonal proteins, termed myeloma proteins, commonly circulate in blood, may accumulate in urine, and are the hallmarks of plasma cell dyscrasias including their most malignant forms viz. (wikipedia.org)
  • Osseous solitary plasmacytoma of bone is a localized bone tumor of plasma cells, without evidence of plasma cell myeloma or marrow plasmacytosis. (medscape.com)
  • 1] Extraosseous solitary plasmacytoma of bone is a localized, soft-tissue plasma cell neoplasm that occurs in a location other than the bone and does not have evidence of plasma cell myeloma or marrow plasmacytosis. (medscape.com)
  • An estimated 32,110 new cases of plasma cell myeloma were expected to be diagnosed in the United States in 2019,[7] with a median age at diagnosis of 69 years. (medscape.com)
  • 6] In addition, plasma cell myeloma occurs more commonly in Americans of African descent than of European descent. (medscape.com)
  • It is also seen more commonly in males than females but presents in a younger patient than those with plasma cell myeloma, with a median age at diagnosis of 55 years. (medscape.com)
  • In either form of plasma cell myeloma, immune dysfunction, cytopenias and lytic bone lesions occur as a result of direct cellular interactions (cytokines, growth factors) and/or mass effect. (medscape.com)
  • Plasma cell myeloma presents with generalized marrow involvement, with or without lytic lesions of bone. (medscape.com)
  • Asymptomatic plasma cell myeloma is a plasma cell neoplasm defined by the presence of serum monoclonal protein of 3.0 gm/dL or greater (by electrophoresis) and/or clonal plasma cells in the bone marrow of 10% or greater, without evidence of end-organ damage (hypercalcemia, renal insufficiency, anemia, lytic lesions of bone). (medscape.com)
  • Symptomatic plasma cell myeloma is a plasma cell neoplasm defined as the presence of end-organ damage (hypercalcemia, renal insufficiency, anemia, lytic lesions of bone) in a patient with a monoclonal protein (of any amount) and clonal plasma cells in the bone marrow (of any amount) or plasmacytoma. (medscape.com)
  • Anemia results from bone marrow replacement by plasma cell myeloma and/or the loss of erythropoietin as a result of renal injury. (medscape.com)
  • 11] Venous thromboembolism occurs in plasma cell myeloma, particularly in patients receiving multiagent chemotherapy or anti-angiogenesis drugs. (medscape.com)
  • The initial monoclonal antibodies were created by fusing spleen cells from an immunized mouse with human or mouse myeloma cells (malignant self-perpetuating antibody producing cells), and selecting out and cloning the hybrid cells (hybridomas) that produced the desired antibody reactivity. (nih.gov)
  • The International Myeloma Working Group (IMWG) criteria for MM specify that bone marrow aspirate or biopsy must show clonal bone marrow plasma cells of more than 10% or biopsy-proven bony or extramedullary plasmacytoma. (medscape.com)
  • Myeloma cancer cell responding to shear flow (by scanning electron microscope). (weizmann.ac.il)
  • Increased tumor burden and bone disease were observed in myeloma-bearing adiponectin-deficient mice, and adiponectin was found to induce myeloma cell apoptosis. (ashpublications.org)
  • 1 Myeloma is characterized by the uncontrolled clonal expansion of malignant plasma cells within the bone marrow and the development of a destructive osteolytic bone disease. (ashpublications.org)
  • One of the hallmarks of B lymphoid malignancies is a B cell clone characterized by a unique footprint of clonal immunoglobulin (IG) gene rearrangements that serves as a diagnostic marker for clonality assessment. (nature.com)
  • The vast majority of lymphoid malignancies arise from the unconstrained expansion of a single transformed B or T cell and is characterized by the presence of clonal rearrangements of immunoglobulin (IG) or T cell receptor (TR) genes [ 1 , 2 ]. (nature.com)
  • Overall, our findings provide rationale for future investigation to test whether EC-7072 may be a potential therapeutic option for patients with CLL and other B-cell malignancies. (frontiersin.org)
  • For B-cell lineage malignancies, extensive progress has been made in developing adoptive T-cell approaches that utilize anti-CD19 CARs (see, e.g. (justia.com)
  • Patients with the inherited form appear to be at increased risk for secondary nonocular malignancies such as osteosarcoma, malignant fibrous histiocytoma, and fibrosarcoma. (nih.gov)
  • Aplan PD, Jones CA, Chervinsky DS, Zhao XF, Ellsworth MK, Wu C, McGuire EA, Gross KW: An scl gene product lacking the transactivation domain induces bony abnormalities and cooperates with lmo1 to generate T-cell malignancies in transgenic mice. (nih.gov)
  • We analysed the epigenomic consequences of rearrangements between the super-enhancers of the immunoglobulin heavy locus () and proto-oncogene that are common in B cell malignancies. (babraham.ac.uk)
  • In specific cases, the cells are engineered for knock out of one or more genes, such as Signaling Threshold Regulating Transmembrane Adaptor 1 (SIT1), Bone Marrow Stromal Cell Antigen 2 (BST2), and/or programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1). (justia.com)
  • In particular embodiments, the genes that are knocked out or knocked down are Signaling Threshold Regulating Transmembrane Adaptor 1 (SIT1), Bone Marrow Stromal Cell Antigen 2 (BST2), and Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1). (justia.com)
  • The invention provides an isolated and purified nucleic acid sequence encoding a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) directed against B-cell Maturation Antigen (BCMA). (justia.com)
  • T-cells can be genetically modified to express chimeric antigen receptors (CARs), which are fusion proteins comprised of an antigen recognition moiety and T-cell activation domains (see, e.g. (justia.com)
  • Malignant transformation of cells is often connected with adjustments in traditional and nonclassical HLA class We antigen HLA class II antigen aswell as NK cell activating ligand (NKCAL) expression. (sunolmolecular.com)
