AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesTechnology, Industry, AgricultureInformation ScienceHealth CareGeographicals
MastitisMastitis, BovineMilkDairyingCattleLactationMammary Glands, AnimalPasteurellaceae InfectionsSheep DiseasesEstoniaHousing, AnimalCattle DiseasesStaphylococcal InfectionsStaphylococcus aureusStreptococcusCorynebacteriumStreptococcal InfectionsStaphylococcusParityProtothecaPostpartum PeriodEscherichia coli InfectionsAnti-Bacterial AgentsSheepBacterial InfectionsEnterobacteriaceae InfectionsIncidenceBacteriaCephalosporinsLactation DisordersGoat DiseasesBuffaloesMycoplasma InfectionsCell CountCorynebacterium pyogenesMilk, HumanMycoplasma bovisSerum Albumin, BovineHerpesvirus 1, BovineMannheimia
SubclinicalIsolatesStaphylococcusControl of mastitisInflammation of the mammaryBacterialAcuteNational Mastitis CouncilPrevalencePathogenesisPathogensCalifornia Mastitis TestStreptococcusColiform mastitisAntibioticsUdderInfectionCaused by gram-positiveTypes of mastitisStrains2020Causes mastitisAntibioticIntramammaryMultidrug-resistantMilk samplesDetectionBacteriaPreventionDiseaseProtothecaPathogenContagiousSomaticAntimicrobialsSymptomsClotsComparativeCasesInfectionsMycoplasmaHumansTreatmentDiagnosisTherapeuticAureusImmunoglobulinsMaterials and MetTreatmentsDiseasesVeterinaryMicrobiologicalHerd
Subclinical18
  • These findings, together with bioinformatics tools available, could be extremely useful to design a better strategy for subclinical bovine paratuberculosis diagnosis. (degruyter.com)
  • Proteomics of inflammatory and oxidative stress response in cows with subclinical and clinical mastitis. (degruyter.com)
  • a high number of somatic cells is associated with a reduction in milk production (over 200,000 cells/ml indicates subclinical mastitis). (animalwised.com)
  • Treatment depends on the cause of the microorganism and whether it is subclinical or clinical. (animalwised.com)
  • Condensed tannins were quantified in the barks of selected tree species, and the antibacterial activity of these substances against clinical and subclinical isolates of bovine mastitis were evaluated. (ncsu.edu)
  • Forty five Staphylococcus aureus obtained from the milk of dairy cattle with clinical and subclinical mastitis in and around Puducherry, India and S. aureus strain Reynolds (Capsular polysaccharide type 5) and S. aureus strain Wrights (Capsular polysaccharide type 8) were used as standard reference for identification of Capsular polysaccharide types of S. aureus by PCR Identification of S. aureus isolates [10]. (lupinepublishers.com)
  • Andrew Biggs (UK), among others, commented on the economic impact - direct and indirect costs - that bovine mastitis, whether clinical or subclinical, has on a holding. (mastitisvaccination.com)
  • One of the most frequent causes of subclinical mastitis in dairy cows and one of the most frequent indications for antibiotic therapy is Streptococcus spp. (acarindex.com)
  • isolates in subclinical mastitis bovine milk. (acarindex.com)
  • The presence of subclinical mastitis was investigated in 77 dairy animals. (acarindex.com)
  • still plays a significant role in the etiology of subclinical mastitis. (acarindex.com)
  • Elhaig M.M., Selim A. Molecular and bacteriological investigation of subclinical mastitis caused by Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus agalactiae in domestic bovids from Ismailia, Egypt. (acarindex.com)
  • Kumari T., Bhakat C., Choudhary R.K. A review on subclinical mastitis in dairy cattle. (acarindex.com)
  • Approximately 50 P. zopfii isolates obtained from cows with clinical or subclinical mastitis will be used. (fapesp.br)
  • We isolated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) from cows with subclinical mastitis and from a person who worked with these animals. (cdc.gov)
  • From January 2002 through December 2004, 595 milk samples were collected from cows with subclinical mastitis on a farm in Hungary and sent for bacteriologic analysis to the Bacteriological Department of the Hungarian Central Veterinary Institute. (cdc.gov)
  • Antibiotic treatment of Gram-positive infections, including staphylococcal and streptococcal species, however, is widely reported as beneficial for increasing the probability of cure and preventing the risk of chronic subclinical mastitis and decreased production for the remainder of the lactation (Van Eenennaam et al. (extension.org)
  • The disease affects virtually all mammals and has a broad range of clinical effects, from mild, subclinical infection to multiple-organ failure and death. (immunoshop.com)
Isolates8
  • The aim of this study was to determine if a MacConkey agar medium supplemented with 8 mg/L of ceftiofur (MC-CEF) could be a useful tool to identify cephalosporin-resistant and multidrug-resistant (MDR) E. coli among bovine mastitis isolates. (unimi.it)
