AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPsychiatry and PsychologyPhenomena and ProcessesTechnology, Industry, AgricultureInformation ScienceNamed GroupsHealth CareGeographicals
Liver CirrhosisHepatitis BHepatitis CHepatitis AHepatitis B virusLiver Cirrhosis, BiliaryLiver Cirrhosis, AlcoholicHepatitisHepatitis B Surface AntigensHepatitis C, ChronicHepatitis B, ChronicHepatitis, Viral, HumanHepatitis, ChronicHepatitis A virusHepatitis B VaccinesHepatitis B AntibodiesHepacivirusHepatitis B Core AntigensHepatitis AntibodiesHepatitis B e AntigensHepatitis A VaccinesHepatitis B AntigensHepatitis, AutoimmuneLiver Cirrhosis, ExperimentalHepatitis EHepatitis C AntibodiesHepatitis E virusHepatitis A AntibodiesHepatitis, Viral, AnimalHepatitis VirusesHepatitis A Virus, HumanHepatitis DHepatitis Delta VirusHepatitis, AnimalAntiviral AgentsCarcinoma, HepatocellularViral Hepatitis VaccinesLiver NeoplasmsLiverHepatitis, AlcoholicMurine hepatitis virusHepatitis C AntigensRNA, ViralInterferon-alphaHepatovirusLiver TransplantationAlanine TransaminaseLiver DiseasesRibavirinLiver Function TestsHypertension, PortalHepatitis delta AntigensHepatitis A AntigensAscitesHepatitis AntigensHepatic EncephalopathyHepatitis B Virus, DuckDNA, ViralViral Nonstructural ProteinsHepatitis B Virus, WoodchuckPolyethylene GlycolsLamivudineGenotypeHepatitis D, ChronicVirus ReplicationLiver FailureEsophageal and Gastric VaricesViral Core ProteinsMolecular Sequence DataHepatocytesAspartate AminotransferasesJaundiceBiopsyMarmotaSeroepidemiologic StudiesChronic DiseaseViral LoadCarrier StateRetrospective StudiesRisk FactorsTreatment OutcomePrevalenceUrsodeoxycholic AcidRecombinant ProteinsGenome, ViralDrug Therapy, CombinationFlaviviridaeBilirubinBase SequencePortal PressureAcute DiseaseBlood DonorsCarbon TetrachlorideDrug-Induced Liver InjuryCholagogues and CholereticsLiver Diseases, AlcoholicPortal SystemTime FactorsRecurrencePan troglodytes
HepatocellularDevelopment of cirrhosisFibrosisDevelop cirrhosisAutoimmune hepatitisRisk of liver cirrhosisIncidenceInterferonAcute viral hepatitisFulminant hepatitisVirusCause cirrhosisComplications of cirrhosisPreventionSevereInflammationAlcoholVaccineViral hepatitis as a public healthFatty Liver DiseaseAlcoholicGloballyCohortPatients with chronicLiving with viral hepatitisDiagnosisPrevalenceAsymptomaticSymptomsProgressionOccurDevelopsImmunePrognosisBurdenTypes of hepatitisCure for hepatitisDamageType 2 diabetTreatmentVirusesDiseasePeople with chronicGENOTYPEFindingsWorkup
Hepatocellular9
  • Chronic hepatitis is characterized by hepatocellular apoptosis or necrosis, inflammation, and fibrosis. (vin.com)
  • The most important outcome of chronic hepatitis C is the progression to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. (medscape.com)
  • A study investigated the impact of oxidative stress and iron deposition on hepatocellular carcinoma development after therapy with pegylated interferon (PegIFN)+ribavirin in chronic hepatitis C patients. (medscape.com)
  • Within the next 10-20 years, chronic hepatitis C is predicted to become a major burden on the health care system as patients with no symptoms progress to end-stage liver disease and develop hepatocellular carcinoma. (kinoiihooutee2.site)
  • The roles of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in causing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are well documented. (kinoiihooutee2.site)
  • Emerging data indicate that the mortality rate of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) associated with cirrhosis is rising in some developed countries, whereas mortality from non-HCC complications of cirrhosis is decreasing or is stable. (nih.gov)
  • More than 75% of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma in the Region is attributable to hepatitis B virus (HBV) or hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. (who.int)
  • The global burden of disease due to cirrhosis of the liver and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is high (approximately 2% of all deaths) and is expected to increase over the next two decades. (who.int)
