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Multilocus Sequence TypingBacterial Typing TechniquesSequence Analysis, DNAMolecular EpidemiologyCluster AnalysisElectrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-FieldDNA, BacterialPhylogenyDNA FingerprintingGenotypeGenetic VariationSerotypingMolecular TypingMycological Typing TechniquesCampylobacter jejuniBacterial ProteinsMolecular Sequence DataStaphylococcal InfectionsCampylobacter InfectionsCampylobacter coliGenes, BacterialMinisatellite RepeatsStreptococcus pneumoniaeMicrobial Sensitivity TestsEnvironmental MicrobiologyAnti-Bacterial AgentsCarrier StateAllelesPolymerase Chain ReactionMethicillin ResistancePneumococcal InfectionsStaphylococcus aureusDrug Resistance, BacterialDrug Resistance, Multiple, BacterialNeisseria meningitidisStreptococcal InfectionsElectrophoresis, Starch GelVirulence FactorsAmplified Fragment Length Polymorphism AnalysisMeningococcal InfectionsMethicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureusbeta-LactamasesRNA, Ribosomal, 16SGenome, BacterialRecombination, GeneticCronobacterEvolution, MolecularGram-Positive Bacterial InfectionsCross InfectionPoultryEscherichia coli InfectionsRibotypingDisease OutbreaksAchromobacterPolymorphism, GeneticLeukocidinsEnterococcus faeciumHospitalsVirulenceSpecies SpecificitySequence HomologyStreptococcus agalactiaeGeographyPolymorphism, Restriction Fragment LengthGenetics, PopulationMeningitis, MeningococcalModels, GeneticFood MicrobiologyBase SequenceAcinetobacter baumanniiBurkholderia cepacia complexCommunity-Acquired InfectionsKlebsiella pneumoniaeExotoxinsXylellaEnzymesSpainDNA, RibosomalPortugalPoultry DiseasesPetsAcinetobacter InfectionsGene Transfer, HorizontalCampylobacterDNA, ConcatenatedPhylogeographyGenomic IslandsSinorhizobiumBurkholderia pseudomalleiNeriumKlebsiella InfectionsArcobacterBacterial ToxinsCarbapenemsChickensbeta-Lactam ResistanceCandida tropicalisGenes, EssentialBacterial CapsulesPhenotype
MLSTComplexesHousekeeping genesWhole genomePulsed-field gel electStrainsBacterialLineagesIdentified as clonal complexComplexMolecularSusceptibilityHighly clonalPhylogenetic analysisLociAureusNucleotideNeisseriaJejuniGenotypeDiversityGenomic sequencesPathogenSerogroupSeven housekeeping gStrainColiAllelesPFGEAntimicrobial resistanceConclusionsGenomesGenotypesPopulationsRecombinationCarriage isolatesLocusAntibioticStreptococcusHuman isolatesEvolutionaryRelatednessAnalysis identifiedResistance genesFaeciumVaccineDifferencesPrevalence
MLST33
  • Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) is a technique in molecular biology for the typing of multiple loci, using DNA sequences of internal fragments of multiple housekeeping genes to characterize isolates of microbial species. (wikipedia.org)
  • MLST directly measures the DNA sequence variations in a set of housekeeping genes and characterizes strains by their unique allelic profiles. (wikipedia.org)
  • The principle of MLST is simple: the technique involves PCR amplification followed by DNA sequencing. (wikipedia.org)
  • The workflow of MLST involves: 1) data collection, 2) data analysis and 3) multilocus sequence analysis. (wikipedia.org)
  • Quoting Staphylococcus aureus as an example, seven housekeeping genes are used in MLST typing. (wikipedia.org)
  • Thus both the number and type of housekeeping genes interrogated by MLST may differ from species to species. (wikipedia.org)
  • The sequence types (STs) were analyzed with multilocus sequence typing (MLST). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Whole genome sequencing (WGS) and phylogenetic analysis was performed on selected multilocus sequence type (MLST) clonal complex 5 (CC5) isolates from Sri Lanka, England, Australia and Argentina. (whiterose.ac.uk)
  • Nineteen spa types belonging to nine MLST clonal complexes were identified. (whiterose.ac.uk)
  • In all the samples, 50 E. coli strains were isolated and then assigned to serotyping, antimicrobial susceptibility test, detection of antimicrobial resistance genes and the Class 1 integrons, and multilocus sequence typing (MLST). (hindawi.com)
  • MLST analysis showed that 32 sequence types (STs) were identified, while ST46 was the predominant genotype among all isolates. (hindawi.com)
  • Hierarchical clustering of the NRRL B-2354 genome with 126 other E. faecium genomes as well as pbp5 locus comparisons and multilocus sequence typing (MLST) showed that the genotype of this strain is most similar to commensal, or community-associated, strains of this species. (pacb.com)
  • We describe here the development of a multilocus sequence typing (MLST) scheme for S. uberis to help address these issues. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) was proposed in 1998 as a portable sequence-based method for identifying clonal relationships among bacteria. (ox.ac.uk)
