Cleaves protein caspase. Medical search. Frequent questions

It belongs to a family of cysteine proteases called caspases that cleave proteins only at an amino acid following an aspartic acid residue. (wikipedia.org)
One of the most consistently observed characteristics of apoptosis is the activation of a series of cytosolic proteases called caspases. (bdbiosciences.com)
Apoptosis is a programmed form of cell death involving the degradation of cellular constituents by a group of cysteine proteases called caspases. (geneontology.org)

initiator (apical) caspases and effector (executioner) caspases . (wikidoc.org)
Once activated by their respective upstream signals, caspase-8 and -9 may cleave and activate downstream executioner caspases -3 and -7, which, in turn, cleave a plethora of target proteins, resulting in apoptotic death ( 6 - 8 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
The apoptotic subfamily can be further divided into initiator caspases, which are activated in response to death signals, and executioner caspases, which are activated by the initiator caspases and are responsible for cleavage of cellular substrates that ultimately lead to cell death. (crossfirebeilstein.com)
Active caspase-9, in turn, activates executioner caspases-3 and -7. (jneurosci.org)
Both the death-receptor-induced extrinsic pathway and the mitochondria-apoptosome-mediated intrinsic pathway ultimately activate caspases (24 25 Among them caspase-3 which is activated by caspase-8 or -9 is one of the most important executioner caspases (26). (hiv-proteases.com)

It has been shown to associate with several proteins involved in apoptosis using its CARD domain, including RIP-associated Ich-1/Ced-3-homologue protein with a death domain (RAIDD), apoptosis repressor with caspase recruitment domain (ARC), and death effector filament-forming Ced-4-like apoptosis protein (DEFCAP). (wikipedia.org)
These activated initiator caspases in-turn cleave downstream effector or ?executioner? (enzolifesciences.com)
CASP2 , CASP8 , CASP9 and CASP10 ) cleave inactive pro-forms of effector caspases, thereby activating them. (wikidoc.org)
Effector caspases (e.g. (wikidoc.org)
Initiator caspases possess a longer prodomain than the effector caspases, whose prodomain is very small. (wikidoc.org)
The prodomain of the initiator caspases contain domains such as a CARD domain (e.g. caspases-2 and -9) or a death effector domain (DED) (caspases-8 and -10) that enables the caspases to interact with other molecules that regulate their activation. (wikidoc.org)
This allows them to autoactivate, so that they can then proceed to activate the effector caspases. (wikidoc.org)
Caspase 2 plays a role in APOPTOSIS by cleaving and activating effector pro-caspases. (umassmed.edu)
Because caspase-1 is a principle effector protease within the pyroptotic cell death pathway, it stands to reason that the intracellular detection of activated caspase-1 be a key indicator of a pyroptosis activity. (immunochemistry.com)

