Cleavage of protein substrates. Medical search. Frequent questions

All are based on the use of synthetic tetrapeptide substrates that are designed such that proteolytic cleavage by active human or mouse caspases results in release of a fluorophore or chromophore. (bdbiosciences.com)
This novel method is broadly applicable to any protein kinase for which a substrate consensus motif has been identified and can also be used to produce antibodies highly reactive against acetylation, methylation and proteolytic cleavage containing motifs. (cellsignal.com)
Neuropsin is a brain-expressed extracellular matrix serine protease that governs synaptic plasticity through activity-induced proteolytic cleavage of synaptic proteins. (preprints.org)
The mechanism involves protease cleavage of the bait region, a segment of the aM that is particularly susceptible to proteolytic cleavage, which initiates a conformational change such that the aM collapses about the protease. (embl.de)

The membrane-bound Notch segment that results from this cleavage, known as Notch Intracellular Truncation domain (NEXT), is a γ-secretase substrate. (mskcc.org)
γ-Secretase performs the subsequent cleavage at S3 releasing Notch intracellular domain (NICD) from the membrane and allowing for signal transduction through binding with the CBL-1, Su(H), Lag-1 family of DNA binding proteins. (mskcc.org)
Biosynthesis and intracellular trafficking of secretory and lysosomal/vacuolar proteins, glycosylation and other post-translational protein modifications as determinants of protein structure and function, catalytic properties and physiological functions of proteases and glycosylation enzymes, proteolysis and its pathological and biotechnological relevance, recombinant expression of biotherapeutics in plants, plant membrane protein biochemistry. (boku.ac.at)
The intracellular form of CREG was found to lack an N-terminal peptide present in the secreted protein. (boku.ac.at)
Surprisingly, inhibition of caspase activity using z-VAD.fmk, a universal peptide inhibitor of caspases, failed to significantly extend viability in batch culture although it did prevent cleavage of known intracellular caspase substrates. (mit.edu)
Perilipin 5 (PLIN5) is a lipid-droplet-associated protein that coordinates intracellular lipolysis in highly oxidative tissues and is thought to regulate lipid metabolism in response to phosphorylation by protein kinase A (PKA). (uci.edu)
G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) are membrane proteins that transmit the effects of extracellular ligands to effect changes in the intracellular G-protein signaling system. (gauss-centre.eu)

pNA (4-nitroaniline)-derived caspase substrates are widely used for the colorimetric detection of various caspase activities. (eurogentec.com)
BD Biosciences also offers a range of tools for caspase activity assays from individual fluorogenic peptide substrates and inhibitors, to kits, to ready-to-use assay plates. (bdbiosciences.com)
The individual synthetic tetrapeptide substrates, together with the caspase inhibitors and active caspase enzymes, offer flexibility in the experimental design of a caspase activity assay. (bdbiosciences.com)
Caspases mediate their effects through aspartate-specific cleavage of their target proteins, and at present almost 400 caspase substrates are known. (biomedcentral.com)
There are several methods developed to predict caspase cleavage sites from individual proteins, but currently none of them can be used to predict caspase cleavage sites from multiple proteins or entire proteomes, or to use several classifiers in combination. (biomedcentral.com)
The possibility to create a database from predicted caspase cleavage products for the whole genome could significantly aid in identifying novel caspase targets from tandem mass spectrometry based proteomic experiments. (biomedcentral.com)
Three different pattern recognition classifiers were developed for predicting caspase cleavage sites from protein sequences. (biomedcentral.com)
Evaluation of the classifiers with quality measures indicated that all of the three classifiers performed well in predicting caspase cleavage sites, and when combining different classifiers the accuracy increased further. (biomedcentral.com)
A database was constructed with the developed tool, and it was used to identify caspase target proteins from tandem mass spectrometry data from two different proteomic experiments. (biomedcentral.com)
Both known caspase cleavage products as well as novel cleavage products were identified using the database demonstrating the usefulness of the tool. (biomedcentral.com)
Pripper is not restricted to predicting only caspase cut sites, but it gives the possibility to scan protein sequences for any given motif(s) and predict cut sites once a suitable cut site prediction model for any other protease has been developed. (biomedcentral.com)
We have developed Pripper, a tool for reading an arbitrary number of proteins in FASTA format, predicting their caspase cleavage sites and outputting the cleaved sequences to a new FASTA format sequence file. (biomedcentral.com)
We show that Pripper is a valuable tool in identifying novel caspase target proteins from modern proteomics experiments. (biomedcentral.com)
Caspases mediate their effects through aspartate-specific cleavage of their target proteins, and several hundreds of caspase target proteins have been identified [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
The prediction of caspase cleavage sites from proteins is not a trivial task due to the heterogeneity of target sequences, and several different tools have been developed to predict caspase cleavage sites from individual proteins. (biomedcentral.com)
Active caspase identifies multiple molecules as substrates and cleaves them, leading to biological events associated with apoptosis. (caltagmedsystems.co.uk)
Caspase also recognises several structural proteins as substrates, leading to cleavage that is associated with distinct morphological changes in apoptotic cells, including chromatin condensation, nucleus fragmentation, and cytoplasmic integrity. (caltagmedsystems.co.uk)
MBLI 's APOPCYTO Caspase-3,8,9 Colorimetric Assay Kit detects caspase activity in cell extract with LEHD-pNA as a substrate, in which LEHD sequence is recognised by each active caspase selectively. (caltagmedsystems.co.uk)