  • A total of 420 Neisseria meningitidis strains collected between 1983 and 2005 in Cuba were analyzed by multilocus sequence typing (MLST). (ox.ac.uk)
  • Here, a multilocus sequence typing (MLST) system for this organism is described, which exploits the genetic variation present in seven housekeeping loci to determine the genetic relationships among isolates. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The allelic profiles, or sequence types (STs), of these isolates were deposited on the Internet (http://mlst.zoo.ox.ac.uk), forming a virtual isolate collection which could be continually expanded. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Using genome sequences of 730 strains of the Acb complex, we evaluated the phylogenetic congruence of MLST schemes, the correspondence between sequence types, their discriminative power and genotyping reliability from genomic sequences. (figshare.com)
  • The aim of this study was to perform a genotyping analysis of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa -resistant isolates by the multilocus sequence typing (MLST) method at the university teaching hospital in Iran. (advbiores.net)
  • Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) is a strain-typing system that focuses strictly on conserved housekeeping genes. (advbiores.net)
  • A multilocus sequence typing (MLST) scheme based on seven housekeeping genes was used to investigate the epidemiology and population structure of Enterococcus faecalis. (uax.es)
  • MLST of 110 isolates from different sources and geographic locations revealed 55 different sequence types that grouped into four major clonal complexes (CC2, CC9, CC10, and CC21) by use of eBURST. (uax.es)
  • Two of these clonal complexes, CC2 and CC9, are particularly fit in the hospital environment, as CC2 includes the previously described BVE clonal complex identified by an alternative MLST scheme and CC9 includes exclusively isolates from hospitalized patients. (uax.es)
  • The multilocus sequence typing network: mlst.net. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Multilocus sequence typing (MLST), which defines strains from the sequences at seven house-keeping loci, has become the method of choice for molecular typing of many bacterial and fungal pathogens (and non-pathogens), and MLST schemes and strain databases are available for a growing number of prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Laboratories undertaking MLST can quickly progress from sequencing the seven gene fragments to characterizing their strains and relating them to those submitted by others and to the population as a whole. (ox.ac.uk)
  • We provide the gateway to a number of MLST schemes, each of which contain a set of tools for the initial characterization of strains, and methods for relating query strains to other strains of the species, including clustering based on differences in allelic profiles, phylogenetic trees based on concatenated sequences, and a recently developed method (eBURST) for identifying clonal complexes within a species and displaying the overall structure of the population. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Clones were defined by Multilocus Sequence Typing (MLST), spa type and Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE). (openveterinaryjournal.com)
  • AIMS: Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) was used to examine the diversity and population structure of Campylobacter jejuni isolates associated with sporadic cases of gastroenteritis in Australia, and to compare these isolates with those from elsewhere. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The isolates were typed by multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) and analyzed to determine the overall diversity of Campylobacter in that river environment. (usda.gov)
  • The C. jejuni and C. coli isolates were typed by the Oxford MLST scheme. (usda.gov)
  • In this study, we characterized invasive meningococcal isolates (n=294) recovered in Lithuania from 2009 to 2019 by multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and typing of antigens FetA and PorA. (nvspl.lt)
  • A total of 163 case isolates and 210 isolates from healthy carriers were characterized by multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and sequence determination of porA, porB and fetA genes. (ox.ac.uk)
Complexes16
  • Researchers do epidemiological and phylogenetical studies by comparing STs of different clonal complexes. (wikipedia.org)
  • Multilocus sequence typing analysis identified 29 sequence types belonging to 12 clonal complexes. (bmj.com)