In addition to its role in glucose metabolism, this pathway also regulates the redirection of free amino acids to protein synthesis via the mTOR-signaling pathway. (hindawi.com)
Caspases-9, -8 and -3 have been implicated in apoptosis-caspase-9 in the mitochondrial pathway, caspase-8 in the Fas/CD95 pathway, and caspase-3 more downstream, activated by multiple pathways. (bdbiosciences.com)
Radiation induces caspase activation fundamentally via the mitochondrial pathway. (spandidos-publications.com)
The central element in the mitochondrial pathway is a specialised protein complex, the apoptosome, which enables and facilitates the activation of procaspase 9. (spandidos-publications.com)
Radiation and other agents induce caspase activation fundamentally via the mitochondrial pathway, which includes mitochondrial integration of apoptotic signals and the subsequent release of cytochrome c into the cytosol ( 5 , 9 , 10 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
and the intrinsic pathway, which is activated by cellular stress and is regulated primarily at the level of mitochondria by the Bcl-2 family of proteins ( Fig. 1 ). (biologists.com)
The intrinsic apoptotic pathway is initiated in response to a variety of stress signals ( Willis and Adams, 2005 ), and a complex interplay of Bcl-2 proteins relays this signal to the mitochondrial outer membrane (OM) to initiate Bak and Bax activation, oligomerisation and OM damage ( Fig. 1 ). (biologists.com)
By contrast, the extrinsic apoptotic pathway can activate caspases without the participation of mitochondria. (biologists.com)
However, in certain cell types, the extrinsic pathway also induces mitochondrial damage by cleaving the pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 family protein Bid to its activated truncated form (tBid), which leads to Bak and Bax activation. (biologists.com)
In innate immune system, N protein inhibits IFN-β production and RNAi pathway for virus survival. (ijbs.com)
A novel secretory pathway for interleukin-1 beta, a protein lacking a signal sequence. (nso-journal.org)
A translocation pathway for vesicle-mediated unconventional protein secretion. (nso-journal.org)
BCL2 proteins are described as 'crucial regulators of apoptosis' (PMID:15868100)and the intrinsic apoptosis pathway is initiated by the release of mitochondrial cytochrome c into the cytoplasm, which results in the activation of caspases (15102863) - help in generating a defintion for intrinsic apoptosis? (geneontology.org)
Here we demonstrate that, during brain maturation, the potential of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway is progressively reduced and that such repression is associated with downregulation of apoptotic protease-activating factor-1 (Apaf-1) and caspase-3 gene expression. (jneurosci.org)
These results suggest that differential expression of Apaf-1 and caspase-3 genes may underlie regulation of apoptotic susceptibility during brain development, as well as after acute injury to mature brain, through the intrinsic pathway of caspase activation. (jneurosci.org)
Eldadah and Faden, 2000 ), we hypothesized that suppression of apoptotic capability during maturation of mammalian brain results from repression of genes involved in the caspase-3 activation pathway, and that injury-induced neuronal apoptosis in the mature brain results from reactivation of these genes. (jneurosci.org)
Anti-apoptotic strategies include inhibition of caspase, poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase (PARP), and Bcl-2 proteins as well as induction of the PKB/Akt pathway and inhibitors of apoptosis (IAP) family of proteins. (biomedcentral.com)

caspases (e.g. caspase-3, -6, and -7) in a cascade-like manner, which cleave key cellular proteins that lead to the morphological changes associated with apoptotic cell death. (enzolifesciences.com)
Of them, SARS-CoV-2 S protein binds to its cellular receptor, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) [ 8 , 9 ], to enter the cells. (ijbs.com)
Subsequent investigation, elucidated NSP 5a3a's potential involvement in cellular processes such as ribosome biogenesis and rRNA processing by validating NSP 5a3a's novel interaction with B23 and ribonuclear protein hnRNP-L possibly implicating NSP 5a3a's involvement in cellular activities such as RNA metabolism and processing [4]. (oncotarget.com)
Caspase-1-regulated cellular membrane pores dissipate cellular ionic gradients, producing a net increased osmotic pressure, water influx, cell swelling and, eventually, osmotic lysis and release of inflammatory intracellular contents [4]. (immunochemistry.com)
Caspase-3 cleaves several cellular proteins including Oxi 4503 the PARP protein resulting in morphological changes and DNA fragmentation. (hiv-proteases.com)

The caspase family of cysteine proteases play a key role in apoptosis. (biossusa.com)
Chemical compounds that induce cancer cell apoptosis are considered promising anticancer drugs (22 23 Caspases a family of cysteine proteases play essential roles in apoptosis. (hiv-proteases.com)

The following product was used in this experiment: Active/Pro-Caspase 3 Monoclonal Antibody (31A1067) from Thermo Fisher Scientific, catalog # MA1-91637, RRID AB_1954999. (thermofisher.com)
Western Blot analysis of (A) RAW264.7 and (B) NIH-3T3 cell lysate using Active/Pro-Caspase 3 Monoclonal Antibody (31A1067) (Product # MA1-91637). (thermofisher.com)
The antibody recognizes an epitope in the large domain subunit of Caspase-3. (thermofisher.com)
Caspase Assay Laboratories manufactures the caspase 3 antibody santa cruz reagents distributed by Genprice. (crossfirebeilstein.com)
The Caspase 3 Antibody Santa Cruz reagent is RUO (Research Use Only) to test human serum or cell culture lab samples. (crossfirebeilstein.com)
Description: Caspase-3 Antibody: Caspases are a family of cysteine proteases that can be divided into the apoptotic and inflammatory caspase subfamilies. (crossfirebeilstein.com)

