AnatomyOrganismsChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesInformation Science
ClathrinClathrin Heavy ChainsClathrin-Coated VesiclesCoated Pits, Cell-MembraneCoated VesiclesMonomeric Clathrin Assembly ProteinsClathrin Light ChainsAdaptor Proteins, Vesicular TransportAuxilinsAdaptor Protein Complex 2Adaptor Protein Complex alpha SubunitsAdaptor Protein Complex 1EndocytosisAdaptor Protein Complex gamma SubunitsAdaptor Protein Complex beta SubunitsEndosomestrans-Golgi NetworkAdaptor Protein Complex mu SubunitsDynaminsHSC70 Heat-Shock ProteinsAdaptor Protein Complex 4Vesicular Transport ProteinsMembrane ProteinsADP-Ribosylation FactorsADP-Ribosylation Factor 1Transcription Factor AP-2Protein TransportMicroscopy, ElectronGolgi ApparatusCell MembraneProtein BindingCattleMolecular Sequence DataSynaptic VesiclesPhosphoproteinsAmino Acid SequenceNerve Tissue ProteinsCell CompartmentationCarrier ProteinsHeLa CellsProtein Structure, TertiaryBlood Buffy CoatBrainBinding SitesCoat Protein Complex IAdaptor Protein Complex 3Freeze EtchingTransferrinHair ColorCapsidMicroscopy, FluorescenceRecombinant Fusion ProteinsTransport VesiclesDynamin ICapsid ProteinsCOP-Coated VesiclesMutationArrestinsCoatomer Protein
EndocytosisCluster into clathrin-coated pitsAdaptorsReceptorsEndocyticMembranesDynaminCCVsPlasma membraneLipidsDisassemblyEndosomesGolgiEntered into the cytoplasmComplexes medium subunit familyCytoskeletalLysosomesIntracellularStructuralMechanismsCytosolicMoleculesPits and vesiclesMembrane proteinsTransmembraneVesicle formationPeptidesMediateRegions of the cell membraneEncodesSubunitDissociationInvaginationFamily of proteinsTransport vesiclesRecruitmentPathwayDistribution of proteinsMoleculeAuxilinAssembly proteinGeneConstitutivelyMetabolitesCellularDrosophilaStructuresBindCytoplasmLysosomeComplexCellPtdInsSpecimensRegulates
Endocytosis21
  • We now report that endocytosis of chPrP is mediated by clathrin-coated pits. (rupress.org)
  • Finally, internalization of chPrP is reduced by 70% after neuroblastoma cells are incubated in hypertonic medium, a treatment that inhibits endocytosis by disrupting clathrin lattices. (rupress.org)
  • Endosomes (receptor-mediated endocytosis) Membrane transport protein Wikipedia:MeSH D12.776#MeSH D12.776.543.990 --- vesicular transport proteins Vesicular+Transport+Proteins at the U.S. National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) Yasushi Sako (1 October 2010). (wikipedia.org)
  • Pawlowski, N. Dynamin self-assembly and the vesicle scission mechanism: how dynamin oligomers cleave the membrane neck of clathrin-coated pits during endocytosis. (nature.com)
  • The epsin N-terminal homology (ENTH) domain is a structural domain that is found in proteins involved in endocytosis and cytoskeletal machinery. (wikipedia.org)
  • The main function of proteins containing this domain appears to be to act as accessory clathrin adaptors in endocytosis, epsin is able to recruit and promote clathrin polymerisation on a lipid monolayer, but may have additional roles in signalling and actin regulation. (wikipedia.org)
  • Cells constitutively utilize several distinct mechanisms of endocytosis, including clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) for the internalization of receptor-bound macromolecules such as Transferrin Receptor (TfR), and distinct mechanism(s) that mediate the majority of fluid-phase endocytosis. (plos.org)
  • Fekri F, Delos Santos RC, Karshafian R, Antonescu CN (2016) Ultrasound Microbubble Treatment Enhances Clathrin-Mediated Endocytosis and Fluid-Phase Uptake through Distinct Mechanisms. (plos.org)
  • Endocytosis is the vesicle-mediated process used by all cells to internalize extracellular macromolecules, plasma membrane lipids, and plasma membrane proteins ( Figure 1 ). (wormbook.org)
  • One important model for mechanistic studies of endocytosis in C. elegans focuses on oocytes, which internalize huge quantities of yolk proteins and their associated lipids by clathrin-mediated endocytosis ( Grant and Hirsh, 1999 ). (wormbook.org)
  • Trafficking of yolk and yolk receptors also depends critically upon the activities of the endocytic Rab proteins RAB-5 , RAB-7 , and RAB-11 , known modulators of endocytosis in all eukaryotes ( Grant and Hirsh, 1999 ). (wormbook.org)
  • Mechanism of clathrin-dependent endocytosis. (wormbook.org)
  • In diverse species, actin assembly facilitates clathrin-coated vesicle (CCV) formation during endocytosis. (rupress.org)
  • SD proteins are known to undergo endocytosis and recycling to maintain the integrity of the filtration structure. (sdbonline.org)