  • Non-duplicate isolates (n = 1244) were obtained from cows with acute clinical mastitis in eight countries during 2015-2016 for centrally antimicrobial susceptibility testing according CLSI standards. (hal.science)
  • Studies on the prevalence of encapsulated strains in bovines shows the considerable variability that exist in the prevalence of serotype 5 and 8 capsules among bovine mammary isolates of S. aureus from different countries (Tollerstud et al. (lupinepublishers.com)
  • 2000). Moreover, the presence of S. aureus in raw milk is a public health problem, because it was reported that 95% of S. aureus isolates from bovine mastitis were either CP5 or CP8 in Norway [7]. (lupinepublishers.com)
  • Studies on capsular serotyping of isolates are important for the rational design of mastitis vaccines, containing staphylococcal capsular antigens. (lupinepublishers.com)
  • All 28 MRSA strains (27 bovine and 1 human) produced PBP2a, according to latex agglutination test (Oxoid Ltd.). Eight of 27 randomly chosen bovine strains and the human strain containing the mec A gene, as well as 4 bovine and 2 human mec A-negative isolates, were phage typed with MRSA phages ( 6 ) at the Institute of National Public Health and Medical Officers Service in Hajdú-Bihar County. (cdc.gov)
  • We describe the clinical presentation of three cases and compared the S. zooepidemicus isolates from the human cases with S. zooepidemicus isolates from horses to obtain insight into the epidemiology of S. zooepidemicus . (cdc.gov)
  • The purpose of this study was to characterize the clinical presentation of the disease caused by S. zooepidemicus , microbiologically characterize the isolated strains, and identify clonality of human isolates for comparison to equine isolates from contact horse stables or other horse farms of the surrounding area. (cdc.gov)
Staphylococcus8
Control of mastitis2
  • Prevention and control of mastitis requires consistency in sanitizing the cow barn facilities, proper milking procedure and segregation of infected animals. (wikipedia.org)
  • This data would help in formulating vaccine based strategies for control of mastitis. (lupinepublishers.com)
Inflammation of the mammary2
Bacterial8
  • The objetive of the present study is to determine antibiotics' resistance developed by bacterial agents that produce bovine mastitis in intensive of four farming in Lurin. (edu.pe)
  • Villanueva, GT & Morales, SC 2017, ' Antibiotic resistance of bacterial pathogens isolated from clinical mastitis in intensive bovine breeding) ', Revista Electronica de Veterinaria . (edu.pe)
  • Bacteriological cure was assessed based on the bacterial species identified in the milk sample from the clinical mastitis case, and two follow-up samples collected approximately two and three weeks after treatment was ended. (milksa.co.za)
  • Have you ever received a "no growth" result in a bacterial culture when trying to diagnose mastitis? (thebeefsite.com)
  • If you want to read similar articles to Bovine Mastitis - Symptoms and Treatment , we recommend you visit our Bacterial diseases category. (animalwised.com)
  • Special bacterial types of mastitis require specific treatments. (vetanimalhealthcare.com)
  • Mastitis is the most common and costly infectious disease of dairy cattle worldwide and is most frequently bacterial in origin (Erskine et al. (extension.org)
  • A recent Canadian study reported that 44% of milk samples submitted from more than 3,000 cases of clinical mastitis yielded no bacterial growth (Olde Riekerink et al. (extension.org)
Acute2
  • per acute mastitis acute mastitis sub acute mastitis chronic mastitis : This form includes no pain in the udder but little compositional changes in the milk. (wikipedia.org)
  • BANAMINE (flunixin meglumine injection) is indicated for the control of pyrexia associated with bovine respiratory disease, endotoxemia and acute bovine mastitis. (drugs.com)
National Mastitis Council3
  • For the best possible results from the laboratory, take samples directly from the cow using the aseptic technique as outlined by the National Mastitis Council (click here for reference). (upei.ca)
  • National Mastitis Council (1999) Laboratory Handbook on Bovine Mastitis. (acarindex.com)
  • National Mastitis Council, Madison, WI. (acarindex.com)
Prevalence3
  • The available information on the prevalence of virulence determinants and their functional relevance during the pathogenesis of bovine mastitis are also discussed. (ed.ac.uk)
  • No data regarding the prevalence of capsular serotypes of S. aureus causing bovine mastitis is available in India. (lupinepublishers.com)