CASP3 , CASP6 , CASP7 ) in turn cleave other protein substrates within the cell resulting in the apoptotic process. (wikidoc.org)
The exact contribution that the cleavage of many caspase substrates makes to the biochemistry and morphology of apoptosis is unclear. (wikidoc.org)
Active caspases can then cleave many proteins, including poly-ADP ribose polymerase (PARP), other caspases and other protein substrates en masse. (bdbiosciences.com)
BD Biosciences also offers a range of tools for caspase activity assays from individual fluorogenic peptide substrates and inhibitors, to kits, to ready-to-use assay plates. (bdbiosciences.com)
All are based on the use of synthetic tetrapeptide substrates that are designed such that proteolytic cleavage by active human or mouse caspases results in release of a fluorophore or chromophore. (bdbiosciences.com)
The individual synthetic tetrapeptide substrates, together with the caspase inhibitors and active caspase enzymes, offer flexibility in the experimental design of a caspase activity assay. (bdbiosciences.com)
Active caspase identifies multiple molecules as substrates and cleaves them, leading to biological events associated with apoptosis. (caltagmedsystems.co.uk)
Caspase also recognises several structural proteins as substrates, leading to cleavage that is associated with distinct morphological changes in apoptotic cells, including chromatin condensation, nucleus fragmentation, and cytoplasmic integrity. (caltagmedsystems.co.uk)

The most important enzymes involved in apoptosis are caspases, which hydrolyze important structural and functional proteins of the cell, ultimately leading to apoptosis. (spandidos-publications.com)
does all activation of caspases require other proteins also involved in apoptosis - therefore shouldn't this term be a part of apoptosis? (geneontology.org)

Together with RAIDD and p53-induced protein with a death domain ([PIDD])(LRDD), caspase 2 has been shown to form the so-called PIDDosome, which may serve as an activation platform for the protease, although it may also be activated in the absence of PIDD. (wikipedia.org)
During apoptosis, Rb is subjected to cleavage by caspase-3 like protease. (novusbio.com)
Horvitz and his colleague Junying Yuan [2] found in 1993 that the protein encoded by the ced-3 gene was a cysteine protease with similar properties to the mammalian interleukin-1-beta converting enzyme (ICE) (now known as caspase 1) which at the time was the only known caspase. (wikidoc.org)
This gene encodes a protein which is a member of the cysteine-aspartic acid protease (caspase) family. (thermofisher.com)
Caspase belongs to the cysteine aspartic acid-specific protease family, which gets activated by various signals such as death receptor ligation, DNA damage, serum starvation, and stresses. (caltagmedsystems.co.uk)
Additionally, the host serine protease TMPRSS2 is important for priming of the S protein for receptor interactions and entry [ 9 ]. (ijbs.com)
Description: CASP3 is a member of the cysteine-aspartic acid protease (caspase) family. (crossfirebeilstein.com)
Here we show that caspase-6, a cysteine-aspartic protease of the apoptosis cascade, serves as an important host factor for efficient coronavirus replication. (bvsalud.org)
Separase is a caspase-like cysteine protease, which plays a central role in triggering ANAPHASE by cleaving the SCC1/RAD21 subunit of the cohesin complex. (bvsalud.org)

Caspase 2 proteolytically cleaves other proteins. (wikipedia.org)
The active Caspase 3 proteolytically cleaves and activates other caspases (e.g. (biossusa.com)
Caspase-3 proteolytically cleaves and activates other proteins such as caspases 6, 7 and 9. (crossfirebeilstein.com)

Caspase-3 cleaves the death substrate PARP to a specific 85 kDa form observed during apoptosis and is inhibitable by the CrmA protein. (thomassci.com)
Mechanistically western blot analysis indicated that Sch B induced apoptosis by upregulating Bax cleaved caspase-3 cleaved caspase-9 and cleaved PARP and by downregulating cyclin D1 Bcl-2 and CDK-4. (hiv-proteases.com)