  • Using the Drosophila nephrocyte as a genetic screen platform, most genes involved in endocytosis and cell trafficking were screened, and the key components were identified of the cell trafficking pathway required for SD protein endocytosis and recycling. (sdbonline.org)
  • The SD protein endocytosis and recycling pathway was found to contain clathrin , dynamin , AP-2 complex, like-AP180 (Lap) , auxilin and Hsc70-4 (the endocytosis part) followed by Rab11 and the exocyst complex (the recycling part). (sdbonline.org)
  • All genes in this SD protein endocytosis and recycling pathway, as well as SD proteins themselves, are highly conserved from flies to humans. (sdbonline.org)
  • Thus, these results suggest that the SD proteins in human kidney undergo the same endocytosis and recycling pathway to maintain the filtration structure, and mutations in any genes in this pathway could lead to abnormal SD and renal diseases. (sdbonline.org)
  • It functions as the main structural component of the lattice-type cytoplasmic face of coated pits and vesicles which entrap specific macromolecules during receptor-mediated endocytosis. (genetex.com)
  • The absorption of LMW proteins occurs in the PTC through clathrin-mediated endocytosis via 2 multiligand receptors (megalin and cubilin) present in the PTC apical border. (medscape.com)
  • The low number of megalin at the PTC apical border explains the reduced endocytosis of low-molecular weight proteins that occur in Lowe syndrome. (medscape.com)
Cluster into clathrin-coated pits2
  • Many receptors and their associated ligands cluster into clathrin-coated pits by association with clathrin adaptor proteins such as the four-subunit complex AP2. (wormbook.org)
  • In order to be internalized, the receptor-ligand complex must first cluster into clathrin-coated pits. (embl.de)
Adaptors3
  • We also found that the clathrin adaptors Ent1p, Ent2p, and Ede1p work cooperatively to recruit ubiquitinated Ste2p to CCPs. (elsevierpure.com)
  • By means of its interaction with microtubule-associated proteins, we propose novel roles for AP-1 adaptors in modulating the dynamics of the cytoskeleton, the stability and shape of coated organelles, and the loading of nascent AP-1-coated vesicles onto appropriate microtubular tracks. (huji.ac.il)
  • Clathrin adaptors in turn bind to the clathrin lattice which is thought to provide the force required to deform the membrane into a curved bud. (wormbook.org)
Receptors6
  • Endocytic internalization of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) plays a critical role in down-regulation of GPCR signaling. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Viral Entry The envelope proteins of HCV form a heterodimer which helps binding the hepatitis C virus to the receptors present on the hepatocytes membrane. (bartleby.com)
  • Clathrin and cargo molecules are assembled into clathrin-coated pits on the plasma membrane together with an adaptor complex called AP-2 that links clathrin with transmembrane receptors, concluding in the formation of mature clathrin-coated vesicles (CCVs). (wormbook.org)
  • Other homologous domains occur in related receptors, including the very low-density lipoprotein receptor and the LDL receptor-related protein/alpha 2-macroglobulin receptor, and in proteins which are functionally unrelated, such as the C9 component of complement. (embl.de)
  • Peptides derived from sequence of cell surface proteins, such as intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), LHRH, Bombesin, and LFA-1, have shown potent binding affinity to the target cell surface receptors. (biosyn.com)
  • Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) peptides,2 poly-Arg peptides), 3,4 proteins (e.g., antibodies,5 transport proteins, and transferrin6), and small molecules (e.g., folate7) have been used to selectively direct drugs to cancer cells with upregulated receptors by forming drug-carrier conjugates (Fig. 1). (biosyn.com)
Endocytic4
  • Proteins of the Sla2p/Hip1R family bind to actin and clathrin at endocytic sites in yeast and mammals. (rupress.org)
  • Intersectin-2 is a cytoplasmic adapter protein that may provide a link between the actin assembly machinery and the endocytic membrance traffic, as well a control the production of clathrin-coated vesicles in terms of their invagination of budding. (novusbio.com)
  • The OCRL1 protein is an inositol polyphosphate 5-phosphatase primarily located in the trans- Golgi network (TGN), on endosomes, and at the endocytic clathrin coated pits. (medscape.com)
