Classification of homeobox genes. Medical search. Frequent questions

The HOX genes encode a family of homeodomain-containing transcription factors that play important roles in the early embryo, including the establishment of cell and tissue identity, and the regulation of cell proliferation, differentiation, and survival [ 12 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
6. Olsson A S,Engstr m P,S derman E. The homeobox genes ATHB12 and ATHB7 encode potential regulators of growth in response to water deficit in Arabidopsis [J]. Plant Molecular Biology,2004,55(5):663-677. (nefu.edu.cn)
Genetic studies have clarified that most microcephaly genes encode ubiquitous proteins involved in mitosis and in maintenance of genomic stability, but the effects of their inactivation are particularly strong in neural progenitors. (cancerindex.org)
Background: Homeobox-containing genes encode crucial transcription factors involved in animal, plant and fungal development, and changes to homeobox genes have been linked to the evolution of novel body plans and morphologies. (st-andrews.ac.uk)
Plant growth is systematically regulated by a system of specialized genes that encode various proteins, with certain genes being capable of influencing vegetative growth and stress tolerance, including cold, drought, and salinity. (ashs.org)
Background: HOX genes encode a family of homeodomain-containing transcription factors involved in the determination of cell fate and identity during embryonic development. (123dok.net)

Blue squares indicate phenotypes directly attributed to mutations/alleles of this gene. (jax.org)
Similarly, mutations in the Hox genes can result in body parts and limbs in the wrong place along the body. (wikipedia.org)
But, when coexisting in familial cases, nearly all reported cases revealed mutations of the motor neuron and pancreas homeobox 1 (MNX1) gene. (koreamed.org)
Novel mutations in the MNX1 gene in two families with Currarino syndrome and variable phenotype. (koreamed.org)
Mutations in this gene are associated with Hirschsprung disease/Mowat-Wilson syndrome. (beds.ac.uk)
Mutations in the FOXC1 , PAX6 , PITX2 , or CYP1B1 gene can cause Peters anomaly. (medlineplus.gov)
Mutations in any of these four genes disrupt development of the anterior segment of the eye. (medlineplus.gov)
Autosomal recessive inheritance means both copies of the gene in each cell have mutations. (medlineplus.gov)
The aim of this study is to investigate both novel and proven mutations of 11 MODY genes in Turkish children by using targeted next generation sequencing. (degruyter.com)
Eighteen patients have GCK mutations, four have HNF1A , one has HNF4A , one has HNF1B , two have NEUROD1 , one has PDX1 gene variations and one patient has both HNF1A and HNF4A heterozygote mutations. (degruyter.com)
Mutations in a new gene in Ellis-van Creveld syndrome and Weyers acrodental dysostosis. (medscape.com)

This gene is found on chromosome 20 near NKX2-4, and these two genes appear to be duplicated on chromosome 14 in the form of TITF1 and NKX2-8. (nih.gov)
This gene is part of the A cluster on chromosome 7 and encodes a DNA-binding transcription factor which may regulate gene expression, morphogenesis, and differentiation. (nih.gov)
In many animals, the organization of the Hox genes in the chromosome is the same as the order of their expression along the anterior-posterior axis of the developing animal, and are thus said to display colinearity. (wikipedia.org)
The paired-related homeobox gene (PITX2) has been considered to be a potential gene that may trigger AF risk variants on chromosome 4q25and two SNPs (rs2200733 and rs10033464) in chromosome 4q25 were reported. (encyclopedia.pub)
Also, our chromosome-level assembly allows the inference of ancient gene linkages (synteny) for the homeobox-containing genes, even though a number of the homeobox gene clusters, like the Hox/ParaHox clusters, are undergoing dispersal in molluscs such as this oyster. (st-andrews.ac.uk)
Language": "en", "Country": "XG", "Code": "Intended Use" }, { "Name": "Background Information", "Value": "NKX3.1 is a prostate specific androgen-regulated homeobox gene located on chromosome 8p. (roche.com)
For example, the TP53 gene, located on chromosome 17, encodes a 53-kd nuclear protein that functions as a cell cycle checkpoint. (medscape.com)
The functional fusion gene resides at chromosome 19. (ogt.com)