Measured by its ability to inhibit papain cleavage of a fluorogenic peptide substrate Z-FR-AMC (Catalog # ES009 ). (rndsystems.com)

Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) are proteases that addition to cleaving SNAP-25, BoNT-C also cleaves syn- cleave specific cellular proteins essential for neurotransmit- taxin (1). (cdc.gov)
Nonstructural protein 5 (Nsp5) is the main protease of SARS-CoV-2 that cleaves viral polyproteins into individual polypeptides necessary for viral replication. (elifesciences.org)
Nsp5 cleaves TRMT1 at a specific position that matches the consensus sequence of SARS-CoV-2 polyprotein cleavage sites, and a single mutation within the sequence inhibits Nsp5-dependent proteolysis of TRMT1. (elifesciences.org)
I found TSEN cleaves a subset of mRNAs that encode mitochondrial localized proteins. (tmc.edu)
Unit definition: 1 unit of factor Xa cleaves 50 mg of test substrate to 95% completion in 6 hours or less. (venomsupplies.com)
The LC selectively cleaves a disease that is contracted by ingestion of food containing the neuronal proteins required for acetylcholine release. (cdc.gov)
Of the serotypes, only one, BoNT/C, administration of therapeutic immunoglobulin product and is most cleaves more than one specific protein. (cdc.gov)

The TAILS method has a number of applications including the identification of new substrates and proteases (including those that have an unknown and broad specificity) and as a way to define the termini of proteins that enables protein annotation. (wikipedia.org)
TAILS can also be used to link proteases with a variety of defined biological pathways in diseases such as cancer, in order to gain a clearer understanding of the substrates and proteases involved in the disease state. (wikipedia.org)
Inactivation of the proteases and protein denaturation and reduction. (wikipedia.org)
Using both functional and structural approaches we are focusing on how rhomboid proteases regulate cleavage of their substrates. (ualberta.ca)
SUMO precursor proteins undergo cleavage of the residues after the "GG" region by SUMO-specific proteases in maturation. (thermofisher.com)