  • OCRL1 has been localized to the trans -Golgi network and various compartments of the endocytic pathway (traffic), where it is found in the clathrin-coated pits, clathrin-coated vesicles, variable functioning endosomes (early, signaling, recycling), and the basal body of primary cilia. (medscape.com)
Membranes8
  • Clathrin assembles into geodesic structures that drive the formation of vesicles from cellular membranes. (rcsb.org)
  • May act as a scaffolding protein within caveolar membranes. (aacrjournals.org)
  • It had been shown that certain altered PrP proteins caused the death of brain cells by allowing excessive electrical charges to cross the membranes of the cell. (elifesciences.org)
  • Syntaxins are type II integral membrane proteins localized to membranes that regulate vesicle transport, protein maturation, and exocytosis. (enzolifesciences.com)
  • Syntaxin 6 is primarily localized to the trans-Golgi network, and partially co-localizes with AP-1 on clathrin-coated membranes. (enzolifesciences.com)
  • The coatomer complex is required for budding from Golgi membranes, and is essential for the retrograde Golgi-to-ER transport of dilysine-tagged proteins. (nih.gov)
  • Vesicular transport proteins are distinguished from MEMBRANE TRANSPORT PROTEINS, which move molecules across membranes, by the mode in which the molecules are transported. (lookformedical.com)
  • The ap complexes mediate both the recruitment of clathrin to membranes and the recognition of sorting signals within the cytosolic tails of transmembrane cargo molecules. (lu.se)
Dynamin2
  • Examples include: Archain ARFs Clathrin Caveolin Dynamin and related proteins, such as the EHD protein family Rab proteins SNAREs Vesicular transport adaptor proteins e.g. (wikipedia.org)
  • The large GTPase dynamin is then involved in pinching off the coated pit to form a clathrin-coated vesicle. (wormbook.org)
CCVs2
  • A) Clathrin-coated vesicles (CCVs), circular vesicles with a fringe of clathrin protein (arrow), in the cell cytoplasm range in size from 60 nm−100 nm. (cdc.gov)
  • Differentiation: clathrin surrounding the vesicle may be misinterpreted as viral spikes, however, CCVs are free in the cell cytoplasm, and clathrin is in direct contact with the cytoplasm. (cdc.gov)
Plasma membrane4
  • Immunogold labeling of neuroblastoma cells demonstrates that the concentration of chPrP within 0.05 microns of coated pits is 3-5 times higher than over other areas of the plasma membrane. (rupress.org)
  • Moreover, gold particles can be seen within coated vesicles and deeply invaginated coated pits that are in the process of pinching off from the plasma membrane. (rupress.org)
  • This study provides the first in vivo evidence of trapped SD proteins in clathrin-coated pits at the plasma membrane when this pathway is disrupted. (sdbonline.org)
  • Abstract Caveolin-1, the first member of caveolin family reported, is recognized as the structural component of caveola, a plasma membrane invagination or vesicles that are a subcompartment distinct from clathrin-coated pits. (techscience.com)
Lipids3
  • Regardless of the type or the physiological or pathological state of the originating cell, exosomes share common features as enriched with nucleic acids, lipids, and proteins [ 4 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Membrane-enclosed structures called vesicles transport proteins and lipids across the cell. (jove.com)
  • A network of membrane compartments, located at the cytoplasmic side of the GOLGI APPARATUS, where proteins and lipids are sorted for transport to various locations in the cell or cell membrane. (lookformedical.com)
Disassembly2
Endosomes3
Golgi10
  • In the present study, we provide biochemical and morphological evidence that the adaptor protein 1 (AP-1) adaptor of the trans-Golgi network clathrin interacts with microtubules. (huji.ac.il)
  • Transport vesicles can move molecules between locations inside the cell, e.g., proteins from the rough endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi apparatus . (wikipedia.org)
  • Most of these proteins mature in the Golgi apparatus before going to their final destination which may be to lysosomes , peroxisomes , or outside of the cell. (wikipedia.org)
  • We hypothesized that Hip1R might also coordinate actin assembly with clathrin budding at the trans-Golgi network (TGN). (rupress.org)
  • Coated vesicles are spherical, protein-coated carriers with a 50-100 nm diameter that mediate bidirectional transport between the ER and the Golgi. (jove.com)
  • The distribution of proteins between the ER and Golgi complex is dynamic and is maintained by different coated vesicles. (jove.com)
