The lectin pathway or lectin complement pathway is a type of cascade reaction in the complement system, similar in structure to the classical complement pathway, in that, after activation, it proceeds through the action of C4 and C2 to produce activated complement proteins further down the cascade. (wikipedia.org)
At that time, glycobiology, which is the study of carbohydrates and their recognition by motif-specific carbohydrate-binding proteins or lectins, lagged far behind the studies that defined the structural and cellular biology of cell death. (nature.com)
Activation of the complement system in response to an infection or foreign antigen is achieved via three complement pathways, the classical pathway, which is activated by antigen-antibody complexes, the lectin pathway, which is activated by the interaction of microbial carbohydrates with mannose-binding proteins in the plasma and tissue fluids, and the alternative complement pathway, which is activated by C3b binding to microbial surfaces and to antibody molecules. (hindawi.com)
Lectin arrays are widely used tools for analyzing glycosylation in proteins and cells. (muni.cz)
They utilize a panel of lectins (saccharide-binding proteins with distinct sugar specificities) immobilized onto a solid surface. (muni.cz)
Lectins are a diverse group of proteins, both in terms of structure and activity. (embl.de)
When examined from the viewpoint of the bound sugar, the structural information accumulated so far on lectins and other proteins that are specific to galactose and glucose (or mannose), provides suggestive evidence for distinct ligand-dependent distribution of hydrogen-bond partners in the combining site. (embl.de)
By a series of specific activation steps via either the classical, alternative, or the lectin pathway, the complement proteins mediate a set of activities ranging from the initiation of inflammation, clearance of immune complexes, disruption of cell membranes, and regulation of the immune response. (quidel.com)
In a cascade of proteolytic cleavage events, MASP-2 activates complement proteins C4 and C2 to form C4b2a (classical C3 convertase), thereby converging the lectin pathway with the classical pathway of complement activation. (escholarship.org)
Further, MASP-2 activity is regulated by several factors, including the serine protease inhibitor C1INH and by interaction with other proteins of the lectin complement pathway. (escholarship.org)
Animal lectins1
The emergence of functional studies on animal lectins during the 1990s has provided the appropriate framework to better understand their roles in cell death. (nature.com)
Mannan7
Mannan-binding lectin, also called mannose-binding protein, is a protein belonging to the collectin family that is produced by the liver and can initiate the complement cascade by binding to pathogen surfaces. (wikipedia.org)
Classical complement pathway Alternative complement pathway Mannan-binding lectin Wallis R, Mitchell DA, Schmid R, Schwaeble WJ, Keeble AH (2010). (wikipedia.org)
Mannan-binding lectin (MBL) and MBL-associated serine proteases (MASPs) are involved in the initial step of the lectin pathway of complement activation. (abcam.com)
Molecular representation of the interface between mannan-binding lectin and MASP-1. (le.ac.uk)
MASP-2 (mannose/mannan binding lectin (MBL) associated serine protease-2) is a serum protein predominantly synthesized by the liver as a ~75kDa protein and is one of the key molecules of the innate immune system. (escholarship.org)
There are three types of complement cascade, the classical and alternative pathways and the Mannan-binding lectin pathway. (vetsci.co.uk)
As proteínas do soro MBL (Mannan binding lectin), L-ficolina e H-ficolina ligam a carboidratos na superfície dos tripomastigotas metacíclicos. (fiocruz.br)
Molecules6
The MASPs are very similar to C1r and C1s molecules of the classical complement pathway, respectively. (wikipedia.org)
Two decades later, pioneering studies suggested that lectin-like molecules constitutively expressed on the surface of macrophages can selectively recognize changes on glycans decorating the surface of apoptotic thymocytes, 4 , 5 although these studies likewise did not provide substantial insight into the mechanisms by which lectin-glycan interactions regulate cell death. (nature.com)
C1 is the first molecule in the classical complement cascade and comprises C1q and two molecules of C1r and C1s respectively. (abcam.com)
heterodimers) - a C-type lectin family receptor, conserved in both rodents and primates and identifies non-classical (also non-polymorphic) MHC I molecules like HLA E . Though indirect, this is a way to survey the levels of classical (polymorphic) HLA molecules, however, because expression of HLA-E at the cell surface is dependent upon the presence of classical MHC class I leader peptides. (wikidoc.org)