  • The aim of this work was to develop an individualized score for predicting hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in patients with hepatitis C (HCV)-compensated cirrhosis. (pasteur.fr)
Development of cirrhosis5
  • Fibrosis is the major factor causing morbidity and mortality due to the development of cirrhosis. (vin.com)
  • Specific medical therapies may be applied to many liver diseases in an effort to diminish symptoms and to prevent or forestall the development of cirrhosis. (medscape.com)
  • There is evidence that this oxidative stress and free radical damage that follows, is one of the main mechanisms in both hepatitis B and C that leads to development of cirrhosis and primary liver cancer. (deansilvermd.com)
  • The objective of this study was to determine whether HCV-reactive T cells play a role in the process of development of cirrhosis during chronic HCV infection. (wustl.edu)
  • These results indicate that a lack of an optimal T-cell response to HCV is associated with the development of cirrhosis during chronic HCV infection. (wustl.edu)
Fibrosis13
  • We have studied different forms of hepatitis: Acute Hepatitis (AH) without fibrosis, Chronic Hepatitis (CH), and cirrhosis (CIRR), including Lobular Dissecting Hepatitis (LDH). (vin.com)
  • The last disease is a specific form of cirrhosis with severe fibrosis and complete disruption of the lobular architecture. (vin.com)
  • Cirrhosis is defined histologically as a diffuse hepatic process characterized by fibrosis and conversion of the normal liver architecture into structurally abnormal nodules. (medscape.com)
  • Cirrhosis is the severe scarring or fibrosis of the liver. (healthline.com)
  • In cirrhosis of the liver, progressive scarring (fibrosis) of the liver causes scar tissue to replace normal liver tissue. (arthurrichardson.com.au)
  • A fibroscan is actually a special kind of ultrasound, and it is specifically meant to measure the amount of fibrosis, with levels over a certain kPa value indicating cirrhosis. (hepmag.com)
  • Very low kPa values are labeled F0 (no fibrosis), increasing amounts of fibrosis are labeled F1, F2, F3, and cirrhosis is labeled F4. (hepmag.com)
  • There has also been a direct relationship between low levels of antioxidants and advanced fibrosis and cirrhosis. (deansilvermd.com)
  • Liver cirrhosis is referred to as the scarring or fibrosis of the liver caused by different types of liver-related problems like hepatitis and chronic alcoholism. (indiatimes.com)
  • The need to stage liver fibrosis, however, should decrease as treatment options become more successful (as has occurred with viral hepatitis). (nih.gov)
  • In recent years, noninvasive tests have demonstrated a reasonable ability to identify significant fibrosis, cirrhosis in particular, nor is it surprising that liver disease specialists and patients favor a noninvasive approach. (nih.gov)
  • We analyzed 21 human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-A2 patients with chronic HCV infection (9 with histology of inflammation and 12 with histology of fibrosis/cirrhosis). (wustl.edu)
  • Also, patients with histology of inflammation showed a significantly higher CD4 + Th1 response to the HCV core antigen as compared to patients with histology of fibrosis/cirrhosis. (wustl.edu)
Develop cirrhosis3
  • Again, according to the CDC, for every 100 people with hepatitis C, an estimated 10 to 20 will develop cirrhosis over the following 20 to 30 years. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • It is estimated that up to 25% of patients with chronic hepatitis C will develop cirrhosis within 20 years. (medscape.com)
  • Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection develops in 85% of exposed individuals and 20% develop cirrhosis. (wustl.edu)
Autoimmune hepatitis10
Risk of liver cirrhosis1
  • According to a meta-analysis of studies from 2019 , the risk of liver cirrhosis increases at any level of alcohol consumption for women, which means even a moderate drinker may be at some risk. (healthline.com)
Incidence7
  • The incidence of hepatitis C has declined from 175,000 cases per year to about 30,000 cases per year since 1990. (medscape.com)
  • A vaccine to prevent hepatitis B virus infection, and thereby reduce the incidence of liver cancer, exists. (who.int)