The protein product of each Hox gene is a transcription factor. (wikipedia.org)
Hox genes are thus a subset of the homeobox transcription factor genes. (wikipedia.org)
According to gene annotations in Arabidopsis thaliana, the functions of HD-Zip transcription factor in poplarwere predicted.The conserved domains, structural characteristics and chemical properties of HD-Zip family members were also studied by bioinformatics, providing reference for gene functions of HD-Zip family in poplar. (nefu.edu.cn)
The TCF3 ( transcription factor 3 ) gene is located at 19p13.3. (ogt.com)
Two of the main TCF3 partners are PBX1 ( PBX homeobox 1 ) at 1q23.3 and HLF ( HLF transcription factor, PAR bZIP family member ) at 17q22. (ogt.com)

TFs contain motifs for activation or repression of target genes through direct binding to gene regulatory elements or motifs. (ashs.org)
In addition to the known impact of phosphorylation on the transport and activity of STAT1, experimental evidence was provided demonstrating that acetylation affected the interaction of STAT1 with NF-kB p65, and subsequently modulated the expression of apoptosis-inducing NF-kB target genes. (uni-frankfurt.de)

Studies on Hox genes in ciliated larvae have shown they are only expressed in future adult tissues. (wikipedia.org)
In larvae with gradual metamorphosis the Hox genes are activated in tissues of the larval body, generally in the trunk region, that will be maintained through metamorphosis. (wikipedia.org)
In larvae with complete metamorphosis the Hox genes are mainly expressed in juvenile rudiments and are absent in the transient larval tissues. (wikipedia.org)
The homoeobox gene zerknüllt (zen) plays an important role in the differentiation of dorsal tissues during Drosophila development 1,2 . (princeton.edu)
The ventralizing gene cactus 7 might play an important role in restricting the activity of this represser to ventral regions, thereby permitting the activation of zen in those dorsal tissues where its function is critically required. (princeton.edu)
abstract = "The homoeobox gene zerkn{\"u}llt (zen) plays an important role in the differentiation of dorsal tissues during Drosophila development1,2. (princeton.edu)
RNA-Seq analysis of poplar roots, stems and leaves under salt stress was conducted for the differentially expressed genes in different tissues, and reveal the molecular mechanism of the response to stress environment. (nefu.edu.cn)
Spatio-temporal expression pattern showed that these genes were expressed in many tissues with different levels, and they had distinct expression pattern during adventitious root formation and development. (biomedcentral.com)
The CYP1B1 gene provides instructions for making an enzyme that is active in many tissues, including the eye. (medlineplus.gov)
Expression of 15 ZF-HD genes in tomato was studied in different tissues to identify their putative functions in many aspects of plant growth and development. (ashs.org)
Results: In this study, we found high expression of the HOXD9 gene transcript in glioma cell lines and human glioma tissues by quantitative real-time PCR. (123dok.net)

This gene is highly similar to the antennapedia (Antp) gene of Drosophila. (nih.gov)
Expression of the homeo box gene family in Drosophila. (princeton.edu)
Dive into the research topics of 'Expression of the homeo box gene family in Drosophila. (princeton.edu)
We report here the characterization of the Drosophila homolog of the onecut homeobox gene, which encodes a protein product with one cut domain and one homeodomain. (psu.edu)

Number of Gene Ontology (GO) annotations for this target, consisting of the sum of GO Functions and GO Processes. (nih.gov)

The FOXC1 , PAX6 , and PITX2 genes are all members of a family called homeobox genes that direct the formation of many parts of the body. (medlineplus.gov)

Each Hox gene contains a well-conserved DNA sequence known as the homeobox, of which the term "Hox" was originally a contraction. (wikipedia.org)
The homeodomain is a 60-amino-acid-long DNA-binding domain (encoded by its corresponding 180-base-pair DNA sequence, the homeobox). (wikipedia.org)

