OrganismsDiseases
Porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virusWhite spot syndrome virus 1Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory SyndromePenaeidaeSyndromeDNA VirusesSwineDecapoda (Crustacea)
PRRSPigletsPCV2SowsStrainsInfectionHighly pathogenicSwine industryEpidemicMortalityAlveolar macrophagesMycoplasmaAvianDiseaseSingle-strandedDiseasesInfluenzaParvovirusMacrophagesPathogenesisYoung growSymptomsInfectionsGeneticPigs infectedFeverPseudorabiesOutbreaksLive attenuatedInfectiousTractTypeVaccine strainPathogenic virusesFailureAntibodyBovineImmuneHerdVariantRecombinationEbolaGenome
PRRS45
  • Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is now considered one of the most economically important diseases in countries with intensive swine industries. (cdc.gov)
  • The causative agent, PRRS virus (PRRSV), is a member of the family Arteriviridae ( 1 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Currently, inactivated and live attenuated viruses are used to try to eliminate porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS). (wikipedia.org)
  • Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is characterized by reproductive failure in sows and respiratory symptoms in piglets and growing pigs. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Effect of the host genotype at a Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome (PRRS) resistance marker on evolution of the modified-live PRRS vaccine virus in pigs. (usda.gov)
  • Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is a highly contagious disease and the most economically important disease of the swine industry worldwide. (ijbs.com)
  • Highly pathogenic-PRRS virus (HP-PRRSV) is a variant of PRRSV, which caused high morbidity and mortality. (ijbs.com)
  • Vaccination stabilizes the herd's PRRS immunity and reduces the potential of virus circulation. (feedstuffs.com)
  • Clinical trial results also showed that vaccination significantly reduced viremia and the clinical signs of PRRS and provided four months' duration of immunity. (feedstuffs.com)
  • Abstract Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is recognized as one of the most infectious viral diseases of swine. (chinaagrisci.com)
  • Although Cluster of differentiation 163 (CD163) is identified as an essential receptor for mediating PRRS virus (PRRSV) infection, the important residues involved in infection on CD163 are still unclear. (chinaagrisci.com)
  • PRRS is an acronym (porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome) for a viral disease characterized by two overlapping clinical presentations, reproductive impairment or failure in breeding animals, and respiratory disease in pigs of any age. (iastate.edu)
  • It was referred to as swine mystery disease (SMD) or swine infertility and respiratory syndrome (SIRS) before porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) became the generally agreed-upon name. (iastate.edu)
  • During the past 20 years, there has been much research on the PRRS virus. (iastate.edu)
  • The PRRS virus is an enveloped RNA virus in the genus Arterivirus, classified in the virus family, Arteriviridae. (iastate.edu)
  • There is considerable heterogeneity in the genome of the PRRS virus because of inherent errors common in transcription of RNA. (iastate.edu)
  • The PRRS virus is only moderately resistant to environmental degradation. (iastate.edu)
  • Strains of PRRS virus vary markedly in virulence. (iastate.edu)
  • Although live-attenuated vaccines have been used for some time to control clinical symptoms of the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS), the molecular bases for the attenuated phenotype remain unclear. (mcmaster.ca)
  • The aim of this study was to acquire a better understanding of PRRS disease by comparing gene expression changes that occur in tracheobronchial lymph nodes (TBLN) of pigs infected with either PRRSV, porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2), or swine influenza A virus (IAV). (usda.gov)
  • Porcine Respiratory and Reproductive Syndrome (PRRS) - also called swine infertility and respiratory syndrome (SIRS), porcine epidemic abortion and respiratory syndrome (PEARS), mystery swine disease (MSD) or blue ear disease - is among the world's most important diseases in pig production. (laboklin.com)
  • Raymond "Bob" Rowland, professor of diagnostic medicine and pathobiology at Kansas State University, is involved in a collaborative project that has developed pigs that are resistant to the devastating disease caused by the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome, or PRRS, virus. (k-state.edu)
  • The disease - caused by the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome, or PRRS, virus - has cost the U.S. pork industry more than $10 billion since it first appeared in the late 1980s. (k-state.edu)
  • In the decades that we have had the PRRS virus, we have looked at vaccines, diagnostics and other strategies and we have never been able to eliminate the disease," Rowland said. (k-state.edu)
