Clathrin to receptors. Medical search. Frequent questions

Receptor-mediated endocytosis (RME), also called clathrin-mediated endocytosis, is a process by which cells absorb metabolites, hormones, proteins - and in some cases viruses - by the inward budding of the plasma membrane (invagination). (wikipedia.org)
Although receptors and their ligands can be brought into the cell through a few mechanisms (e.g. caveolin and lipid raft), clathrin-mediated endocytosis remains the best studied. (wikipedia.org)
Clathrin-mediated endocytosis of many receptor types begins with the ligands binding to receptors on the cell plasma membrane. (wikipedia.org)
The function of receptor-mediated endocytosis is diverse. (wikipedia.org)
The role of receptor-mediated endocytosis is well recognized up take downregulation of transmembrane signal transduction but can also promote sustained signal transduction. (wikipedia.org)
However, receptor-mediated endocytosis is also actively implicated in transducing signals from the cell periphery to the nucleus. (wikipedia.org)
This became apparent when it was found that the association and formation of specific signaling complexes via clathrin-mediated endocytosis is required for the effective signaling of hormones (e.g. (wikipedia.org)
The development of photoswitchable peptide inhibitors of protein-protein interactions involved in clathrin-mediated endocytosis (Traffic Lights peptides) and photoswitchable small molecule inhibitors of dynamin (Dynazos) has been reported. (wikipedia.org)
Picture shows translocation, pore formation, receptor mediated endocytosis using clathrin coated vesicles and membrane fusion. (rkm.com.au)
3. NAKED VIRUS - ENDOCYTOSIS: virus attaches to cell surface receptor molecules and sinks into a clathrin coated pit. (rkm.com.au)
4. ENVELOPED VIRUS - ENDOCYTOSIS & MEMBRANE FUSION: virus enters cell by receptor mediated endocytosis. (rkm.com.au)
Regulation of Clathrin-Mediated Endocytosis. (nih.gov)
Cells constitutively utilize several distinct mechanisms of endocytosis, including clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) for the internalization of receptor-bound macromolecules such as Transferrin Receptor (TfR), and distinct mechanism(s) that mediate the majority of fluid-phase endocytosis. (plos.org)
Fekri F, Delos Santos RC, Karshafian R, Antonescu CN (2016) Ultrasound Microbubble Treatment Enhances Clathrin-Mediated Endocytosis and Fluid-Phase Uptake through Distinct Mechanisms. (plos.org)
Dynamin and clathrin inhibitors suppressed endocytosis, signaling and hyperexcitability. (dtic.mil)
The QDs associate with scavenger receptors and also are internalized via clathrin dependent endocytosis. (cdc.gov)
Conserved proteins drive clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME), which universally involves a burst of actin assembly. (biorxiv.org)
Clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) takes up nutrients, regulates responses to extracellular stimuli, and controls the chemical composition and surface area of the plasma membrane. (biorxiv.org)
The effects after PNP administration were similar but additionally resulted in increased clathrin expression and increased endocytosis of dextran. (harvard.edu)
The LDL receptor binds LDL and transports it into cells by acidic endocytosis. (embl.de)
One important model for mechanistic studies of endocytosis in C. elegans focuses on oocytes, which internalize huge quantities of yolk proteins and their associated lipids by clathrin-mediated endocytosis ( Grant and Hirsh, 1999 ). (wormbook.org)
Trafficking of yolk and yolk receptors also depends critically upon the activities of the endocytic Rab proteins RAB-5 , RAB-7 , and RAB-11 , known modulators of endocytosis in all eukaryotes ( Grant and Hirsh, 1999 ). (wormbook.org)
Mechanism of clathrin-dependent endocytosis. (wormbook.org)
In the absence of neurons, the major myelin membrane protein, the proteolipid protein (PLP), is internalized and stored in late endosomes/lysosomes (LEs/Ls) by a cholesterol-dependent and clathrin-independent endocytosis pathway that requires actin and the RhoA guanosine triphosphatase. (rupress.org)
Binding to galectin-1 at the extracellular surface prevents clathrin-mediated endocytosis of ROMK1 and leads to accumulation of functional channel on the plasma membrane. (aspetjournals.org)
The absorption of LMW proteins occurs in the PTC through clathrin-mediated endocytosis via 2 multiligand receptors (megalin and cubilin) present in the PTC apical border. (medscape.com)
Megalin is internalized by endocytosis and delivered to vacuolar endosomes, which then sort megalin into recycling tubules and deliver it back to the plasma membrane, thus keeping an abundant number of megalin receptors at the apical surface of PTC for further endocytosis and recycling. (medscape.com)

