• In molecular biology, the cyclin-dependent kinase regulatory subunit family is a family of proteins consisting of the regulatory subunits of cyclin-dependent protein kinases. (wikipedia.org)
  • The proteins bind to a regulatory subunit, cyclin-dependent kinase regulatory subunit (CKS), which is essential for their function. (wikipedia.org)
  • This regulatory subunit is a small protein of 79 to 150 residues. (wikipedia.org)
  • CDC28 protein kinase regulatory subunit. (gsea-msigdb.org)
  • In our previous research, we showed that the cyclin-dependent kinase regulatory subunit (CKS2) in maize (Zea mays L.) was induced by water deficit and cold stress. (edu.pl)
  • Hadwiger J, Wittenberg C, Mendenhall M, Reed S (1989) The saccharomyces cerevisiae cks1 gene, a homolog of the schizo-saccharomyces pombe suc1+ gene, encodes a subunit of the cdc28 protein kinase complex. (edu.pl)
  • This family includes the CKS1B and CKS2 genes in mammals. (wikipedia.org)
  • Giuliano G, Pichersky E, Malik V, Timko M, Scolnik P, Cashmore A (1988) An evolutionarily conserved protein binding sequence upstream of a plant light-regulated gene. (edu.pl)
  • The photoperiod-dependent pathway of floral promotion converges on the gene CONSTANS ( CO ), which is known to be expressed in a circadian manner [ 10 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In primary mammalian cells oncogenic induces premature senescence depending on an active MEK-extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. (molecularcircuit.com)
  • Further, we driven that LBH589 and KLF9 governed the appearance of pro- and anti- apoptotic protein, suggesting a system which involves the caspase-dependent apoptotic pathway. (immune-source.com)
  • Consequently, the transition to flowering is under strict genetic and environmental control [ 1 ], with floral initiation being induced by both external (photoperiod- and vernalization-dependent) and internal pathways (autonomous, age- and gibberellin-dependent) [ 2 - 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The proto-oncogene family members encodes little GTP binding proteins that transduce development indicators from cell surface area receptors in response to extracellular stimuli (1 6 37 Prior studies have recommended that aberrant activation of is certainly a crucial stage during tumorigenesis. (molecularcircuit.com)
  • Relationship between Ras and Raf-1 qualified AP24534 prospects towards the sequential activation from the MAP kinase kinases (MAPKKs) MEK1 and MEK2 as well as the MAPKs extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 (ERK1) and ERK2. (molecularcircuit.com)
  • 1. Oncogenic potential of cyclin kinase subunit-2 in cholangiocarcinoma. (nih.gov)
  • 15. Clinical and biological impact of cyclin-dependent kinase subunit 2 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. (nih.gov)
  • 16. Expression of cyclin kinase subunit 2 in human breast cancer and its prognostic significance. (nih.gov)
  • Binds to the catalytic subunit of the cyclin dependent kinases and is essential for their biological function. (nih.gov)
  • The mammalian cyclin kinase subunit (Cks) family has two members, Cks1 and Cks2, which were identified based on the protein sequence homology to yeast Cks. (medscape.com)
  • Cyclin kinase subunit (Cks) proteins, which consist of Cks1 and Cks2 in vertebrates, are highly conserved molecules in eukaryotes. (medscape.com)
  • Cyclin-dependent kinase subunit 2 (CKS2) has been reported to promote various malignancies. (bvsalud.org)
  • Hadwiger J, Wittenberg C, Mendenhall M, Reed S (1989) The saccharomyces cerevisiae cks1 gene, a homolog of the schizo-saccharomyces pombe suc1+ gene, encodes a subunit of the cdc28 protein kinase complex. (edu.pl)
  • This subunit may associate with a beta 1 or beta 4 subunit to form an integrin that interacts with extracellular matrix proteins including members of the laminin family. (cancerindex.org)
  • 11. Clinical significance of overexpressed cyclin-dependent kinase subunits 1 and 2 in esophageal carcinoma. (nih.gov)
  • [ 1 ] Human Cks1 and Cks2 are identified based on the sequence homology to the yeast counterparts, which are subunits of cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdks) required for cell division. (medscape.com)
  • 2. Aberrant expression of Cks1 and Cks2 contributes to prostate tumorigenesis by promoting proliferation and inhibiting programmed cell death. (nih.gov)
  • 3. Cyclin-dependent kinase-associated proteins Cks1 and Cks2 are essential during early embryogenesis and for cell cycle progression in somatic cells. (nih.gov)
  • Overexpression of Cks1 and Cks2 has been reported to be associated with high aggressiveness and a poor prognosis in various malignancies, including gastric, breast and prostate carcinomas. (medscape.com)
  • Yet, whether Cks1 and Cks2 are overexpressed in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains uncharacterized. (medscape.com)
  • To investigate whether overexpression of the Cks family is clinically relevant to HCC, and whether expression patterns of Cks1 and Cks2 in HCC have diagnostic and prognostic value. (medscape.com)
  • Real-time quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, immunostaining and Western blot analyses were used to detect the expression of Cks1 and Cks2 at the mRNA and protein levels respectively. (medscape.com)
  • The associations between Cks1 and Cks2 expressions and clinical features, as well as the association between Cks1 or Cks2 and p27 kip1 expressions in HCC, were analysed. (medscape.com)
  • Expressions of Cks1 and Cks2 at both mRNA and protein levels were significantly higher in HCC than those in the adjacent noncancerous tissues (including chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis) and normal liver tissues. (medscape.com)