  • the revival from the tumor immune monitoring theory a reevaluation from the interpretation of adjustments in HLA antigen and NKCAL manifestation in malignant lesions can be warranted. (sunolmolecular.com)
  • In this specific article we 1st briefly describe the traditional types of adjustments in HLA antigen and NKCAL manifestation which have been determined in malignant cells to day. (sunolmolecular.com)
  • Second we discuss the data indicating that in at least some cell types Bcl6b traditional HLA course I antigen manifestation can be had and/ or the capability to communicate HLA course II antigens can be dropped. (sunolmolecular.com)
  • Third we review the obtainable proof for the part of immune system selective pressure in the era of malignant lesions with adjustments in HLA antigen manifestation. (sunolmolecular.com)
  • Keywords: Antigen processing machinery Cancer Classical HLA class I antigen Immune escape Immune selection HLA class II antigen MICA MICB NK cell activating ligand nonclassical HLA course I antigen ULBP Intro In human beings like in additional animal varieties malignant change of cells can be often connected with adjustments in gene manifestation and within their antigenic profile. (sunolmolecular.com)
  • Cell lines possess provided the chance to recognize and characterize the multiple molecular systems underlying adjustments in HLA antigen and NKCAL manifestation and to evaluate their practical implications. (sunolmolecular.com)
  • The debate has focused on whether HLA antigen and NKCAL changes are simply the by-product of genomic instability or reflect selection of tumor cells with HLA antigen or NKCAL changes secondary to immune selective pressure. (sunolmolecular.com)
  • This debate also stems at Catharanthine sulfate least in part from the assumptions investigators have made over the years in terms Catharanthine sulfate of changes Catharanthine sulfate in HLA antigen and NKCAL expression in malignant lesions. (sunolmolecular.com)
  • However there is evidence that dysplastic and malignant cells can acquire classical HLA class I antigen expression and/or lose the ability to express HLA class II antigens. (sunolmolecular.com)
  • Fig. 1 Molecular mechanisms underlying the functional properties of HLA antigen and NKCAL expressed by malignant cells. (sunolmolecular.com)
  • B-cell development constitutes of all the stages of early differentiation in the absence of antigen interaction until the maturation, antigen interaction, and, ultimately, antibodies synthesis. (statpearls.com)
  • The upcoming paragraphs will describe the most critical external structures of B-cell responsible for cell activation, antigen recognition, and signal transduction. (statpearls.com)
  • B cells antigen receptor is functionally part of multimolecular protein complexes at the cell surface. (statpearls.com)
  • The b-cell antigen receptor is a transmembrane receptor that extends to the cytoplasm. (statpearls.com)
  • In addition, the BM microenvironment may also be divided into the cellular compartment, comprised of hematopoietic cells and nonhematopoietic cells and the noncellular compartment where the extracellular matrix (ECM), cytokines and growth factors are present. (tmeresearch.org)
  • The transformation from a normal to a cancer cell is driven by the multistep acquisition of genetic alterations. (confex.com)
  • Similarly, a HPC origin of BRAF V600E mutations in hairy cell leukemia (HCL) has been uncovered, strengthening the notion that at least a fraction of somatic mutations may occur in CD34+ HPC before the malignant transformation of some B cell neoplasms. (confex.com)
  • MM is a primary malignancy of the bone marrow (BM) PCs initiated by the transformation of memory B cells (CD19+, CD 27+, CD 38+, the CD45−, and CD 138−) [2] often acquiring a chromosomal translocation into the IgG loci. (tmeresearch.org)
  • Tumor cells escape into the circulation at an early stage of transformation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • If the animals develop leukemia, or other hematologic malignancy, study the process of malignant transformation over time (i.e., can occult, pre-malignant lesions be identified in clinically healthy animals). (nih.gov)
  • In chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) there is a malignant transformation of the multipotential hematopoietic stem cells (pluripotent stem cells). (askhematologist.com)
  • Circulating proteins are metabolized by many cells, but particularly by hepatocytes. (nih.gov)
  • Proteins undergo hepatic uptake by endocytosis and are either degraded or recycled to the cell surface for secretion. (nih.gov)
  • or toxic light chains secreted by the malignant plasma cells): Some M-proteins show antibody activity against self-antigens. (msdmanuals.com)
  • In MM, a malignant plasma cell clone secretes large amounts of abnormal heavy and/or light chain proteins, which are detectable in the blood or urine. (medscape.com)
  • Particular embodiments of the disclosure concern modulation of particular immune cell surface proteins to enhance adoptive cell therapy, and in specific cases the immune cells are lymphoid cells, including at least T cells, tumor infiltrating lymphocytes, or B cells, for example. (justia.com)
  • The first, which is called the intrinsic cell death pathway, is evoked by intracellular stresses like radiation, growth factor withdrawal, cytokine deprivation, cytotoxic drugs and is regulated by BCL2 family proteins [ 6 , 7 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • This pathway is activated by the cell-surface death receptors CD95 (Apo-1 or Fas)/TRAIL/tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor 1 family proteins which are located on the plasma membrane, and directly activates the caspase cascade via the recruitment of the "initiator" caspase-8 within a death-inducing signaling complex (DISC) [ 8 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • The secreted cell-free nucleic acids, small microRNAs, circulating tumor cells and proteins act as early diagnostic biomarkers of breast tumor. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In a healthy state, individuals possess antibodies or T cells that react with self-proteins, which is a normal occurrence. (microbiologynote.com)
