AnatomyDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPsychiatry and PsychologyPhenomena and ProcessesAnthropology, Education, Sociology and Social PhenomenaInformation ScienceNamed GroupsHealth CareGeographicals
Waist CircumferenceAnthropometryBody Mass IndexObesity, AbdominalObesityAdiposityWaist-Hip RatioAbdominal FatRisk FactorsBody ConstitutionMetabolic Syndrome XAbdomenBody Weights and MeasuresScrotumCross-Sectional StudiesHeadBody CompositionPredictive Value of TestsSkinfold ThicknessBody HeightBody WeightOverweightProspective StudiesBody Fat DistributionCardiovascular DiseasesCohort StudiesCephalometryAdipose TissueSex FactorsBlood GlucoseLinear ModelsBody SizeRegression AnalysisPrevalenceFollow-Up StudiesInsulin ResistanceLogistic ModelsMultivariate AnalysisAge FactorsDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2ROC CurveBirth WeightLongitudinal StudiesBlood PressureBiological MarkersRisk AssessmentReference ValuesIntra-Abdominal FatInfant, NewbornCholesterol, HDLTriglyceridesLife StylePregnancyWeight LossGestational AgePrognosisLipidsArmQuestionnairesTreatment OutcomeExerciseNutritional StatusWeight GainAsian Continental Ancestry GroupTime FactorsOdds RatioDietRetrospective StudiesHypertensionHipChinaEuropean Continental Ancestry GroupFetal DevelopmentC-Reactive ProteinProportional Hazards ModelsThoraxDiabetes MellitusUmbilicusJapanInsulinAdiponectinHypertriglyceridemiaUltrasonography, PrenatalUnited StatesAbsorptiometry, PhotonFastingSex CharacteristicsNeckCase-Control StudiesGrowthSeverity of Illness IndexIncidenceAnalysis of VarianceMotor ActivityThighBrazilPhysical FitnessGlucose Tolerance TestSensitivity and SpecificityBiometry
HypertensionDiseasesMortalityIndices as predictorsAnthropometric indicesType-2 diabetAdiposity and cardiovascularBetter predictorDiastolic blood prDisease riskVisceralRisk factors for cardiovascular diseaseStronger predictorAnalyse the relationshipCardio metabolic riskConclusionAssociated with cardiovascular diseaseWHtRDiabetesPrevalenceDyslipidemiaSociodemographicHealth risks associatedOutcomesRisksNegatively correlatedKnown cardiovascular diseaseAbstractMetabolic risk factorsHistory of cardiovascularAssociation between cardiovascularHigh waist-to-hip ratioHazard ratioMethodsMultivariateCorrelationOBJECTIVEIndividualsFactorsMarkerMeasurementsHeight ratioOverweightTehranianBiomarkersComplicationsAbdominal fatMeasurementAssessmentABSIProvides an indicationObesity-relatedNondiabeticStronglyCohortIndicatorStudyAdults
Hypertension13
Diseases8
Mortality9
  • Strengths of associations and discrimination statistics suggested that WHR was the best predictor of cardiovascular events and mortality in patients with type-2 diabetes and BMI the worst. (nih.gov)
  • Although significant reductions have occurred in the incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) since the mid-1970s, this is still the primary cause of morbidity and mortality in many countries [1,2]. (who.int)
  • 15. Banack H.R., Kaufman J.S. The obesity paradox: understanding the effectof obesity on mortality among individuals with cardiovascular disease. (medline.ru)
  • In a meta-analysis study, preHTN was related to the carotid intima-media thickness, a predictor of heart disease, stroke, and cardiovascular mortality [ 5 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Obesity is increasing rapidly on a global scale and is associated with comorbidities that require expensive medical care and limit the life span,[ 4 180 ] including increased risk of all cause and cardiovascular disease mortality. (surgicalneurologyint.com)
  • The Waist-Hip Ratio has been shown to be a better predictor of mortality and morbidity after certain surgery than body mass index (BMI) or body surface area. (healthjade.com)
  • Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is one of the most common complications of diabetes and has been associated with cardiovascular disease, the leading cause of mortality in diabetes. (springer.com)
  • We hypothesized that individual and neighbor- with cardiovascular events (6-8) and differences in the relation- hood factors would differentially influence the relationship ship between waist circumference and CVD mortality between between waist circumference and CHD in race-sex subgroups and non-Hispanic African American and non-Hispanic White popula- that African American participants would have less favorable tions (9). (cdc.gov)
  • The understanding of such factors is critical to the prevention of cardiovascular morbidities and mortality. (medscape.com)
Indices as predictors1
  • The objective of this study is to evaluate emergent anthropometric indices as predictors of preHTN and HTN according to age and sex in a sample of Mexican adults. (hindawi.com)
Anthropometric indices2
  • Particularly, according to sex and age range, the predictive emergent anthropometric indices in men were the body shape index (ABSI) and waist to height cubic (W/Ht 3 ) (AUC = 0.777 and 0.771, respectively), whereas in women, the predictors were CI and ABSI (AUC = 0.737 and 0.729, respectively). (hindawi.com)
  • Results: urinary albumin creatinine ratio was lesser than the established microalbuminuric range of 30 - 300 mg/g, in both cases and controls irrespective of the values obtained for lipid profile and anthropometric indices. (scirp.org)