CF stands for Carrier Free (CF). We typically add Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) as a carrier protein to our recombinant proteins. (rndsystems.com)
Adding a carrier protein enhances protein stability, increases shelf-life, and allows the recombinant protein to be stored at a more dilute concentration. (rndsystems.com)
In general, we advise purchasing the recombinant protein with BSA for use in cell or tissue culture, or as an ELISA standard. (rndsystems.com)
In molecular biology, recombinant proteins are frequently expressed fused to other proteins ("carrier"Â proteins), to correct purification. (venomsupplies.com)
Cleavage sites for sequence-specific proteinases are engineered between the leader protein and the recombinant protein. (venomsupplies.com)
Since notanarin is as efficient as and much less expensive than factor Xa, it as an excellent alternative in molecular biology recombinant protein cleavage kits. (venomsupplies.com)
Assay conditions: The recombinant fusion protein is dissolved in the digestion buffer (20 mM Tris-HCl, 100 mM NaCl, 2 mM CaCl2, pH 8.0). (venomsupplies.com)
In this report, we conducted mass spectrometric analysis of the N-glycosylation profiles of recombinant spike proteins derived from four common SARS-CoV-2 variants classified as Variant of Concern, including Alpha, Beta, Gamma, and Delta along with D614G variant spike as a control. (cdc.gov)

Both Furin and Onchocerca volvulus Blisterase will cleave peptide substrates with the sequence, Arg-X- (Lys/Arg)-Arg. (neb.com)
This peptide has an optimized sequence for MMP-7, with the cleavage occuring at the Ala-Leu bond. (anaspec.com)
We identified some sequence and localization requirements for TSEN targets but it is likely other factors play a role in substrate recognition such as structure of the mRNA target. (tmc.edu)
In addition to possessing identical sequence specificity of cleavage (Ile-Glu-Gly-Arg ) to factor Xa on prothrombin, the macromolecular physiological substrate, notanarin also specifically hydrolyzes a number of factor Xa-specific chromogenic substrates such as CH3SO2-D-leucyl-glycyl-L-arginine-p-nitroanilide and N-benzoyl-L-isoleucyl-L-glutamyl-(piperidyl)-glycyl-L-arginyl-p-nitroanilide hydrochloride. (venomsupplies.com)
The SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (S) is a prime example, having 22 potential sites of N-glycosylation per protein protomer, as predicted from the primary sequence. (cdc.gov)

This reaction is catalyzed by sodium cyanoborohydride and attaches the labeled methyl groups to lysine-amines and the free (∝)- amino groups at the N-termini of the proteins and protease cleavage products. (wikipedia.org)

Terminal amine isotopic labeling of substrates (TAILS) is a method in quantitative proteomics that identifies the protein content of samples based on N-terminal fragments of each protein (N-terminal peptides) and detects differences in protein abundance among samples. (wikipedia.org)
Like other methods based on N-terminal peptides, this assay uses trypsin to break proteins into fragments and separates the N-terminal peptides (the fragments containing the N-termini of the original proteins) from the other fragments (internal tryptic peptides). (wikipedia.org)
Alternative methods that rely on the free amino group of the N-terminus to identify the N-terminal peptides cannot detect some N-termini because they are "naturally blocked" (i.e. the natural protein does not have a free amino group). (wikipedia.org)
However, it identifies ~ 50% of proteins by two or more different and unique peptides (one of the original mature N-terminus and/or one or more neo-N-terminal peptide via cleavage site) that do not represent independent biological events thus cannot be averaged for quantification[clarification needed]. (wikipedia.org)
The labeled N-termini of the original proteins remain blocked, while the new internal tryptic peptides have a free N-terminus. (wikipedia.org)
Mice receiving the appropriate anti-BoNT serotype anti- a unique cleavage site on a unique peptide, the mass-spe- body are asymptomatic and survive, while mice treated cific product peptides detected by mass spectrometry dif- with the other serotype antibodies show symptoms of botu- ferentiate active BoNT serotypes. (cdc.gov)
Substrate peptides that lism (4). (cdc.gov)
Cleavage of pNA peptides by caspases generates pNA that is monitored colorimetrically at ~405 nm. (eurogentec.com)
NS3-4A is a serine protease and associated co-factor which is involved in postranslational processing, and small peptides derived from the N-terminal cleavage products of its substrate have been shown to competitively inhibit the protease and thus has emerged as a primary target for directed antivirals known as protease inhibitors. (slideserve.com)

