• Using the opiate alkaloid thebaine, oxycodone was first synthesized by two German scientists in 1916, as a supposedly non-addictive, synthetic substitute for narcotics like heroin, which had been banned two years earlier. (treatment4addiction.com)
  • Alkaloids have a wide range of pharmacological activities including antimalarial (e.g. quinine), antiasthma (e.g. ephedrine), anticancer (e.g. homoharringtonine), cholinomimetic (e.g. galantamine), vasodilatory (e.g. vincamine), antiarrhythmic (e.g. quinidine), analgesic (e.g. morphine), antibacterial (e.g. chelerythrine), and antihyperglycemic activities (e.g. piperine). (wikipedia.org)
  • Recent trends in pharmacological activity of alkaloids in animal colitis: potential use for inflammatory bowel disease. (novapublishers.com)
  • Pharmacological activity of alkaloids: a review. (novapublishers.com)
  • An alkaloid is a nitrogenous organic molecule that has a pharmacological effect on humans and animals. (pharmacy180.com)
  • Even though many alkaloids are poisonous (e.g. strychnine or coniine), some are used in medicine as analgesics (pain relievers) or anaesthetics, particularly morphine and codeine. (pharmacy180.com)
  • Specifically, it excludes consumption of the pure alkaloids that can be extracted from opium (e.g. morphine and codeine), their semisynthetic modifications (e.g. heroin), or wholly synthetic opioid compounds (e.g. fentanyl). (who.int)
  • This means that neither the total alkaloid content, nor a single alkaloid can be recommended as reliable indicators of the potential adverse effects to livestock associated with the ingestion of ergot contaminated feeds. (thebeefsite.com)
  • Purified total extracts (PTA) takes total alkaloid extracts (TA) through another level of purification. (magicmushroomsforsaleonline.com)
  • Purified total extracts (PTA) takes total alkaloid extracts (TA) thro ugh another level of purification. (themagictruffleshop.com)
  • Ergot alkaloids (also named ergolines) exert toxic effects in all animal species, and the most prominent toxic signs can be attributed to the interaction of ergot alkaloids with adrenergic, serotinergic and dopaminergic receptors. (thebeefsite.com)
  • Information on the chemical and toxicological properties of individual ergot alkaloids is too limited at the present time for their selection as individual marker toxins when it comes to monitoring the extent of contamination. (thebeefsite.com)
  • These selected substances bind ergot alkaloids in the gastrointestinal tract, reduce their bioavailability and increase their excretion as an adsorbent-toxin complex, thus helping control the negative impacts of these mycotoxins. (thebeefsite.com)
  • Endophytic toxins in grasses include ergot alkaloids in tall fescue and tremorgens (e.g., lolitrem B) in perennial ryegrass. (thebeefsite.com)
  • Concomitant ergot alkaloids: not recommended. (oncologynurseadvisor.com)
  • Alkaloids are a class of basic, naturally occurring organic compounds that contain at least one nitrogen atom. (wikipedia.org)
  • Some synthetic compounds of similar structure may also be termed alkaloids. (wikipedia.org)
  • The boundary between alkaloids and other nitrogen-containing natural compounds is not clear-cut. (wikipedia.org)
  • Natural compounds containing nitrogen in the exocyclic position (mescaline, serotonin, dopamine, etc.) are usually classified as amines rather than as alkaloids. (wikipedia.org)
  • alkaloid is applied to nitrogen containing molecules belonging to one of the largest and most diverse families of naturally occurring compounds. (slideshare.net)
  • In chapter IV, I hypothesized that certain compounds in the venom alkaloid profiles of fire ant species mediate preference in their hosts, Pseudacteon phorid flies (Diptera: Phoridae) for imported versus native fire ants. (auburn.edu)
  • All contain the toxic alkaloids scopolamine, atropine and hyoscyamine, which are widely synthesized into modern medicinal compounds but are deadly poisonous if used outside a doctor's supervision. (applepark.in)
  • The enhancement of antibiotic activity or the reversal of antibiotic resistance by natural or synthetic non-conventional antibiotics affords the classification of these compounds as modifiers of antibiotic activity. (springer.com)
  • Alkaloids can be toxic too (e.g. atropine, tubocurarine). (wikipedia.org)
  • The term ergot alkaloid refers to a diverse group of about forty different toxins which are formed by Claviceps spp. (thebeefsite.com)
  • Many poison dart frogs secrete lipophilic alkaloid toxins through their skin. (infovisual.info)
  • Extracts from plants containing toxic alkaloids, such as aconitine and tubocurarine, were used since antiquity for poisoning arrows. (wikipedia.org)
  • Extracts containing these terpene indole alkaloids (TIAs) can inhibit the formation and destabilize preformed fibrils of amyloid β protein (a pathological marker of Alzheimer's disease), and have been shown to improve the cognitive function of mice with Alzheimer-like symptoms. (biomedcentral.com)
  • There are various extraction and isolation methods, available to obtain alkaloids in a smooth manner, where some are common and some are specific. (novapublishers.com)
  • Herein, this work is a comprehensive revision of the web of knowledge on the introductory sight of alkaloids, their classification, extraction techniques, identification tests and pharmaceutical applications. (novapublishers.com)
  • The chapter on the functional-antioxidant food presents the antioxidant functional food concept, the classification, the structure, and the extraction process of antioxidant ingredients. (intechopen.com)