Type-2 diabet3
  • The aim of this study was to compare the strength of associations and discrimination capability of body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) with cardiovascular disease risk in individuals with type-2 diabetes. (nih.gov)
  • 26 120 180 ] Body mass index (BMI) has been widely used to indicate the level of obesity, though recent studies have found that abdominal or visceral adiposity (vs subcutaneous), as reflected in the waist-to-hip ratio or waist circumference, is a strong criteria for predicting the risk of developing metabolic syndrome (MetS) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). (surgicalneurologyint.com)
  • As asymptomatic myocardial ischemia (MI) is frequent in diabetes, we hypothesized that DPN may be associated with MI in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and no history of cardiovascular events. (springer.com)
Adiposity and cardiovascular2
Better predictor1
  • This measure is supported by the World Health Organization (WHO) as both a more accurate assessment of obesity than BMI as well as a better predictor of cardiovascular risk (WHR ≥ 0.90 cm in men and ≥ 0.85 cm in women identifying significant metabolic risk, according to the WHO), said Heymsfield, of Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana. (getrichwithvitamins.com)
Diastolic blood pr3
Disease risk8
Visceral4
Risk factors for cardiovascular disease1
  • Introduction: Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a complex pathology that combines several risk factors for cardiovascular disease. (bvsalud.org)
Stronger predictor2
  • Central adiposity (WC/Ht ratio) was a stronger predictor of IGFBP-1 than BMI-for-age z-score. (preprints.org)
  • Compared with body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio was an 18% stronger predictor of MI in women and a 6% stronger predictor of MI in men. (medscape.com)
Analyse the relationship1
  • To analyse the relationship between the waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) and other body composition indicators in children aged 2-6 years at public childcare centres. (imed.pub)
Cardio metabolic risk2
  • Waist circumference and cardio metabolic risk: a consensus statement from Shaping America?s Health: Association for Weight Management and Obesity Prevention, NAASO, The Obesity Society, the American Society for Nutrition and the American Diabetes Association. (medline.ru)
  • Kuba VM, Leone C, Damiani D. Is waist-to-height ratio a useful indicator of cardio-metabolic risk in 6-10-year-old children? (imed.pub)
Conclusion1
  • Conclusion: Predictive models are ready for translation into oncology practice to identify and care for patients who are at risk of cardiovascular disease. (bvsalud.org)
Associated with cardiovascular disease1
WHtR8
  • A person's waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), occasionally written WtHR or called waist-to-stature ratio (WSR), is defined as their waist circumference divided by their height, both measured in the same units. (wikipedia.org)
  • More than twenty-five years ago, waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) was first suggested as a simple health risk assessment tool because it is a proxy for 'harmful' central adiposity and a boundary value of 0.5 was proposed to indicate increased risk. (wikipedia.org)
  • The October 2022 NICE guidelines have suggested boundary values for WHtR (defining the degree of central adiposity) as follows: healthy central adiposity: waist-to-height ratio 0.4 to 0.49, indicating no increased health risks increased central adiposity: waist-to-height ratio 0.5 to 0.59, indicating increased health risks high central adiposity: waist-to-height ratio 0.6 or more, indicating further increased health risks. (wikipedia.org)
  • Boundary values were first suggested for WHtR in 1996 to reflect health implications and were portrayed on a simple chart of waist circumference against height. (wikipedia.org)
  • WHtR is an indicator of 'early health risk': several systematic reviews and meta-analyses of data in adults of all ages, as well as in children and adolescents, have supported the superiority of WHtR over the use of BMI and waist circumference in predicting early health risk. (wikipedia.org)
  • Traditional markers such as waist to height ratio (WHtR) have shown higher sensitivity than the body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) in the evaluation of the CVR [ 12 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Results: Mean values of WC, waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) of boys were not different from those of girls. (scirp.org)
  • The use of WC and WHtR provides the advantage in that the indexes are good predictors of intra-abdominal fat deposition and are related to the development of cardiovascular risk factor [17-19] Previous reports have also indicated the trunk skinfold as the sensitive tool to detect metabolic abnormalities in children and adolescents [4,20]. (scirp.org)
Diabetes7
  • They found that waist-to-height ratio was more accurate than BMI and than waist circumference alone at predicting certain health risks associated with being overweight or obese, such as high blood pressure, diabetes, and heart disease. (staggsfitness.com)