  • The coatomer is a cytosolic protein complex that binds to dilysine motifs and reversibly associates with Golgi non-clathrin-coated vesicles, which further mediate biosynthetic protein transport from the ER, via the Golgi up to the trans Golgi network. (nih.gov)
  • Coatomer is a cytosolic protein complex that binds to dilysine motifs and reversibly associates with Golgi non-clathrin-coated vesicles. (nih.gov)
  • A clathrin adaptor protein complex primarily involved in clathrin-related transport at the TRANS-GOLGI NETWORK. (lookformedical.com)
  • Component of the coat surrounding the cytoplasmic face of coated vesicles located at the golgi complex. (lu.se)
Entered into the cytoplasm1
Complexes medium subunit family1
  • Adaptor complexes medium subunit family status:Partially_confirmed UniProt:P90761 protein_id:CAB0279. (yeastrc.org)
Cytoskeletal2
  • Clathrin also interacts with cytoskeletal proteins. (lookformedical.com)
  • cortactin a cytoskeletal protein that that is involved in coordinating actin reorganization during cell movement. (affbiotech.cn)
Lysosomes1
  • Ap-3 appears to be involved in the sorting of a subset of transmembrane proteins targeted to lysosomes and lysosome-related organelles. (lu.se)
Intracellular4
  • Since chPrP lacks a cytoplasmic domain that could interact directly with the intracellular components of clathrin-coated pits, we propose that the polypeptide chain of chPrP associates with the extracellular domain of a transmembrane protein that contains a coated pit internalization signal. (rupress.org)
  • RME-2 contains a typical NPXY internalization motif in its intracellular domain that is known to direct other members of the LDL-receptor family into clathrin-coated pits. (wormbook.org)
  • Disrupting any component in this pathway led to disrupted SD on the cell surface and intracellular accumulation of mislocalized SD proteins. (sdbonline.org)
  • The main structural coat protein of COATED VESICLES which play a key role in the intracellular transport between membranous organelles. (lookformedical.com)
Structural3
  • SCOPe: Structural Classification of Proteins - extended. (berkeley.edu)
  • Total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy experiments revealed that USMB treatment altered the assembly of clathrin-coated pits, the basic structural units of CME. (plos.org)
  • The COPI and COPII coat proteins share similar structural features with Clathrin but differ in cargo sorting and vesicle formation mechanisms. (jove.com)
Mechanisms3
  • The long term goal of our research is to elucidate the molecular mechanisms by which proteins are targeted to specific and distinct compartments. (stanford.edu)
  • The process of moving proteins from one cellular compartment (including extracellular) to another by various sorting and transport mechanisms such as gated transport, protein translocation, and vesicular transport. (lookformedical.com)
  • Recent research has provided new insights into the function of Hox proteins in different germ layers and the mechanisms they employ to control tissue morphogenesis. (bvsalud.org)
Cytosolic1
  • Specific coat proteins cover their cytosolic surface. (jove.com)
Molecules7
  • A vesicular transport protein, or vesicular transporter, is a membrane protein that regulates or facilitates the movement of specific molecules across a vesicle's membrane. (wikipedia.org)
  • Clathrin-coated pits form little indentations inwards on the surface of cells that fold in on themselves and internalize these molecules. (eurekalert.org)
  • The LDL particles are bound to long receptor molecules on the cell surface, which then associate with adaptor proteins and clathrin on the inner side of the membrane. (rcsb.org)
  • To solve this problem, the cell membrane contains proteins that are selective for unique, water soluble molecules. (wikibooks.org)
  • These diseases are caused by refolding of the cellular prion protein (PrP C ) into an infectious isoform (PrP Sc ) that catalytically templates its abnormal conformation onto additional molecules of PrP C ( Prusiner, 1998 ). (elifesciences.org)
  • A class of proteins involved in the transport of molecules via TRANSPORT VESICLES. (lookformedical.com)
  • They perform functions such as binding to the cell membrane, capturing cargo molecules and promoting the assembly of CLATHRIN. (lookformedical.com)
Pits and vesicles1
  • Clathrin is the major protein of the polyhedral coat of coated pits and vesicles. (aacrjournals.org)
Membrane proteins1
Transmembrane1