  • Predictions in the USA suggest that there will be a 60% increase in the incidence of cirrhosis, a 68% increase in hepatoma incidence, a 528% increase in the need for transplantation, and a 223% increase in liver death rate. (kinoiihooutee2.site)
  • Risk factor identification for development of HCC in patients with cirrhosis possesses great clinical relevance due to its high incidence and poor prognosis when detected at advanced stages. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A team, led by Guoqing Ouyang, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Liuzhou People's Hospital affiliated to Guangxi Medicine University, identified the cause-specific incidence and temporal trends of acute viral hepatitis. (consultantlive.com)
  • In the study, the investigators used data on acute viral hepatitis etiologies from the Global Burden of Disease study 2019 and estimated annual percentage changes to quantify temporal trends in age-standardized incidence rates by region, sex, and etiology. (consultantlive.com)
  • The study, " Incidence trends of acute viral hepatitis caused by four viral etiologies between 1990 and 2019 at the global, regional, and national levels ," was published online in Liver International . (consultantlive.com)
Interferon4
  • Evidence Central , evidence.unboundmedicine.com/evidence/view/EBMG/450023/all/Interferon_for_hepatitis_C_related_cirrhosis. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • NAC has been shown to increase blood glutathione levels in HIV, and in one study with hepatitis C, treatment with interferon with NAC led to a normalization of glutathione and liver enzymes, along with a significant decrease in viral load. (deansilvermd.com)
  • These may improve interferon signaling in the presence of hepatitis C. In a major study in hepatitis C patients with genotype Type 1 who had advanced cirrhosis and had already failed treatment, these patients had the lowest glutathione levels and the lowest response rates. (deansilvermd.com)
  • Hepatitis C, chronic active hepatitis C, interferon. (jatstech.org)
Acute viral hepatitis4
Fulminant hepatitis3
Virus37
Cause cirrhosis1
Complications of cirrhosis1
Prevention6
  • The WHO Global Health Sector Strategy on Viral Hepatitis called for the elimination of hepatitis as a public health threat by 2030 through scaled-up prevention, testing, and treatment. (who.int)
  • Dubai: With vaccinations, screenings and awareness programmes, the UAE aims to eradicate hepatitis by 2030, the country's Ministry of Health and Prevention (MoHAP) said on Wednesday, in view of World Hepatitis Day, observed annually on July 28. (gulfnews.com)
  • Marking World Hepatitis Day, the Ministry stated that the occasion offers a crucial opportunity to raise public awareness about the disease and familiarise people with the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment methods to confront hepatitis, reduce the risk of infection, and prevent transmission. (gulfnews.com)
  • The resolutions call upon WHO to provide the necessary technical support to enable Member States to develop robust national viral hepatitis prevention, diagnosis and treatment strategies. (who.int)
  • 3. Significant barriers, including inadequate data for making decisions and limited coverage of effective prevention interventions, need to be addressed before the goal of eliminating viral hepatitis as a major public health threat can be realized. (who.int)
  • Member States to develop robust national viral hepatitis prevention, diagnosis and treatment strategies with time-bound goals and to examine the feasibility of eliminating hepatitis B and hepatitis C. In recognition of its public health importance, target 3.3 of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development5 calls for specific action to combat viral hepatitis. (who.int)
Severe6
  • The liver cannot work as well if cirrhosis causes severe scarring, and it may eventually fail, which can be fatal. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • These severe complications make liver cirrhosis one of the most advanced forms of liver disease. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Conclusion: Romiplostim can be used under close follow up in chronic hepatitis C patients with liver cirrhosis and severe thrombocytopenia preoperatively in a dose of 2 mcg/kg once weekly for four weeks. (omicsonline.org)