Activity is regulated on two levels: overall activity and substrate specificity (as only one RNR catalyses the reduction of all four ribonucleotides under given physiological conditions). (lu.se)
dNTP products regulate the enzyme's specificity for the NTP or NDP substrates. (lu.se)
We have been able to explain how conformational changes a loop spanning the dimer interface communicate the substrate specificity signal to the active site for the class II RNR. (lu.se)

These proteins can be present in a cell as single molecules (monomers) or as a group of several chaperone molecules (oligomers). (elifesciences.org)
Collectively, MMPs can degrade all kinds of extracellular matrix proteins, and can also process a number of bioactive molecules. (anaspec.com)
Its substrates comprise several molecules central to structural synaptic plasticity, and studies in rodents have documented its role in cognition and the behavioral and neurobiological response to stress. (preprints.org)
Any member of the class of enzymes that catalyze the cleavage of the substrate and the addition of water to the resulting molecules, e.g. (bvsalud.org)

1 unit is defined as the amount of enzyme required to cleave 25 µg of a MBP-FN-paramyosin-ΔSal substrate to 95% completion in 6 hours at 25°C in a total reaction volume of 25 µl. (neb.com)
However, the ability of either enzyme to cleave a particular protein substrate depends on its tertiary structure as well as on the amino acids immediately surrounding the cleavage site (6). (neb.com)
Serum proteins can bind more tightly to the 17E DNAzyme complex than to the single-stranded substrate or enzyme. (uwaterloo.ca)
The tests used for protein C testing can include enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), chromogenic assays, and the activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT)-based functional protein C assay. (medscape.com)
Similar movements were observed for the class III enzyme but the full picture has still not been obtained as substrates were not observed to bind to the active site in this system. (lu.se)

Cells carefully regulate the levels of chaperone proteins. (elifesciences.org)
Although studies suggest that αSyn and its missense mutant, A53T, preferentially accumulate in the mitochondria, the mechanisms by which αSyn and mitochondrial proteins regulate each other to trigger mitochondrial and neuronal toxicity are poorly understood. (springer.com)

Chromogenic assays can detect low levels of protein C with high sensitivity and can detect most functional defects. (medscape.com)
Similarly, the chromogenic assay is not dependent on the presence of protein S. (medscape.com)

Research projects include studies of viral molecular genetics and host cell genes and proteins involved in the pathogenesis of disease. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
DEC-205 (CD205), a member of the macrophage mannose receptor protein family, is the prototypic endocytic receptor of dendritic cells, whose ligands include phosphorothioated cytosine-guanosine (CpG) oligonucleotides, a motif often seen in bacterial or viral DNA. (uci.edu)
The structural proteins processed by the endoplasmic reticulum include the core protein (which forms the viral nucleocapsid), the envelope proteins (E1 and E2, which form the viral envelope). (slideserve.com)
The p7 protein is thought to have an important role in viral particle maturation and release. (slideserve.com)
Detailed site-specific glycan analysis of a wide variety of SARS-CoV-2 variants provides useful information toward the understanding of the role of protein glycosylation on viral protein structure and function and development of effective vaccines and therapeutics. (cdc.gov)

Comparison of crystal structures of the ribozyme in the pre- and post-cleavage states reveals a significant conformational change in the RNA after cleavage and that a catalytically critical divalent metal ion from the active site is ejected. (rcsb.org)
They also characterized the stability of RAG:RSS post-cleavage complexes and observed that although the signal and coding ends of an RSS are released following SJ-stimulated cleavage, the RAG proteins remain stably associated with the SJ. (aacrjournals.org)

Nsp3 is contained within pp1a and releases itself from the polyprotein through self-cleavage. (elifesciences.org)

5. HCV Genome: Polyprotein HCV contains a positive sense RNA genome of approximately 9600 bases, codes for a single polyprotein precursor of about 3000 amino acides that is co- and posttranslationally cleaved into structural and nonstructural proteins. (slideserve.com)

