• Cardiolipin (IUPAC name 1,3-bis(sn-3'-phosphatidyl)-sn-glycerol, "sn" designating stereospecific numbering) is an important component of the inner mitochondrial membrane, where it constitutes about 20% of the total lipid composition. (wikipedia.org)
  • In mammalian cells, but also in plant cells, cardiolipin (CL) is found almost exclusively in the inner mitochondrial membrane, where it is essential for the optimal function of numerous enzymes that are involved in mitochondrial energy metabolism. (wikipedia.org)
  • Cardiolipin bicyclic structure Structure of NAO NAO & CL arranged in a highly ordered way The detection, quantification, and localisation of CL species is a valuable tool to investigate mitochondrial dysfunction and the pathophysiological mechanisms underpinning several human disorders. (wikipedia.org)
  • They then identified genes involved in mitochondrial morphology maintenance and fragmentation, among which PGS1, a key enzyme in cardiolipin biosynthesis. (pasteur.fr)
  • This study shows mitochondrial defects linked to OPA1 deficiency in DOA patients are also modulated by the action of other mitochondrial genes in a more intricate fashion, with clinical implications for diagnosis. (pasteur.fr)
  • However, apoptosis can also be initiated by GNLY, due to the presence of cardiolipin in mitochondrial membranes which allows GNLY to create pores in the membrane and causing a release of molecules like cytochrome c, which also leads to apoptosis. (wikipedia.org)
  • These DAMPs include mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), cardiolipin, N-formyl peptides (NFPs), and reactive oxygen species (ROS) but also metabolites such as adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and succinate [ 3 ]. (nature.com)
  • In another research line, the work of Prof. LangerĀ“s team identified a crucial role of mitochondrial proteases for the synthesis of cardiolipin, a mitochondria-specific phospholipid, which is essential for the function of mitochondria. (uni-koeln.de)
  • Oxidation of cardiolipin is associated with the decline of mitochondrial activities during aging. (uni-koeln.de)
  • This strain produced triglycerides (TG) as well as four common phospholipids: phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylglycerol (PG), cardiolipin (CL) and lysocardiolipin (LCL). (nature.com)
  • The molecule's positive charge allows for binding to phospholipids and cardiolipin, both of which can be found as epitopes on the surfaces of pathogens, and its 2nd and 3rd helices are principle players in lysing foreign or infected cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • Finally, a molecule of CDP-DAG is bound to PG to form one molecule of cardiolipin, catalyzed by the mitochondria-localized enzyme cardiolipin synthase (CLS). (wikipedia.org)
  • In prokaryotes such as bacteria, diphosphatidylglycerol synthase catalyses a transfer of the phosphatidyl moiety of one phosphatidylglycerol to the free 3'-hydroxyl group of another, with the elimination of one molecule of glycerol, via the action of an enzyme related to phospholipase D. The enzyme can operate in reverse under some physiological conditions to remove cardiolipin. (wikipedia.org)
  • In stationary phase, cardiolipin synthase activity has been observed to increase approximately 10-fold in the Gram-negative model organism Escherichia coli , suggesting CL is an essential membrane component to cope with starvation 4 . (nature.com)
  • Cardiolipin synthase B (ClsB) is essential for PT and diPT but not for cardiolipin biosynthesis. (ox.ac.uk)
  • He enjoys an international reputation for his research on phospholipases A, cardiolipin biosynthesis in eukaryotes, lysophospholipases, phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis for lung surfactant, plasmalogen biosynthesis in peroxisomes, diagnosis of peroxisomal disorders and most recently his work on alkyl-dihydroxyacetone phosphate synthase. (ornine.best)
  • We believe the answer is probable, since some of the systemic disease clinical manifestations of COVID-19 cannot be explained solely by the binding of SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins with cell membranes of tissues that exhibit angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). (frontiersin.org)
  • However, in most animal tissues, cardiolipin contains 18-carbon fatty alkyl chains with 2 unsaturated bonds on each of them. (wikipedia.org)
  • Catabolism of cardiolipin may happen by the catalysis of phospholipase A2 (PLA) to remove fatty acyl groups. (wikipedia.org)