  • Overexpressions of Cks1 and Cks2 in HCC were closely associated with poor differentiation features. (medscape.com)
  • The expressions of both Cks1 and Cks2 were negatively associated with p27 kip1 at the protein level. (medscape.com)
  • Overexpression of Cks1 and Cks2 is associated with the aggressive tumour behaviours of HCC, and thus has diagnostic and prognostic value. (medscape.com)
  • Further efforts are needed to develop novel biomarkers for HCC based on CKs1 and Cks2 expressions. (medscape.com)
  • Both Cks1 and Cks2 share an overall 81% protein sequence homology between humans and mice. (medscape.com)
  • Furthermore, an elevated expression of Cks1 is found to be coincident with the reduction of p27 kip1 proteins in tumour cells of gastric, breast, colorectal, prostate carcinomas, as well as other malignancies. (medscape.com)
  • [ 10 ] Accumulating evidence demonstrates that expression of Cks2, like that of Cks1, is elevated in malignant tumours of different tissues, including bladder, prostate and cervical carcinomas. (medscape.com)
  • Yet, whether Cks1 or Cks2 is overexpressed in HCC has not been reported. (medscape.com)
  • 8. Overexpression of CKS2 is associated with a poor prognosis and promotes cell proliferation and invasion in breast cancer. (nih.gov)
  • CKS2 overexpression produced the opposite effects of CKS2 knockdown. (bvsalud.org)
  • The CKS2 mRNA is found to be expressed in different patterns through the cell cycle in HeLa cells, which reflects specialized role for the encoded protein. (nih.gov)
  • The differences in protein and mRNA levels in cancer tissues and non-cancerous tissues were analyzed, and we subsequently investigated the association between integrin α6 expression and key parameters indicating lung adenocarcinoma progression and overall survival rate. (cancerindex.org)
  • 10. CKS2 Promotes the Growth in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer by Downregulating Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor. (nih.gov)
  • 12. CKS2 modulates cell-cycle progression of tongue squamous cell carcinoma cells partly via modulating the cellular distribution of DUTPase. (nih.gov)
  • Cancer cells exploit antioxidant proteins, including Ferroptosis Suppressor Protein 1 (FSP1), to prevent ferroptosis. (bvsalud.org)
  • Our results revealed that CKS2 was expressed at significantly higher levels in PC tissues than in adjacent normal tissues, and a high level of CKS2 expression was associated with a poor prognosis for patients with PC. (bvsalud.org)
  • Description of the protein which includes the UniProt Function and the NCBI Gene Summary. (nih.gov)
  • Furthermore, we found that ELK1 protein regulated transcription of the CKS2 gene. (bvsalud.org)
  • Giuliano G, Pichersky E, Malik V, Timko M, Scolnik P, Cashmore A (1988) An evolutionarily conserved protein binding sequence upstream of a plant light-regulated gene. (edu.pl)
  • The gene encodes a member of the integrin alpha chain family of proteins. (cancerindex.org)
  • What does this gene/protein do? (cancerindex.org)
  • What pathways are this gene/protein implicaed in? (cancerindex.org)
  • 4. CKS2 promotes tumor progression and metastasis and is an independent predictor of poor prognosis in epithelial ovarian cancer. (nih.gov)
  • CCK-8 assays, EdU staining, colony formation assays, flow cytometry, and a xenograft tumor model were used to analyze the biological function of CKS2 in PC. (bvsalud.org)
  • Moreover, functional assays revealed that CKS2 knockdown suppressed cell proliferation, induced cell cycle S phase, G2/M phase arrest, and apoptosis in vitro, and also reduced tumor growth in vivo. (bvsalud.org)
  • This family includes the CKS1B and CKS2 genes in mammals. (wikipedia.org)
  • The protein-protein interaction network was plotted and the module analysis was performed using Search Tool for the Retrieval of Inter-acting Genes/Proteins database and Cytoscape. (nih.gov)
  • 19. EGFL7 promotes hepatocellular carcinoma cell proliferation and inhibits cell apoptosis through increasing CKS2 expression by activating Wnt/β-catenin signaling. (nih.gov)
  • No yeast two-hybrid interactions found for this protein. (yeastrc.org)
  • In conclusion, our findings suggest that CKS2 expression is regulated by ELK1, which could possibly serve as prognostic indicator and therapeutic target for PC. (bvsalud.org)
  • [ 2 ] Low levels of p27 kip1 protein have been found to be associated with high aggressiveness and a poor prognosis in patients with a variety of malignancies, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). (medscape.com)
  • 6. miR-26a and its target CKS2 modulate cell growth and tumorigenesis of papillary thyroid carcinoma. (nih.gov)
  • 17. Genomic and genetic characterization of cholangiocarcinoma identifies therapeutic targets for tyrosine kinase inhibitors. (nih.gov)
  • Scope includes mutations and abnormal protein expression. (cancerindex.org)
  • In contrast, the function of Cks2 in mammalian somatic cells remains poorly understood, although it has recently been shown to be essential for the first metaphase/anaphase transition of mammalian meiosis. (medscape.com)
  • No complex found for this protein. (yeastrc.org)
  • No mass spectrometry results found for this protein. (yeastrc.org)
  • No microscopy data found in the PDR for this protein. (yeastrc.org)
  • Although α-fetal protein (AFP) is the most important and commonly used tumour marker for the diagnosis and surveillance of human HCC, there are limitations in solely using the serum AFP level for the early diagnosis and prognosis of HCC. (medscape.com)
  • Six kinase units can be modelled to bind the hexameric structure, which may thus act as a hub for cyclin-dependent protein kinase multimerisation. (wikipedia.org)
  • Classes for this protein according to Protein ANalysis THrough Evolutionary Relationships (PANTHER) Classification System. (nih.gov)