  • Expansins are cell wall proteins that are known to induce pH dependent plant cell wall extension and stress relaxation. (statpathway.com)
  • B cell receptor(BCR) is a multimolecular protein complex bounded noncovalently with other proteins. (statpearls.com)
  • Recently, shared mutations between clonal B cells in MBL/CLL and CD34+ hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPC) have been identified. (confex.com)
  • Importantly, clonal mutations in WM B cells were undetectable in normal cells. (confex.com)
  • Thus, the few WM subclonal mutations observed in patients' lymphopoiesis could not result from contamination during FACSorting since in such cases, WM clonal mutations would become detectable in normal cells. (confex.com)
  • By using this approach, investigators at Horizon Diagnostics generated over 550 cell lines harboring mutations engineered in various genes, including B-Raf, EGFR, N-Ras, and K-Ras. (genengnews.com)
  • A retrospective multi-institutional study analyzed the correlation between patients' survival and acquired resistance-related molecules in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) samples, that possessed sensitive EGFR mutations (7 cases: exon 19 deletion, and 12 cases: exon 21 point mutation). (iiarjournals.org)
  • Discrete segments coding for variable (V), diversity (D), and joining (J) segments of an immunoglobulin or T cell receptor were recombined in an enzymatic process catalyzed by a multiprotein complex known as the VDJ recombinase. (nih.gov)
  • All three immunoglobulin loci also participate in a highly specific, developmentally regulated network of interchromosomal interactions with genes encoding B cell-lineage factors. (babraham.ac.uk)
  • Many B-cell differentiation pathways demonstrate characteristic specific surface markers (CD markers) and immunoglobulin (Ig) gene arrangements. (statpearls.com)
  • carcinoma A malignant tumour derived from epithelial tissue, which forms the skin and the outer cell layers of internal organs. (fao.org)
  • Epithelial cells growing on a patterned adhesive surface with the shape of the Weizmann Institute tree. (weizmann.ac.il)
  • 1) Monolayer (anchorage-dependent) culture: cells cultured from an organ or tissue such as epithelial cells and fibroblasts. (ijpsr.com)
  • In the case of B cell lymphoma, the germline variable (V), diversity (D), and joining (J) genes of the IG loci become rearranged during early development and undergo random deletion and insertion of nucleotides within the junctional regions, thereby generating specific and unique sequences for each B lymphocyte [ 3 ]. (nature.com)
  • Furthermore, evaluation of the clonal relationship between a primary and recurrent lymphoma via clonality analysis provides an essential tool to confirm the occurrence of a relapse. (nature.com)
  • Adoptively transferred anti-CD19-CAR-transduced T-cells have cured leukemia and lymphoma in mice (see, e.g. (justia.com)
  • In early clinical trials, adoptively transferred T-cells transduced with anti-CD19 CARs eradicated normal and malignant B-cells in patients with leukemia and lymphoma (see, e.g. (justia.com)
  • Animal models for human tumour mental animals is not easy to answer does induce adult T-cell leukaemia/ viruses that make use of animal virus- for these agents, because cancer bi- lymphoma (ATLL), albeit in monkeys es are scarce. (who.int)
  • genic models are inadequate for number of activated CD8-positive T LMP1 was strongly expressed in the understanding the cancer etiology in cells increased considerably in the lymphoma tissues but was hardly the context of natural viral infection. (who.int)
  • In addition, therapeutic monoclonal antibodies were developed, aimed at blocking or inhibiting the activity of specific enzymes, cell surface transporters or signaling molecules and have been used in cancer chemotherapy and to treat severe viral infections. (nih.gov)
  • Although granulocyte production predominates, the neoplastic clone includes RBCs, megakaryocytes, monocytes, and even some T and B cells. (askhematologist.com)
  • In patients with neoplastic diseases a wide variety of clinical pictures which are indirect and usually remote effects produced by tumor cell metabolites or other products. (lookformedical.com)
  • Alternatively surgically eliminated lesions possess provided the chance to prove how the adjustments within cell lines aren't an in vitro artifact but reveal in vivo adjustments. (sunolmolecular.com)
  • The latter observations challenge our past assumptions regarding the mechanisms underlying changes in the expression of these molecules in malignant lesions. (sunolmolecular.com)
  • Single-cell RNA and B-cell receptor sequencing (scRNA/BCRseq) was performed in total BM B cells and PCs (n=32,720) from 3 IgM MGUS and 2 WM patients. (confex.com)
  • This protein is found to be a critical component of the lymphotoxin-beta receptor (LTbetaR) signaling complex, which induces NF-kappaB activation and cell death initiated by LTbeta ligation. (cancerindex.org)
  • B-cell receptor (BCR)-dependent signaling is central for leukemia B-cell homeostasis, as underscored by the promising clinical results obtained in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) treated with novel agents targeting components of this pathway. (frontiersin.org)
  • Upregulation of Toll-like receptor (TLR) expression and release of cytokines from P815 mast cells by GM-CSF. (shengsci.com)
  • In the late 1970s and early 1980s, it was discovered that antibody, and T-cell receptor, diversity was accomplished, in large part, by physical reconfiguration of genomic DNA. (nih.gov)
  • Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), the most prevalent type of sporadic kidney cancer, is often associated with malignant disease progression and poor therapeutic outcomes [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Molecular-targeted drug therapy has been promoted because the selection of patients by genetic markers can increase the therapeutic response for patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) ( 1 ). (iiarjournals.org)