  • Obesity is the major risk factor for metabolic syndrome and through it diabetes as well as cardiovascular disease. (elsevierpure.com)
  • This simple noninvasive method with virtually no radiation can therefore be used to measure VF in individual patients and help define diabetes and cardiovascular risk. (elsevierpure.com)
  • In diabetic men, components of the insulin resistance syndrome (IRS) loaded on Factor 1 (the insulin resistance factor), which reflected high fasting insulin, obesity (high BMI), central obesity (high waist-to-hip ratio), high total triglycerides, and a short duration of diabetes. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Background: Metabolic syndrome increases the risk of cardiovascular outcomes and type II diabetes. (natap.org)
  • Naidoo, D.P. (2002) The link between microalbuminuria,endothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular disease in diabetes. (scirp.org)
  • A sensitivity analysis in EpiHealth revealed only minor changes after excluding individuals with known cardiovascular disease, diabetes or obesity. (lu.se)
Prevalence2
  • The study has 2 major components: phase 1, a cross sectional prevalence study of cardiovascular disease and associated risk factors, and phase 2, a prospective 20-year follow-up study [9]. (who.int)
  • BACKGROUND: Global collaboration in cardio-oncology is needed to understand the prevalence of cancer therapy-related cardiovascular toxicity in different risk groups, practice settings, and geographic locations. (bvsalud.org)
Dyslipidemia2
Sociodemographic1
  • The mean T-score was significantly higher in the hysterectomized women, adjusting for age, waist circumference and sociodemographic factors. (uwi.edu)
Health risks associated1
  • Research shows that people with "apple-shaped" bodies (with more weight around the waist) face more health risks associated with being overweight than those with "pear-shaped" bodies who carry more weight around the hips. (healthjade.com)
Outcomes4
  • Although the receiver operating characteristic curve could not differentiate between anthropometric variables (P values 0.24), the relative integrated discrimination improvement statistic showed an enhancement in the discrimination capabilities of models using WHR for cardiovascular outcomes, except for cerebrovascular events. (nih.gov)
  • In recent years, the mechanism(s) by which excess body weight produces adverse cardiovascular outcomes has attracted interest, with one potential pathway being the dysfunction of adipose tissue. (nature.com)
  • All the subjects being ethnic Koreans, the KNOW-CKD is expected to provide high-level evidence from Koreans on the clinical courses and clinical and biological factors for CKD progression and/or adverse outcomes, and diverse deficits related to CKD such as cardiovascular comorbidity, anemia, mineral metabolic derangements, quality of life (QOL), and health habits. (krcp-ksn.org)
  • Second, in a separate analysis in our cohort, neither absolute viral load nor change in viral load was associated with C-reactive protein (CRP), a marker of generalized inflammation that is associated with cardiovascular outcomes in the general population. (natap.org)
Risks4
  • Six reasons why the waist-to-height ratio is a rapid and effective global indicator for health risks of obesity and how its use could simplify the international public health message on obesity. (imed.pub)
  • New research presented at the 19th European Congress on Obesity in Lyon, France, suggests that the better way to know where you stand concerning health risks related to your amount of body fat is your waist-to-height ratio. (staggsfitness.com)
  • In this article, we will discuss how to measure your waist and hip, how to calculate your health risk based on those measurements, and also talk about the science behind body shapes (popular wisdom has identified pear, apple, and avocado shapes), and their relationship with health risks. (fit-and-well.com)
  • 1), various cardiovascular risks. (imsociety.org)
Negatively correlated1
Known cardiovascular disease1
  • 25 kg/m2), no known cardiovascular disease (CVD), and for whom data was available on body composition, as determined by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). (imsociety.org)
Abstract1
  • Abstract the relationship between waist circumference and development of CHD but differentially influenced incident CHD among race-sex subgroups. (cdc.gov)
Metabolic risk factors3
History of cardiovascular1
  • Exclusion criteria included a history of cardiovascular disease or BMI less than 15 kg/m 2 or greater than 60 kg/m 2 . (medscape.com)
Association between cardiovascular1
  • Conclusions: An inverse association between cardiovascular health score and short telomeres was found especially for men older than 55 years in the SUN population. (unav.edu)
High waist-to-hip ratio1
Hazard ratio2
  • After adjustment, hazard ratio (95% CI) for WC were 1.10 (1.03-1.18) for cardiovascular events, 1.13 (1.03-1.24) for coronary events, and 1.08 (0.98-1.19) for cardiovascular deaths. (nih.gov)
  • Only this IRS factor predicted CHD events in multivariate Cox regression analysis (hazard ratio [HR] 1.71, 95% CI 1.08-2.71, P = 0.022). (diabetesjournals.org)