  • Rowland has been studying the PRRS virus for more than 20 years and is one of the world's leading experts on the virus. (k-state.edu)
  • Prather's laboratory developed the pigs and Rowland's laboratory tested for the PRRS virus infection at Kansas State University's Large Animal Research Center. (k-state.edu)
  • The resistant pigs lack the CD 163 protein and showed no signs or evidence of being infected with the PRRS virus. (k-state.edu)
  • The demonstration of genetic resistance to the PRRS virus by gene editing is a potential game-changer for the pork industry," said Jonathan Lightner, chief scientific officer and head of R&D of Genus. (k-state.edu)
  • The PRRS virus mutation rate is assumed to be the highest so far for a virus, being up to 40 times higher than the mutation rates of well-known viruses, such as Avian influenza virus or Human immunodeficiency virus . (prrscontrol.com)
  • Similarly to other RNA viruses, PRRS virus has an RNA polymerase that does not have the ability to correct the inherent common errors that occur during the transcription of RNA. (prrscontrol.com)
  • In infected pigs, PRRS virus exists as a cloud, swarm or distribution of diverse variant viruses related by a similar mutations that collectively contribute to the characteristics of the population and that are subjected to variation, competition and selection. (prrscontrol.com)
  • Immunomodulation and quasispecies evolution have been speculated to play a crucial role in PRRS virus infection and its chronic/persistent course. (prrscontrol.com)
  • In some cases, differences among PRRS virus strains are so great that it is virtually impossible to accept that these differences come from mutation solely. (prrscontrol.com)
  • Similarly, mutations on their own cannot explain the presence of deletions and insertions in numerous locations along the PRRS virus genome. (prrscontrol.com)
  • Indeed, when full-length genome sequences have been examined, recombination events have been frequently detected across the genome in both species, pointing this phenomenon as very important to explain PRRS virus genetic diversity. (prrscontrol.com)
  • Therefore, as PRRS virus variants are constantly created, generating new forms of antigens, that will be challenged by the host immune responses and could cause selection pressure. (prrscontrol.com)
  • Dea S, Gagnon CA, Mardassi H, Pirzadeh B, Rogan D. Current knowledge on the structural proteins of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) virus: comparison of the North American and European isolates. (prrscontrol.com)
  • The issue is the known recombination between strains of PRRS virus, that has been associated with clinical signs of disease in PRRS-naïve herds in Denmark in recent months. (hpra.ie)
  • Recombination between strains of PRRS virus, including live type 1 PRRSV vaccine strains, is a known phenomenon that has been reported previously in the scientific literature. (hpra.ie)
  • It has recently been reported in Denmark, where it has been associated with clinical signs of disease in PRRS-naïve herds in recent months. (hpra.ie)
  • Increased monitoring of any suspected adverse event relating to clinical signs of PRRS, including the occurrence of relevant clinical signs of the disease in vaccinated herds, is recommended. (hpra.ie)
  • Veterinary practitioners should monitor for clinical signs of PRRS in vaccinated pig farms. (hpra.ie)
  • The role of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) virus structural and non-structural proteins in virus pathogenesis. (nih.gov)
  • Inactivated vaccine, Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS), in injectable emulsion. (yenheragro.com)
  • Live vaccine, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS), in injectable freeze-dried tablet. (yenheragro.com)
Piglets5
  • The vaccine helps mitigate the clinical signs, such as reproductive abnormalities in the breeding herd and high mortality rates in piglets, which take a substantial toll on the health of the herd and an operation's productivity,' Lehe said. (feedstuffs.com)
  • breeding age pigs are affected more commonly with the reproductive syndrome, whilst piglets and young pigs are affected by the respiratory syndrome. (pirbright.ac.uk)
  • Pregnant sows may pass the virus on and deliver persistently infected piglets. (pirbright.ac.uk)
  • Lymph samples were obtained from piglets with emaciation and respiratory disease in Guangxi province, China. (biomedcentral.com)
  • There is a high mortality rate in affected piglets, most often within 48 to 72 hours, after onset of clinical signs. (msd-animal-health.ie)
PCV215
  • Two common viral pathogens of swine, namely, porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), were investigated in regard to their effects on monolayer cultures of swine alveolar macrophages (AMs). (scienceopen.com)