Using fluorescent or EM visible dyes to tag specific molecules in living cells, it is possible to follow the internalization of cargo molecules and the evolution of a clathrin-coated pit by fluorescence microscopy and immuno electron microscopy. (wikipedia.org)
Endocytic internalization of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) plays a critical role in down-regulation of GPCR signaling. (elsevierpure.com)
The yeast mating pheromone receptor Ste2p has been used as a model to investigate mechanisms of signal transduction, modification, and endocytic internalization of GPCRs. (elsevierpure.com)
The surface expression of G protein-coupled receptors is regulated by internalization. (bath.ac.uk)
For many receptors, a constitutive level of internalization in the absence of agonist has been reported. (bath.ac.uk)
The constitutive internalization of metabotropic glutamate receptor 1a (mGluR1a) has been described, but in general little attention has been dedicated to this important aspect of receptor regulation. (bath.ac.uk)
This observation, besides indicating the arrestin- and clathrin-dependence of mGluR1a constitutive internalization, also confirmed the physiological relevance of the method described in this article. (bath.ac.uk)
Given the critical nature of receptor internalization and endosomal signaling for FSHR activity, we assessed whether these compounds exhibit differential abilities to alter receptor endosomal trafficking and signaling within the VEE. (frontiersin.org)
All compounds exhibited a similar requirement for receptor internalization to increase cAMP and proportion of FSHR endosomes with active Gαs, suggesting regulation of cAMP signaling induced by T1 may be altered. (frontiersin.org)
RME-2 contains a typical NPXY internalization motif in its intracellular domain that is known to direct other members of the LDL-receptor family into clathrin-coated pits. (wormbook.org)
The platelet P2Y(12) purinoceptor (P2Y(12)R), which plays a crucial role in hemostasis, undergoes internalization and subsequent recycling to maintain receptor responsiveness, processes that are essential for normal platelet function. (unimi.it)
In cell line models, removal of this sequence or mutation of one of its core residues (P341A), attenuates receptor internalization and receptor recycling back to the membrane, thereby blocking receptor resensitization. (unimi.it)

In order to be internalized, the receptor-ligand complex must first cluster into clathrin-coated pits. (embl.de)
Many receptors and their associated ligands cluster into clathrin-coated pits by association with clathrin adaptor proteins such as the four-subunit complex AP2. (wormbook.org)

The ligand and receptor will then recruit adaptor proteins and clathrin triskelions to the plasma membrane around where invagination will take place. (wikipedia.org)
A mature pit will be cleaved from the plasma membrane through the use of membrane-binding and fission proteins such as dynamin (as well as other BAR domain proteins), forming a clathrin-coated vesicle that then uncoats of clathrin and typically fuses to a sorting endosome. (wikipedia.org)
In separate work, my team identified a set of secreted proteins overexpressed in the tumor microenvironment, and developed antibodies to block their cognate receptors for therapeutic gain. (gene.com)
Viral Entry The envelope proteins of HCV form a heterodimer which helps binding the hepatitis C virus to the receptors present on the hepatocytes membrane. (bartleby.com)
Other homologous domains occur in related receptors, including the very low-density lipoprotein receptor and the LDL receptor-related protein/alpha 2-macroglobulin receptor, and in proteins which are functionally unrelated, such as the C9 component of complement. (embl.de)
To keep CGRP receptors out of endosomes, the researchers inhibited clathrin and dynamin, two proteins that are important for substances entering cells. (futurity.org)
The LDL particles are bound to long receptor molecules on the cell surface, which then associate with adaptor proteins and clathrin on the inner side of the membrane. (rcsb.org)
Among these diverse features, it should be acknowledged that auto-antibodies toward glutamate receptors, GABA receptors, and K + channel-related proteins are preferentially found in autoimmune limbic encephalitis but not in IMCAs [ 10 ] (Table 1 ). (springer.com)
The canonical TGFβ signalling pathway involves ligand-dependent assembly of a heteromeric receptor complex, receptor-kinase activation and subsequent phosphorylation and activation of SMAD proteins, which are transcriptional regulators that consequently accumulate in the nucleus. (nature.com)
The repeat is found in a variety of proteins that include, vitellogenin receptor from Drosophila melanogaster, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor [ ( PUBMED:6091915 ) ], preproepidermal growth factor, and nidogen (entactin). (embl.de)