  • Therapeutic restoration of N-CoR conformation and function MAPK Inhibitor Library with conformation-modifying agents not only releases this differentiation arrest but also sensitizes APL cells to programmed cell death. (peptidesolubility.com)
  • To that end, APL could serve as a model for the development of a novel conformation-based therapeutic approach for other malignant diseases. (peptidesolubility.com)
  • CTCs, CTC-specific microRNAs and circulatory miRs are collectively predictive of an early metastatic spread with prospective implications as therapeutic tools for targeting metastatic cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • According to various experiments conducted at the laboratories and literature surveys exhibited, to examine the therapeutic efficacy of different FDA approved anticancer drugs on cell lines of Homo sapiens (human), Mus musculus (Mouse), Caviaporcellus (Guinea pig), Sarcophilus harrisii (Tasmanian devil) ( Sarcophilus laniarius ), Chlorocebus aethiops (Green monkey) were used 4 . (ijpsr.com)
  • Here, they begin to differentiate into mature cells, each of which can respond to a limited number of antigens. (msdmanuals.com)
  • 100% (median of 79%, range: 55%-100%), suggesting that not all WM B cells differentiate into PCs. (confex.com)
  • 2.Helper T cells are activated 3.B cells differentiate into plasma cells and memory cells. (nika-robot.de)
  • There are excessive cells in the granulocytic series , primarily in the bone marrow but also in extramedullary sites (e.g. spleen, liver), although these malignant cells do differentiate nearly normally. (askhematologist.com)
  • Learn more about T helper 1 cells (Th1 cells), including T helper 1 cell differentiation, and effector function. (nika-robot.de)
  • Yet, it is incompletely understood if targeting of CD71 also affects the differentiation and functional polarization of primary human T cells. (nika-robot.de)
  • Malignant C4258 Pleomorphic Rhabdomyosarcoma An aggressive malignant mesenchymal neoplasm with skeletal muscle differentiation, occurring in adults and rarely in children. (nih.gov)
  • Malignant C27273 Poroma Eccrine Poroma A benign, well circumscribed sweat gland neoplasm with eccrine or apocrine differentiation. (nih.gov)
  • It is characterized by the presence of spindle cells with myoblastic differentiation, a myxoid stroma, and fibrous septa. (nih.gov)
  • Misfolded N-CoR, thus, contributes to differentiation arrest and survival of APL cells through loss-of-function and aberrant IGF-1R inhibitor gain-of-function properties. (peptidesolubility.com)
  • Apoptosis, or programmed cell death, is a cell-suicide program, distinct from necrosis, which is activated in physiological processes such as tissue development and differentiation as well as in pathophysiological conditions. (hindawi.com)
  • The expansins have been related to cell differentiation in tissues such as xylem, leaf primordia and root hairs. (statpathway.com)
  • Among the family of colony-stimulating factors, G-CSF is the most potent inducer of terminal differentiation to granulocytes and macrophages of leukemic myeloid cell lines. (lookformedical.com)
  • Key genetic features of these plasma cell dyscrasias include chromosomal aberrations such as translocations and hyperdiploidy, which occur during error-prone physiologic processes in B-cell development. (nih.gov)
  • Herein, we demonstrate that the mithralog EC-7072 displays high ex vivo cytotoxic activity against leukemia cells from CLL patients independently from high-risk prognostic markers and IGHV mutational status. (frontiersin.org)
  • EC-7072 directly triggered caspase-3-dependent CLL cell apoptosis, which was not abrogated by microenvironment-derived factors that sustain leukemia cell survival. (frontiersin.org)
  • Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), the most common leukemia in adults in western countries, is characterized by the progressive accumulation of mature-appearing clonal B cells expressing CD5, CD23, and CD19 surface markers in the blood, bone marrow and secondary lymphatic tissues. (frontiersin.org)
  • At least one of these events (the SIL-SCL fusion) is used clinically to track minimal residual disease in T cell leukemia patients. (nih.gov)
  • Aplan PD, Lombardi DP, Reaman GH, Sather H, Hammond GD and Kirsch IR: Involvement of the putative hematopoietic transcription factor SCL in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. (nih.gov)
  • This work has allowed to establish both a pioneer relationship between stem cells and cancer and a causal link between infection and leukemia. (usal.es)
  • The novel scientific achievements and ideas have not only resulted in high quality publications during his career but also they have crystallized into the first European patent granted in the field of Leukemia/Cancer Stem Cells. (usal.es)
  • These preleukemic cells can persist for years, without harm for the individual and it is the exposure to an oncogenic environment, which provides the necessary selection pressure for the leukemia outgrowth. (usal.es)
  • More recently, the importance of epigenetic alterations and the role of the bone marrow microenvironment, including immune and osteogenic cells, have become evident. (nih.gov)
  • The methods and compositions increase efficacy of the cells for the therapy in at least some cases by allowing them to overcome immunosuppression at the tumor microenvironment. (justia.com)
  • The modulation of expression of the genes in the cells may be for the explicit purpose of improving efficacy of the cells for therapy, including improving efficacy in the tumor microenvironment. (justia.com)
  • In particular embodiments, the present disclosure involves the knockout (or knockdown, in certain cases) of genes in particular lymphoid cells, such as tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) or engineered T cells, for example, to improve the function of the cells within the tumor microenvironment. (justia.com)
  • Embodiments of the disclosure allow for improved T cell resistance to immunosuppression compared to T cells with un-altered expression of SIT1, BST2, and PD-1, including to overcome immunosuppression in the tumor microenvironment. (justia.com)