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the Zfh1 family of 2-handed zinc finger/homeodomain proteins. (beds.ac.uk)
Based on previous phylogenetic analyses in arabidopsis ( Arabidopsis thaliana ), our results showed that some tomato SL-ZH ( S. lycopersicum zinc-finger homeodomain) genes cluster into the same neighbor-joining (NJ) branch as arabidopsis, indicating that these genes may share similar structures and functions in these plants. (ashs.org)
Association between cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2B antisense RNA 1 and zinc finger homeobox 3 gene polymorphisms and COVID-19 severity. (cdc.gov)

In animals, some homeobox genes are clustered together in the genome, either as remnants from ancestral genomic arrangements, or due to coordinated gene regulation. (st-andrews.ac.uk)
TP53 activates the expression of genes involved in apoptosis, cell cycle regulation (p21), and MDM2. (medscape.com)

The expression and significance of the HOXA7 gene in oral squamous cell carcinoma. (nih.gov)
GXD's primary emphasis is on endogenous gene expression during development. (jax.org)
On the basis of our analysis of zen expression in each of these maternal mutants we propose that one or more of the dorsalizing genes encodes a represser which inhibits the expression of zen in ventral regions of developing embryos. (princeton.edu)
We evaluated a next generation therapeutic peptide, HTL-001, capable of targeting HOX gene over-expression in GBM by disrupting the interaction between HOX proteins and their co-factor, PBX. (biomedcentral.com)
To further investigate the ancestral roles of NK family genes, we analyzed the expression patterns of NKL genes in the onychophoran Euperipatoides rowelli . (biomedcentral.com)
Our data for the remaining seven NKL genes revealed expression in different structures associated with the developing nervous system in embryos of E. rowelli . (biomedcentral.com)
Hence, future studies should focus on the expression of these genes in other bilaterians, which would provide a basis for comparative studies and might help to better understand the role of NK genes in the diversification of bilaterians. (biomedcentral.com)
4. Jain M,Tyagi A K,Khurana J P. Genome-wide identification,classification,evolutionary expansion and expression analyses of homeobox genes in rice[J]. The FEBS Journal,2008,275(11):2845-2861. (nefu.edu.cn)
Genome-wide identification,evolutionary expansion,and expression profile of homeodomain-leucine zipper gene family in poplar ( Populus trichocarpa )[J]. PLoS One,2012,7(2):e31149. (nefu.edu.cn)
Search the gene expression profiles from curated DataSets in the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) repository. (cancerindex.org)
The Hox genes pattern the anterior-posterior axis in developing embryos through tightly regulated, partially overlapping, temporal and spatial expression domains. (iucc.ac.il)
The expression of immunity and metabolism-related genes (BS2A1, PIWIL2 and Fads1) significantly decreased at all-time points compared to the control group. (frontiersin.org)
In conclusion, this study identified tomato ZF-HD genes and analyzed their gene structures, subfamily distribution, and expression characteristics. (ashs.org)
2018 . Gene expression variability across cells and species shapes innate immunity. (henlab.org)
2015 . The Homeobox Genes of Caenorhabditis elegans and Insights into Their Spatio-Temporal Expression Dynamics during Embryogenesis. (henlab.org)
Ploidy and MYCN amplification have been used as genetic markers for risk stratification and therapeutic decision making, and, more recently, gene expression profiling and genome-wide DNA copy number analysis have come into the picture as sensitive and specific tools for assessing prognosis. (biomedcentral.com)

The lack of comparative data for many of the remaining NKL genes, including Bari , Hhex and Nedx currently hampers further evolutionary conclusions. (biomedcentral.com)
2009. A comprehensive classification and evolutionary analysis of plant homeobox genes. (uni-freiburg.de)
Nautilus shows a compact, minimalist genome with few encoding genes and slow evolutionary rates in both non-coding and coding regions among known cephalopods. (nature.com)
Classes for this protein according to Protein ANalysis THrough Evolutionary Relationships (PANTHER) Classification System. (nih.gov)

A critical role of moss 2 KNOTTED LIKE HOMEOBOX (KNOX2) transcription factors was demonstrated in preventing the development of gametophyte leafy shoots from diploid embryos before meiosis [ 9 ] indicating a critical role for the evolution of KNOX2 in establishing an alternation of generation in land plants. (biomedcentral.com)