Invagination of the plasma membrane then occurs, forming a clathrin-coated pit. (wikipedia.org)
One possible mechanism to explain this observation is that a pool of pre-assembled AMPA receptors can be moved from an intracellular compartment to the postsynaptic membrane. (jneurosci.org)
It is responsible for the uptake of transmembrane receptors and transporters , for remodeling plasma membrane composition in response to environmental changes, and for regulating cell surface signaling. (nih.gov)
The grant seeks to determine whether G protein-coupled receptors GPCRs in endosomes, rather than at the plasma membrane, are mediators and therapeutic targets for chronic pain. (dtic.mil)
The interferon-α/β receptor (IFNAR) is a virtually ubiquitous membrane receptor which binds endogenous type I interferon (IFN) cytokines. (wikidoc.org)
low density lipoprotein (LDL) glycosaminoglycan's (GAGs), and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) receptors are also involved in enhancing the binding of the HCV virus to the membrane. (bartleby.com)
Membrane trafficking of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) tightly orchestrates the signaling from this superfamily of signaling receptors. (frontiersin.org)
Clathrin adaptors in turn bind to the clathrin lattice which is thought to provide the force required to deform the membrane into a curved bud. (wormbook.org)
Many receptors then recycle to the plasma membrane either directly or indirectly via recycling endosomes. (wormbook.org)
Clathrin and cargo molecules are assembled into clathrin-coated pits on the plasma membrane together with an adaptor complex called AP-2 that links clathrin with transmembrane receptors, concluding in the formation of mature clathrin-coated vesicles (CCVs). (wormbook.org)
Clathrin light chain diversity regulates membrane deformation in vitro and synaptic vesicle formation in vivo. (academictree.org)

The activated receptor becomes internalised and is transported to late endosomes and lysosomes for degradation. (wikipedia.org)
Therapies include dynamin and clathrin inhibitors lipid-conjugated antagonists that accumulate in endosomes antagonists encapsulated into nanoparticles that disassemble in acidic endosomes. (dtic.mil)
Within endosomes, the CGRP receptor continues to signal for prolonged periods of time. (futurity.org)
This new understanding of how pain originates inside Schwann cells gave the researchers two ideas for treating migraine pain: stopping the CGRP receptor from entering endosomes in the first place, or using nanoparticles to send drugs targeting the CGRP receptor in endosomes. (futurity.org)
In Schwann cells, the nanoparticles carried the drug into endosomes and blocked the CGRP receptor, which strongly inhibited migraine pain. (futurity.org)
In early endosomes some ligand-receptor complexes dissociate due to the reduced pH of the endosomal lumen. (wormbook.org)
The OCRL1 protein is an inositol polyphosphate 5-phosphatase primarily located in the trans- Golgi network (TGN), on endosomes, and at the endocytic clathrin coated pits. (medscape.com)
OCRL1 has been localized to the trans -Golgi network and various compartments of the endocytic pathway (traffic), where it is found in the clathrin-coated pits, clathrin-coated vesicles, variable functioning endosomes (early, signaling, recycling), and the basal body of primary cilia. (medscape.com)

Ligands of the transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) superfamily of growth factors initiate signal transduction through a bewildering complexity of ligand-receptor interactions. (nature.com)
Figure 1: Ligands, receptors and SMADs. (nature.com)

This process forms vesicles containing the absorbed substances and is strictly mediated by receptors on the surface of the cell. (wikipedia.org)
Clathrin assembles into geodesic structures that drive the formation of vesicles from cellular membranes. (rcsb.org)

Our contributions to elucidating the mechanisms of apoptosis led to clinical investigation of a novel class of molecules called Pro-Apoptotic Receptor Agonists, and aided in the advancement of apoptosis-promoting cancer medicines such as venclexta. (gene.com)
Cell surface CTLA4 has 100-1,000 times higher affinity for the costimulatory molecules expressed by antigen-presenting cells, thereby efficiently competing with the positive costimulatory receptor CD28 ( 1 ). (snmjournals.org)
The engagement of CTLA4 by costimulatory molecules results in decreased T-cell receptor signaling, interleukin 2 transcription ( 3 ), and cell cycle arrest at the G1 stage, with the final result of inducing T-cell anergy ( 4 , 5 ). (snmjournals.org)