  • The inner membrane encapsulates the cytosol of gram-negative bacteria and the matrix of mitochondria and is rich in the phospholipid cardiolipin. (nature.com)
  • non-etheless, we also discovered major specific distinctions: For instance, genes and molecular pathways, linked to the visual circuit and retinol biosynthesis are higher portrayed in the RPE AZD6244 supplier than in the IE significantly. (woofahs.com)
  • This review mainly focuses on the biosynthesis of n-butanol in engineered E. coli with an emphasis on efficient enzymes for butanol production in E. coli , butanol competing pathways, and genome engineering of E. coli for butanol production. (portlandpress.com)
  • In addition, the use of alternate strategies for butanol biosynthesis/enhancement, alternate substrates for the low cost of butanol production, and genetic improvement for butanol tolerance in E. coli have also been discussed. (portlandpress.com)
  • Amongst their many roles, mitochondria play a crucial function in energy production, iron homeostasis, and the biosynthesis of lipids, amino acids and nucleic acids [ 1 , 2 ]. (nature.com)
  • The group of Prof. Langer could demonstrate that disease mutations leading to cardiomyopathies are caused by disturbances in the cardiolipin metabolism in mitochondria. (uni-koeln.de)
  • As there are four distinct alkyl chains in cardiolipin, the potential for complexity of this molecule species is enormous. (wikipedia.org)
  • This classification was based on the notion that "collagen" was equivalent to "connective tissue", but with the present recognition of the different types of collagen and the aggregates derived from them as distinct entities, the term "collagen diseases" now pertains exclusively to those inherited conditions in which the primary defect is at the gene level and affects collagen biosynthesis, post-translational modification, or extracellular processing directly. (edu.au)
  • Therefore, the molecules involved in the cell wall biosynthesis of TB bacilli have been considered as important anti-TB drug targets. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Works about clinical trials that involve at least one test treatment and one control treatment, concurrent enrollment and follow-up of the test- and control-treated groups, and in which the treatments to be administered are selected by a random process, such as the use of a random-numbers table. (lookformedical.com)
  • About one hundred drugs for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease, including vaccines, undergo clinical trials every year [ 3 ]. (actanaturae.ru)
  • Bacteria thriving at extremely high pH tend to produce more cardiolipin (CL) as well as bis-mono-acyl-glycero-phosphate (BMP) 3 . (nature.com)
  • This study aimed to identify the functional role of aceE gene in cell wall biosynthesis in M. smegmatis . (biomedcentral.com)
  • Interestingly, this species has exceptional resistance to a range of environmental challenges which contributes to its persistence in clinical environment and on human skin. (nature.com)
  • Najeem Eldeen A, Mahmood Mohammed M, Dakhel M. Evaluation of the clinical effect of melatonin on oxidative stress markers in patients with lead poisoning. (mosuljournals.com)
  • Discussion of off-target and tentative genomic findings may sometimes be necessary to allow evaluation of their clinical significance. (ucl.ac.uk)
  • Advances in methods to analyse cardiolipin and their clinical applications. (ucl.ac.uk)
  • The name "cardiolipin" is derived from the fact that it was first found in animal hearts. (wikipedia.org)
  • uses could increase the risk of death and restrict its potential clinical applications. (mosuljournals.com)
  • This study does not include any clinical interventions on human subjects. (biomedcentral.com)
  • As a clinical empirical prescription of traditional Chinese medicine, Qushi Huayu decoction (QHD) has attracted considerable attention for its advantages in multi-target treatment of NAFLD. (frontiersin.org)
  • However, apoptosis can also be initiated by GNLY, due to the presence of cardiolipin in mitochondrial membranes which allows GNLY to create pores in the membrane and causing a release of molecules like cytochrome c, which also leads to apoptosis. (wikipedia.org)
  • The inner membranes of Gram-negative bacteria are generally more negatively charged at their surface because they contain more anionic lipids such as cardiolipin and phosphatidylglycerol within their outer leaflet compared to mammalian membranes. (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)
  • IMPORTANCE Environmental fatty acids can be harvested to supplement endogenous fatty acid synthesis to produce membranes and circumvent fatty acid biosynthesis inhibitors. (sdfca.org)