  • A complex interaction between osteoclasts, endothelial cells, BM matrix, myeloid as well as the lymphoid elements and the malignant PCs occurs at the level of the microenvironment favoring the expansion of latter cells and their spread. (tmeresearch.org)
  • However, little attention has been paid to the characteristics of the immune microenvironment in AM. Therefore, in this study, we collected clinical samples from Chinese patients with AM and conducted single-cell RNA sequencing to analyze the heterogeneity of its tumor microenvironments (TMEs) and the molecular regulatory network. (elifesciences.org)
  • They describe the tumour microenvironment in these tumours, including descriptions of interactions among distinct cell types in the tumour microenvironment and potential biomarkers. (elifesciences.org)
  • This revealed nine different types of cells in the tumor microenvironment. (elifesciences.org)
  • POEMS syndrome is a rare monoclonal plasma cell disorder, with unique symptoms distinct from those of other plasma cell neoplasms, including high serum VEGF levels. (bvsalud.org)
  • Participants in this study must be 2 years or older and either have a cancerous tumor or a cancerous or non-cancerous blood disorder, or be a compatible family member for a stem cell transplant for the patient. (nih.gov)
  • Inoculation with a high dose strains of LMP1 transgenic mice vide a powerful tool in mechanistic of EBV caused a B-cell lymphopro- were established that express LMP1 studies on the role of individual viral liferative disorder in these mice, under the control of the immunoglob- genes in cancer. (who.int)
  • Intratumoral heterogeneity hampers the success of marker-based anticancer treatment because the targeted therapy may eliminate a specific subpopulation of tumor cells while leaving others unharmed. (biomedcentral.com)
  • However, experimental applications of the analyzed ITH signature to effectively eradicate tumor cells have not been extensively investigated. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Moreover, considering that single targeting agents may eliminate a certain subpopulation of tumor cells while leaving others unharmed, it is necessary to analyze the tumor transcriptome at high resolution to detect drug-resistant clones that may be concealed within ITH. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The standard diagnostic techniques such as invasive core needle biopsy, serological protein marker assays, and non-invasive radiological imaging do not provide information about the presence and molecular profile of small fractions of early metastatic tumor cells which are prematurely dispersed in the circulatory system. (biomedcentral.com)
  • These organizations will probably reflect the essential part these substances play in the relationships of tumor cells with the different parts of both innate and adaptive disease fighting capability [1-5] (Fig. 1). (sunolmolecular.com)
  • We confirmed that steady with mRNA, Cav 1 protein was expressed during the CD133 tumor cells by Western blot examination. (plasignaling.com)
  • Using single-cell RNA sequencing (RNA-seq), we examine the intratumoral heterogeneity of a pair of primary renal cell carcinoma and its lung metastasis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Adoptive transfer of T-cells genetically modified to recognize malignancy-associated antigens is showing promise as a new approach to treating cancer (see, e.g. (justia.com)
  • After developing in the bone marrow, undifferentiated B cells enter peripheral lymphoid tissues, such as the lymph nodes, spleen, and gut (eg, Peyer patches). (msdmanuals.com)
  • anemia, or pancytopenia: Clonal cells can infiltrate bone matrix and/or marrow. (msdmanuals.com)
  • We used FACSorting to isolate 57 cell subsets from bone marrow (BM) aspirates of 10 WM patients: CD34+ HPC, B cell precursors, residual normal B cells (if detectable), WM B cells, plasma cells (PCs) and T cells (germline control). (confex.com)
  • IL-7R signaling activates widespread V and D gene usage to drive antibody diversity in bone marrow B cells. (babraham.ac.uk)
  • With a detailed description of the Igh repertoire in murine IL-7Rα bone marrow B cells, we demonstrate that IL-7R signaling profoundly influences V gene selection during V-to-DJ recombination. (babraham.ac.uk)
  • B-cell production in humans is a lifelong process that starts in the fetal liver intrauterine and bone marrow after birth. (statpearls.com)
  • In contrast to chicken, B-cell development in humans took place predominantly in the bone marrow. (statpearls.com)
  • It is characterized by the replacement of bone marrow by fibrous tissue, a process that is mediated by CYTOKINES arising from the abnormal clone. (lookformedical.com)
  • These genomic changes can go awry by placing a gene that controls cell growth an/or survival adjacent to a normally highly active antibody gene promoter and/or by causing the formation of extra chromosomes (see trisomy) or chromosomes with large deletions that result in the overexpression or under-expression, respectively, of genes that control cell growth and/or survival. (wikipedia.org)
  • In particular embodiments, the cells are modified to reduce expression completely or partially of multiple endogenous genes in the cells, and such modifications allow the cells of the therapy to kill cancer cells more effectively than if the cells were not so modified. (justia.com)
  • The methods and compositions relate to modulation of expression of multiple genes whose products are involved in suppression of the cells, in particular aspects. (justia.com)
  • Thus, in specific embodiments, the expression of SIT1, BST2, and PD-1 is altered through genetic modification that results in improved T cell resistance or TIL resistance to immunosuppression compared to T cells or TIL, respectively, that do not have deliberate modification of expression of these genes. (justia.com)
  • collected samples from six patients with acral melanoma and examined the genes used by more than 60,000 individual cells. (elifesciences.org)
