AnatomyOrganismsChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesTechnology, Industry, AgricultureGeographicals
CitrusXanthomonas axonopodisXanthomonasCitrus sinensisPlant DiseasesPlant LeavesVirulenceBacterial ProteinsActinidiaRutaceaeAscomycotaClosterovirusMalusEricaceaeTasmaniaCaryaPhotomicrographyViroidsBiological Control AgentsHesperidinCitrus paradisiRhizobiaceaeCitrus aurantiifoliaHypocrealesXylarialesMangiferaFruitPoncirus
XanthomonasCitriFloridaPathogenDiseasesBacterialBacteriaGrapefruitGrowersBacteriumPsyllidContagiousLesionsGrowerDisease incidencePlantsSymptomsGroveOutbreakGreeningLeafControlCropsGrovesLimeFruitFungalResistanceInsectSpecies2002ObjectiveCopperTreesFruitsStreptomycinSpreadCountiesInterstateLake AlfredManagementNurseryEfficacyTree
Xanthomonas8
Citri11
  • citri prior to the development of citrus canker. (wikipedia.org)
  • citri overseason in an infected area which appears as a canker lesion on leaf or stem. (wikipedia.org)
  • citri), can cause severe damage to all citrus cultivars and some citrus relatives. (primescholarslibrary.org)
  • citri (Xcc) bacterium that infects leaves and the fruits produce a cysteine peptidase (CPXaC), which makes it a potential target for the development of effective and rapid detection methods for citrus canker. (eppo.int)
  • citri (causative agent of citrus canker), and the economically important citrus post-harvest spoilage pathogen P. digitaum . (usda.gov)
  • citri , the causal agent of citrus canker, is a pathogen difficult to control. (ishs.org)
  • The objective of this research was to evaluate the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of essential oils from Citrus aurantium (sour orange), Cymbopogon winterianus (lemongrass), Foeniculum vulgare (fennel), Pinus elliottii (pine) and Ocimum gratissimum (basil) against X. citri . (ishs.org)
  • Background Panonychus citri (McGregor) (Acari: Tetranychidae) population outbreaks after the citrus plantation's chemical application is a common observation. (researchgate.net)
  • citri (Xcc) causes citrus canker, affecting sweet orange-producing areas around the world. (rug.nl)
  • citri (X. citri), the causal agent of citrus canker, encodes an Escherichia coli M23 peptidase EnvC homolog. (bvsalud.org)
  • Upon inoculation into leaves of Rangpur lime (Citrus limonia Osbeck), the X. citri ΔenvC mutant showed a delay in causing citrus canker symptoms compared with the wild-type X. citri strain. (bvsalud.org)
Florida22
  • Under Objective 5 (rapid transfer improved canker management technology to the Florida citrus industry), 2011 canker management recommendations have been submitted for publication in the Florida Citrus Pest Management Guide and to Citrus Industry Magazine. (dsagrow.com)
  • Oral presentations have been delivered at the Florida Citrus Show and at a multi-county extension meeting. (dsagrow.com)
  • 2002. Geo-Referenced Spatiotemporal Analysis of the Urban Citrus Canker Epidemic in Florida. (innspub.net)
  • EPA yesterday rejected health concerns raised by environmental groups in approving expanded use of the pesticide aldicarb on citrus in Florida, which the agency said could help fight citrus-greening disease. (eenews.net)
  • Citrus producer groups supported the move, pointing to heavy losses the Florida citrus industry has taken over several years to citrus greening, formally known as Huanglongbing disease, or HLB. (eenews.net)
  • Citrus greening has taken a big toll on Florida citrus. (eenews.net)
  • Magna-Bon has been serving the needs of the Florida citrus community for over 15 years! (magnabon.com)
  • With the rapid spread of Citrus Canker throughout Florida, Magna-Bon has been working diligently to help growers with safe and cost-effective solutions that will help to protect crops and profitability. (magnabon.com)
  • The ACPS is now being studied by the University of Florida at the Citrus Research and Education Center at Lake Alfred. (farmprogress.com)
  • Federal and state quarantines that began in south Florida have since spread north throughout citrus-producing counties, including Brevard, and limit the movement of citrus fruit and trees for commercial replanting. (floridatrend.com)
  • The Pataki family triples its investment in a Florida citrus grove and moves to buy an upstate dairy farm. (villagevoice.com)
  • Eight days after the election, a board of state preservation officials in Florida, appointed by Governor Jeb Bush, decided to pay a company whose investors include Libby Pataki, the governor's wife, $15 million for a canker-ridden citrus grove along the border of Palm Beach and Martin counties. (villagevoice.com)
  • Something like citrus canker in Florida destroys part of the crop and that's going to cost farmers millions of dollars whether it's replacing trees, or fruit they can't sell," added Kramer. (usf.edu)