  • The study also reported that low baseline levels of the intracellular iron regulators of FBXL5 in addition to a suppressed hepcidin level might be associated with severe hepatic iron deposition in chronic hepatitis C patients. (medscape.com)
  • The symptoms of hepatic encephalopathy may range from mild to severe and may be observed in as many as 70% of patients with cirrhosis. (medscape.com)
  • low levels are associated with hyperthyroidism, hepatitis, and sometimes severe anemia or infection. (cdc.gov)
Inflammation4
  • Hepatitis C is a viral infection that can lead to inflammation and damage to the liver. (healthline.com)
  • Hepatitis B and C viruses can cause an immune response and inflammation in the body, so vaccinating against them is essential. (gulfnews.com)
  • He said Hepatitis B and C viruses can cause an immune response and inflammation in the body. (gulfnews.com)
  • One of the kidney-related complications that can arise from hepatitis is called "Membranous Glomerulonephritis," which involves inflammation and damage to the glomeruli-tiny filters in the kidneys responsible for filtering blood and removing waste products. (gulfnews.com)
Alcohol6
  • Background: Alcohol use is the most important factor in determining the prognosis of patients with alcohol-related cirrhosis and alcohol-associated hepatitis. (uea.ac.uk)
  • Aim: To conduct a systematic review of interventions for alcohol use disorder specific to patients with cirrhosis or alcohol-associated hepatitis. (uea.ac.uk)
  • Apart from nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) other causes include hepatitis, long-term alcohol use, and primary sclerosing cholangitis . (healthline.com)
  • Two of the most common causes of cirrhosis in the United States are chronic hepatitis infections and chronic alcohol misuse . (healthline.com)
  • Usually, cirrhosis caused by alcohol is the result of regularly drinking in excess over the course of many years. (healthline.com)
  • In viral-related cirrhosis, HBV/HCV and HBV/HDV coinfections increase the HCC risk (2- to 6-fold relative to each infection alone) as does alcohol abuse (2- to 4-fold relative to alcohol abstinence). (nih.gov)
Vaccine5
Viral hepatitis as a public health3
  • These findings, published in The Lancet Gastroenterology & Hepatology , provide empirical data that can be used to accelerate the elimination of viral hepatitis as a public health threat. (who.int)
  • 2. The World Health Assembly and the Regional Committee resolutions on viral hepatitis that were adopted in 2010 and 2014 res pectively recognized viral hepatitis as a public health problem and the need for governments a nd populations to take action to prevent, diagnose and treat viral hepatitis. (who.int)
  • and the Regional Committee resolutions in 20143 4 recognized viral hepatitis as a public health problem and the need for governments and populations to take action to prevent, diagnose and treat it. (who.int)
Fatty Liver Disease1
  • Welcome to the Hep Forums , a round-the-clock discussion area for people who have Fatty Liver Disease, Hepatitis B, C or a co-infection, their friends and family and others with questions about hepatitis and liver health. (hepmag.com)
Alcoholic2
  • in people with alcoholic hepatitis or hepatitis C. Studies show that those with the lowest glutathione levels have the highest viral loads and more evidence of liver damage. (deansilvermd.com)
  • The hepatitis C may progress to cause liver cirrhosis that mostly develop in 20% of the affected patients in 20 years with an increased risk in male, alcoholic drink, immune-compromised and who acquire HCV infection after the age of 40 years. (jatstech.org)
Globally5
  • Globally, 42% of patients with cirrhosis had HBV infection and 21% had HCV infection. (who.int)
  • These systematically collected data provide the most complete and up-to-date prevalence of HBV and HCV infection in patients with cirrhosis by country, by region, and globally. (who.int)