General acid-base catalysis, substrate destabilization and global and local conformational changes have all been proposed to contribute to the ribozyme catalytic mechanism. (rcsb.org)
The HDV ribozyme has remarkable chemical similarity to protein ribonucleases and to zymogens for which conformational dynamics are integral to biological activity. (rcsb.org)
An induced conformational change exposes a cleavage site (S2) for ADAM family metalloproteases that cleave Notch at an extracellular, membrane-proximal region. (mskcc.org)
Burger V., Arenas D., Stultz CM. A Structure-free Method for Quantifying Conformational Flexibility in proteins. (mit.edu)
Two additional events occur as a consequence of bait region cleavage, namely (i) the h-cysteinyl-g-glutamyl thiol ester becomes highly reactive and (ii) a major conformational change exposes a conserved COOH-terminal receptor binding domain [ ( PUBMED:2469470 ) ] (RBD). (embl.de)

Proteins are composed of long chains of amino acids that fold on themselves to form three-dimensional structures. (elifesciences.org)
The issuance of this patent confirms CST's leadership in the development of new technology for the elucidation and detection of signal transduction proteins relevant to human disease,' said Chief Executive Officer Michael J. Comb, Ph.D. "The method is a vast improvement over the use of modified amino acids as immunogens and produces antibodies that are focused on fixed residues yet broadly tolerant at variable positions. (cellsignal.com)
Studies of amino acids in the motif have revealed that the motif is only moderately conserved between target proteins of different caspases. (biomedcentral.com)

Purification of individual SARS-CoV-2 proteins from human cells have identified a potential interaction between a catalytic-inactive version of Nsp5 with human tRNA methyltransferase 1 (TRMT1) ( Gordon et al , 2020b ). (elifesciences.org)

Dilute Substrate to 200 µM in Assay Buffer. (rndsystems.com)
The aPTT-based functional protein C assay may yield misleadingly low protein C levels in the presence of (1) a factor V Leiden mutation and some other causes of activated protein C resistance, (2) elevated plasma factor VIII levels, or (3) hyperlipidemia. (medscape.com)

Radical SAM enzymes are characterized by a conserved CxxxCxxC motif, which coordinates the conserved iron-sulfur cluster that is involved in the reductive cleavage of SAM and generates a 5'-deoxyadenosyl radical, which in turn abstracts a hydrogen from the appropriately positioned carbon atom of the substrate. (nih.gov)

2015) Critical Roles for Two Hydrophobic Residues within Human Glucose Transporter 9 (hSLC2A9) Affecting Substrate Selectivity and the Energetics of Urate Transport J Biol Chem. (ualberta.ca)
Caspases are activated upon cleavage at aspartate residues during the earliest stages of apoptosis. (bdbiosciences.com)

Our results indicate that the active factor is either a high molecular weight protein or protein complex and is not the respiratory protein hemocyanin. (nature.com)
Kirkham and colleagues identify a molecular mechanism that generates the substrates for end donation reactions, an erroneous V(D)J recombination reaction, where broken recombination signal sequences (RSS) become joined with independently generated double-strand breaks (DSB). (aacrjournals.org)
The key step in the reaction mechanism of multicopper oxidases (MCOs)--the cleavage of the O-O bond in O2--has been investigated using combined quantum mechanical and molecular mechanical (QM/MM) methods. (lu.se)
One of the key molecular events in skin sensitization is protein haptenation, i.e. the chemical modification of self-skin protein(s) thus forming macromolecular immunogens. (cdc.gov)

Substrate-bound factor(s) from central nervous system-conditioned media also had a synergistic effect with laminin, suggesting a possible cooperation between humoral proteins and nervous system extracellular matrix. (nature.com)

Imperiali B. Perturbing the folding energy landscape of the bacterial immunity protein Im7 by site-specific N-linked glycosylation. (mit.edu)
N-Glycosylation plays an important role in the structure and function of membrane and secreted proteins. (cdc.gov)
Our data reveal that the amino acid substitutions and deletions between variants impact the abundance and type of glycans on glycosylation sites of the spike protein. (cdc.gov)