  • The deduced 4660-aa sequence, expected to constitute a mature protein of M(r) 516,715, consists of a probable N-terminal signal peptide sequence (25 aa), an extracellular region (4400 aa), a single transmembrane domain (22 aa), and a C-terminal cytoplasmic tail (213 aa). (embl.de)
Vesicle formation1
  • Coat proteins can help sort the cargo and assemble on the donor membrane to initiate vesicle formation. (jove.com)
Peptides1
  • They preferentially bind and release hydrophobic peptides by an ATP-dependent process and are involved in post-translational PROTEIN TRANSLOCATION. (lookformedical.com)
Mediate2
  • The classical view suggests that adaptor proteins of the clathrin coat mediate the sorting of cargo protein passengers into clathrin-coated pits and the recruitment of clathrin into budding areas in the donor membrane. (huji.ac.il)
  • This suggests that type 1a microtubule-associated protein may mediate the association of AP-1 with microtubules in the cytoplasm. (huji.ac.il)
Regions of the cell membrane2
Encodes3
  • This gene encodes a member of the heat shock protein 70 family, which contains both heat-inducible and constitutively expressed members. (antibodies-online.com)
  • This gene encodes one of two clathrin light chain proteins which are believed to function as regulatory elements. (genetex.com)
  • Lowe syndrome is caused by an inherited mutation in the OCRL gene, mapped to chromosome Xq 26.1, which encodes the OCRL1 protein. (medscape.com)
Subunit4
  • The γ-adaptin subunit of AP-1 specifically co-immunoprecipitated with a microtubule-associated protein of type 1a from rat brain cytosol. (huji.ac.il)
  • sigma-adaptin subunit of adaptor protein complex 3 (AP-3) status:Confirmed UniProt:Q8T874 protein_id. (yeastrc.org)
  • The product of this gene is an epsilon subunit of coatomer protein complex. (nih.gov)
  • The majority of adaptor proteins exist as multi-subunit complexes, however monomeric varieties have also been found. (lookformedical.com)
Dissociation1
  • Hsc70 clathrin dissociation activity is regulated by complex phosphorylation patterns. (bvsalud.org)
Invagination1
  • This points to a pioneering role for epsin in vesicle budding, as it provides both a driving force and a link between membrane invagination and clathrin polymerisation. (wikipedia.org)
Family of proteins1
Transport vesicles2
Recruitment1
  • Here, we identify recruitment of Ste2p to preexisting clathrin-coated pits (CCPs) as a key step regulated by receptor phosphorylation and subsequent ubiquitination upon ligand binding. (elsevierpure.com)
Pathway4
  • Combining a screen of candidates identified through proteomic analysis of purified ALR tubules, and large-scale RNAi knockdown, we unveiled a tightly regulated molecular pathway that controls lysosome homeostasis, in which clathrin and PtdIns(4,5)P 2 are the central components. (nature.com)
  • Our data not only uncover a molecular pathway by which lysosome homeostasis is maintained through the ALR process, but also reveal unexpected functions of clathrin and PtdIns(4,5)P 2 in lysosome homeostasis. (nature.com)
  • is the clathrin-coated pit pathway ( Figure 2 ). (wormbook.org)
  • The stCCV pathway sorts specifically the cell adhesion proteins CHL1 and Neurocan, supporting our model of that the stCCV pathway fulfills specific functions in synaptic plasticity. (bvsalud.org)
Distribution of proteins2
  • Taxonomic distribution of proteins containing LY domain. (embl.de)
  • Taxonomic distribution of proteins containing LDLa domain. (embl.de)
Molecule2
Auxilin1
  • Sorting nexins Synaptotagmin TRAPP complex Synaptophysin Auxilin There are multiple pathways, each using its own coat and GTPase. (wikipedia.org)
Assembly protein1
Gene2
  • Cyclin-G-associated kinase (GAK) , a PD susceptibility gene identified through genome-wide association studies (GWAS), is a ubiquitous serine/threonine kinase involved in clathrin uncoating (see Drosophila Clathrin heavy chain ), though its PD-related function remains elusive. (sdbonline.org)
  • Description of the protein which includes the UniProt Function and the NCBI Gene Summary. (nih.gov)
Constitutively1
  • A constitutively expressed subfamily of the HSP70 heat-shock proteins. (lookformedical.com)
Metabolites2
  • Merajver's lab at the Rogel Cancer Center worked with a Michigan Engineering team led by Allen Liu, Ph.D., and postdoctoral researcher Luciana Rosselli-Murai, Ph.D. They focused on a protein called clathrin, which impacts how metabolites, hormones and other proteins enter into a cell. (eurekalert.org)