  • Pneumocyclicin cassettes were mainly of one genetic cluster and largely found among seven major pneumococcal clonal complexes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This study also showed that the application of VA-MENGOC-BC, the Cuban serogroup B and C vaccine, reduced the frequency and diversity of hypervirulent clonal complexes ST-32 (vaccine serogroup B type-strain) and ST-41/44 and also affected other lineages. (ox.ac.uk)
  • A total of 38 STs, six clonal complexes, and 23 flaA SVR nucleotide STs were identified. (ox.ac.uk)
  • These clonal complexes were also identified among human disease isolates collected in the same health care region. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Of the 155 STs observed, 51 (26% of the isolate collection) were unique, with the remainder of the collection being categorized into 11 lineages or clonal complexes of related STs with between 2 and 56 members. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The schemes have three genes in common but underlie two coexisting nomenclatures of sequence types and clonal complexes, which complicates communication on A. baumannii genotypes. (figshare.com)
  • The results showed that CC-354 and CC-828 were the dominant clonal complexes of C. jejuni and C. coli, respectively, and a phylogenetic analysis showed that three unclassified multilocus sequence types of C. coli were more closely genetically related to C. jejuni than to other C. coli in this study. (figshare.com)
  • The 19 newly described STs accounted for 43% of isolates, 16 of which were assigned to known clonal complexes. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Eighty-eight percent of isolates were assigned to a total of 15 clonal complexes. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Of these, four clonal complexes accounted for 60% of isolates. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Comparison of serotypes among isolates from clonal complexes revealed further diversity. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Eight serotypes were identified among isolates from more than one clonal complex, while isolates from six clonal complexes displayed serotypes not previously associated with those clonal complexes. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The strongest associations between specific surface protein variants and clonal complexes were detected in lineages ST-32 and ST-53. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Finally, this study showed that the application of VA-MENGOC-BC((R)), the Cuban antimeningococcal vaccine, reduced the number and frequency of the hypervirulent Clonal Complexes ST-32 and ST-41/44, and also impacted on other lineages. (ox.ac.uk)
Housekeeping genes2
  • For each of these housekeeping genes, the different sequences are assigned as alleles and the alleles at the loci provide an allelic profile. (wikipedia.org)
  • This does not use the assigned alleles, but instead concatenates the sequences of the gene fragments of the housekeeping genes and uses this concatenated sequence to determine phylogenetic relationships. (wikipedia.org)
Whole genome10
  • N. meningitidis isolates were evaluated for antibiotic susceptibility and characterised by whole genome sequencing. (bmj.com)
  • Note: CDC may perform conventional microbiological methods, slide agglutination, and whole genome sequencing as needed to resolve any discrepancies. (cdc.gov)
  • 1 WGS: Whole genome sequencing - a process that determines the complete DNA sequence of an organism's genome at one time. (cdc.gov)
  • Whole genome sequencing revealed the close relationship of an antibiotic-susceptible chicken isolate from Germany with a multidrug-resistant human clinical isolate from China and additional linkages between livestock isolates and human clinical isolates related to international clonal lineages. (uni-koeln.de)
  • oocysts and extract DNA in order to obtain high-quality whole genome sequences with minimum contamination of DNA from other organisms. (cdc.gov)
  • A single isolate was cultured from each clinical sample and underwent whole-genome sequencing on the Illumina HiSeq platform, yielding 520 high quality sequences. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Our gene-based typing approach using online platforms such as the Bacterial Isolate Genome Sequence Database (BIGSdb) allows the scalable organization and analysis of whole-genome sequence data. (ox.ac.uk)
  • We undertook whole genome sequencing of E. faecalis associated with bloodstream infection in the UK and Ireland over more than a decade to determine the population structure and genetic associations with hospital adaptation. (nature.com)
  • The first whole-genome sequence of E. faecalis was published in 2003 8 . (nature.com)