  • Hurricane Wilma hit the southern part of the state on Monday, according to preliminary estimates by Florida Citrus Mutual, the state's largest citrus grower organization. (foodnavigator.com)
  • said Florida Citrus Mutual chief executive officer Andy LaVigne. (foodnavigator.com)
  • said Mike Yeder, international marketing director at the Florida Department of Citrus (FDOC). (foodnavigator.com)
  • Some growers feel that the threat of canker, more hurricanes and - most recently - citrus greening disease, a plant condition from China that has been found in southeast Florida and appears to be spreading, make it too risky to replant. (foodnavigator.com)
  • The Florida citrus industry has a $9.1 billion economic impact to the state, employs nearly 90,000 people and covers 750,000 acres in the state. (foodnavigator.com)
  • Since it was discovered in South Florida in 2005, the plague of citrus greening has spread to nearly every grove in the state, stoking fears among growers that the $10.7 billion-a-year industry may someday disappear. (ucf.edu)
  • Now the U.S. Department of Agriculture has awarded the University of Florida a $4.6 million grant aimed at testing a potential new weapon in the fight against citrus greening: Zinkicide, a bactericide invented by a nanoparticle researcher at the University of Central Florida. (ucf.edu)
  • If effective, the bactericide could have a substantial role in combatting HLB in Florida, and in other citrus-producing states and countries. (ucf.edu)
  • Actually, citrus do fine with humidity - Florida and here in Louisiana - but most do not like it constantly warm. (blogspot.com)
Pathogen1
  • Exclude the pathogen from areas it is not known to exist by buying plants, bud wood, and seedlings only from TDA-certified citrus nurseries. (primescholarslibrary.org)
Diseases3
  • A number of types of citrus canker diseases are caused by different pathovars and variants of the bacterium: The Asiatic type of canker (canker A), X. axonopodis pv. (wikipedia.org)
  • Citrus canker is one of the most important agricultural citrus diseases worldwide. (eppo.int)
  • That could help growers better manage citrus greening and canker diseases, both of which threaten the long-term viability of the industry. (farmprogress.com)
Bacterial4
  • Greater canker susceptibility of fruit occurred in later season and was likely because of more prolonged opening of stomates in cooler weather and enhanced bacterial entry, coincident with more numerous windblown rain events. (dsagrow.com)
  • Under Objective 4 (To define risk for development of bacterial resistance to copper and streptomycin in FL citrus groves) a number of factors favorable for the development of copper resistance in Xcc were identified. (dsagrow.com)
  • 2010. Detached leaf inoculation of germplasm for rapid screening of resistance to citrus canker and citrus bacterial spot. (innspub.net)
  • In addition to crop and tree damage, the growers are concerned that the hurricane could have increased the spread of citrus canker, a bacterial disease that is spread by wind-driven rain. (foodnavigator.com)
Bacteria4
  • Citrus canker bacteria can enter through a plant's stomata or through wounds on leaves or other green parts. (wikipedia.org)
  • Citrus canker bacteria can stay viable in old lesions and other plant surfaces for several months. (wikipedia.org)
  • Background: Xanthomonads are an important clade of Gram-negative bacteria infecting a plethora of economically important host plants, including citrus. (univ-reunion.fr)
  • The bacteria that causes HLB is carried by the Asian citrus psyllid, a tiny insect that feeds on leaves and stems of infected citrus trees, then carries the bacteria to healthy trees. (ucf.edu)
Grapefruit9
  • Objective 1: Assess canker resistance conferred by the PAMP receptors EFR and XA21 Three constructs were used for genetic transformation of Duncan grapefruit and sweet orange as part of a previous grant: EFR, EFR coexpressed with XA21, and EFR coexpressed with an XA21:EFR chimera. (citrusrdf.org)
  • To ensure that there will be sufficient events to analyze to come to a conclusion about the effectiveness of these genes, we have initiated more transformations in Duncan grapefruit at the Core Citrus Transformation Facility at UF Lake Alfred. (citrusrdf.org)
  • The citrus Bs5 homolog was sequenced from both Carrizo citrange and Duncan grapefruit, and conserved CRISPR targets were identified. (citrusrdf.org)
  • Copper formulations containing copper hydroxide or basic copper sulfate (metallic rates of 0.67 to 1.12 kg/ha), varied from low (Hamlin) to moderately effective (grapefruit) for canker control of fruit disease incidence. (dsagrow.com)
  • Since Magna-Bon performed as well as film-forming copper products for control of canker on grapefruit the last two seasons, we have hypothesized that the Magna-Bon copper may be locally systemic in fruit rind tissues. (dsagrow.com)