  • abstract: BACKGROUND:In interferon-γ-stimulated cells, the dimeric transcription factor STAT1 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 1) recognizes semi-palindromic motifs in the promoter regions of cytokine-driven target genes termed GAS (gamma-activated sites). (shengsci.com)
  • Identify and clone the genes located at translocation breakpoints. (nih.gov)
  • Our analysis suggests that H3K4me3-BDs can be created by super-enhancers and supports the new concept of epigenomic translocation, where the relocation of H3K4me3-BDs from cell identity genes to oncogenes accompanies the translocation of super-enhancers. (babraham.ac.uk)
  • In this regard, his group has cloned T-cell receptors recognizing HERV-E antigens and in a first in human clinical trial being conducted at the NIH Clinical Center, is investigating the anti-tumor potential of adoptively transferring autologous T-cells genetically modified to express HERV-E T-cell receptors. (nih.gov)
  • Subsequently, monoclonal antibodies were prepared against specific cytokines (anti-cytokines), which were believed to play a role in cell and tissue damage in immunologically mediated diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, alkylosing spondylitis, inflammatory bowel disease, multiple sclerosis and psoriasis, among others. (nih.gov)
  • Fig. 2: Correlative studies in patient tissue and plasma samples enable investigation of tumor evolution and cellular phenotypes associated with disease progression. (nature.com)
  • A protective tissue, consisting of parenchyma cells, that develops over a cut or damaged plant surface. (fao.org)
  • 3. Actively dividing non-organized masses of undifferentiated and differentiated cells often developing from injury (wounding) or in tissue culture in the presence of growth regulators. (fao.org)
  • A layer, usually regarded as one or two cells thick, of persistently meristematic tissue between the xylem and phloem tissues, and which gives rise to secondary tissues, thus resulting in an increase in diameter. (fao.org)
  • cancer Uncontrolled growth of the cells of a tissue or an organ in a multicellular organism. (fao.org)
  • Most were cancer cells, but there were also immune cells, blood vessel cells, skin cells, and a type of cell that makes connective tissue. (elifesciences.org)
  • It is characterized by the presence of invasive and anaplastic trophoblastic tissue composed of intermediate trophoblastic cells, cytotrophoblasts and syncytiotrophoblasts, abundant vascularity, and secretion of human chorionic gonadotropin. (nih.gov)
  • Random sampling of easily accessible patient blood or its serum/plasma derivatives and other bodily fluids collectively known as liquid biopsy (LB), forms an efficient alternative to tissue biopsies. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Most iiDMRs that were not overlapping ERV insertions occurred at tissue-specific DMRs and it cannot be ruled out that these are driven by changes in the ratio of cell types in the tissues analysed. (researchgate.net)
  • Accordingly, the clonotypic BCR detected in WM cells was unbiasedly investigated in all B cell maturation stages defined according to their molecular phenotype. (confex.com)
  • Embodiments of the disclosure include at least the fields of cell biology, molecular biology, immunology, cell therapy, and medicine. (justia.com)
  • The existence of disparate admixtures of cancer cells across mRCC and pRCC typically leads to significant differences in their sensitivity to therapies [ 13 ] and rare complete response to targeted molecular agents [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The molecular interaction relationships between TME cells, such as MIF-CD44 and TNFSF9-TNFRSF9, might be an attractive target for developing novel immunotherapeutic agents. (elifesciences.org)
  • Our work has also demonstrated that there is a biphasic alteration in the apoptotic response in the transformed cells during the development of mammary cancer in the C3(1)/Tag mice: Rates of apoptosis rise during the preinvasive phase, but fall during the transition to invasive carcinomas. (nih.gov)
  • The morphological changes of apoptosis found in most cell types include nuclear pyknosis, DNA fragmentation and chromatin condensation, cytoskeleton destruction, membrane blebbing, and eventually the formation of membrane apoptotic bodies, which are phagocytosed by macrophages and other cells without promoting inflammatory response [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Monoclonal antibodies are typically derived from a clonal expansion of antibody producing malignant human plasma cells. (nih.gov)
  • Many of the initial monoclonal antibodies used in clinical medicine were immunomodulatory agents with activity against specific immune cells, such as CD4 or CD3 lymphocytes, which are important in the pathogenesis of rejection after solid organ transplantation. (nih.gov)
  • Clumping of red cells on peripheral blood smear (rouleaux formation) was also supportive of the diagnosis, although it may also be seen with systemic inflammation or the presence of red cell antibodies. (medscape.com)
  • The objective of this review is to assemble different cancer cell lines from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) and MI Bioresearch with their histotype and morphology with effect on different anticancer drugs along with engineered monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) simultaneously including a comparative investigation on progression-free survival (PFS) to decline the rate of cancer in near future. (ijpsr.com)
  • B cells acquire their name from the early experiments on chicken that demonstrate the synthesis of antibodies. (statpearls.com)
  • The cells that are responsible for antibodies production were called bursa derived or B cells. (statpearls.com)
  • Dr. Childs and his research team were the first to establish the existence of a graft-vs-solid tumor effect mediated by transplanted donor T-cells that could cure patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma. (nih.gov)
  • Translational research being conducted in his lab is focused on developing novel T-cell based approaches to target HERV-E derived kidney cancer antigens in clear cell renal cell carcinoma. (nih.gov)