For instance, caspase-3 indirectly activates CAD (caspase-activated deoxyribonuclease) while inactivating ICAD (inhibitor of caspase-activated deoxyribonuclease), which contributes to chromatin fragmentation in nucleosome units. (caltagmedsystems.co.uk)
Healthy male Sprague‑Dawley rats were used in the present study to examine the radioprotective effect of a type of pan-caspase inhibitor, z-VAD-fmk, following radiation, to investigate the effects of caspase blockade in a model of the nucleus of the abducens nerve. (spandidos-publications.com)
The present study performed immunohistochemistry, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) and western blot analysis and identified no significant changes in the expression of the X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP) following radiation (P>0.05). (spandidos-publications.com)
The inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAPs) inhibit apoptosis by interacting with and then regulating the functions of caspase-8 or caspase-9, -3 and -7 ( 9 , 11 , 12 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
z-VAD-fmk ( N -benzyloxycarbonyl-Val-Ala-Asp-fluoromethylketone) is a powerful, irreversible and cell permeable inhibitor of caspases, and has been demonstrated to directly block the activity of caspases ( 13 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
Activation of caspase-3 was evident in induced cells and cell death could be inhibited by the addition of a caspase-3-specific inhibitor. (elsevierpure.com)

Caspases, while dispensable for cell death during mitochondrial apoptosis, inhibit activation of pro-inflammatory pathways after MOMP. (nature.com)
Kamber Kaya HE, Ditzel M, Meier P, Bergmann A. An inhibitory mono-ubiquitylation of the Drosophila initiator caspase Dronc functions in both apoptotic and non-apoptotic pathways. (umassmed.edu)
In particular, we will discuss the modifications in intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathways caused by proteins encoded by HPV early genes. (mdpi.com)
Rabouille C. Pathways of unconventional protein secretion. (nso-journal.org)
The caspases can be activated through either the intrinsic (mitochondrial mediated) or extrinsic (death receptor mediated) apoptotic pathways. (geneontology.org)
Pyroptosis is fundamentally distinct from other cell death pathways by its exclusive dependency on caspase-1 [1]. (immunochemistry.com)

After being activated by active cathepsin C, rhGranzyme B cleaves a thioester substrate described previously (3). (rndsystems.com)
They are called cysteine proteases , because they use a cysteine residue to cut those proteins, and are called caspases because the cysteine residue cleaves their substrate proteins at specific asparagine residues. (wikidoc.org)
MBLI 's APOPCYTO Caspase-3,8,9 Colorimetric Assay Kit detects caspase activity in cell extract with LEHD-pNA as a substrate, in which LEHD sequence is recognised by each active caspase selectively. (caltagmedsystems.co.uk)

Caspases exist as inactive proenzymes that undergo proteolytic processing at conserved aspartic residues to produce two subunits, large and small, that dimerize to form the active enzyme. (wikipedia.org)
The caspases are a family of cysteine proteases that cleave after certain aspartate residues, and are primarily recognized as mediators of apoptosis. (enzolifesciences.com)
Caspases are activated upon cleavage at aspartate residues during the earliest stages of apoptosis. (bdbiosciences.com)
Specificity is predominantly directed towards residues that occupy the S1 binding pocket, so that caspases cleave aspartyl bonds, legumains cleave asparaginyl bonds, and gingipains cleave lysyl or arginyl bonds. (embl.de)

the apoptosome (regulated by cytochrome c and the Bcl-2 family ) which activates caspase-9 . (wikidoc.org)
from the apoptosome, a heptameric caspase activation organic (2, 3). (woofahs.com)
Cytochrome c then forms a multi-protein complex known as the 'apoptosome' and initiates activation of the caspase cascade through caspase 9. (geneontology.org)