  • In addition, the reduction in CPE was abolished when the supernatants of PCV2-infected AMs were pre-treated with a mouse anti-recombinant porcine IFN-α antibody. (scienceopen.com)
  • Three-week-old cesarean-derived colostrum-deprived (CD/CD) pigs were inoculated with porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2, n = 19), porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV, n = 13), concurrent PCV2 and PRRSV (PCV2/PRRSV, n = 17), or a sham inoculum (n = 12) to compare the independent and combined effects of these agents. (scienceopen.com)
  • Microscopic lesions consistent with postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) were present in both PCV2- and PCV2/PRRSV-inoculated pigs and included lymphoid depletion, necrotizing hepatitis, mild necrotizing bronchiolitis, and infiltrates of macrophages that occasionally contained basophilic intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies in lymphoid and other tissues. (scienceopen.com)
  • The results showed that CGIA did not cross-react with positive sera of viruses, such as classical swine fever virus (CSFV), porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2), pseudorabies virus (PRV), porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) and swine influenza virus (SIV), showing high specificity. (elis.sk)
  • Porcine circovirus strain 2 (PCV2) was initially identified as the causative agent of post weaning multi-systemic wasting syndrome in weanling pigs, which is characterized by severe weight loss and lymphadenopathy. (caister.com)
  • Subsequently, a wide range of clinical syndromes such as reproductive failure, respiratory signs and diarrhea were associated with PCV2 infections and are now recognized as a part of porcine circovirus associated diseases or PCVAD. (caister.com)
  • Post-mortem diagnosis of PCVAD requires a combination of the presence of clinical signs and demonstration of PCV2 antigen in tissues or lymph nodes. (caister.com)
  • Commercial vaccines against PCV2 are effective in preventing clinical signs. (caister.com)
  • Porcine circovirus type 2- (PCV2-) associated reproductive disorders and enteritis have commonly been observed on PCV2-contaminated pig farms in recent years. (akjournals.com)
  • Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2), a member of the genus Circovirus and family Circoviridae , is a closed, small, circular, and single-stranded DNA virus, and it is a crucial swine pathogen of porcine circovirus-associated diseases (PCVADs). (biomedcentral.com)
  • The transformation of PCV2 genotypes changed the virulence of the virus. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Previous studies determined that the shift from genotype PCV-2a to PCV-2b occurred in 2003 on a more global scale, the clinical symptoms associated with PCV2 infection are more typical [ 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • PCV2, the causal agent, is found in pig herds worldwide and is known as a tough virus. (msd-animal-health.ie)
  • As PCV2 is a virus, treatment with antibiotics is not considered an aid in the prevention or control of PCVD. (msd-animal-health.ie)
Sows3
  • PRRSV causes reproductive failure in sows and respiratory distress in pigs of all ages, resulting in significant economic losses for the swine industry worldwide (1, 2). (researchsquare.com)
  • Reproductive impairment or failure, more obvious in sows or gilts, also affects some boars. (iastate.edu)
  • a herd size of minimum 800 sows to ensure enough gilts for sampling in each unit, freedom from porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) or PRRSV-stability (no clinical signs), presence of minimum one quarantine unit and purchase of gilts from an outside source. (biomedcentral.com)
Strains7
  • Results of several respiratory and reproductive challenge trials using both heterologous (of a different structure from the vaccine virus) and homologous (the same structure as virus used to make the vaccine) PRRSv strains demonstrated the safety and efficacy of Prime Pac PRRS+. (feedstuffs.com)
  • Two distinct strains of virus, one in Europe and one in the United States, were characterized as genetically different but are clinically similar in most respects. (iastate.edu)
  • When recombination occurs we cannot predict whether the resulting virus will be or not different in terms of virulence, rate of replication, capacity to replicate in particular tissues, immunogenicity… to the parental strains. (prrscontrol.com)
  • Darwich L, Gimeno M Sibila M, Diaz I, de la Torre E, Dotti S, Kuzemtseva L, Martin M, Pujols J, Mateu E. Genetic and immunobiological diversities of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome genotype I strains. (prrscontrol.com)
  • SDRS also reports viral sequencing, so users can compare the virus strains they're dealing with in their herd compared to what is circulating in the broader industry, Yeske said, noting that more recently, PRRSv strains 1-4-4, 1-7-4 and 1-8-4 have been the top three viruses circulating, along with the vaccine virus. (swineweb.com)