The autoantigens include glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 (GAD65), voltage-gated Ca 2+ channel (VGCC), metabotropic glutamate receptor type 1 (mGluR1), and glutamate receptor delta (GluRdelta). (springer.com)

The expression of megalin, a receptor involved in albumin uptake, was also increased, but AQP1 expression was unaffected. (harvard.edu)
[ 3 ] Proteomic analysis of urine from patients with Lowe syndrome typically show low levels of megalin and cubilin denoting a decrease in the number of these multiligand receptors in the PTC. (medscape.com)
Complete cloning and sequencing of rat gp330/"megalin," a distinctive member of the low density lipoprotein receptor gene family. (embl.de)

The pit invaginates and finally closes off creating a clathrin coated vesicle (drawn as a cage like sphere) and so the contained virus particle is drawn into the cytoplasm. (rkm.com.au)
The clathrin molecular cage soon dissociates into component triskelions (the propeller like objects) which leave a vesicle. (rkm.com.au)
The large GTPase dynamin is then involved in pinching off the coated pit to form a clathrin-coated vesicle. (wormbook.org)

Inside the cell (right), look for three-armed clathrin triskelions, two actin filaments and many soluble enzymes. (rcsb.org)

Ionotropic glutamate receptors (iGluRs) are the principal excitatory neurotransmitter receptors in the CNS. (jneurosci.org)

We also found that the clathrin adaptors Ent1p, Ent2p, and Ede1p work cooperatively to recruit ubiquitinated Ste2p to CCPs. (elsevierpure.com)

Follicle-stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR) is a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) with pivotal roles in reproduction. (frontiersin.org)

Once fused, the endocytosed cargo (receptor and/or ligand) can then be sorted to lysosomal, recycling, or other trafficking pathways. (wikipedia.org)
Here, we identify recruitment of Ste2p to preexisting clathrin-coated pits (CCPs) as a key step regulated by receptor phosphorylation and subsequent ubiquitination upon ligand binding. (elsevierpure.com)
Type I IFN receptor forms a ternary complex, composed of its two subunits IFNAR1 and IFNAR2, and a type I IFN ligand. (wikidoc.org)
Ligand binding to either subunit is required for and precedes dimerization and activation of the receptor. (wikidoc.org)
[7] Each type I IFN ligand contains a "hotspot", or a sequence of conserved amino acids that are involved in binding to the receptor, specifically the high affinity receptor IFNAR2, which determines the affinity of each ligand for the receptor. (wikidoc.org)
Structural analysis of type I IFN receptor with different type I IFN ligand subtypes revealed a similar binding site for the different agonists. (wikidoc.org)
Incorporation of the azobenzene derivative gluazo, a synthetic photochromic ligand, into a kainate receptor allows for the optical control of neuronal activity. (cipsm.de)

The low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) is the major cholesterol-carrying lipoprotein of plasma, acting to regulate cholesterol homeostasis in mammalian cells. (embl.de)

Cysteine-rich repeat in the low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor that plays a central role in mammalian cholesterol metabolism. (embl.de)

The adaptor protein GULP promotes Jedi-1-mediated phagocytosis through a clathrin-dependent mechanism. (academictree.org)

SMAD phosphorylation by active receptors, and constitutive SMAD dephosphorylation by nuclear phosphatases, are coupled through nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of SMADs. (nature.com)
Once a T cell is activated through its T-cell receptor, downstream T-cell receptor signaling through Src kinases results in tyrosine phosphorylation of CTLA4 and the uncoupling of CTLA4 from AP50, allowing its surface expression, which peaks at 48 h after activation. (snmjournals.org)