Pattern-recognition molecules such as mannose-binding lectin (MBL), collectins, and ficolins-collectively termed lectins-bind to DAMPs on injured host cells, forming activation complexes with MBL-associated serine proteases 1, 2, and 3 (MASP-1, MASP-2, and MASP-3). (biomedcentral.com)
The classical pathway is triggered by activation of the C1-complex (which consists of one molecule C1q and two molecules C1r and C1s), either by C1q's binding to antibodies from classes M and G, complexed with antigens , or by its binding C1q to the surface of the pathogen. (wikidoc.org)
The lectin pathway can be triggered when mannose binding protein (MBL) or ficolins bind to conserved carbohydrate constructions. (biotech2012.org)
Alternative20
If it is not then inactivated, it will combine with C2a to form the classical C3 convertase (C4bC2a) on the surface of the pathogen, as opposed to the alternative C3 convertase (C3bBb) involved in the alternative pathway. (wikipedia.org)
the classical pathway initiated by antibodies bound to the surface of foreign bodies and the alternative and lectin pathways that provide an antibody-independent mechanism for complement activation, induced by the presence of bacteria and other micro-organisms. (abcam.com)
occurs by three pathways: the classical pathway, the lectin pathway, and the alternative pathway (or properdin system). (britannica.com)
The term alternative is something of a misnomer because this pathway almost certainly evolved before the classical pathway. (britannica.com)
Danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) are endogenous ligands released from renal tubular cells following ischemia/reperfusion injury that activate the complement system through the classical, lectin and alternative pathways. (nature.com)
The classical, lectin, and alternative pathways converge into a final common pathway when C3 convertase (C3 con) cleaves C3 into C3a and C3b. (msdmanuals.com)
Activation of the complement system occurs through the classical (CP), lectin (LP), or alternative (AP) pathways. (jrheum.org)
Enjaymo™ is a first-in-class humanized monoclonal antibody that selectively inhibits the C1 complex of the classical complement pathway, preventing its CAD-associated activation and targeted destruction of healthy red blood cells while leaving the alternative and lectin complement pathways intact. (sanofi.com)
Three activating pathways comprise the complement cascade (classical, mannose-binding lectin, and alternative), and all converge on the proteolytic cleavage of C3 to generate an arsenal of inflammatory mediators, including the opsonin C3b and the anaphylatoxin C3a. (molvis.org)
All three recognition and initiation pathways, the classical (CP), lectin (LP) and alternative (AP) pathways, converge in the activation of C3. (justia.com)
Join experts from InflaRx, Apellis, Novartis, Roche, Genentech and Achillion to discuss targeting the classical, lectin and alternative pathways and creating robust testing and assay measures for patient selection and response. (genetherapynet.com)
In a similar manner to the classical pathway, the alternative pathway works by forming the MAC (membrane attack complex). (vetsci.co.uk)
The complement system can be activated by the classical, lectin and alternative pathways. (fiocruz.br)
The classical complement pathway typically requires antibodies for activation (specific immune response), while the alternative and mannose-binding lectin pathways can be activated by C3 hydrolysis or antigens without the presence of antibodies (non-specific immune response). (wikidoc.org)
The classical and alternative complement pathways. (wikidoc.org)
Invading pathogens activate complement either spontaneously due to differences in envelope/membrane composition compared to host (alternative and lectin pathways) or through antibody binding (classical pathway). (lu.se)
C4b-binding protein (C4BP) is the major soluble inhibitor of the classical and lectin pathways whereas factor H (FH) inhibits the alternative route. (lu.se)
The complement system is activated via 3 different mechanisms: (1) the classical pathway, which is activated by antibody-antigen complexes, (2) the alternative pathway, which is activated by microbial cell surfaces in the absence of antibodies, and (3) the lectin pathway, which is activated by mannose residues on microbes. (medscape.com)
Serine Protease1
Multimers of MBL form a complex with MASP1 (Mannose-binding lectin-Associated Serine Protease), MASP2 and MASP3, that are protease zymogens. (wikipedia.org)
Coagulation cascade1
Activation of the lectin pathway may also trigger the coagulation cascade via MASP-2 cleavage of prothrombin to thrombin. (biomedcentral.com)
Convertase3
C2a remains associated with C4b to form the classical pathway C3 convertase (C4b2a). (abcam.com)
The latter binds to the C3 convertase complex to form C4b2a3b, the classical pathway C5 convertase. (abcam.com)
The classical mannose binding lectin activation pathway leads to the C3 convertase C4b2a. (biossusa.com)