  • The GyrA T86I mutation and 15 acquired resistance genes were detected with whole-genome sequencing (WGS). (figshare.com)
Pulsed-field gel elect4
  • Although molecular typing identified 126 E. faecalis pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) pulsotypes, more than 50% belonged to 2 pulsotypes that were isolated across Australia. (edu.au)
  • In WA, between 2003 and 2010, 83 unique pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) strains were described from which 46 multilocus sequence types have been characterised. (edu.au)
  • All isolates with bla OXA-23-like or bla OXA-24-like were subjected to pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, and 82 isolates (60 isolates with bla OXA-23-like and 22 isolates with bla OXA-24-like ) were selected for multilocus sequence typing to determine the sequence type (ST) and clonal group (CG) and for detection of additional -lactamase and aminoglycoside resistance genes. (tmu.edu.tw)
  • The genetic relationship was assessed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and multilocus sequence typing. (visavet.es)
Strains10
  • Molecular evaluation revealed a degree of similarity among strains belonging to the same clonal complex. (bmj.com)
  • The complete sequence of gyrA gene from 77 strains are reported in this study and analyzed in the context of publicly available sequences from N. meningitidis of other CCs as well as other Neisseria species. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Furthermore, the strains that are sharing the sequence of 4 or more genes (identified as a number for convenience) among the 7 genes used to determine STs could be classified into the same clonal complex (CC) [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In this study, the prevalence, phenotypes, and clonal relationships of Escherichia coli ( E. coli ) strains isolated from minks were investigated. (hindawi.com)
  • Meanwhile, mink-derived strain ST206 formed a new clonal complex, CC206, which was different from human ST strains. (hindawi.com)
  • The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification and sequencing were performed on specific genes of drug-resistant strains. (bvsalud.org)
  • Additionally, structures of D. planctonicum and D. hangangense strains were different type in Box-B and V3 region. (e-algae.org)
  • [2] The choice of seven loci ensures adequate variability in distinguishing the most closely related strains and still be able to track the global clonal history of the species with the highest possible accuracy. (advbiores.net)
  • Sequence data are ideal for strain characterization as they are unambiguous, meaning strains can readily be compared between laboratories via the Internet. (ox.ac.uk)
  • We collected draft genome sequence data and associated metadata data on 76 N. gonorrhoeae strains from around the globe and searched for known determinants of antibiotics resistance within the strains. (peerj.com)
Bacterial4
  • Bacterial meningitis can be caused by several types of bacteria including Streptococcus pneumonia or Neisseria meningitidis ( N.meningitidis ). (biomedcentral.com)
  • We tested for loci associated with pyomyositis by performing association testing for all SNPs and short sequences (kmers) using Gemma, which controls for bacterial population structure. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The ability to sequence large bacterial collections means that the molecular epidemiology and gene content of epidemic and sporadic lineages can now be defined systematically. (nature.com)
  • Bacterial genetic characteristics also influence disease type and severity. (biomedcentral.com)
Lineages1
  • The number of carrier isolates belonging to hypervirulent lineages decreased significantly after vaccination, and ST-53, a sequence type common in carriers, became the predominant ST. (ox.ac.uk)
Identified as clonal complex2
  • Prior to 2015, most invasive serogroup W isolates were identified as clonal complex 22 (ST-22 CC) and the increase in serogroup W in Canada in recent years has been associated with the replacement of the endemic ST-22 CC with the hyper-virulent ST-11 CC. (canada.ca)
  • Almost 90% of the E. faecium were identified as clonal complex 17 clones, of which approximately half were characterised as sequence type 203, which was isolated Australia-wide. (edu.au)
Complex12
  • Most of these CRAB isolates (77.62%) were classified as clone complex 92 (CC92), and sequence type (ST) 92 was the most prevalent STs, followed by ST195, ST136, ST843, and ST75. (frontiersin.org)
  • The rates of clonal complex 90 (CC90) and CC386 among the oral-penicillin-nonsusceptible isolates decreased over the years, whereas the rates of CC855 and CC3173 increased. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Isolates were sent to the National Microbiology Laboratory for confirmation of serogroup and further studies including phenotype and clonal complex identification. (canada.ca)