Since direct fluorescence monitoring is difficult due to the opacity of serum, denaturing and nondenaturing gel electrophoresis were combined for studying the interaction between serum proteins and DNAzymes. (uwaterloo.ca)

They are known to be involved in the cleavage of cell surface receptors, the release of apoptotic ligands, and chemokine/cytokine inactivation. (anaspec.com)
In particular, we will discuss the modifications in intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathways caused by proteins encoded by HPV early genes. (mdpi.com)
Caspases, a class of proteins found to be universally important in inducing apoptosis, were found to be activated in apoptotic CHO cells. (mit.edu)

Title : Ferromagnetic nanoparticles with peroxidase-like activity enhance the cleavage of biological macromolecules for biofilm elimination Personal Author(s) : Gao, Lizeng;Giglio, Krista M.;Nelson, Jacquelyn L.;Sondermann, Holger;Travis, Alexander J. (cdc.gov)

SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins have peripheral disulfide bonds (S-S), which are common in all spike proteins of SARS-CoV-2 variants, in other types of coronaviruses ( e.g. (rsc.org)
Walker S., Ullman O., Stultz CM. Using Intramolecular Disulfide Bonds in Tau Protein to Deduce Structural Features of Aggregation-resistant Conformations. (mit.edu)

The structures of the spike proteins (S1 and S2) of most of the coronaviruses, including SARS-CoV-2 ( Fig. 1a(i) ), revealed that these proteins possess multiple disulfide (S-S) bonds. (rsc.org)
For example, the spike proteins (S1 and S2) of SARS-CoV-2 contain 14 S-S bonds in well-defined regions, with 10 S-S bridges in the S1 subunit. (rsc.org)

SUMO (small ubiquitin-related modifier), a member of the ubiquitin-like protein family, regulates diverse cellular functions of a variety of target proteins including transcription, DNA repair, nucleocytoplasmic trafficking and chromosome segregation. (thermofisher.com)

This group is composed of Mycobacterium tuberculosis putative mycofactocin radical SAM maturase MftC and similar proteins. (nih.gov)

A thrombin-generation-based test has also been shown to detect protein C deficiency. (medscape.com)

Many proteins are made in a compartment within the cell called the endoplasmic reticulum and 'chaperone' proteins help them fold correctly. (elifesciences.org)
This leads to an increase in the number of unfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum and so the cell increases the levels of chaperone proteins to cope with this. (elifesciences.org)
used biochemical techniques to study how an Hsp70 protein in the endoplasmic reticulum called BiP forms oligomers. (elifesciences.org)

Thus, the principle of protein or peptide haptenation could be used in in vitro assays to predict the sensitization potential of a new chemical entity. (cdc.gov)

Previous research has suggested that the chaperone proteins in oligomers are inactive, but the oligomers may be rapidly broken down into monomers when the cell needs to fold more proteins. (elifesciences.org)
However, when the levels of unfolded proteins rise, cells can rapidly break up these oligomers to make active monomers that help to deal with the excess numbers of unfolded proteins. (elifesciences.org)
SENP1, SENP2 and SENP3 degrade UBL1 and SMT3H2 conjugates and subsequently release the monomers from sumoylated substrates. (thermofisher.com)

However, over the same period protein kinases have rapidly become one of the most significant classes of drug targets for the pharmaceutical industry, with the global market for kinase therapies being about US$15 billion per annum in 2010 and this value is predicted to double by 2020 (3). (ddw-online.com)

In this work, we carefully studied a few key aspects of the 17E DNAzyme in human blood serum, including hybridization, cleavage activity, and degradation kinetics. (uwaterloo.ca)
Degradation of both the substrate and the DNAzyme strand is very slow in serum, especially at room temperature. (uwaterloo.ca)
As TSEN is involved in mRNA decay through the TED pathway, I wondered what enzymes could be involved in the degradation of these cleavage products. (tmc.edu)