  • The aim of this study was to analyze the expression, biological role and clinical relevance of cancer stem cell markers in high-grade serous carcinoma (HGSC). (cancerindex.org)
  • Endocervical Carcinoma An adenocarcinoma characterized by the presence of malignant glandular epithelium resembling the endocervical epithelium. (nih.gov)
  • Hereditary Wilms' Tumor Familial embryonal neoplasm derived from nephrogenic blastemal cells. (nih.gov)
  • Bioinformatics analyses of the high-throughput sequencing data with ARResT/Interrogate, a platform developed within the EuroClonality-NGS Working Group, allowed accurate identification of clonotypes in both polyclonal cell populations and monoclonal lymphoproliferative disorders. (nature.com)
  • Moreover, interpretation of clonality patterns in suboptimal DNA samples is not always straightforward, making it difficult to establish whether rearrangement profiles are truly clonal, oligoclonal, or polyclonal. (nature.com)
  • The nonhematopoietic component includes osteoblasts/osteoclasts (OBs/OCs), endothelial cells (ECs), endothelial progenitor cells and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) [4] and for classification purposes OCs/OBs, although these cells are derived from hematopoietic progenitors. (tmeresearch.org)
  • Nowell, P. C. The clonal evolution of tumor cell populations. (nature.com)
  • Greaves, M. & Maley, C. C. Clonal evolution in cancer. (nature.com)
  • One exception is hu- humanized SCID mice, the use of al oncogenic viruses that are strictly man T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 surrogate hosts has not proven very species-specific, causing cancer in (HTLV-1): in addition to its ability to useful for defining tumour site con- humans only. (who.int)
  • Crosslinking-mediated BCR activation antagonized CLL cell death triggered by EC-7072, increased the phosphorylation levels of the abovementioned signaling nodes and upregulated BCL2 expression, suggesting that the mithralog disrupts CLL cell viability by targeting the BCR signaling axis at multiple levels. (frontiersin.org)
  • Since the identification of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) , the incidences in gastric cancers have decreased worldwide, but there are reports of increases in esophageal squamous cell carcinomas (ESCC) as well as of adenocarcinomas of the esophago-gastral junction [ 5 ]. (springeropen.com)
  • Currently, there are no clinically effective, FDA-approved monoclonal antibody or autologous T-cell therapies for MM (see, e.g. (justia.com)
  • OBJECTIVE: This multicentre, phase 2, randomized, controlled study of allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) recipients compared the immunogenicity of two anti-pneumococcal vaccine regimens: four doses of 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) followed by 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23) (3+1+1 experimental group), and three doses of PCV13 followed by PPSV23 (3+0+1 group). (bvsalud.org)
  • Tumor initiation and progression are somatic evolutionary processes driven by the accumulation of genetic alterations, some of which confer selective fitness advantages to the host cell. (nature.com)
  • Although targeting these pathways significantly improved progression-free survival, the outgrowth of drug-resistant clones reduced the clinical efficacy and remains a clinical challenge that must be overcome [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This study will help inform our knowledge of the immune infiltration on this type of cancer, and is an important step toward better understanding how these cell interactions influence acral melanoma development, progression and therapy response. (elifesciences.org)
  • The term "oncotarget" encompasses all molecules, pathways, cellular functions, cell types, and even tissues that can be viewed as targets relevant to cancer as well as other diseases. (oncotarget.com)
  • Activation of drug target pathways demonstrates considerable variability between the primary and metastatic sites, as well as among individual cancer cells within each site. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Based on the prediction of multiple drug target pathway activation, we derive a combinatorial regimen co-targeting two mutually exclusive pathways for the metastatic cancer cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Additionally, developmental checkpoints exist along the pathways to determine whether the cell goes into the normal pathway or an alternative pathway resulting in cell death. (statpearls.com)
  • The disclosure particularly concerns adoptive cell therapies for individuals with cancer, including methods and compositions that allow immunotherapies to work more effectively for killing cancer cells of any kind. (justia.com)
  • Additionally, interactions between cancer cells and surrounding stromal and immune cells through autonomous and non-autonomous signaling can influence competition for survival. (nature.com)
  • A new function for the serine protease HtrA2 in controlling radiation-induced senescence in cancer cells. (weizmann.ac.il)
  • The Serine Protease HtrA2/Omi mediates radiation-induced senescence in lung cancer cells. (weizmann.ac.il)
  • As cancer is not homogeneous it makes the treatment complicated because there may be three, four, five, or six different slight variations in the cancer cells as known cancer is the constellation of over two hundred diseases having similar characteristics but are different from each other in their mechanism. (ijpsr.com)
  • Dr. Childs also serves as the principal investigator on several investigator-initiated clinical research protocols conducted at the NIH Clinical Center exploring novel hematopoietic stem cell transplant regimens aimed at improving transplant-outcomes for patients with treatment refractory severe aplastic anemia, and has performed over 400 hundred experimental stem cell transplants at the NHLBI. (nih.gov)