  • Neisseria meningitidis ( N.meningitidis ) bacteria belonging to clonal complex 4821 (CC4821) have been mainly reported in China and have been characterized by a high resistance rate to ciprofloxacin (CIP). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Clonal complex 3 (CC3) was dominant. (hindawi.com)
  • Compared with 340 human E. coli STs reported in China, the ST10 clonal complex, known as the largest human clonal complex, was also found in the 50 mink E. coli isolates. (hindawi.com)
  • These isolates belong to Clonal Complex (CC) 121. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The other 33 STs were not assigned to any clonal complex. (ox.ac.uk)
  • There was no clear association between ST or clonal complex and disease. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Different clonal complex (CC) and spa-types were identified, including CC398, CC97, and CC1, CC already reported in livestock animals in Italy. (unimi.it)
  • The most common type was ST-61 (collected on two occasions 18 months apart) with four isolates and the most common clonal complex was CC179 with 9 isolates (collected on 5 occasions as much as 30 months apart). (usda.gov)
  • neoformans, and 16 C. gattii species complex) from both clinical and environmental sources were analyzed by multi-locus sequence typing. (uludag.edu.tr)
Molecular6
  • CDC will perform WGS for molecular typing of isolates as part of special projects or requests. (cdc.gov)
  • Screening for mecA, mecC and the Panton-Valentine leucocidin (PVL) -associated lukS-PV/lukF-PV genes and molecular characterisation by spa typing was undertaken. (whiterose.ac.uk)
  • Internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions between 18S and 28S rRNA genes have been used as molecular typing tools for other organisms. (cdc.gov)
  • Microbial genome sequencing provides the opportunity to gain a detailed understanding of the molecular basis for hospital adaptation. (nature.com)
  • Molecular epidemiologic studies have mainly focused on candidiasis in humans, but rarely in animals, thus in-depth investigations on molecular typing and evolutionary relationships are still lacking. (springer.com)
  • however, the characterization of meningococcal isolates by molecular typing methods has not yet been performed. (nvspl.lt)
Susceptibility3
  • To understand the prevalence and genetic characteristics of Campylobacter in Chinese local dual-purpose (meat and eggs) chickens, the genomes of 30 Campylobacter isolates, including 13 C. jejuni and 17 C. coli from Jianghan-chickens in central China, were sequenced and tested for antibiotic susceptibility. (figshare.com)
  • Sixty-three selected MRSA isolates obtained from different sources in farm A and B were genetically characterized by multilocus sequence typing, spa-typing, ribosomal spacer-PCR, and also tested for the presence of specific virulence genes and for their phenotypical antimicrobial susceptibility by broth microdilution method. (unimi.it)
  • Antimicrobial susceptibility was determined by the agar dilution method, and bla(ESBL) genes were sequenced. (visavet.es)
Highly clonal2
  • Both widely-distributed and highly clonal blp cassettes were identified. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Bordetella pertussis , the causative agent of whooping cough, is a highly clonal pathogen of the respiratory tract. (biomedcentral.com)
Phylogenetic analysis1
  • Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA sequences showed that our Dolichospermum clustered with D. planctonicum and D. circinale , which have coiled trichome. (e-algae.org)
Loci1
  • Multilocus Variable number of tandem repeats Analysis using 13 loci (MLVA-8(12)) was applied as a high-resolution genotyping method and compared to the standard Sequence Based Typing (SBT). (alquds.edu)
Aureus1
  • The clonal spread of S. aureus among animals and personnel in a Zoological Park was investigated. (openveterinaryjournal.com)
Nucleotide3
  • In the data collection step, definitive identification of variation is obtained by nucleotide sequence determination of gene fragments. (wikipedia.org)
  • Sequences that differ at even a single nucleotide are assigned as different alleles and no weighting is given to take into account the number of nucleotide differences between alleles, as we cannot distinguish whether differences at multiple nucleotide sites are a result of multiple point mutations or a single recombinational exchange. (wikipedia.org)
  • An ST is characterized by a different sequence nucleotide for at least one of the 7 reference genes. (biomedcentral.com)
Neisseria2
Jejuni5