  • They also found that HAV and HBV infections are the leading causes of acute hepatitis globally. (consultantlive.com)
  • It is responsible for an estimated 1.4 million deaths per year globally, mostly from hepatitis-related liver cancer and cirrhosis. (who.int)
  • Globally, an estimated 780,000 people die annually from hepatitis B-related liver disease, including approximately 300,000 each year in China. (cdc.gov)
Cohort3
  • To investigate, Dr. Emmanuel Cosson, with Hopital Jean Verdier in Bondy and Paris-Nord University, and colleagues studied a prospective cohort of 100 consecutive patients with ongoing HCV cirrhosis and type 2 diabetes, 26 of whom were treated with metformin. (consultant360.com)
  • Cohort studies indicate that HCC is currently the major cause of liver-related death in patients with compensated cirrhosis. (nih.gov)
  • Among 1,323 patients with HCV cirrhosis enrolled in the French prospective ANRS CO12 CirVir cohort, 720 and 360 were randomly assigned to training and validation sets, respectively. (pasteur.fr)
Patients with chronic3
  • Aim of the Study: To detect the efficacy of Romiplostim use in thrombocytopenic patients with chronic hepatitis C and liver cirrhosis preoperatively. (omicsonline.org)
  • Anti-HCV antibody is not protective, and its level does not necessarily remain elevated in patients with chronic hepatitis C. (medscape.com)
  • This extremely effective combination of ingredients has Double Blind Studies verifying decreases in degenerative liver damage in patients with chronic liver disease (cirrhosis of the liver) in as few as 30 to 90 days. (kinoiihooutee2.site)
Living with viral hepatitis1
Diagnosis5
  • In some situations, if you're able to manage the reason cirrhosis started in the first place (e.g., heavy drinking), you may be able to reverse your diagnosis back to compensated. (healthline.com)
  • A diagnosis of cirrhosis begins with a detailed history and physical exam. (healthline.com)
  • Alanine aminotransferase measurements are used in the diagnosis and treatment of certain liver diseases (e.g., viral hepatitis and cirrhosis) and heart diseases. (cdc.gov)
  • According to the Hepatitis B Foundation, only 25% of people with HBV have received a diagnosis. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • A team, led by Kailu Fang, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, explored the time series associations between varying levels of risk factors and cirrhosis prevalence and predicted the cirrhosis prevalence under alternative scenarios to consolidate evidence for further intervention plans. (consultantlive.com)
Prevalence4
Asymptomatic1
  • Some patients with cirrhosis are completely asymptomatic and have a reasonably normal life expectancy. (medscape.com)
Symptoms2
  • Doctors will look at a variety of factors and symptoms when determining a person's outlook if they have hepatitis C and cirrhosis. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Many times, there aren't noticeable symptoms of cirrhosis until the condition has progressed. (healthline.com)
Progression2
  • The progression of liver injury to cirrhosis may occur over several weeks to years. (medscape.com)
  • It was concluded that Hepcinal has shown better clinical response but no significant serological response (p=0.3244) and it might be an alternative therapy to treat hepatitis C infection and to prevent its progression into chronic ailment. (jatstech.org)
Occur4
Develops3
Immune4
  • The exact mechanism by which hepatitis viruses cause kidney injury is not fully understood, but it is thought to involve immune-mediated processes and the deposition of immune complexes in the kidneys. (gulfnews.com)
  • Doctors may also recommend a medication called hepatitis B immune globulin (HBIG) to help prevent infection. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Hepatitis A is spread by the fecal-oral route, that is, through close contact, food, or water, and never causes chronic infection, that is, everyone recovers completely and becomes immune to a second infection. (cdc.gov)
  • More recently, China has worked to further increase protection by including testing of pregnant women to identify those who are infected, and for infants born to these mothers to include another preventive hepatitis B immune globulin which increases the effectiveness of protection. (cdc.gov)