  • Stimulates cardiolipin biosynthesis, binds cardiolipin-enriched membranes where it recruits and stabilizes some proteins including prohibitin and may therefore act in the organization of functional microdomains in mitochondrial membranes. (thermofisher.com)
  • The cellular lipidome of RAW264.7 was markedly changed in a parallel way by modulation of alkylglycerol monooxygenase expression and of tetrahydrobiopterin biosynthesis affecting not only various ether lipid species upstream of alkylglycerol monooxygenase but also other more complex lipids including glycosylated ceramides and cardiolipins, which have no direct connection to ether lipid pathways. (ox.ac.uk)
  • In prokaryotes such as bacteria, diphosphatidylglycerol synthase catalyses a transfer of the phosphatidyl moiety of one phosphatidylglycerol to the free 3'-hydroxyl group of another, with the elimination of one molecule of glycerol, via the action of an enzyme related to phospholipase D. The enzyme can operate in reverse under some physiological conditions to remove cardiolipin. (wikipedia.org)
  • 1. A method was developed for the simultaneous quantification of phosphatidic acid (PA), phosphatidylglycerol (PG), bis(monoacyl)glycerophosphate (BMP) and cardiolipin (CL) species using hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC) coupled with ESI-MS/MS in positive ionization mode. (uni-regensburg.de)
  • While LA is considered to be an essential fatty acid and support health when consumed in modest amounts, an excessive intake of LA leads to the formation of oxidized linoleic acid metabolites (OXLAMs), impairments in mitochondrial function through suboptimal cardiolipin composition, and likely contributes to many chronic diseases that became an epidemic in the 20th century, and whose prevalence continues to increase. (researchgate.net)
  • However, the existing methods for minor sphingolipid (SL), glycerophospholipid (GP) and bile acid (BA) analysis show disadvantages like laborious sample preparation, time consuming LC-separation, high sample volumes or insufficient validation data, excluding these methods for high throughput analysis in huge clinical trials. (uni-regensburg.de)
  • Additionally, these methods should provide automated data analysis tools to allow high sample throughput, a prerequisite for lipid species quantification in huge clinical trials. (uni-regensburg.de)
  • In fact, there are already some promising peptides or peptidomimetics in clinical trials. (medscape.com)
  • C20993 Clinical Assessment Tool C118468 Pediatric Rheumatology Terminology C121341 American College of Rheumatology Pediatric Core Set for Juvenile Arthritis American College of Rheumatology Pediatric Core Set for Juvenile Arthritis ACR Pediatric Core Set for Juvenile Arthritis A set of criteria used to assess clinical response (improvement) or worsening (flare), in juvenile idiopathic arthritis clinical trials. (nih.gov)
  • A set of criteria used to assess clinical response (improvement) or worsening (flare), in juvenile idiopathic arthritis clinical trials. (nih.gov)
  • He is also trained as a "Clinical Trial Specialist" (Medical University of Graz) and is involved in several clinical trials studying the effects of spermidine supplementation and therapeutic fasting in humans. (microbialcell.com)
  • More clinical trials are a requirement of time for effective refinement of taxanes for the benefit of cancer patients. (ijpsr.com)
  • In an ideal case, it may be possible to move approved drugs that are validated against SARS-CoV-2 in vitro directly into clinical trials, bypassing the costly and time-consuming discovery of new chemical entities and their pre-clinical evaluation in animal models that are only just being established [ 3-5 ], as well as vital phase 1 human safety testing. (silverchair.com)
  • Pathways in biosynthesis of eicosanoid s from arachidonic acid: there are parallel paths from EPA & DGLA . (thcscience.wiki)
  • Here, we review and discuss the potential of approved or late-stage clinical assets that target host N-linked glycosylation pathways as treatments for COVID-19. (silverchair.com)
  • COE2-2hexyl effectively-treated mice infected with bacteria derived from sepsis patients with refractory bacteremia, including a CRE K. pneumoniae strain resistant to nearly all clinical antibiotics tested. (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)
  • International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. (epfl.ch)