  • Under Objective 3 ( evaluate the use of streptomycin [Firewall]) As in the past three seasons, applications of Firewall in July and August, were effective for canker control on grapefruit either in combination with a reduced rate of copper or when substituted for copper in the spray program. (dsagrow.com)
  • Based on Firewall's efficacy and ability to lower the risk of copper phytotoxicity, an application has been submitted by FFVA and FDACS to gain EPA Section 18 emergency registration for use of Firewall against canker on fresh grapefruit. (dsagrow.com)
  • Meanwhile, citrus greening continues to take a toll on Brevard's orange and grapefruit trees. (floridatrend.com)
  • Citrus greening - also known by its Chinese name, Huanglongbing, or HLB - causes orange, grapefruit and other citrus trees to produce small, bitter fruit that drop prematurely and is unsuitable for sale or juice. (ucf.edu)
Growers7
  • The discovery of citrus canker disease in Georgia last week has prompted industry leaders to caution growers about where they buy their trees. (citrusindustry.net)
  • She said the best way growers can prevent citrus canker is to make sure they purchase their trees from a certified nursery, which is inspected once a month and tested twice a year. (citrusindustry.net)
  • Magna-Bon CS 2005 offers growers a unique and effective OMRI-listed , copper sulfate pentahydrate that is an environmentally friendly bactericide fungicide that offers proven results through multiple levels of control on a range of specialty fruits, vegetables, citrus and tree nuts. (magnabon.com)
  • Central Highlands' citrus growers say they are not confident of being allowed back into the domestic fruit market. (wn.com)
  • Citrus growers also continue to battle another tree disease endemic to Asia, citrus canker, and other pests. (floridatrend.com)
  • Under the theoretically correct approach, citrus canker is estimated to cost growers $320 million in present value terms over the next 50 years. (agriculture.gov.au)
  • By contrast, under the standard approach, citrus canker is estimated to cost growers just $80 million. (agriculture.gov.au)
Bacterium6
  • The bacterium grows and multiplies in diseased plant parts all aboveground parts of the citrus tree are susceptible. (primescholarslibrary.org)
  • Since there is no cure for the bacterium, prevention is the best approach to managing citrus canker. (primescholarslibrary.org)
  • The immunosensor showed a detection limit of 13.0 nmol L-1 with excellent specificity, showing no response for different proteins that include another cysteine peptidase that is used as a target to detect Xylella fastidiosa bacterium, responsible for another important citrus disease. (eppo.int)
  • An initiative launched in 1997, exactly 10 years ago, it obtained its first international acknowledgement by means of the publication of an article on the cover of the journal Nature about the sequencing of the genetic code of the bacterium Xylella fastidiosa , which causes citrus variegated chlorosis, and attacks orange plantations (v. 406, n. 6.792, 13 July 2000). (fapesp.br)
  • The same goes for citrus canker, which is caused by a bacterium common in Asia. (usf.edu)
  • Its threat becomes magnified when it is infected with the bacterium that produces CGD, ranked as one of the most serious pests of citrus in the world! (blogspot.com)
Psyllid4
  • An insect called the Asian citrus psyllid spreads it. (eenews.net)
  • Can be used to control the devastating Asian Citrus Psyllid and Citrus Greening/Huanlongbing disease. (arbico-organics.com)
  • Aloha Jorge, seems your Hawaiian citrus either had have contact with the Citrus Blackfly or closely related whitefly and the 2000 released parasitic wasps are on vacation back home in Guatemala or it is the newer Asian citrus psyllid, an aphid-sized, mottled-brown insect and an exotic-pest threat for citrus and nursery plants. (blogspot.com)
  • The psyllid alone causes direct damage to citrus and related species by feeding on sap and depositing massive amounts of honeydew that promote sooty mold. (blogspot.com)
Contagious1
Lesions5
  • Plants infected with citrus canker have characteristic lesions on leaves, stems, and fruit with raised, brown, water-soaked margins, usually with a yellow halo or ring effect around the lesion. (wikipedia.org)
  • Canker lesions start out as pinpoint spots 2 to 10 millimeters in diameter. (wikipedia.org)
  • The varied size of lesions on citrus fruit is because of the multiple cycle of infections and can reflect different-aged lesions on the same fruit. (wikipedia.org)
  • Citrus canker lesions on fruit. (usf.edu)
  • Similar to citrus canker, the lesions that form where the mites have fed are round and dark brown with yellow halos. (minnetonkaorchards.com)
Grower3