  • The C. jejuni (n = 166) isolates were characterized by using multilocus sequence typing and were compared with isolates collected from free-range broiler chickens and wild starlings sampled at the same location. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Multilocus sequence typing system for Campylobacter jejuni. (ox.ac.uk)
  • These data indicated that C. jejuni is genetically diverse, with a weakly clonal population structure, and that intra- and interspecies horizontal genetic exchange was common. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Multilocus sequence typing of Campylobacter jejuni isolates from New South Wales, Australia. (ox.ac.uk)
  • jejuni in Australia, demonstrating that STs causing disease have both a global and a local distribution evident from the typing of domestically and internationally acquired Camp. (ox.ac.uk)
Genotype1
  • ST23 was the most frequent genotype (22%) among VNI isolates which were mostly grouped in a large clonal cluster including 50% of isolates. (uludag.edu.tr)
Diversity4
  • We analysed a collection of 336 diverse pneumococcal genomes dating from 1916 onwards, identified bacteriocin cassettes, detailed their genetic composition and sequence diversity, and evaluated the data in the context of the pneumococcal population structure. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Genome sequence analysis of 20 S . ruminantium isolates provided information about the antibiotic resistance, potential virulence, and serological diversity of this species. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In this study, multilocus sequence typing was used to characterise the genetic diversity and population structure of 24 avian origin C. albicans isolates collected from different birds with candidiasis and compared to human isolates. (springer.com)
  • The traditional Lancefield classification system, which is based on serotyping, has been replaced by emm typing, which has been used to characterize and measure the genetic diversity among isolates of S pyogenes . (medscape.com)
Genomic sequences3
  • By using next generation sequencing, genomic sequences can be obtained and compared to identify potential genotyping markers. (cdc.gov)
  • MiSeq sequencing reads were taxonomically profiled for contamination, de novo assembled, and mapped to a draft genome available in GenBank to assess the quality of the resulting genomic sequences. (cdc.gov)
  • The methods described here will facilitate the accumulation of genomic sequences from various samples, which is a prerequisite for the development of typing tools to aid in outbreak investigations. (cdc.gov)
Pathogen1
  • Early work by O'Rourke & Stevens (1993) using electrophoretic analysis of enzymes of the pathogen and serological methods suggested that gonococci have a non-clonal sexual or panmictic population structure. (peerj.com)
Serogroup1
  • The more recent (2017-2019) serogroup B isolates (n=60) were genotyped by analyzing vaccine-related antigens to evaluate their coverage by fourcomponent (4CMenB) and two-component (MenB-Fhbp) vaccines using the genetic Meningococcal Antigen Typing System (gMATS) and Meningococcal Deduced Vaccine Antigen Reactivity (MenDeVAR) Index methods, respectively. (nvspl.lt)
Seven housekeeping g1
  • The sequences of seven housekeeping gene fragments from each of 160 United Kingdom milk isolates of S. uberis were determined. (ox.ac.uk)
Strain4
  • To strike the balance between the acceptable identification power, time and cost for the strain typing, about seven to eight house-keeping genes are commonly used in the laboratories. (wikipedia.org)
  • A series of profiles can then be the identification marker for strain typing. (wikipedia.org)
  • A total of 2,639 coding sequences were identified, including 45 genes unique to this strain. (pacb.com)
  • The Pasteur scheme appears to be less discriminant among closely related isolates, but less affected by homologous recombination and more appropriate for precise strain classification in clonal groups, which within this scheme are more often correctly monophyletic. (figshare.com)
Coli2
  • Figure 2 E. Aldol condensation coli Δ mdtM cells complemented with wild-type mdtM can grow at alkaline pH. (bcl2signaling.com)
  • A) Growth phenotypes of ΔmdtM E. coli BW25113 cells transformed with a multicopy plasmid encoding wild-type MdtM (pMdtM) or the dysfunctional MdtM D22A mutant (pD22A) at different alkaline pH's on LB agar. (bcl2signaling.com)
Alleles2
  • In the data analysis step, all unique sequences are assigned allele numbers and combined into an allelic profile and assigned a sequence type (ST). If new alleles and STs are found, they are stored in the database after verification. (wikipedia.org)