  • In addition to increasing biosynthesis of ATP (the universal energy molecule), and acting as a potent free radical scavenger, CoQ10 also reduces lactic acid levels, improves muscle strength, and decreases muscle fatigability. (worldwidehealthcenter.net)
  • Overexpression of wild-type SIRT3 increased cardiolipin levels and rescued mitochondrial respiration and SOD2 expression in DOX-treated H9c2 cardiomyocytes and attenuated the amount of ROS produced following DOX treatment. (nih.gov)
  • Phospholipase D (PLD) in the mitochondrion hydrolyses cardiolipin to phosphatidic acid. (wikipedia.org)
  • In the present study, we have determined the contribution of cardiolipin (CL) to acid resistance in S. mutans. (nih.gov)
  • However, cardiac dysfunction caused by DOX limits its clinical use. (nih.gov)
  • The decrease in mitochondrial respiratory chain activity increases of ROS generation and cardiolipin oxidation, causing mitochondrial dysfunction, which further aggravates myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury [ 20 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In mammalian cells, but also in plant cells, cardiolipin (CL) is found almost exclusively in the inner mitochondrial membrane, where it is essential for the optimal function of numerous enzymes that are involved in mitochondrial energy metabolism. (wikipedia.org)
  • Cardiolipin (IUPAC name 1,3-bis(sn-3'-phosphatidyl)-sn-glycerol, "sn" designating stereospecific numbering) is an important component of the inner mitochondrial membrane, where it constitutes about 20% of the total lipid composition. (wikipedia.org)
  • Cardiolipin (CL) is a kind of diphosphatidylglycerol lipid. (wikipedia.org)
  • Cardiac and clinical phenotype in Barth syndrome. (nih.gov)
  • Incorporating the cellular hierarchy composition and clinical properties, the METArisk phenotype divided multi-patient cohort into two classes, wherein poor prognosis of METArisk-high subgroup was associated with a particular cluster of malignant cells with significant activity of metabolism reprogramming enriched in metastatic single-cell samples. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Taxol was found to possess the cytotoxic potential of clinical significance when a study on ovarian cancer reported that 30% of the patients suffering from platinum-resistant ovarian cancer responded partially or completely 14 . (ijpsr.com)
  • Despite the well-established treatment effectiveness of exercise, cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I), and pharmacotherapy on improving sleep, there have been no studies to compare their long-term effectiveness, which is of clinical importance for sustainable management of chronic insomnia. (bvsalud.org)
  • Notably, further COE safety and efficacy studies are required to be conducted on a larger scale to ensure adequate understanding of the clinical benefits and risks to assure clinical efficacy and toxicity before COEs can be added to the therapeutic armamentarium. (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)
  • Intended to be used as inclusion criteria for clinical studies, a person is defined as having systemic lupus erythematosus if any four or more of the eleven criteria are present, serially or simultaneously, during any interval of observation. (nih.gov)
  • Multiorgan involvement in MIDs [mitochondrial multiorgan disorder syndrome (MIMODS)] ( 3 ) may already be present at onset of the clinical manifestations or may develop during the course of the disease. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Cardiolipin biosynthesis in Streptococcus mutans is regulated in response to external pH. (nih.gov)
  • The phase I clinical trial of taxol was first performed in the year 1984, while the phase II trial was initiated in 1985 12, and in the year 1987, Wienrik reported a phase I trial and pharmacokinetic study of taxol 13 . (ijpsr.com)
  • Treatment of fibroblasts with myriocin, which inhibits the first step of SL biosynthesis, and sphingosine-kinase inhibitor, demonstrated the importance of methods covering multiple instead of single sphingolipid metabolites. (uni-regensburg.de)
  • Poor clinical outcomes are attributed to extensive inter-patient heterogeneity and chemotherapy resistance, highlighting the inadequacy of standard therapy for curing patients with HNSCC [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Also, the development and follow up of large cohorts of patients means that there are clinical guidelines for the management of patients with mitochondrial disease. (biomed.news)
  • These tools allow for effective connections between discovery research and the clinical world, enabling novel therapies for diseases. (ucsf.edu)