  • Sharma A., Chhabra R., Sindhu N. Prevalence of sub clinical mastitis in cows: Its etiology and antibiogram. (acarindex.com)
Pathogenesis5
  • This review summarizes the past 16 years of research on bovine S. aureus population genetics, and molecular pathogenesis that have been conducted worldwide. (ed.ac.uk)
  • We suggest that greater investment in research into the genetic and molecular basis of bovine S. aureus pathogenesis is essential for the identification of novel therapeutic and vaccine targets. (ed.ac.uk)
  • S. aureus produces a variety of extracellular and cell wall associated components which are involved in the pathogenesis of bovine, ovine and caprine mastitis [1]. (lupinepublishers.com)
  • If improved vaccines against bovine mastitis are to be generated, more studies are required to elucidate the role of these polysaccharides in the pathogenesis of bovine mastitis [7]. (lupinepublishers.com)
  • Sexual contact among gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (MSM) was rapidly identified as the primary risk for infection, resulting in profound changes in our scientific understanding of mpox clinical presentation, pathogenesis, and transmission dynamics. (cdc.gov)
Pathogens7
  • Sub-Clinical mastitis : The form in which the milk and udder of the milch animal appear normal and can be diagnosed by testing of milk samples for various compositional changes and presence of pathogens and somatic cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • This current VetPath study shows that mastitis pathogens were susceptible to most antimicrobials with exceptions of staphylococci against penicillin and streptococci against erythromycin or tetracycline. (hal.science)
  • Some economically damaging mastitis pathogens like Mycoplasma bovis ( M. bovis ) are more difficult to identify than other pathogens. (thebeefsite.com)
  • The real downside to a "no growth" result is that it costs farmers time and money-time because additional testing will be required to get a conclusive result, and money because during the culture growth time, M. bovis and other mastitis-causing pathogens may spread to other cows, causing a negative economic impact to a farmer's bottom line. (thebeefsite.com)
  • In order to prevent bovine mastitis, the experts advised against using a single strategy , because there are many different pathogens and, because they have different mechanisms of action, it is impossible to control them all in the same way. (mastitisvaccination.com)
  • Spontaneous cure of some pathogens is also frequently observed, with a large proportion of clinical milk samples culturing negative on standard bacteriology (Olde Riekerink et al. (extension.org)
  • As for other microbial infections, rational mastitis therapy requires the targeting of treatment toward specific pathogens. (extension.org)
California Mastitis Test1
  • Schalm O. Experiments and observations leading to development of the California Mastitis Test. (acarindex.com)
Streptococcus2
  • The study aims to investigate the efficacy of piroline and antibiotics in the treatment of bovine mastitiscaused by Streptococcus uberis (S. uberis) and Escherichia coli (E. coli) during dry-milk period. (chula.ac.th)
  • Keefe G.P. Streptococcus agalactiae mastitis: a review.The Canadian Veterinary Journal, 38(7), (1997), 429. (acarindex.com)
Coliform mastitis1
  • Mild to moderate cases of coliform mastitis are reported to have high spontaneous cure rates, calling into question the need to use antibiotics (Wilson et al. (extension.org)
Antibiotics4
  • Surveillance reports recorded that the efficacy of most antibiotics is substantially preserved but detection of E. coli from clinical mastitis cases producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamases and plasmid-encoded AmpC beta-lactamases has been reported. (unimi.it)
  • Also, antibiotics administered to cows with mastitis could result in a "no growth" result, and the farmer is left unsure whether the cow had mastitis or the antibiotic cleared the pathogen. (thebeefsite.com)
  • The main therapeutic agents for treating mastitis are antibiotics. (vetanimalhealthcare.com)
  • Both the type of infectious agents found in bovine mastitis and the classes of antibiotics used for therapy overlap between human and veterinary medicine (Health Canada, 2002). (extension.org)
Udder9
  • Bovine mastitis is the persistent, inflammatory reaction of the udder tissue due to physical trauma or microorganisms infections. (wikipedia.org)
  • Mastitis occurs when white blood cells (leukocytes) are released into the mammary gland, usually in response to bacteria invading the teat canal or occasionally by chemical, mechanical, or thermal trauma on the udder. (wikipedia.org)