  • Finally, animals firstly infected with SwH1N1 virus and latter infected with pH1N1 exhibited undetectable viral RNA load in nasal swabs and lungs after challenge with pH1N1, indicating a cross-protective effect between both strains. (vetres.org)
  • Influenza viruses circulating in swine are closely related to the human H1N1 and H3N2 strains and reports of sporadic cross-species transfer of swine and avian influenza viruses to humans have been documented repeatedly during recent decades [ 18 ]. (vetres.org)
Infection22
  • However, in late state gestation transplacental infection to and from fetuses can occur and large scale reproductive failure may occur. (wikipedia.org)
  • Even countries presently free of PRRSV are at high risk for infection and spread of this virus. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In vitro infection experiments showed that the CD163 mutant strongly inhibited HP-PRRSV replication by inhibiting virus uncoating and genome release. (ijbs.com)
  • PRRSV infection results in severe reproductive failure in gilts and respiratory disease in pigs of all ages and further complicates polymicrobial disease syndromes such as porcine circovirus-associated disease ( 3 ). (ijbs.com)
  • However, field observation suggests that most infected pigs eventually become immune, then cease to shed virus by 60 days post-infection. (iastate.edu)
  • In some cases, infection is manifested as an epidemic of respiratory disease or reproductive failure but in other outbreaks, infection may spread slowly. (iastate.edu)
  • Laryngopharynx epithelium neoplasia induced by HPV6/11 infection in juvenile-onset recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (JO-RRP) causes a great health issue characteristic of frequent relapse and aggressive disease progression. (bvsalud.org)
  • The results showed that PRRSV, IAV, and PCV-2 infections followed a clinical course typical of experimental infection of young pigs with these viruses. (usda.gov)
  • By testing and observing the host response to other respiratory viruses, our study has elucidated similarities and differences that can assist in development of vaccine and therapeutics that shorten or prevent a chronic PRRSV infection. (usda.gov)
  • The virus can spread very quickly by droplet infection and through the air. (laboklin.com)
  • This article reviews the discovery the clinical signs and symptoms of the disease, pathological changes, laboratory, measures of prevention and treatment for streptococcal infection of pigs in recent years. (snaubulletin.com.ua)
  • Epidemiology of Streptococcus suis serotype 5 infection in a pig herd with and without clinical disease. (snaubulletin.com.ua)
  • To understand the genetic diversity of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) in South China, we collected 231 clinical samples from pigs with suspected PRRSV infection in Guangdong between 2007 and 2009. (akjournals.com)
  • Is heparan sulfate a target for inhibition of RNA virus infection? (uu.se)
  • Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus: description of persistence in individual pigs upon experimental infection. (prrscontrol.com)
  • Comparison of Asian porcine high fever disease isolates of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus to United States isolates for their ability to cause disease and secondary bacterial infection in swine. (prrscontrol.com)
  • natural infection of Ebola virus in NHPs. (who.int)
  • Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome can result in early farrowing, birth of weak infected pigs or mummification and death of the fetus but within a litter some fetuses will escape infection entirely or become infected much later than siblings and occasionally entire litters escape infection. (swinehealth.net)
  • Researchers with the Western College of Veterinary Medicine have been looking at how the virus affects fetuses to better understand why some escape infection. (swinehealth.net)
  • PCVD has been associated with Porcine Dermonephrotic Syndrome (PDNS) and reproductive failure and infection is presented clinically by mortality, ill- thrift (wasting), paleness, dyspnoea (difficulty breathing), intermittent diarrhoea and visibly enlarged lymph nodes. (msd-animal-health.ie)
  • Virus isolation is a definitive diagnosis for DEV infection, however, this assay is usually unfeasible owing to less sensitive and time-consuming. (biomedcentral.com)
  • However, pigs inoculated with SwH1N1 virus and subsequently infected with pH1N1 had very mild lung lesions, apparently attributed to the remaining lesions caused by SwH1N1 infection. (vetres.org)
Highly pathogenic2
Swine industry3
Epidemic1
  • Porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED) virus, mycoplasma and influenza are also tracked by SDRS. (swineweb.com)
Mortality5