Deficiency2
Mannose-binding Lectin deficiency - These individuals are prone to recurrent infections, including infections of the upper respiratory tract and other body systems. (wikipedia.org)
Infants and young children with mannose-binding lectin deficiency seem to be more susceptible to infections, but adults can also develop recurrent infections. (wikipedia.org)
Initiation2
We discuss here the contribution of glycan-lectin interactions to the initiation, execution and resolution of apoptosis and their emerging roles in other cell death programs including autophagy. (nature.com)
I'm a biochemist interested in understanding the molecular changes that occur during initiation of the classical and lectin pathways of complement activation. (le.ac.uk)
Activation5
MAp44 has been suggested to act as a competitive inhibitor of lectin pathway activation, by displacing MASP-2 from MBL, hence preventing cleavage of C4 and C2 C4b tends to bind to bacterial cell membranes. (wikipedia.org)
Following these cleavage events, complement pathway activation continues as in the classical pathway. (abcam.com)
Endothelial injury triggers activation of the complement system-significantly through the lectin pathway-via altered cell-surface patterns on injured endothelial cells, initiating an inflammatory response [ 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Here we discuss evidence for the role of lectin pathway activation in endothelial injury-associated complications of HSCT and how targeting complement activity may provide therapeutic benefit for patients with HSCT-TMA. (biomedcentral.com)
Classical pathway activation is normally is certainly and antibody-dependent initiated when C1q binds for an immune system complicated. (biotech2012.org)
Binds2
In this pathway, mannose-binding lectin binds to mannose, glucose, or other sugars with 3- and 4-OH groups placed in the equatorial plane, in terminal positions on carbohydrate or glycoprotein components of microorganisms including bacteria such as Salmonella, Listeria, and Neisseria strains. (wikipedia.org)
In contrast to the classical complement pathway, the lectin pathway does not recognize an antibody bound to its target. (wikipedia.org)
The classical pathway is triggered by interaction of the Fc portion of an antibody (immunoglobulin [Ig] M, IgG1, IgG2, IgG3) or C-reactive protein with C1q. (medscape.com)
Lectins activate the lectin pathway in a manner similar to the antibody interaction with complement in the classical pathway. (medscape.com)
Is capable of host defense against pathogens, by activating the classical complement pathway independently of the antibody. (lu.se)
Interactions2
Lectin-carbohydrate interactions: different folds, common recognition principles. (embl.de)
These interactions activate complement via the lectin and classical pathways, respectively. (le.ac.uk)
Mediate1
Intracellular lectins and glycan-modifying enzymes mediate autophagy and control host immunity and inflammation. (nature.com)
Recognition5
Understanding the function of lectin-glycan recognition systems in cell death will facilitate the implementation of novel therapeutic strategies aimed at controlling unbalanced cell proliferation and survival in several pathologic conditions. (nature.com)
This domain, which is known as the C-type lectin domain (CTL) or as the carbohydrate-recognition domain (CRD), consists of about 110 to 130 residues. (embl.de)
Lectins can be found in many organisms and are involved in a multitude of cellular processes that depend on specific recognition of complex carbohydrates. (embl.de)
Structural basis of lectin-carbohydrate recognition. (embl.de)
Lectins are responsible for cell surface sugar recognition in bacteria, animals, and plants. (embl.de)
The fabricated lectin arrays will be used to map the glycosylation changes at different stages of cell differentiation and under different physiopathological conditions. (muni.cz)
Components1
Classical pathway components are labeled with a C and a number (eg, C1, C3), based on the order in which they were identified. (msdmanuals.com)
Molecular1
In particular, the lectin pathway of complement is activated by damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) on the surface of injured endothelial cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Functional1
CH 50 (total hemolytic complement assay) measures the ability of the serum test sample to lyse 50% of sheep RBCs coated with rabbit immunoglobulin, reflecting the functional status of the classical and terminal complement pathways. (medscape.com)
Synthesis1
Classical cytotoxic immunosuppressants act by inhibiting DNA synthesis. (lookformedical.com)
Surface1
The classical array in the microscope slide format was prepared by non-contact piezo dispensing of lectins onto a functionalized glass slide and their immobilization using various surface chemistries (immobilization on epoxy groups, NHS/EDC coupling). (muni.cz)