  • This disease can be identified by abnormalities in the udder such as swelling, heat, redness, hardness, or pain (if it is clinical). (wikipedia.org)
  • When infected with sub-clinical mastitis, a cow does not show any visible signs of infection or abnormalities in milk or on the udder. (wikipedia.org)
  • Clinical symptoms Clinical mastitis : The form in which macroscopic changes in the milk and udder of the milch animal is easily detectable by the milker. (wikipedia.org)
  • Currently, an accepted treatment is through a combination of local intra-udder and systemic treatment with penicillin in terms of the bacteriological cure of mild and moderate clinical mastitis cases caused by gram-positive organisms. (milksa.co.za)
  • In addition to the cells that defend the integrity of the udder, other components appear to combat mastitis. (veterinariadigital.com)
  • In this mastitis, there are no obvious clinical signs or abnormal udder examination. (veterinariadigital.com)
  • In: M. Sandholm (Ed) The Bovine Udder and Mastitis. (acarindex.com)
Infection11
  • Mastitis, a potentially fatal mammary gland infection, is the most common disease in dairy cattle in the United States and worldwide. (wikipedia.org)
  • Knowing and understanding the full pathogen load is critical to solving a farmer's mastitis infection rate in the herd. (thebeefsite.com)
  • However, when the infection becomes more serious, that is, mastitis appears, a large number of other cells, called neutrophils, are generated with up to 1 million cells/milliliter in milk. (veterinariadigital.com)
  • The increasing rate of CA-MRSA infections in many areas, coupled with the organism's unique pattern of virulence, clinical picture, and antimicrobial resistance, has important implications for treatment and infection control measures and acts as a serious challenge for the clinician [ 3 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Mastitis is a multi-factorial disease, since the infection depends on germs, environmental conditions, and the characteristics of the cow. (animalwised.com)
  • For this reason, a good vaccination strategy against bovine mastitis, is necessary because it helps to boost specific immunity and reduce the severity of mastitis as well as reducing the spread of infection. (mastitisvaccination.com)
  • Bovine mammary infection by P. zopfii determines commonly clinical mastitis, which progress to pyogranulomatous processes of difficult tissue resolution. (fapesp.br)
  • Clinical mastitis is caused by a wide range of bacteria with vastly different pathogeneses and natural history of infection. (extension.org)
  • Clinical manifestations of nocardiosis depend on the site of infection. (medscape.com)
  • Simple and sensitive methods for the detection of biomolecules as indicators of P. aeruginosa infection would be of great clinical importance. (ucc.ie)
  • Occasional human infection was reported as a result of the consumption of homemade cheese or unpasteurized milk from cows with mastitis. (cdc.gov)
Caused by gram-positive1
  • Treatment of mild to moderate clinical bovine mastitis caused by gram-positive bacteria: A noninferiority randomized trial of local penicillin treatment alone or combined with systemic treatment. (milksa.co.za)
Types of mastitis1
  • All these experts talk about costs , the different types of mastitis they are dealing with, the different farm situations… And we can see how it was a problem that affects farms from all over the world in a very similar way, from Europe to Amercia or Asia. (mastitisvaccination.com)
Strains5
  • For effective control of bovine mastitis caused by S. aureus in a particular geographical location, a careful characterization of the prevalent strains in the target population is essential [6]. (lupinepublishers.com)
  • In the literature consulted, there are no studies assessing the "in vitro" efficacy of ozone (O3) and guanidine against P. zopfii strains isolated from bovine mastitis. (fapesp.br)
  • The bovine and human strains were indistinguishable by phenotyping and genotyping methods and were of a low frequency spa type. (cdc.gov)
  • Although S. aureus is known to be one of the most common causes of bovine mastitis and other severe animal diseases such as septicemia and wound, bone, and joint infections, MRSA strains have been rarely isolated from animals. (cdc.gov)
  • MRSA strains have been isolated from cows with mastitis, horses and dogs with lesions, and dogs and cats that were carriers ( 1 ). (cdc.gov)
20201
Causes mastitis1
Antibiotic1
  • Mastitis worldwide is arguably the most important disease of dairy cattle and thus far only cured with antibiotic administration. (milksa.co.za)
Intramammary2
  • Thefollowing analysis on milk samples demonstrated that there was no piroline residue in those treated cows' milk.Based on these data, it can be predicted that piroline will have a bright future in treating cow intramammary mastitis. (chula.ac.th)