  • The second thing is, whether you're a homeowner or a citrus commercial grower, you need to be scouting and looking at your trees. (citrusindustry.net)
  • A major citrus grower in Queensland is calling for citrus plants within canker control areas in the Northern Territory and Western Australia to be destroyed. (abc.net.au)
  • The work that innovative grower and consultant Pete Spyke is doing with open hydroponics in the advanced citrus production system (ACPS) on his Ft. Pierce operation intrigues Hunt. (farmprogress.com)
Disease incidence1
  • Modelling spatial patterns of citrus canker disease incidence. (fapesp.br)
Plants6
  • Monitor nearby citrus plants. (primescholarslibrary.org)
  • Although our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying citrus canker development has advanced remarkably in recent years, exactly how citrus plants fight against these pathogens remains largely unclear. (bvsalud.org)
  • Accordingly, ectopic expression of XaFliC in a Xc FliC-defective mutant completely abolished the ability of this mutant to grow and cause canker in sweet orange but not Mexican lime plants . (bvsalud.org)
  • The Northern Territory Government has this week announced restrictions on the movement of plants that can be infected by citrus canker, in a bid to control the disease's spread. (abgc.org.au)
  • Together, these results suggest the potential for heterologous expression of the AtCBF3 gene to mediate tolerance to hydric and saline stress in citrus plants. (springer.com)
  • Cervera M, Ortega C, Navarro A, Navarro L, Peña L (2000) Generation of transgenic citrus plants with the tolerance-to-salinity gene HAL2 from yeast. (springer.com)
Symptoms1
Grove4
  • Lindy Savelle, president of the Georgia Citrus Association , said hundreds of trees had to be removed from a grove infected with citrus canker. (citrusindustry.net)
  • This is an amazing turnaround since the canker hit the grove after the Pataki purchase-forcing the removal of thousands of trees and presumably reducing the land's market value. (villagevoice.com)
  • The owners were not interested in selling the 1430-acre parcel before the canker crippled the grove in the fall of 2001, but have aggressively pursued a state purchase since, securing an inexplicably high price. (villagevoice.com)
  • And I grew up in a citrus grove in FL so I vouch with some cred. (blogspot.com)
Outbreak1
  • Savelle noted it was a county Extension agent who identified the canker outbreak in Georgia. (citrusindustry.net)
Greening2
  • The agency also approved expanded use of the antibiotic streptomycin on citrus, for citrus greening, making a similar finding. (eenews.net)
  • Swadeshmukul Santra of UCF's NanoScience Technology Center invented a tiny particle that could halt the spread of citrus greening. (ucf.edu)
Leaf3
  • Citrus canker is mainly a leaf-spotting and rind-blemishing disease, but when conditions are highly favorable, it can cause defoliation, shoot dieback, and fruit drop. (wikipedia.org)
  • Also, damage caused by citrus leaf miner larvae (Phyllocnistis citrella) can be sites for infection to occur. (wikipedia.org)
  • Citrus canker causes premature leaf and fruit drop, twig dieback, general decline, and blemished fruit. (primescholarslibrary.org)
Control3
  • The Zinkicide project builds as a spinoff from previous collaborations between Santra and UF's Jim Graham, at the Citrus Research and Education Center to develop alternatives to copper for citrus canker control. (ucf.edu)
  • In conclusion, heptyl dihydroxybenzoates (compounds 4, 16 and 28) are promising anti-Xcc agents which may serve as an alternative for the control of citrus canker. (rug.nl)
  • Just like for citrus canker, spraying Liquid Copper Fungicide can prevent or control citrus greasy spot and protect developing oranges. (minnetonkaorchards.com)
Crops1
  • Only the Trump EPA would approve use of a medically important antibiotic and a pesticide banned in over 100 countries on citrus crops,' Donley said. (eenews.net)
Groves1
  • Citrus groves have been destroyed in attempts to eradicate the disease. (wikipedia.org)
Lime1
  • Ali S, Mannan A, El Oirdi M, Waheed A, Mirza B (2012) Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of rough lime (Citrus jambhiri Lush) with yeast HAL2 gene. (springer.com)
Fruit8
  • a fruit infected with canker is safe to eat, but too unsightly to be sold. (wikipedia.org)
  • Implement TDA regulations before moving citrus materials (including budwood, seedlings, and fruit) within or outside of the state. (primescholarslibrary.org)
  • Worked with Worrell Water Technologies to develop a modified atmosphere packaging system using novel controlled-release chlorine dioxide powder in a newly designed perforated packaging system for fresh and fresh-cut fruit (strawberry, blueberry, cherry tomato, citrus, and fresh-cut honeydew) storage. (usda.gov)