About 1 mg can be used to cleave 25 mg of protein). (venomsupplies.com)

The presence of the interdomain linker makes it more difficult for unfolded proteins to bind. (elifesciences.org)
Human alpha(2)-macroglobulin-proteinase complexes bind to their receptor, the lowdensity lipoprotein receptor-related protein (LRP), through a discrete138-residue C-terminal receptor binding domain (RBD), which also binds to thebeta-amyloid peptide. (embl.de)

These results establish that CREG is a lysosomal protein that undergoes proteolytic maturation in the course of its biosynthesis, carries the M6P recognition marker and depends on the interaction with M6P receptors for efficient delivery to lysosomes. (boku.ac.at)

Human cells infected with SARS-CoV-2 exhibit a decrease in TRMT1 protein levels and TRMT1-catalyzed tRNA modifications, consistent with TRMT1 cleavage and inactivation by Nsp5. (elifesciences.org)

ATP-dependent Clp protease (ClpP), a mitochondrial matrix protease, plays an important role in regulating mitochondrial protein turnover and bioenergetics activity. (springer.com)
Deficiency in ClpP induces an overload of mitochondrial misfolded/unfolded proteins, suppresses mitochondrial respiratory activity, increases mitochondrial oxidative damage and causes cell death. (springer.com)

Crystal structures often deviate from the natural system: Proteins, especially membrane-bound ones, do not necessarily crystallize in their biologically active structures and the measures needed to obtain suitable GPCR crystals tend to increase the diversity between the natural environment and the crystal. (gauss-centre.eu)

In our search for potentially tumour-suppressive M6P/IGF2R interaction partners, we identified an essentially uncharacterized M6P-modified protein previously named Cellular Repressor of E1A-stimulated Genes (CREG). (boku.ac.at)

Despite substantial advances in elucidating how the γ-secretase complex functions, the effect of the local membrane lipid microenvironment on γ-secretase spatial distribution and cleavage of substrates is still poorly understood. (mskcc.org)
We aim to characterize the partitioning of γ-secretase and its substrates, Notch and APP, using solid supported membranes of various lipid compositions. (mskcc.org)
Lipid-specific oligomerization of the Marburg virus matrix protein VP40 is regulated by two distinct interfaces for virion assembly. (uci.edu)
FLIM-FRET analysis of protein-protein interactions showed that PLIN5 S155 phosphorylation regulates PLIN5 interaction with adipose triglyceride lipase at the lipid droplet, but not with α-β hydrolase domain-containing 5. (uci.edu)

To gain more insights into the physiological functions of CREG, we have performed knock-down experiments in D . melanogaste r and found that depletion of this protein leads to severe developmental defects. (boku.ac.at)

The two candidate substrates are the amyloid precursor protein (APP) in axons and tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 (TNFR1) on macrophages , which infiltrate injured nerves and clear the inhibitory myelin debris. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
This cleavage of the precursor is a prerequisite for subsequent sumoylation. (thermofisher.com)

Linder D., Gurry T., Stultz CM. Towards a Consensus in Protein Structure Nomenclature. (mit.edu)

These findings provide evidence that Nsp5-dependent cleavage of TRMT1 and perturbation of tRNA modification patterns contribute to the cellular pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 infection. (elifesciences.org)

Fisher C., Ullman O., Stultz CM., Comparative Studies of Disordered Proteins with Similar Sequences: Application to AB40 and AB42. (mit.edu)

This ensures that the samples are treated identically at all subsequent steps allowing the relative quantities of the proteins in the two samples to be more accurately measured. (wikipedia.org)

L ike protein phosphorylation by kinases, protein ubiquitylation regulates many aspects of cell function and provides a wealth of drug target opportunities across many therapeutic areas including cancer, cardiovascular, metabolism, inflammation, neurodegeneration and infectious diseases. (ddw-online.com)