  • it talks first introduction then classifications then we talk about the properties , applications ,then lastly we talked about the extraction. (slideshare.net)
  • Morphine is the most important opium alkaloid used as a narcotic analgesic. (biologyease.com)
  • Morphine is the main alkaloid of opium, used in medicine as an analgesic for the treatment of acute and chronic pain. (aanabolic.com)
  • The principal alkaloid in opium and the prototype opiate analgesic and narcotic. (drugfacts.org.uk)
  • Alkaloids are found as secondary metabolites in plants (e.g. in Vinca and Datura), animals (e.g. in shellfish) and fungi, and can be extracted from their sources by treatment with acids (usually hydrochloric acid or sulphuric acid, though organic acids, such as maleic acid and citric acid are sometimes used). (pharmacy180.com)
  • The first complete synthesis of an alkaloid was achieved in 1886 by the German chemist Albert Ladenburg. (wikipedia.org)
  • H. J (ed) Alkaloid synthesis. (novapublishers.com)
  • The analyses led to new reliable evidence for the presence of opioid alkaloids and their decomposition products. (iucc.ac.il)
  • Alkaloids extracted from various species of Cinchona. (nih.gov)
  • Piperlonguminine is an alkaloid amide isolated from the Piper species. (medchemexpress.com)
  • In vivo growth inhibition of sarcoma 180 by piperlonguminine, an alkaloid amide from the Piper species. (medchemexpress.com)
  • Differing coloration has historically misidentified single species as separate, and there is still controversy among taxonomists over classification. (infovisual.info)
  • Results from the behavioral experiments provide evidence for the involvement of venom alkaloids in mediating host preference of Pseudacteon species between native and imported Solenopsis fire ants. (auburn.edu)
  • The first product, for which a flow chart was actually submitted, consists of a powdered extract, obtained from the immature dried fruit of Citrus Aurantium L. (commonly known as "bitter orange"), stated to contain 6% synephrine (a naturally occurring alkaloid), by weight. (faqs.org)
  • Total alkaloids extract (TA) is extracted from the root, but does not undergo any purification process. (psychedel.us)
  • The transcriptome data from this study provides an important resource for understanding the formation of major bioactive constituents in the capsule extract from Uncaria , and provides information that may aid in metabolic engineering to increase yields of these important alkaloids. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Other alkaloids possess psychotropic (e.g. psilocin) and stimulant activities (e.g. cocaine, caffeine, nicotine, theobromine), and have been used in entheogenic rituals or as recreational drugs. (wikipedia.org)
  • A significant contribution to the chemistry of alkaloids in the early years of its development was made by the French researchers Pierre Joseph Pelletier and Joseph Bienaimé Caventou, who discovered quinine (1820) and strychnine (1818). (wikipedia.org)
  • The development of the chemistry of alkaloids was accelerated by the emergence of spectroscopic and chromatographic methods in the 20th century, so that by 2008 more than 12,000 alkaloids had been identified. (wikipedia.org)
  • Buxus steroidal alkaloids: chemistry and biology. (novapublishers.com)
  • strychnine is obtained from the seed of the Strychnine tree (Strychnos nux-vomica L.). Where several alkaloids are extracted from one plant their names are often distinguished by variations in the suffix: "idine", "anine", "aline", "inine" etc. (wikipedia.org)
  • Alkaloids are decomposed by heat, except Strychnine and caffeine (sublimable). (slideshare.net)
  • Alkaloid-containing plants have been used by humans since ancient times for therapeutic and recreational purposes. (wikipedia.org)
  • Therapeutic Chemical Classification System (ATC) codes of medications that experts considered indicative for respiratory infectious disease complaints. (cdc.gov)
  • Rapid classification and identification of chemical constituents in Epimedium koreanum Nakai by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS combined with data post-processing techniques. (illumina.com)
  • CDC can assess selected specimens on a provisional basis for urinary ricinine, an alkaloid in the castor bean plant. (cdc.gov)
  • Alkaloids as drug leads-a predictive structural and biodiversity based analysis. (novapublishers.com)
  • In your letter dated September 6, 2005, you requested a tariff classification ruling. (faqs.org)
  • In your letter dated September 29, 1993, received on October 13, 1993, you requested a tariff classification ruling. (faqs.org)
  • Alkaloids are produced by a large variety of organisms including bacteria, fungi, plants, and animals. (wikipedia.org)
  • This fungus produces the ergot responsible for the ergot alkaloid group of mycotoxins and parasitizes the seed heads of plants at the time of flowering. (thebeefsite.com)
  • Since ancient times, people have used plants containing alkaloids as remedies in the form of teas, poultices, potions, etc. to treat some diseases or sometimes as poison and dyes. (novapublishers.com)
  • Thousands of Alkaloids are known to exist in thousands of plants, but they are of interest mostly because of their physiological effects on humans and animals. (ukcigarforums.com)
  • In general, many alkaloids are pharmacologically active and possess various physiological activities in humans and animals. (novapublishers.com)
  • Harmala alkaloids are RIMA's which selectively and reversibly inhibit the enzyme 'Monoamine Oxidase A' (MAO-A). Because of the reversibility and selectivity RIMAs are safer than MAOI's. (dmt-nexus.me)