  • A series of studies have revealed that exosomes-mediated intercellular transfer of proteins, nucleic acids, and metabolites plays a crucial role in the initiation and progression of HCC, hypoxia and angiogenesis, chemotherapy sensitivity, and cell death mode and regulates the immune microenvironment. (hindawi.com)
Cellular3
  • The cellular prion protein (PrPc) is a glycolipid-anchored, cell surface protein of unknown function, a posttranslationally modified isoform of which PrPSc is involved in the pathogenesis of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, scrapie, and other spongiform encephalopathies. (rupress.org)
  • PrP C , the cellular isoform of the prion protein, serves to transduce the neurotoxic effects of PrP Sc , the infectious isoform, but how this occurs is mysterious. (elifesciences.org)
  • [ 2 ] and (2) Mehta ZB, Pietka G, Lowe M. The cellular and physiological functions of the Lowe syndrome protein OCRL1. (medscape.com)
Drosophila1
  • The repeat is found in a variety of proteins that include, vitellogenin receptor from Drosophila melanogaster, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor [ ( PUBMED:6091915 ) ], preproepidermal growth factor, and nidogen (entactin). (embl.de)
Structures1
  • Our work provides evidence that challenges the current paradigm that short-lived clathrin-coated pits are abortive structures, finding that instead they can be capable of driving signaling," says Liu, assistant professor of mechanical engineering and biomedical engineering at U-M. (eurekalert.org)
Bind1
  • Proteins containing this domain have been found to bind PtdIns(4,5)P2 and Ins(1,4,5)P3 suggesting that the domain is a membrane-interacting module. (wikipedia.org)
Cytoplasm1
Lysosome2
  • Our functional study demonstrates the central role of clathrin and its associated proteins in cargo sorting, phospholipid conversion, initiation of autolysosome tubulation, and proto-lysosome budding during ALR. (nature.com)
  • These vesicles contain the mannose 6-phosphate receptor involved in targeting proteins to the lysosome, and the actin nucleating Arp2/3 complex. (rupress.org)
Complex7
  • Their formation is driven by the assembly of different classes of coat proteins, namely COPI, COPII, clathrin, or retromer complex. (jove.com)
  • They have been primarily found as components of ADAPTOR PROTEIN COMPLEX 2. (lookformedical.com)
  • The outer surface of these vesicles are covered with a lattice-like network of coat proteins, such as CLATHRIN, coat protein complex proteins, or CAVEOLINS. (lookformedical.com)
  • A family of large adaptin protein complex subunits of approximately 90-130 kDa in size. (lookformedical.com)
  • An adaptor protein complex found primarily on perinuclear compartments. (lookformedical.com)
  • The AP1/σ1B complex knockout leads to impaired synaptic vesicle recycling and altered endosomal protein sorting. (bvsalud.org)
  • Adaptor protein complex 3 (ap-3) is an heterotetramer composed of two large adaptins (delta/ap3d1 and beta3a/ap3b2 or beta3b/ap3b1), a medium adaptin (mu3a/ap3m1 or mu3b/ap3m2) and a small adaptin (sigma3a/ap3s1 or sigma3b/ap3s2). (lu.se)
Cell7
  • In this study, published in the Journal of Cell Science , researchers looked at breast cancer cells that did not express PTEN, a protein known to be mutated or deleted in about a third of breast cancers. (eurekalert.org)
  • Signals must get from outside the cell into its nucleus to produce proteins. (eurekalert.org)
  • This study finds that the short-lived clathrin-coated pits are used to help control the signals that enter the cell. (eurekalert.org)
  • Inside the cell (right), look for three-armed clathrin triskelions, two actin filaments and many soluble enzymes. (rcsb.org)
  • The experiments showed that one end of the protein, called the N-terminus, is involved in the movement of electrical charges across the cell membrane and is able to cause cell degeneration. (elifesciences.org)
  • By contrast, the other end of the protein, the C-terminus, acts as a regulator for the N-terminus and can prevent cell degeneration. (elifesciences.org)
  • Vesicles formed when cell-membrane coated pits (COATED PITS, CELL-MEMBRANE) invaginate and pinch off. (lookformedical.com)
PtdIns1
  • Here we report that clathrin and phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate (PtdIns(4,5)P 2 ) regulate ALR. (nature.com)
Specimens1
  • [ 3 ] However, only 0.1% had positive protein results in all 4 specimens, emphasizing that it is the persistence of proteinuria that is significant, albeit that it is much less frequent than a positive result for the presence of protein if only a single specimen is tested. (medscape.com)
Regulates1