Familial cases of Currarino triad combined with Mullerian duct anomaly without MNX1 gene mutation are very rare. (koreamed.org)
Here we report cases of mother and daughter, who had Currarino triad and Mullerian duct anomaly without MNX1 gene mutation, along with a brief literature review. (koreamed.org)
may be associated with a mutation in the NKX2-5 homeobox gene. (msdmanuals.com)
In many cases of Peters anomaly, there is no mutation identified in any of these four genes. (medlineplus.gov)
in one of the previously mentioned genes or by the inheritance of a mutation from unaffected parents. (medlineplus.gov)
Germline mutation of one TP53 allele is found in patients with Li-Fraumeni syndrome who generally inherit a mutated TP53 gene from an affected parent. (medscape.com)

Importantly, multiple genomic innovations including gene losses, independent contraction and expansion of specific gene families and their associated regulatory networks likely moulded the evolution of the nautilus pinhole eye. (nature.com)
Studies have also identified other contender genes and genomic disruptions in human pancreatic exocrine tumors classified patients into different subclasses based on tumor histotypes and cancer-specific chromosomal rearrangements ( 7 - 9 ). (amegroups.org)
For some of the genomic regions that are deleted in some neuroblastomas, on 1p, 3p and 11q, candidate tumor suppressor genes have been identified. (biomedcentral.com)

Mixed-species RNAseq analysis of human lymphoma cells adhering to mouse stromal cells identifies a core gene set that is also differentially expressed in the lymph node microenvironment of mantle cell lymphoma and chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients. (henlab.org)

Consequently, analyses of homeobox gene organization across animal phylogeny provide important insights into the evolution of genome organization and developmental gene control, and their interaction. (st-andrews.ac.uk)

10 20 30 40 50 60 Homeobox genes, and thus the homeodomain protein motif, are found in most eukaryotes. (wikipedia.org)
ClassⅢ homeodomain-leucine zipper gene family members have overlapping,antagonistic,and distinct roles in Arabidopsis development[J]. The Plant Cell,2005,17(1):61-76. (nefu.edu.cn)
Characterization of the class Ⅳ homeodomain-leucine zipper gene family in Arabidopsis [J]. Plant Physiology,2006,141(4):1363-1375. (nefu.edu.cn)
The homeodomain domain is generally composed of about 60 amino acids encoded homeobox, which form three alpha helices. (biomedcentral.com)

It is therefore conceivable that the inhibition of the function of these genes may specifically affect the proliferation and survival of brain tumor cells. (cancerindex.org)
In addition, these alterations affect 3 principal categories of genes, as follows: proto-oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes, and DNA repair genes. (medscape.com)
This article briefly discusses tumor suppressor genes and then focuses on the role of proto-oncogenes in childhood cancer. (medscape.com)
Inactivation of tumor suppressor genes, whose products normally provide negative control of cell proliferation, contributes to malignant transformation in various cell types. (medscape.com)
[ 1 ] His prediction was subsequently supported by the cloning of the retinoblastoma tumor suppressor gene ( RB1 ) and by functional studies of the retinoblastoma protein, Rb. (medscape.com)
Like Rb protein, many of the proteins encoded by tumor suppressor genes act at specific points in the cell cycle. (medscape.com)
Another important class of tumor suppressor genes involved in cell cycle control and in the generation of human cancers is the cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors. (medscape.com)

For example, the encoded protein represses the transcription of differentiation-specific genes during keratinocyte proliferation, but this repression is then overcome by differentiation signals. (nih.gov)
Homeobox proteins are master regulators of develop-ment and control many cellular processes, including proliferation, apoptosis, cell shape, and cell migration. (123dok.net)

Within the scope of this work, it could be shown that regulated nucleo-cytoplasmic transport of a subfamily of homeobox transcription factors controlled their intra- and intercellular transport, and thereby influencing also their transcriptional activity. (uni-frankfurt.de)