  • Clinical outbreaks characterized by severe reproductive losses, respiratory disease, reduced growth, and increased mortality appeared in the United States in 1987 and then Europe in 1990. (porkgateway.org)
  • High viraemia leads to clinical PCVD and potentially high mortality rates of up to 70 to 80% in affected animals, while low viraemia leads to less obvious subclinical disease, reduced average daily gain (ADG) and increased susceptibility to other pathogens. (msd-animal-health.ie)
  • Definition This organism causes severe pleuropneumonia which is a highly contagious disease of swine often characterized by sudden onset, short clinical course, high morbidity, and high mortality. (edu.vn)
  • The mortality of swine influenza virus (SIV) infected pigs is usually low, although morbidity may approach 100% [ 14 ]. (vetres.org)
  • While the majority of individuals suffer from mild respiratory disease, some patients develop life-threatening inflammatory multiorgan disease that is associated with high morbidity and mortality rates. (nature.com)
Alveolar macrophages1
  • PRRSV challenge experiments in porcine alveolar macrophages (PAMs) isolated from the CD163-R561A pigs showed significantly lower susceptibility to PRRSV than that of CD163-R561 PAMs. (chinaagrisci.com)
Mycoplasma3
  • The virus often appears to interact with other pathogenic viruses, bacteria and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae to magnify severity of diseases. (iastate.edu)
  • Thirty-two weanling pigs from a free PRRSV, SIV, porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV-2) and Mycoplasma spp. (chula.ac.th)
  • Studies show that co-infections with Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), swine influenza virus (SIV), porcine parvovirus (PPV), Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, Haemophilus parasuis and Streptococcus suis are commonly involved in PCVD. (msd-animal-health.ie)
Avian4
  • Examples of zoonotic viral diseases include rabies, avian influenza, and the Nipah virus. (scitechnol.com)
  • Usutu virus (USUV), a neglected Old World flavivirus, causes annually reoccurring epizootics in the avian fauna and sporadic human infections. (frontiersin.org)
  • The recent pandemic caused by human influenza virus A(H1N1) 2009 contains ancestral gene segments from North American and Eurasian swine lineages as well as from avian and human influenza lineages. (vetres.org)
  • In April 2009, a new A(H1N1) influenza virus was identified containing a distinct combination of gene segments from both North American and Eurasian swine influenza lineages as well as from avian and human lineages [ 8 , 21 ], which rapidly reached pandemic proportions. (vetres.org)
Disease17
  • Experimental reproduction of severe disease in CD/CD pigs concurrently infected with type 2 porcine circovirus and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. (scienceopen.com)
  • MERCK Animal Health announced Sept. 9 the introduction of PRIME PAC PRRS+, a new vaccine for reducing clinical signs of reproductive disease in female breeding-age swine and respiratory disease in pigs three to four weeks of age and older due to porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSv). (feedstuffs.com)
  • African swine fever (ASF) is an acute and severe infectious disease that seriously endangers the global porcine industry. (elis.sk)
  • In the US, the clinical disease was first described in 1987-88 in North Carolina, Iowa and Minnesota. (iastate.edu)
  • The disease was first described as a syndrome and confused initially with several other diseases. (iastate.edu)
  • Although much now is known about the virus, details on control of the disease for all types of swine-raising operations are far from complete. (iastate.edu)
  • Streptococcus suis disease is complex and little is known about viral factors and their impact on clinical outcome. (uoguelph.ca)
  • We identified the importance and functional relationship of viral families such as Podoviridae, Smacoviridae, Astroviridae as well as species richness for improving the predictability of S. suis clinical disease. (uoguelph.ca)
  • PROCEDURES Economic losses attributable to RFM were direct (reduction in milk yield and longer interval until pregnancy) and indirect (increased risk of developing clinical disease and increased culling risk). (avma.org)
  • Cost of the increased risk of developing clinical disease because of RFM was a product of the cost of each clinical disease and the risk of each clinical disease attributable to RFM. (avma.org)
  • After the introduction of the pandemic H1N1 swine influenza virus (pdmH1N1 SIV) in Thai swine farms in 2009, a mild clinical outcome was observed and its role in porcine respiratory disease complex (PRDC) is questionable. (chula.ac.th)
  • From common cold to more serious diseases such as influenza, Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), and Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19), viruses continue to pose a threat to global health. (scitechnol.com)