AMPA receptor variants were identified with a polyclonal antibody recognizing the conserved extracellular loop region of all four AMPA receptor subunits (GluR1-4, both flip and flop ), whereas NMDA receptors were immunolabeled with a polyclonal antibody that binds to an extracellular N-terminal epitope of the NR1 subunit, common to all splice variants. (jneurosci.org)
NMDA receptors comprise the essential NR1 subunit and one or more of the modulatory NR2 subunits, NR2A-D ( Hollmann and Heinemann 1994 ). (jneurosci.org)
Using subunit-specific antibodies, however, it is not possible to distinguish between the absence of AMPA receptors and the lack of a particular subunit on the cell surface. (jneurosci.org)
IFNAR is a heteromeric cell surface receptor composed of two subunits, referred to as the low affinity subunit, IFNAR1 , and the high affinity subunit, IFNAR2 . (wikidoc.org)
Most naïve T cells do not express surface CTLA4 because of its binding to AP50, a subunit of the clathrin adaptor AP-2 protein ( 2 ). (snmjournals.org)

The virus is entered into the cytoplasm by endosome coated with clathrin. (bartleby.com)
They found that when CGRP binds to its receptor on a Schwann cell, the receptor moves into a compartment inside the cell called an endosome. (futurity.org)

The researchers also successfully blocked CGRP-evoked pain using nanoparticles in which they encapsulated a small molecule drug that binds to and blocks the CGRP receptor. (futurity.org)

CHC22 clathrin mediates traffic from early secretory compartments for human GLUT4 pathway biogenesis. (academictree.org)

Such continuous sensing of signal intensity might involve cycling of receptors through the endocytic pathway. (nature.com)

We have developed antibodies that recognize all AMPA or all NMDA receptor variants on the surface of living neurons. (jneurosci.org)
Using these antibodies, in conjunction with GluR2-specific and synaptophysin antibodies, we have directly localized and quantified surface-expressed native AMPA and NMDA receptors on cultured living hippocampal neurons during development. (jneurosci.org)
Immunocytochemical analysis of hippocampal neurons between 3 and 20 d in vitro shows no change in the proportion of synapses expressing NMDA receptors (∼60%) but a dramatic increase (∼50%) in the proportion of them that also express AMPA receptors. (jneurosci.org)
Antibodies that recognize extracellular epitopes and can thus label iGluRs on living neurons are important tools for the study of receptor localization and dynamics. (jneurosci.org)

AMPA and NMDA receptors mediate most excitatory synaptic transmission in the CNS. (jneurosci.org)
Using a quantitative cell ELISA, a dramatic increase was observed in the surface expression of AMPA receptors, but not NMDA receptors, between 3 and 10 d in culture. (jneurosci.org)
AMPA receptors are composed of four subunits, GluR1-4. (jneurosci.org)

Inhibiting clathrin and dynamin reduced pain signaling, offering a promising target for novel migraine treatments. (futurity.org)

Recent studies reported that treatment by the extracellular domain of Klotho (KLe) increases cell-surface abundance of transient receptor potential vanilloid type isoform 5, an epithelial Ca 2+ channel critical for Ca 2+ reabsorption in the kidney. (aspetjournals.org)

It is widely used for the specific uptake of certain substances required by the cell (examples include LDL via the LDL receptor or iron via transferrin). (wikipedia.org)
Thus yolk uptake provides a genetically tractable system for the study of clathrin and Rab dependent transport processes. (wormbook.org)

Animal steroid hormones initiate signaling by passive diffusion into cells and binding to their nuclear receptors to regulate gene expression. (biologists.com)
Mutations in the LDL receptor gene cause familial hypercholesterolemia. (embl.de)

As cAMP signaling drives gonadotrophin hormone receptor recycling, rapid exocytic events were evaluated at single event resolution. (frontiersin.org)
Breast cancer (BCa) is a highly heterogeneous disease, with hormone receptor status being a key factor in patient prognostication and treatment decision-making. (bvsalud.org)

CHC22 and CHC17 clathrins have distinct biochemical properties and display differential regulation and function. (academictree.org)

Confocal microscopy experiments to study receptor localization further validated the pulse-chase labelling procedure. (bath.ac.uk)

13 , 14 Despite the presence of amino acid mutations in its receptor binding domain, multiple key amino acids are changed. (medsci.org)
Here, we observe that P2Y(12)R function is compromised after deletion or mutation of the 4 amino acids at the extreme C-terminus of this receptor (ETPM), a putative postsynaptic density 95/disc large/zonula occludens-1 (PDZ)-binding motif. (unimi.it)

Numerous familial hypercholestorolemia mutations of the LDL receptor alter the calcium coordinating residue of LDL-A domains or other crucial scaffolding residues. (embl.de)