  • Examined the properties of natural colorants and their application in wax coatings for post-harvest citrus fruit, and the suitability of five oil-soluble natural colorants on citrus fruit peel color were compared. (usda.gov)
  • Citrus are a globally important fruit crop. (springer.com)
  • How many other actors have you seen blog about their citrus fruit. (blogspot.com)
  • Nothing embodies the warm, carefree vibe of spring and summer quite like citrus fruit. (fast-growing-trees.com)
  • However, this delicious skin also allows the citrus juices to develop fully, making it the perfect raw fruit for juices, desserts and flavoring. (fast-growing-trees.com)
Fungal2
  • Citrus greasy spot is a fungal orange tree disease that is spread by wind and rain. (minnetonkaorchards.com)
  • Citrus melanose is a fungal orange tree disease that grows on dead and wet twigs or branches. (minnetonkaorchards.com)
Resistance1
  • Objective 2: Introduction of the pepper Bs2 disease resistance gene into citrus Constructs have been created in the Staskawicz lab to express Bs2 under the 35S promoter and under a resistance gene promoter from tomato. (citrusrdf.org)
Insect1
  • The disease is transmitted not only by the insect but also by grafting and possibly citrus seed. (blogspot.com)
Species1
  • The top three most expensive invasive species in the southeastern United States are feral pigs , citrus canker , and fire ants . (usf.edu)
20021
  • Since 2002, considerable losses of Clementine trees (Citrus clementina) have been observed in Spain due to Phytophthora branch canker of citrus caused by Phytophthora citrophthora. (edu.pe)
Objective1
  • These constructs have also been transformed into Arabidopsis for analysis, and two constructs have been provided to the Lake Alfred transformation facility, Objective 3: Development of genome editing technologies (Cas9/CRISPR) for citrus improvement The initial target for gene editing is the citrus homolog of Bs5 of pepper. (citrusrdf.org)
Copper1
  • Liquid copper fungicide is a great way to keep your orange tree from contracting citrus canker. (minnetonkaorchards.com)
Trees1
  • From what I understand, citrus trees are supposed to like their roots very dry. (blogspot.com)
Fruits1
  • Citrus fruits grow best in a Mediterranean climate (like California) or the areas above and below the tropics. (blogspot.com)
Streptomycin1
  • Streptomycin also works against another disease, citrus canker, EPA said. (eenews.net)
Spread5
  • Citrus canker can spread by air. (citrusindustry.net)
  • This can have real world consequences, including failing to make worthwhile investments to limit the arrival or spread of citrus canker because we are substantially underestimating the avoided costs from such investments. (agriculture.gov.au)
  • Citrus canker, which was first detected in Miami in October 1995, was in the process of being eradicated when last year's hurricanes spread the disease across the region. (foodnavigator.com)
  • Unfortunately, if your orange tree has citrus canker, you will have to remove and destroy it to stop the spread. (minnetonkaorchards.com)
  • Citrus leprosis is a viral orange tree disease that is spread by false spider mites after feeding on infected leaves. (minnetonkaorchards.com)
Counties1
  • The damage, most of which occurred in Hendry and Collier, two of the state's largest citrus producing counties, is likely to have knock-on effects on the price of ingredients and commodities such as orange juice. (foodnavigator.com)
Interstate2
  • Further restrictions are in place around detection sites and restrictions that prohibit the movement of NT citrus interstate remain. (abgc.org.au)
  • of the United States that is not a commercial citrus-producing area may not subsequently be moved interstate into any commercial citrus-producing area. (co.ke)
Lake Alfred1
  • Evan Johnson of UF's Citrus Research and Education Center at Lake Alfred is the project director, and there are a dozen co-principal investigators from UF, UCF, Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Auburn University, New Mexico State University and The Ohio State University. (ucf.edu)
Management2
  • Further in vitro and in vivo research is needed to establish whether these essential oils are potentially useful for the integrated management of citrus canker. (ishs.org)
  • The National Management Group will meet today to decide if citrus canker controls. (wn.com)
Nursery1
  • The ABC reports the six infected properties include one commercial production nursery and two retail outlets, which have now had all of their citrus material destroyed. (abgc.org.au)
Efficacy1
  • However, their efficacy has not been tested against Phytophthora branch canker. (edu.pe)
Tree1
  • Contact via pruning equipment and other items that may have touched an infected tree can also cause citrus canker. (minnetonkaorchards.com)