Although these genes are found in various metazoans, plants, fungi and even unicellular eukaryotes, bilaterians have evolved the largest diversity of homeobox genes that arose predominantly due to extensive tandem duplications [ 2 , 4 , 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Hox genes, a subset of homeobox genes, are a group of related genes that specify regions of the body plan of an embryo along the head-tail axis of animals. (wikipedia.org)
Hox proteins are a subset of transcription factors, which are proteins that are capable of binding to specific nucleotide sequences on DNA called enhancers through which they either activate or repress hundreds of other genes. (wikipedia.org)
The Hox genes, being a subset of homeobox genes, arose more recently in evolution within the animal kingdom or Metazoa. (wikipedia.org)
We found 17 gene alterations in the RT insensitive patient subset that were not found in the RT supersensitive patient subset. (biomedcentral.com)

In vertebrates, the genes encoding the class of transcription factors called homeobox genes are found in clusters named A, B, C, and D on four separate chromosomes. (nih.gov)
For example, Hox genes in insects specify which appendages form on a segment (for example, legs, antennae, and wings in fruit flies), and Hox genes in vertebrates specify the types and shape of vertebrae that will form. (wikipedia.org)

This implies that Hox genes arose over 550 million years ago. (wikipedia.org)

In bilateria, Hox genes are often arranged in gene clusters, although there are many exceptions where the genes have been separated by chromosomal rearrangements. (wikipedia.org)
this observation led to the conclusion that Hox gene clusters evolved early in animal evolution from a single Hox gene via tandem duplication and subsequent divergence, and that a prototypic Hox gene cluster containing at least seven different Hox genes was present in the common ancestor of all bilaterian animals. (wikipedia.org)

The homeobox genes of animals are categorized into eleven classes, with the Antennapedia class (ANTP) being one of the largest, comprising the Hox, ParaHox and NK gene families [ 5 , 9 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

The Arabidopsis Athb-8,-9 and-14 genes are members of a small gene family coding for highly related HD-ZIP proteins[J]. Plant Molecular Biology,1998,38(4):609-622. (nefu.edu.cn)
The HAT2 gene,a member of the HD-Zip gene family,isolated as an auxin inducible gene by DNA microarray screening,affects auxin response in Arabidopsis [J]. The Plant Journal,2002,32(6):1011-1022. (nefu.edu.cn)

NK genes are a group of homeobox transcription factors that are involved in various molecular pathways across bilaterians. (biomedcentral.com)
What pathways are this gene/protein implicaed in? (cancerindex.org)

less than half gene citations stem from gene regulatory networks. (henlab.org)

We show significant dysregulation of these developmentally crucial genes and specifically that HOX genes A9, A10, C4 and D9 are strong candidates for biomarkers and treatment targets for GBM and GBM cancer stem cells. (biomedcentral.com)
The contribution of the identified genes may be crucial for successful liverwort sexual reproduction. (biomedcentral.com)
A number of genes have been identified in several angiosperm species which play crucial functions in many different steps of the male and female gametophytes formation [ 2 , 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

My translational interests and contributions have spanned blood/lymphatic vascular endothelial cell biology and pathobiology in vitro and in vivo, hepatosplanchnic lymphatic/microcirculatory physiology, small animal models, in vivo lymphatic imaging, thoracic duct lymph drainage, lymphogenous cancer spread, and genomics/proteomics of lymphedema-angiodysplasia syndromes in man and experimental models, including defects, deficiency, and overexpression of human and murine lymphangio- gene-sis genes and their syndromic/phenotypic manifestations. (arizona.edu)

The TP53 gene is also capable of stimulating apoptosis of cells containing damaged DNA. (medscape.com)

Here we show that the brown adipose differentiation gene, EBF2, activates differentiation-associated signals in the cancer progenitor cells in culture and CSC transplantation models. (amegroups.org)

Total count of NCBI Gene Reference Into Function hits for target listed in parenthesis, and summary table with links to publications per PMID with the specific text in article that includes the reported target. (nih.gov)

The protein encoded by this gene contains a homeobox domain and may be involved in the morphogenesis of the central nervous system. (nih.gov)