To achieve internalisation of nanoparticles into cells, such as T cells, antibodies can be used to target the nanoparticles to specific receptors on the cell surface (such as CCR5). (wikipedia.org)

In addition, nuclear accumulation of active nuclear SMAD complexes is dynamically maintained in strict accordance with the degree of receptor activation at any time of signalling. (nature.com)

Only the receptor-specific substances can enter the cell through this process. (wikipedia.org)
If the target cell has a known specific pinocytotic receptor, drugs can be attached and will be internalized. (wikipedia.org)
Overexpression of the IGF-II/M6P receptor in mouse fibroblast cell lines differentially alters expression profiles of genes involved in Alzheimer's disease-related pathology. (nih.gov)
My postdoc studies on neurotransmitter receptors led to papers in Science, Nature and Cell, and earned the 1988 Boeringer Ingelheim Award. (gene.com)
They are essential for virus-cell receptor binding and the production of structurally complete virus particles. (medsci.org)

[8] The evolutionary conservation of type I IFN subtypes binding the same IFNAR receptor at the same site with differing affinities suggests that type I IFNs are nonredundant and potentially regulate different cellular responses. (wikidoc.org)
In turn, receptor signaling is known to drive or regulate GPCR trafficking. (frontiersin.org)

Furthermore, while differential effects manifest after several days of chronic stimulation, changes to receptor structure, orientation, or stoichiometry have not elucidated the cause for differential signaling via different type I IFN subtypes. (wikidoc.org)

The N-terminal type A repeats in LDL receptor bind the lipoproteins. (embl.de)

in fact, a new class of drugs to prevent migraines use injections of monoclonal antibodies to target CGRP or its receptor. (futurity.org)

The androgens/androgen receptor (AR) axis is the main therapeutic target in prostate cancer (PCa). (bvsalud.org)

Structural basis for recognition of phosphodiester-containing lysosomal enzymes by the cation-independent mannose 6-phosphate receptor. (nih.gov)
Total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy experiments revealed that USMB treatment altered the assembly of clathrin-coated pits, the basic structural units of CME. (plos.org)
13 , 14 However, the amino acid perfectly maintains the stability of the mutual structural conformation of the virus S-protein and the ACE2 receptor in a holistic manner. (medsci.org)

The researchers studied mice in which the CGRP receptor, called CLR/RAMP1, was disabled in Schwann cells. (futurity.org)
In a cross-sectional study of 48 AD patients without diabetes, 20 cognitively normal diabetic patients, 16 patients with frontotemporal dementia, and 84 cognitively normal controls, researchers found that dysfunctionally phosphorylated insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1), a neuronal protein, is detectable in blood using exosome-based technology and may be able to predict AD up to 10 years before the appearance of symptoms. (medscape.com)

They modified the CGRP receptor by deleting RAMP1, one of two important components of the receptor, from Schwann cells in the facial area of mice. (futurity.org)
However, in mice lacking the CGRP receptor in Schwann cells, CGRP did not cause pain. (futurity.org)
Again, capsaicin did not cause migraine-like pain in mice lacking the CGRP receptor in Schwann cells, providing further support for the idea that the CGRP receptor in Schwann cells plays a critical role in migraine pain. (futurity.org)
The cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA4) is a coinhibitory activation-induced surface receptor on T cells that functions as a major negative regulator of anti-self-immune responses. (snmjournals.org)

Anatomy12

Organisms1

Chemicals and Drugs32

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment3

Phenomena and Processes7

Information Science2

Endocytosis27

Internalization12

Cluster into clathrin-coated pits2

Proteins10

Membrane11

Endosomes8

Ligands2

Vesicles2

Molecules3

Metabotropic glutamate rec1

Megalin3

Vesicle3

Triskelions1

Glutamate receptors1

Adaptors1

Protein-coupled receptor1

Ligand7

Lipoprotein receptor1

Density lipoprotein1

Mechanism1

Phosphorylation2

Subunit5

Endosome2

Binds1

Mediates1

Endocytic pathway1

Neurons4

AMPA3

Dynamin1

Extracellular1

Uptake2

Gene2

Hormone receptor2

Regulation1

Localization1

Amino acids2

Residues1

Nanoparticles1

Complexes1

Cell5

Regulate2

Subtypes1

Bind1

Antibodies1

Therapeutic1

Structural3

Researchers2

Cells4