  • Plasma cell disorders may be suspected because of clinical manifestations, most often bone disease, renal failure, and low blood counts, or an incidental finding of elevated serum protein or proteinuria that leads to further evaluation with serum or urine protein electrophoresis. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Dr. Childs' lab also has a major focus on NK Cell immunotherapy, conducting lab based and clinical research aimed at exploring a variety of different strategies to optimize adoptive NK cell therapy for cancer. (nih.gov)
  • This study aims to monitor the long-term health of patients who have received a donor stem cell transplant from the NIH Clinical Center. (nih.gov)
  • By employing gene-specific primers for IGH and IGK amplifying smaller amplicon sizes in combination with deep sequencing technology, this NGS-based IG clonality analysis showed robust performance, even in DNA samples of suboptimal DNA integrity, and a high clinical sensitivity for the detection of clonal rearrangements. (nature.com)
  • From bench to bedside, clinical research had always played as a convenient tool in the field of cancer biology to inquire about the effectiveness of different anticancer drugs on different human-derived cancer cell lines. (ijpsr.com)
  • Using tiled Capture Hi-C, we produce a comprehensive map of chromatin interactions throughout the 2.8-Mb Igh locus in progenitor B cells. (babraham.ac.uk)
  • They all involve dysregulation of multipotent MYELOID PROGENITOR CELLS, most often caused by a mutation in the JAK2 PROTEIN TYROSINE KINASE. (lookformedical.com)
  • that said, differently sized fragments can still represent the same rearrangement, however they may also describe different clonal lymphoid populations. (nature.com)
  • The process of light-chain-associated amyloid (AL-Am) fibril formation in unique organelles (fibril-forming organelles) with lysosomal features has been documented in vitro in renal mesangial cells incubated with amyloidogenic light chains using electron microscopy and lysosomal gradient centrifugation to visualize intricate interactions between monoclonal light chains and endosomes/lysosomes. (mdpi.com)
  • This study is investigating a new method for collecting blood stem cells from donors to see if it reduces transplant complications, such as rejection, in patients who have blood diseases. (nih.gov)
  • A differential leukocyte count measures the relative numbers of the different types of white cells. (lookformedical.com)
  • Research in the Laboratory of Transplantation Immunotherapy, led by Dr. Richard W. Childs, is focused on finding ways to adapt and enhance immune cells to attack even the most entrenched cancers. (nih.gov)
  • The blockade of the JNK-Mff axis inhibited Tan IIA-mediated mitochondrial fission and promoted the survival of SW837 cells. (shengsci.com)
  • The osteoblastic niche is also composed of reticular cells, fibroblasts, and adipocytes. (tmeresearch.org)
  • that is histopathological y very simi- T cel s, B cel s, natural kil er cel s, LMP1 of EBV can transform ro- lar to that caused by hepatitis B vi- macrophages, and dendritic cells, dent fibroblasts and is expressed rus (HBV) in humans, but it does so and this humanized mouse model in most of the human cancers as- through a different mechanism. (who.int)
  • Autoimmunity is the production of autoantibodies and immunologically competent T cells against the body's own tissues. (microbiologynote.com)
  • Autoimmunity refers to the immune system's response in which it mistakenly attacks the body's own healthy cells, tissues, and other normal constituents. (microbiologynote.com)
  • As they are stimulated to become plasma cells, B cells refashion parts of their genome in efforts to create a new gene that encodes a functional antibody. (wikipedia.org)
  • Herein, we performed single-cell RNA-Seq of BM plasma cells from patients with POEMS syndrome and identified POEMS clones that had Ig λ light chain (IGL) sequences (IGLV1-36, -40, -44, and -47) with amino acid changes specific to POEMS syndrome. (bvsalud.org)
  • Rarely, transient plasma cell disorders occur in patients with drug hypersensitivity (eg, sulfonamides, phenytoin , penicillin), with presumed viral infections, and after heart or transplant surgery. (msdmanuals.com)
  • [ 1 ] Less than 1% of these patients have a malignant cause. (medscape.com)
  • Notably, we found MYD88 L265P in B cell precursors from 1/10 cases and in residual normal B cells from 4/10 patients, which were confirmed by ASO-PCR and ddPCR. (confex.com)
  • Indeed, these more sensitive methods detected MYD88 L265P in B cell precursors from 6/10 cases and in residual normal B cells from 6/10 patients. (confex.com)
  • Here, He and collaborators analyse eight samples from six patients with acral melanoma through single-cell RNA sequencing. (elifesciences.org)
  • Cancer cell lines procured from patients who underwent aggressive cancers. (ijpsr.com)
  • and may accumulate "secondary genomic changes" that cause them to become malignant. (wikipedia.org)
  • Cell lines, which are almost ubiquitously used in biomedical laboratories, are often characterized by significant genomic heterogeneities, making analyses and comparisons challenging. (genengnews.com)
  • All of those analyses utilized chromosomal tar get sequences that had been retrieved both by plasmid res cue from a heterogenous population of targeted cells or by PCR based methods making use of a restricted level of genomic DNA isolated from personal targeted clones grown on 96 properly plates. (plasignaling.com)
  • Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a necessary but insufficient cause of a subset of oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCCs) that is increasing markedly in frequency. (cancerindex.org)
  • The term is used to describe the situation in which a cell actively pursues a course toward death upon receiving certain stimuli. (hindawi.com)
  • Here, a clone of plasma cells refers to group of plasma cells that are abnormal in that they have an identical genetic identity and therefore are descendants of a single genetically distinct ancestor cell. (wikipedia.org)
  • A de novo myeloproliferation arising from an abnormal stem cell. (lookformedical.com)