The applica tion of new genetic tools also led to the discovery of an important familial neuroblastoma cancer gene, ALK , which is mutated in approximately 8% of sporadic tumors, and genome-wide association studies have unveiled loci with risk alleles for neuroblastoma development. (biomedcentral.com)

They are typically divided into two subgroups, the NK cluster (NKC) and NK-linked genes (NKL). (biomedcentral.com)

Although carcinogenic roles for the INK4B, INK4C, INK4D, CIP1, KIP1, and KIP2 genes appear to be limited, INK4A is among the most commonly mutated genes in human tumors. (medscape.com)

A genome-wide survey of HD-Zip genes in rice and analysis of drought-responsive family members[J]. Plant Molecular Biology,2008,66(1-2):87-103. (nefu.edu.cn)

The consensus polypeptide chain is shown below: Hox proteins often act in partnership with co-factors, such as PBC and Meis proteins encoded by very different types of homeobox gene. (wikipedia.org)

In the present study bioinformatics analysis demonstrated cardiac hypertrophy signaling may be the most important pathway for upregulating genes in sesamin-treated groups. (spandidos-publications.com)

Approved gene symbol with link to HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee. (nih.gov)

In flowering plants a number of genes have been identified which control the transition from a vegetative to generative phase of life cycle. (biomedcentral.com)
Moreover we observed ten-fold increased transcripts level for all three genes in the archegonial tissue in comparison to the vegetative parts of the same female thalli grown in natural habitat suggesting their connection to archegonia development. (biomedcentral.com)

In this study, 23 HD-Zip genes distributed on 6 chromosomes were identified from the peach ( Prunus persica ) genome, and named PpHDZ01-23 according to their positions on the chromosomes. (biomedcentral.com)
In this study, we identified 22 ZF-HD genes in the tomato genome and classified them into seven groups located on six chromosomes. (ashs.org)

Although many functional studies of this gene family have been performed in different plants, the features of this family in tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum ) remain unknown. (ashs.org)

However, homeobox gene organization remains to be fully elucidated in several key animal ancestors, including those of molluscs, lophotrochozoans and bilaterians. (st-andrews.ac.uk)
According to World Health Organization classification, the diagnosis was myelodysplastic syndrome-u. (biomedcentral.com)

Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene. (beds.ac.uk)

This is the first study including molecular studies of 11 MODY genes in Turkish children. (degruyter.com)

The NKL gene complement of E. rowelli comprises eight genes, including BarH , Bari , Emx , Hhex , Nedx , NK2.1 , vax and NK2.2 , of which only NK2.2 was studied previously. (biomedcentral.com)

Clinical implications of a molecular genetic classification of monogenic beta-cell diabetes. (degruyter.com)

The same Hox protein can act as a repressor at one gene and an activator at another. (wikipedia.org)

Within the animal kingdom, Hox genes are present across the bilateria (animals with a clear head-to-tail axis), and have also been found in Cnidaria such as sea anemones. (wikipedia.org)

Anatomy41

Organisms23

Diseases6

Chemicals and Drugs43

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment24

Phenomena and Processes52

Disciplines and Occupations2

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Information Science14

Health Care6

Encode6

Mutations11

Chromosome8

Transcription factor5

Target genes2

Tissues11

Drosophila4

Ontology1

PITX21

Sequence2

Zinc-finger3

Regulation2

Expression16

Evolutionary4

KNOX21

Mutation6

Genomic3

Differentially expressed1

Analyses1

Homeodomain4

Tumor7

Proliferation2

Subfamily1

Eukaryotes1

Subset4

Vertebrates2

Arose1

Clusters2

ParaHox1

Arabidopsis2

Pathways2

Citations1

Crucial3

Syndromic1

Apoptosis1

Differentiation1

PMID1

Morphogenesis1

Familial1

Cluster1

Tumors1

Genome-wide1

Proteins encoded1

Bioinformatics1

Symbol1

Vegetative2

Chromosomes2

Family1

Organization2

Transcript1

Studies1

Comprises1

Molecular1

Repressor1

Found1