Here, high mobility group box-1 (HMGB-1) protein was explored as a potential mediator of stress-induced microglial priming and whether HMGB-1 does so via the nucleotide-binding domain, leucine-rich repeat, pyrin domain containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome. (jneurosci.org)
Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Activates the Inflammasome via NLRP3- and Caspase-2-Driven Mitochondrial Damage. (umassmed.edu)
Recognition of PAMPs, DAMPs, and some foreign toxins can lead to inflammasome activation, which triggers activation of caspase-1, and the initiation of pyroptosis [1, 3]. (immunochemistry.com)
Activation of the inflammasome subsequently leads to processing and activation of caspase-1 [9]. (immunochemistry.com)
The nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor protein 3 ( NLRP3 ) inflammasome, which is involved in this process, is the most widely studied inflammasome. (imrpress.com)
Around the same time, a group of scientists at the University of Lausanne in Switzerland found that NALP1/NLRP1, a protein from the same family, forms a large intracellular complex called an inflammasome , which helps generate the IL-1β cytokine, triggering a cascade of inflammation. (the-scientist.com)

The initiation of this cascade reaction is regulated by caspase inhibitors. (wikidoc.org)
Cell death is frequently considered to be 'caspase-dependent' when it is suppressed by broad-spectrum caspase inhibitors such as N-benzyloxycarbonyl-Val-Ala-Asp-fluoromethylketone (Z-VAD-fmk). (geneontology.org)
The ATP1A1-specific inhibitors Ouabain (a cardiac steroid) and PST2238 (a digitalis toxin derivative), which specifically bind ATP1A1, could block the ATP1A1 protein internalization and degradation, and consequently reduce the infection rate of host cells by PEDV significantly. (bvsalud.org)

[ 8 ] Caspase inhibition in clonal striatal cells showed no correlation between the reduction of aggregates in the cells and increased survival. (medscape.com)
Studies does in mice showed that bromelain induced apoptosis-related proteins along with inhibition of NF-kappaB-driven Cox-2 expression by blocking the MAPK and Akt/protein kinase B signaling in DMBA-TPA-induced skin tumors . (shu.edu)
Inhibition of hosts ATP1A1 protein expression using small interfering RNA (siRNAs) significantly reduced the cells susceptibility to PEDV. (bvsalud.org)
Inhibition of caspase-6 substantially attenuates lung pathology and body weight loss in golden Syrian hamsters infected with SARS-CoV-2 and improves the survival of mice expressing human DPP4 that are infected with mouse-adapted MERS-CoV. (bvsalud.org)

caspases are synthesized as inactive zymogens that can be cleaved to form active enzymes following the induction of apoptosis by stress or death receptors. (enzolifesciences.com)

The proteolytic cleavage of this protein is induced by a variety of apoptotic stimuli. (wikipedia.org)
These molecules respond to stimuli which cause the clustering of the initiator caspases. (wikidoc.org)
During sustained exposure to apoptotic stimuli, caspase-mediated cleavage of Beclin 1 generates fragments ('N' and 'C') that lose their ability to induce autophagy. (shu.edu)

They are first synthesized as inactive pro-caspases , that consist of a prodomain, a small subunit and a large subunit. (wikidoc.org)
Caspases are synthesized in the cell as inactive zymogens and require to be activated to be functional. (spandidos-publications.com)
Caspase 3 is synthesized as inactive pro enzyme that is processed in cells undergoing apoptosis by self proteolysis and/or cleavage by other upstream proteases (e.g. (biossusa.com)
Caspase-3 is synthesized as an inactive proenzyme that undergoes proteolytic cleavage by caspases 8, 9 and 10 to produce 2 subunits, termed p20 and p11. (crossfirebeilstein.com)
Inflammasomes activate caspase family members to cleave inactive IL-1 precursors into the biologically active cytokine. (pyfprod.ro)

We describe how these are activated, which are their target proteins, and how their proteolytic activity modulates platelet functions. (frontiersin.org)
Activated caspase-9 in turn cleaves and activates caspase-3 that is one of the key proteases, being responsible for the proteolytic cleavage of many key proteins in apoptosis (3). (novusbio.com)

Although these platelet activation processes are relatively well-studied as a function of the platelet environment, only since recently it is becoming clear that a multitude of proteases present in plasma or produced by platelets themselves are important for the distinct properties of platelet populations, often by cleaving specific receptors. (frontiersin.org)

Several isoforms of this protein exist due to multiple alternative splicing of its MESSENGER RNA. (umassmed.edu)
Secondary structure analysis of the novel structural protein (NSP) isoforms revealed similarity to Spectrin like proteins containing coiled coil domains [1]. (oncotarget.com)