Prognosis1
Burden3
  • Scientists from the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), the World Health Organization (WHO), and the Geneva University Hospitals (Switzerland) have found that infection with viral hepatitis accounts for almost two thirds of the global burden of cirrhosis of the liver, a known precursor of liver cancer. (who.int)
  • The findings may be helpful for policymakers in establishing appropriate policies to reduce the viral hepatitis burden," the authors wrote. (consultantlive.com)
  • The priority actions proposed include developing dat a systems to understand the burden of the disease, preventing viral hepatitis transmission a nd countries designing strong hepatitis treatment programmes. (who.int)
Types of hepatitis1
  • Stephen Hadler] These two types of hepatitis are both caused by viruses which primarily infect the liver, and both cause a typical serious illness with fatigue, malaise, weakness, sometimes fever, and a yellowing of the skin and eyes called jaundice. (cdc.gov)
Cure for hepatitis2
Damage6
Type 2 diabet1
  • The authors point out that type 2 diabetes and hyperinsulinemia are common in patients with HCV cirrhosis, and that there's evidence indicating that insulin resistance plays a role in the development of liver cancer. (consultant360.com)
Treatment5
  • Akima T, Tamano M, Yamagishi H, Kubota K, Fujimori T, Hiraishi H. Surgical treatment of HCC in a patient with lamivudine-resistant hepatitis B cirrhosis with adefovir dipivoxil. (wjgnet.com)
  • If your child has been exposed to hepatitis A, speak to your child's doctor regarding the possible need for treatment with immunoglobulin therapy. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The scarring that occurs with cirrhosis is usually irreversible, but treatment can help manage it. (healthline.com)
  • Unfortunately, most people with chronic viral hepatitis are not aware of their status and do not receive appropriate treatment. (who.int)
  • Treatment varies based on the type of hepatitis. (hepatitisfoundation.org)
Viruses1
  • Hepatitis is part of a family of viruses that includes hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E. These viruses infect millions of individuals worldwide and can lead to both acute and chronic liver disease. (gulfnews.com)
Disease5
  • Subjects and Methods: Our study was performed on 12 patients in the Electricity Hospital, Cairo, Egypt, having chronic liver disease with liver cirrhosis and they were classified as Child-Pugh score C with thrombocytopenia. (omicsonline.org)
  • Hepatitis C is a global disease. (medscape.com)
  • Levels of specific antioxidants-glutathione, selenium, A, C, E, have been found to be significantly lower in the blood of those with chronic hepatitis C. Even patients in early stages with minimal disease, were found to have significantly lower levels than controls. (deansilvermd.com)
  • Older age, male sex, severity of compensated cirrhosis at presentation, and sustained activity of liver disease are important predictors of HCC, independent of etiology of cirrhosis. (nih.gov)
  • 1. Viral hepatitis is a highly endemic disease and a public health problem. (who.int)
People with chronic1
GENOTYPE1
  • Further studies are needed to investigate other viral factors (eg, HBV genotype/mutant, occult HBV, HIV coinfection) and preventable or treatable comorbidities (eg, obesity, diabetes) in the HCC risk in cirrhosis. (nih.gov)
Findings2
  • However," they conclude, "our findings add to the increasing body of evidence and may justify the initiation of clinical trials evaluating metformin in patients with hyperinsulinemia and HCV cirrhosis. (consultant360.com)
  • Almost all of the non-cancerous liver tissues showed histological findings compatible with chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis, which are considered to be precancerous conditions. (elsevierpure.com)
Workup1
  • Electroencephalography may be helpful in the initial workup of a patient with cirrhosis and altered mental status, when ruling out seizure activity may be necessary. (medscape.com)