  • Inactivated vaccine, egg drop syndrome-76, Newcastle disease and infectious bronchitis, in injectable emulsion. (yenheragro.com)
  • PCVD (Porcine Circovirus Disease) is the name that now describes what was previously known as PMWS (Post-weaning multisystemic wasting disease). (msd-animal-health.ie)
  • MG is characterized by respiratory symptoms and a prolonged course of the disease. (edu.vn)
  • Definition A widespread, chronic respiratory disease of swine characterized by coughing, growth retardation and reduced feed efficiency. (edu.vn)
  • Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), which was identified in late 2019 as the etiological agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused an unprecedented pandemic and global health crisis [ 1 ]. (nature.com)
Single-stranded5
  • Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is an enveloped, single-stranded positive-sense RNA virus belonging to the family Arteriviridae of the order Nidovirales . (researchsquare.com)
  • PRRSV is a positive, single-stranded RNA virus belonging to family Arteriviridae, order Nidovirales ( 4 ). (ijbs.com)
  • Porcine circoviruses are small, single stranded DNA viruses belonging to the Circoviridae family. (caister.com)
  • Ivermectin plays a role in several biological mechanisms, therefore it could serve as a potential candidate in the treatment of a wide range of viruses including COVID-19 as well as other types of positive-sense single-stranded RNA viruses. (jdfor2020.com)
  • Influenza viruses belong to the Orthomyxoviridae family and are characterized by a segmented viral genome consisting of eight single stranded RNA fragments of negative polarity encoding 10 proteins [ 27 ]. (vetres.org)
Diseases8
  • These results have potential clinical implications for atopic diseases and beyond. (bvsalud.org)
  • In addition, diseases of the respiratory tract may occur. (laboklin.com)
  • CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Cost of a case of RFM, including uncomplicated cases, was substantial and comparable to that for other common clinical diseases during the transition period. (avma.org)
  • Examples of vector-borne viral diseases include dengue fever, Zika virus, and West Nile virus. (scitechnol.com)
  • Examples of emerging viral diseases include Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS), Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS), and the Zika virus. (scitechnol.com)
  • The impact of viral diseases on health can vary depending on the type of virus and the individual's overall health status. (scitechnol.com)
  • Vaccines are also an important tool in preventing viral diseases, as they work by stimulating the immune system to produce antibodies that can protect against the virus [ 6 ]. (scitechnol.com)
  • 2021). Clinical Infectious Diseases, vol. 73, ss. (uu.se)
Influenza6
  • In the first study, a subset of 25 cases and 27 controls were screened for the presence of influenza A virus (IAV), porcine circovirus 2 (PCV-2), porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus (PRRSV), porcine parvovirus (PPV), hemagglutinin encephalomyelitis virus (PHEV) and swine cytomegalovirus (SCMV) in their tonsils using polymerase chain reaction. (uoguelph.ca)
  • Along with an expanding global swine production, the commercial housing and management of swine herds, provide an optimal environment for constant circulation of swine influenza virus (swIAV), thereby challenging farmers and veterinarian in determining optimal control measures. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The emergence of this A(H1N1) 2009 poses a potential global threat for human health and the fact that it can infect other species, like pigs, favours a possible encounter with other influenza viruses circulating in swine herds. (vetres.org)
  • In Europe, H1N1, H1N2 and H3N2 subtypes of swine influenza virus currently have a high prevalence in commercial farms. (vetres.org)
  • This review summarises CA antiviral action on the following viruses: influenza A virus (H1N1/H3N2/H7N9), hepatitis C virus (HCV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), herpes simplex virus (HSV)-1, enterovirus 71 (Ent 71), adenoviruses (AdenV), and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). (archivepp.com)
  • The company is currently focused on African Swine Fever, Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome, and Influenza A virus in swine. (biostl.org)
Parvovirus1
  • Canine parvovirus (CPV or commonly referred to as "parvo") is one of the most serious viruses that dogs can get. (edu.vn)
Macrophages2
  • We found lots of evidence of infected macrophages replicating virus adjacent to the maternal-fetal border, as well as what looked to be 'free virus' that was probably released from these macrophages upon their destruction. (swinehealth.net)