  • Between 5 and 17 alleles were obtained per locus, giving the potential to discriminate between 1.3 x 10(7) sequence types. (ox.ac.uk)
PFGE2
  • E. faecium consisted of 73 PFGE pulsotypes from which 43 multilocus sequence types were identified. (edu.au)
  • Clonal analysis revealed the occurrence of seven STs, eight PFGE and five spa types including ones of human origin. (openveterinaryjournal.com)
Antimicrobial resistance2
  • We sequenced the whole genomes of 176 P. aeruginosa isolates collected in 2013-2014 by the Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance Program. (who.int)
  • The multi-locus sequence type, presence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) determinants, and relatedness between the isolates were derived from the sequence data. (who.int)
Conclusions1
Genomes2
  • Our revolutionary sequencing technologies combine the completeness of long reads with the accuracy of short reads to provide the most comprehensive view of genomes, transcriptomes, and epigenomes. (pacb.com)
  • The population of P. aeruginosa in the Philippines was diverse, with clonal expansions of XDR genomes belonging to multi-locus sequence types ST235, ST244, ST309, and ST773. (who.int)
Genotypes1
  • However, the ruminant S. suis and S. ruminantium isolates from diseased animals were classified into diverse genotypes rather than belonging to certain clonal groups. (biomedcentral.com)
Populations1
  • Inferences on migration routes can be made from tracking genetic types in populations found in the habitats and testing how they are linked to other types. (usda.gov)
Recombination2
  • Our results, together with previous work, indicate that the Oxford scheme has important issues: gdhB paralogy, recombination, primers sequences, position of the genes on the genome. (figshare.com)
  • Population genetic analysis confirmed that VNI group of isolates were characterized by low variability and clonal expansion while VNIV by a higher variability and a number of recombination events. (uludag.edu.tr)
Carriage isolates1
Locus3
  • Multi-locus sequence type was determined in silico using blast. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Furthermore, DNA microarray and spa typing suggest horizontal transfer of SCCmec elements has also occurred within the same CC. For many single and double locus variant CA-MRSA clones only a few isolates were detected. (edu.au)
  • This system is based on a sequence at the 5' end of a locus ( emm ) that is present in all isolates. (medscape.com)
Antibiotic2
  • E. faecium NRRL B-2354 lacks antibiotic resistance genes, and both NRRL B-2354 and its clonal relative ATCC 8459 are sensitive to clinically relevant antibiotics. (pacb.com)
  • The bla OXA-23-like gene was carried by antibiotic resistance genomic island 1 (AbGRI1)-type structures located on plasmids and/or the chromosome in isolates of different STs (CG92 and novel CG786), whereas bla OXA-24-like was carried on plasmids in CRAB isolates of limited STs (CG92). (tmu.edu.tw)
Streptococcus1
Human isolates1
  • Multilocus sequence typing disclosed further kinship between avian and human isolates. (uni-koeln.de)
Evolutionary1
  • Based upon the spa type and the DNA microarray profile six evolutionary events have subsequently occurred on at least three occasions from these clones (i.e. vertical transmission of the SCCmec element): twice from WA-MRSA-1, WA-MRSA-3, and WA-MRSA-5. (edu.au)
Relatedness2
Analysis identified1
  • Sequence analysis identified 74 sequence types among C. neoformans var. (uludag.edu.tr)
Resistance genes2
  • This was further supported by long-read sequencing of one representative XDR isolate, which revealed the presence of an integron carrying multiple resistance genes, including bla VIM-2 , with differences in gene composition and synteny to other P. aeruginosa class 1 integrons described before. (who.int)
  • The flanking regions of carbapenem and aminoglycoside resistance genes were identified by PCR mapping and sequencing. (tmu.edu.tw)
Faecium1
  • The genome of E. faecium NRRL B-2354 was sequenced and found to comprise a 2,635,572-bp chromosome and a 214,319-bp megaplasmid. (pacb.com)
Vaccine1
  • however, current PCVs only protect against 10 or 13 pneumococcal types, depending on the vaccine. (biomedcentral.com)
Differences2
  • Based on the differences in their capsular gene sequences, serotype "6E" was assigned to this group in a subsequent study [ 8 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • There are 4 major subfamilies of emm genes, which are defined by sequence differences within the 3' end, encoding the peptidoglycan-spanning domain. (medscape.com)
Prevalence1
  • CM, Palmer M, Schvarcz E, Aman J: Prevalence of urinary tract symptoms in long-standing type 1 diabetes mellitus. (inhibitorkit.com)