  • In that study, 38% of antimicrobial doses were intramammary for clinical mastitis, 17% were given parenterally for clinical mastitis, and 28% of antimicrobial doses were for dry cow therapy. (extension.org)
Multidrug-resistant1
  • Identification of Multidrug-Resistant Escherichia coli from Bovine Clinical Mastitis Using a Ceftiofur-Supplemented Medium / C. Locatelli, A. Barberio, S. Bonamico, A. Casula, P. Moroni, V. Bronzo. (unimi.it)
Milk samples2
  • During the period 2010-2011, 773 E. coli were isolated from bovine clinical mastitis milk samples collected in 80 dairy farms in Northern Italy. (unimi.it)
  • It is based on the microbiological diagnosis of milk samples collected from clinical cases of bovine mastitis, on the farm where the animals are handled, quickly, simply, and at an affordable cost. (bvsalud.org)
Detection2
  • Recently, ST130 MRSA isolated from bovine mastitis has been found to carry a novel mecA gene that eludes detection by conventional PCR tests. (frontiersin.org)
  • At TBRC, key projects he was involved in include a market study for bovine mastitis detection kits and research on multivalent pediatric vaccines. (thebusinessresearchcompany.com)
Bacteria3
  • Feeding calves on milk may introduce some mastitis causing bacteria strain in the oral cavity of the calf where it will stay dormant until it is transmitted elsewhere. (wikipedia.org)
  • When observed microscopically, either in Gram-stained smears of clinical specimens or cultures or on histopathology in tissues, Nocardia organisms are delicate, branching, beaded, filamentous, gram-positive bacteria with a characteristic morphology to a trained observer. (medscape.com)
  • In a recent publication, a leading group of mastitis researchers concluded that mastitis caused by Gram-positive agents needs different approaches than mastitis caused by Gram-negative bacteria, and that with new diagnostic tools, routine use of broad-spectrum antimicrobials without diagnosis could be considered an outdated practice (Hogeveen et al. (extension.org)
Prevention4
  • Mastitis worlwide: Are costs and prevention strategies similar from one country to another? (mastitisvaccination.com)
  • focusing on the main aspects relating to bovine mastitis: Costs, prevention and status monitoring. (mastitisvaccination.com)
  • As we commented a few posts back, it is important to monitor the farm's results , whether on the basis of somatic cell counts or clinical cases, in order to ascertain the effectiveness of the prevention plans implemented on the farm. (mastitisvaccination.com)
  • Institution of a herd health program to follow up on mastitis control and prevention. (vetanimalhealthcare.com)
Disease7
  • To fully understand bovine mastitis disease, it is necessary to explain how cow udders work. (veterinariadigital.com)
  • Although herd management programs have helped to reduce the number of clinical cases, S. aureus mastitis remains a major disease burden. (ed.ac.uk)
  • The mammary tissue of dairy cattle is seriously harmed by the severe disease known as mastitis. (acarindex.com)
  • Mastitis is a widespread and economically significant infectious disease that affects dairy cows globally. (acarindex.com)
  • Clinical bovine mastitis is where by the cow displays definitive symptoms of the disease. (vetanimalhealthcare.com)
  • The cost factors of mastitis include decreased milk production, veterinary services, diagnostics, drugs, discarded milk, and labour, decreased product quality, increased risk of new cases of the same disease or of other diseases and losses due to culling. (vetanimalhealthcare.com)
  • Many diseases are endemic in the studied species (brucellosis, foot and mouth disease, tuberculosis, rabies) and the main clinical signs of several diseases are diarrhoea, abortion, lameness and respiratory problems. (who.int)
Prototheca1
Pathogen2
  • It's critical to know what pathogen you are dealing with to help make the best mastitis treatment or management decision. (thebeefsite.com)
  • We also describe studies investigating the evolution of bovine S. aureus and the importance of host-adaptation in its emergence as a mastitis pathogen. (ed.ac.uk)
Contagious1
  • Mode of transmission Contagious mastitis also known as bovine mastitis Environmental mastitis Summer mastitis (which occurs in summer months in heifers or unmilked cows) Mastitis is most often transmitted by repetitive contact with the milking machine, and through contaminated hands or materials. (wikipedia.org)
Somatic2
Antimicrobials1
  • This work highlights the high need to set additional clinical breakpoints for antimicrobials frequently used to treat mastitis. (hal.science)