Injury-induced cytochrome c -specific cleavage of caspase-9 followed by activation of caspase-3 in mature brain correlated with marked increases in Apaf-1 and caspase-3 mRNA and protein expression. (jneurosci.org)
Next, we observed that PEDV infection of target cells resulted in upregulation of ATP1A1 at the mRNA and protein levels. (bvsalud.org)

Caspase 2 has a similar amino acid sequence to initiator caspases, including caspase 1, caspase 4, caspase 5, and caspase 9. (wikipedia.org)
Caspase-2 cleaves at amino acid 552 and caspase-6 at amino acid 586. (thermofisher.com)
An isoform of APIP, APIP2 encodes a 242 amino acid protein, which is an alternative splicing variant differing in its N-terminus from APIP. (novusbio.com)

Involved in the activation cascade of caspases responsible for apoptosis execution. (lu.se)

Caspase 2 also known as CASP2 is an enzyme that, in humans, is encoded by the CASP2 gene. (wikipedia.org)
However, the function of ICAD/DFF45 is to restrain the enzyme CAD (Caspase Activated DNase). (wikidoc.org)
Activation of this enzyme can occur via the interaction of its caspase recruitment domain with CARD SIGNALING ADAPTOR PROTEINS. (umassmed.edu)
The processed form of Caspase 3 consists of large (17kDa) and small (12kDa) subunits which associate to form an active enzyme. (biossusa.com)

The proteases involved are of different origins and types: (i) present as precursor in plasma, (ii) secreted into the plasma by activated platelets or other blood cells, or (iii) intracellularly activated and cleaving cytosolic receptor domains. (frontiersin.org)

The key regulator of this process, hypoxia inducible factor 1 (HIF-1), can initiate apoptosis by inducing high concentrations of proapoptotic proteins, such as BNIP3, and can cause stabilisation of p53. (bmj.com)

Sequential activation of caspases plays a central role in the execution-phase of cell apoptosis. (wikipedia.org)
Apaf1 binds to cytochrome c (Apaf2) and caspase-9 (Apaf3), which leads to caspase-9 activation. (novusbio.com)
should the term ['GO:0006919] activation of caspase activity' be a child of positive regulation of apoptosis or induction of apoptosis rather than directly to apoptosis? (geneontology.org)
The inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-18 undergo caspase-1-dependent activation and secretion during pyroptosis. (immunochemistry.com)

The current development of anti-cancer agents that target the Bcl-2 protein family is showing considerable promise, although how this targeting triggers Bak and Bax to perform their crucial function of mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilisation (MOMP) is not clear. (biologists.com)

As such it will recognize pro Caspase-3 and the large subunit cleavage fragment. (thermofisher.com)

These enzymes are involved in the processing of poly-ubiquitin precursors as well as that of ubiquinated proteins. (embl.de)
It begins with a signal either from the inside or the outside that informs enzymes within the cells called caspases to start cleaving the cell. (livescience.com)

Exposure to 100 inescapable tail shocks (ISs) increased HMGB-1 and NLRP3 protein in the hippocampus and led isolated microglia to release HMGB-1 ex vivo . (jneurosci.org)
Then, in 2001, researchers in California discovered the genetic explanation for his disease: a mutation in a gene called CIAS1 (since renamed NALP3 and then NLRP3 ), which was later found to cause the resulting protein to be constantly activated. (the-scientist.com)

Full-length recombinant human caspase-3 protein was used as immunogen. (thermofisher.com)

A synthetic peptide corresponding to a region of the caspase-3-induced cleavage site of human Rb was used as immunogen. (novusbio.com)
Neoepitope antibodies distinguish smaller cleaved fragments or processed forms of proteins versus the intact full-length or precursor by using a designed peptide purification process to maximize immunoreactivity to a specific cleavage site. (thermofisher.com)

Caspases are the key regulators of apoptosis. (spandidos-publications.com)

SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid (N) protein plays a critical role in multiple steps of the viral life cycle and participates in viral replication, transcription, and assembly. (ijbs.com)
SARS-CoV-2 genome consists of 14 functional open reading frames (ORFs), including two regions (ORF1a and ORF1b) for 16 non-structural proteins (Nsp1-Nsp16), nine regions for nine putative accessory proteins, and other regions for four structural proteins, spike (S), envelope (E), membrane (M), and nucleocapsid (N) proteins [ 5 - 7 ]. (ijbs.com)
We demonstrate that caspase-6 cleaves coronavirus nucleocapsid proteins, generating fragments that serve as interferon antagonists, thus facilitating virus replication. (bvsalud.org)

Overall, caspase 2 appears to be a very versatile caspase with multiple functions beyond cell death induction. (wikipedia.org)
Apoptotic caspase activity inhibits cell death-associated inflammation. (nature.com)
Caspases are a family of calcium -dependent cysteine proteases , which play essential roles in apoptosis (programmed cell death), necrosis and inflammation . (wikidoc.org)
Caspases are essential in cells for apoptosis , one of the main types of programmed cell death in development and most other stages of adult life, and have been termed "executioner" proteins for their roles in the cell. (wikidoc.org)
The importance of caspases to apoptosis and programmed cell death was originally established by Robert Horvitz and colleagues who found that the ced-3 gene was required for the cell death that took place during the development of the nematode C. elegans . (wikidoc.org)
Besides the function in viral life cycle, N protein can bind GSDMD to antagonize pyroptosis but promotes cell death via the Smad3-dependent G1 cell cycle arrest mechanism. (ijbs.com)
In this review article, we are focusing on the signaling mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 N protein in viral replication, cell death and inflammation. (ijbs.com)
Although the presence of active caspases and DNA fragmentation is helpful in identifying possible apoptosis, they should not be employed as an exclusive means to demonstrate this process as apototic cell death can occur without DNA fragmentation or caspase activity. (geneontology.org)
Unlike the apoptotic caspases, members of the inflammatory subfamily are generally not involved in cell death but are associated with the immune response to microbial pathogens. (crossfirebeilstein.com)
Pyroptosis is a type of regulated cell death that relies on caspases, vesicles, and the cleavage of gasdermin proteins (which create pores in the cell membrane). (imrpress.com)

Initiator caspases (e.g. caspase-8 and -10) are activated by dimerization of the zymogen on a dedicated adaptor protein. (enzolifesciences.com)

Caspase-3 cleaves Rb into 48 and 68kDa fragments. (novusbio.com)

Can inflammation occur under caspase-proficient conditions? (nature.com)

Mutations in CRADD Result in Reduced Caspase-2-Mediated Neuronal Apoptosis and Cause Megalencephaly with a Rare Lissencephaly Variant. (umassmed.edu)
Functional autophagy mitigates neuronal apoptosis, which is reflected by the alterations of IAPs, Bcl-2, caspase-3, and so forth. (biomedcentral.com)

The caspases that are first activated, activate other molecules of caspases, which activate yet others, until the entire cell is destroyed. (livescience.com)
Different adhesion molecules are required for apoptosis, particularly caspase family as well as noncaspase proteases. (biomedcentral.com)

After being entry, the viral and host membranes can fuse together and then release the positive sense, single-stranded RNA genome of SARS-CoV-2 that directly translates into the structural and nonstructural proteins [ 9 ]. (ijbs.com)
Rapoport TA, Li L, Park E. Structural and mechanistic insights into protein translocation. (nso-journal.org)
In the present study, we performed virus overlay protein binding assay (VOPBA), found that ATP1A1 was the highest scoring protein in the mass spectrometry results, and confirmed that the CT structural domain of ATP1A1 interacts with PEDV S1. (bvsalud.org)

The pathological characteristics of AD are exhibited by the extracellular plaques of amyloid beta (Aβ) peptides and the hyper-phosphorylation of tau protein in neurofibrillary tangles [ 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

BD Biosciences carries a variety of reagents to measure caspases, particularly caspase-3. (bdbiosciences.com)
APOPCYTO Caspase-3,8,9 Colorimetric Assay Kits are composed of reagents necessary for the detection, which includes Cell Lysis buffer, Reaction buffer and so on. (caltagmedsystems.co.uk)

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