  • These macrophages are the virus factories that the virus uses to propagate while these immune cells conduct their normal surveillance activities in the maternal fetal interface. (swinehealth.net)
Pathogenesis1
  • Porcine Viruses: From Pathogenesis to Strategies for Control (Edited by: Hovakim Zakaryan). (caister.com)
Young grow1
  • The respiratory syndrome is seen more often in young growing pigs but also occurs in naïve finishing pigs and breeding stock. (iastate.edu)
Symptoms3
  • While some viruses cause mild symptoms, such as the common cold, others can lead to severe illness and even death [ 2 ]. (scitechnol.com)
  • For example, a healthy individual may only experience mild symptoms from a virus, while someone with a weakened immune system may experience more severe symptoms and complications [ 3 ]. (scitechnol.com)
  • In consideration of biological characters and clinical symptoms, we suggested Duck Encephalitis virus (DEV) was named for this newly virus. (biomedcentral.com)
Infections2
  • However, the intracellular changes that occur in pigs following viral respiratory infections are still scantily understood for PRRSV, as well as, other viral respiratory infections. (usda.gov)
  • These are viral infections that can lead to severe illness and even death, such as Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)/Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS), hepatitis, Ebola, and COVID-19. (scitechnol.com)
Genetic2
  • Frequent genetic variations in this virus cause difficulties in controlling and accurately diagnosing PRRSV. (researchsquare.com)
  • The presence of RESTV in pigs poses a possibility of genetic evolution of the virus. (who.int)
Pigs infected1
  • The purpose was to identify selected cellular changes and responses potentially associated with the clinical reactions of pigs infected with either or both of these viruses. (scienceopen.com)
Fever2
  • In order to develop ASF serodiagnostic reagents with high specificity and sensitivity, in the present study, the antigenic epitopes of P72 protein of African swine fever virus (ASFV) were analyzed, and the ASFV multi-epitope fusion gene MeP72 in tandem with the dominant linear epitopes was constructed. (elis.sk)
  • Potomac horse fever (PHF) is an acute enterocolitis syndrome producing mild colic, fever, and diarrhea in horses of all ages, as well as abortion in pregnant mares. (edu.vn)
Pseudorabies1
  • Furthermore, there are some studies showing antiviral effects of ivermectin against DNA viruses such as Equine herpes type 1, BK polyomavirus, pseudorabies, porcine circovirus 2, and bovine herpesvirus 1. (jdfor2020.com)
Outbreaks1
  • There have been five documented outbreaks of Ebola Reston virus (RESTV) in animals epidemiologically linked to the Philippines. (who.int)
Live attenuated1
  • ZMapp), anti-sense phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligomers (PMO AVI-6002), lipid nanoparticle small interfering RNA (LNP-siRNA: TKM-Ebola), and an EBOV glycoprotein-based vaccine using live-attenuated recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus (rVSV-EBOGP) or a chimpanzee adenovirus (rChAd-EBOGP)-based vector. (biomedcentral.com)
Infectious3
Tract2
  • Compartmentalized Replication of SARS-Cov-2 in Upper vs. Lower Respiratory Tract Assessed by Whole Genome Quasispecies Analysis. (cdc.gov)
  • Coinfections and their molecular consequences in the porcine respiratory tract. (nih.gov)
Type2
Vaccine strain1
  • Phylogenetic and molecular evolutionary analyses indicated that Em2007 is a natural recombinant between a vaccine strain of PRRSV and circulating virus. (cdc.gov)
Pathogenic viruses1
  • Although three filoviruses have been identified in result in the emergence of more pathogenic viruses in animals in Asia, 3,4 RESTV is the only filovirus isolated humans and/or livestock. (who.int)
Failure1
Antibody1
  • Evaluation of Antibody Response Directed against Porcine Reproductive " by Hung Q. Luong, Huong T.L. Lai et al. (unl.edu)
Bovine1
  • Decrease of the adhesion of Streptococcus suis serotype 2 mutants to embryonic bovine tracheal cells and porcine tracheal rings. (snaubulletin.com.ua)
Immune2
  • Gene expression results echoed this course, as well as uncovered genes related to shared and unique host immune responses to the 3 viruses. (usda.gov)
  • The virus, we know, replicates in maternal immune cells and they exist in the uterine endometrium or lining. (swinehealth.net)
Herd2
  • Shedding carriers probably are the most common means of virus introduction to a herd or population of pigs. (iastate.edu)
  • Cost attributable to reduced reproductive performance was a function of a longer interval until pregnancy, whereas cost for increased culling attributable to RFM was associated with the market value of cull cows and replacement heifers as well as herd turnover rate. (avma.org)
Variant1
Recombination1
Ebola1
  • Ebola Reston virus (RESTV) is one of the six virus has been hypothesized that ongoing, undetected RESTV species of the Ebola virus in the family Filoviridae. (who.int)
Genome1