1 site on a specific protein. (cdc.gov)
These were found to consist of adjacent protomers engaging the interdomain linker of one molecule in the substrate binding site of another, attenuating the chaperone function of oligomeric BiP. (elifesciences.org)
The 3 × 10 −4 G 0 level is attributed to a single SARS-CoV-2 protein connecting to the two STM Au nano-electrodes from the receptor binding domain (RBD) subunit and the S1/S2 cleavage site. (rsc.org)
8 The SARS-CoV-2 spike protein S1 is composed of three domains, the receptor binding domain (RBD) that contains 4 S-S bridges, the N-terminal domain (NTD) that contains 3 S-S bridges and the S1/S2 cleavage site that contains 3 S-S bridges ( Fig. 1a(iii) ). (rsc.org)
In the resulting aM-protease complex, the active site of the protease is sterically shielded, thus substantially decreasing access to protein substrates. (embl.de)
We continue to try to obtain substrate binding to the active site of class III RNRs. (lu.se)
Furthermore, vacuum calculations on a smaller model of the active site have allowed us to estimate the entropy contributions to the barrier height and to obtain further insight into the reaction by comparing the small cluster model with the QM/MM model, which includes the entire protein. (lu.se)
In comparison with our previously reported site-specific glycan analysis on the S-D614G and its ancestral protein, glycan types on later variants showed high similarity on the site-specific glycan content to S-D614G. (cdc.gov)

Autophagy, a highly regulated pathway, is entered by cells under various conditions including starvation, protein misfolding and oxidative stress. (mskcc.org)
In mammals, transport of CREG to these compartments was shown to rely on the M6P receptor pathway as typical for soluble lysosomal proteins. (boku.ac.at)
Trl1 can also act downstream of endonuclease decay in the TED pathway by phosphorylating the 5' end of TSEN cleavage products. (tmc.edu)

CST uses peptide libraries as immunogens to produce antibodies reactive against short linear phosphorylated motifs present in many different proteins. (cellsignal.com)

This breaks each protein into fragments. (wikipedia.org)
The TRMT1 cleavage fragments exhibit altered RNA binding activity and are unable to rescue tRNA modification in TRMT1-deficient human cells. (elifesciences.org)

This raised the possibility that asymmetric cleavage events by complexes containing RAG and the excised genomic DNA [the excised signal circle (ESC)] could generate potential substrates for end donation reactions by causing double-strand break formation and leading to potential translocation events. (aacrjournals.org)
More recently we have probed the allosteric regulation of class II and class III RNRs by solving the structures of complexes with several combinations of allosteric effector and substrate [2,5]. (lu.se)

In vivo and in vitro analysis determine TSEN recognizes an A before its cleavage sites. (tmc.edu)

A lower 4 × 10 −6 G 0 conductance is attributed to the spike protein connecting to the STM electrodes from the RBD subunit and the N-terminal domain (NTD). (rsc.org)

Anatomy19

Organisms7

Chemicals and Drugs141

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment27

Phenomena and Processes63

Information Science4

Health Care2

Proteolytic cleavage4

Intracellular7

Caspase18

Fluorogenic peptide substrate1

Cleaves7

Proteases5

Recombinant8

Sequence5

Protease cleavage1

Peptides9

Specificity3

Molecules4

Enzyme5

Regulate2

Chromogenic2

Viral5

Post-cleavage2

Self-cleavage1

Nonstructural proteins1

Conformational5

Amino acids3

Purification1

Assay2

Reductive1

Residues2

Molecular4

Extracellular1

Glycosylation3

Serum proteins1

Apoptotic3

Macromolecules1

Disulfide bonds2

Spike proteins2

Target proteins1

Similar proteins1

Thrombin1

Endoplasmic reticulum3

Assays1

Monomers3

Kinase1

Degradation3

Cleave 251

Bind2

Maturation1

Inactivation1

Mitochondrial2

Membrane-bound1

Genes1

Lipid4

Physiological1

Precursor2

Consensus1

Cellular1

Sequences1

Subsequent1

Regulates1

Site8

Pathway3

Reactive1

Fragments2

Complexes2

Vitro1

Subunit1