Symptoms3
  • Mastitis may be classified according two different criteria: either according to the clinical symptoms or depending on the mode of transmission. (wikipedia.org)
  • Keep reading this informative Animal Wised article to learn all about the symptoms and treatment of bovine mastitis . (animalwised.com)
  • His condition was septic with clinical symptoms of meningismus and pulmonary congestion. (cdc.gov)
Clots1
Comparative2
  • Comparative studies of Mycoplasma of bovine origin. (cdc.gov)
  • Clinical interests: comparative theriogenology. (missouri.edu)
Cases8
  • Escherichia coli causes a significant number of clinical mastitis cases in dairy cattle worldwide. (unimi.it)
  • Clinical mastitis cases from 12 farms were enrolled in the study. (milksa.co.za)
  • On-farm selection of gram-positive cases was carried out by the farm personnel in consultation with the veterinarian within the first 24 hours after a clinical mastitis case was detected. (milksa.co.za)
  • Of the 1972 clinical mastitis cases registered, 345 met all criteria for inclusion in the final database. (milksa.co.za)
  • The authors concluded that bacteriological cure of local penicillin treatment for mild and moderate clinical mastitis cases was not inferior to the combination of local and systemic treatment using a 15% non-inferiority margin. (milksa.co.za)
  • isolated from cases of clinical mastitis in dairy cattle in Poland, J. Dairy Sci. (acarindex.com)
  • Prompt treatment of the mastitis cases. (vetanimalhealthcare.com)
  • Clinical studies show pain is alleviated in less than 15 minutes in many cases. (drugs.com)
Infections1
  • Nocardia species also cause infections in animals, including bovine mastitis and sporotrichoid nocardiosis in horses. (medscape.com)
Mycoplasma1
  • The Mastitis, polyarthritis and abortion caused are small, gram-negative, fastidious, by Mycoplasma species bovine group 7 in results showed that the outbreak of dairy cattle. (cdc.gov)
Humans1
  • All bovine sera were needed in order to establish the most useful subjected initially to the rose Bengal plate tests for use in Algeria, both in humans and test (RBT) and the buffer acidified plate animals. (who.int)
Treatment6
  • Clinical Study on the Treatment of Piroline against Bovine Mastitis" by Jian-Ping Liang, Bao-Cheng Hao et al. (chula.ac.th)
  • If so, apart from cost benefits, the obvious benefit will be reduction of AMR associated with mastitis treatment. (milksa.co.za)
  • This suggests that a potential 16-fold reduction in antimicrobial use per mastitis treatment can be achieved with no adverse effect on cure rate. (milksa.co.za)
  • the veterinarian will inform you as with regards to the treatment for mastitis in cows. (animalwised.com)
  • In addition to showing good performance as antimicrobial agents, these tannins indicated potential applications in the development of natural medicines for the treatment of bovine mastitis. (ncsu.edu)
  • Hillerton J.E., Berry E.A. The management and treatment of environmental streptococcal mastitis. (acarindex.com)
Diagnosis1
  • Duarte C.M., Freitas P.P., Bexiga R. Technological advances in bovine mastitis diagnosis: an overview. (acarindex.com)
Therapeutic1
  • Bovine mastitis: risk factors, therapeutic strategies, and alternative treatments - A review. (ugm.ac.id)
Aureus1
  • We describe the diversity of S. aureus associated with bovine mastitis and the geographical distribution of S. aureus clones in different continents. (ed.ac.uk)
Immunoglobulins1
  • The levels of total whey proteins (Mainly bovine serum albumin, immunoglobulins) (Na and Cl ions) and other ions (Cu, Fe, Zn) various enzymes and certain glycoproteins increase significantly. (wikipedia.org)
Materials and Met1
  • Materials and Methods: In this randomized clinical trial, 64 patients who had mandibular first and second molars with irreversible pulpitis were randomly divided into two groups (n = 32) by stratified permuted block randomization. (bvsalud.org)
Treatments1
  • In fact, approximately 90% of residue violations in milk can be traced back to mastitis treatments (Erskine et al. (extension.org)
Diseases1
Veterinary1
  • P. aeruginosa is also of nosocomial importance on dairy farms and veterinary hospitals, where it is a key morbidity factor in bovine mastitis. (ucc.ie)
Microbiological1
  • The MAC, based on minimal bactericidal concentration, will be considered as the lowest dilution (concentration) of the drug or chemical product able of preventing the multiplication of algae, after microbiological culture on bovine blood agar. (fapesp.br)
Herd1
  • Graeme has varied clinical interests relating to dairy herd health and productivity, as well as considerable experience in camelid medicine. (synergyfarmhealth.com)