Methods2
  • RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS -Clustering of cardiovascular risk factors was analyzed by factor analysis. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Recently, factor analysis and principal components analysis, statistical methods for studies of intercorrelating variables, have been applied to investigate the clustering of cardiovascular risk factors in both nondiabetic and diabetic subjects ( 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
Multivariate1
Correlation1
  • Recently, studies in children and teenagers seem to confirm the usefulness of waist circumference as an appropriate indicator of metabolic and cardiovascular risk 8-10 as it has a greater correlation with central adiposity, and is therefore considered an important factor in the evolution of cardiovascular disease 11 . (bvsalud.org)
OBJECTIVE1
  • OBJECTIVE -To investigate whether cardiovascular risk factors cluster with hyperinsulinemia in elderly type 2 diabetic subjects and, if so, whether this clustering predicts coronary heart disease (CHD) events during a 7-year follow-up. (diabetesjournals.org)
Individuals3
  • For this reason, other indicators for body fat are necessary, and the Waist Circumference (WC), as well as the Waist-to-Hip ratio (WHR) have also been adopted as tools to more accurately identify individuals who are at a higher risk of developing obesity-related health complications. (fit-and-well.com)
  • Objectives: To estimate urinary albumin creatinine ratio (UACR) in non-diabetic normotensive obese individuals. (scirp.org)
  • Individuals in the upper category of hip circumference had lower odds of having hypercholestrolemia (0.86 vs. 1.00) and high serum triglyceride levels (0.74 vs. 1.00) compared to those in the lowest category. (unboundmedicine.com)
Factors15
  • Dietary and non-dietary factors have an association with, and play a role as predictors of, CVD risk factors. (who.int)
  • A number of studies have suggested that certain dietary factors as well as age, sex, weight, body mass index (BMI), waist to hip ratio (WHR), education and smoking may have an important link with CVD [6-8]. (who.int)
  • Information derived from the Global Cardio-Oncology Registry will help understand the risk factors impacting cancer therapy-related cardiovascular toxicity in different geographic locations and therefore contribute to reduce access gaps in cardio-oncology care. (bvsalud.org)
  • Lee CMY, Huxley RR, Wildman RP, Woodward M. Indices of abdominal obesity are better discriminators of cardiovascular risk factors than BMI: a meta-analysis. (imed.pub)
  • The factors that were significantly related to low BMD were hysterectomy status, age, waist circumference and being employed. (uwi.edu)
  • however, few studies have examined the association between waist circumference and risk factors in African Americans (9,12,13). (cdc.gov)
  • Research has show WTR, which strands for waist to tallness ratio, is one of the best indicators for 18 heart risk factors. (staggsfitness.com)
  • The waist-to-tallness ratio was "most strongly associated with most risk factors in males and females," write the researchers, who included Harald Schneider of the Max Planck Institute of psychiatry in Munich, Germany. (staggsfitness.com)
  • Another recent study has associated certain socio-economic factors with SAD/height ratio in the US representative population [ 13 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Cardiovascular disease (CVD), largely driven by the combined effect of several modifiable risk factors such as smoking and obesity, is the leading contributor accounting for one-fifth of the health gap ( 1 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Introduction and objectives: Telomeres are noncoding regions located at the end of chromosomes and their shortening has been associated with risk factors and cardiovascular disease. (unav.edu)
  • Cardiovascular health score was defined by the American Heart Association as a composite score of 7 key risk factors (smoking status, physical activity, diet, body mass index, blood pressure, total cholesterol, and fasting blood glucose) with 0 to 2 points for each factor. (unav.edu)
  • The waist-to-hip ratio is important, it is a marker for increased heart disease - and it may be that if we can't help the woman lose weight in the belly, we need to pay a little more attention to the blood pressure that's not ideal or to the cholesterol that's not ideal, and make sure we're aggressively following all of her risk factors. (medscape.com)
  • The expanding list of nontraditional biomarkers is outweighed by the standard risk factors for predicting future cardiovascular events and adds only moderately to standard risk factors. (medscape.com)
  • Tests may be done to determine cause, assess organ damage, and identify other cardiovascular risk factors. (msdmanuals.com)
Marker3
Measurements6
Height ratio1
Overweight3
  • Avoidance of overweight from adolescence onwards is likely important for cardiovascular disease prevention. (nature.com)
  • Waist circumference measurement is particularly useful in patients who are categorized as normal or overweight on the BMI scale. (healthjade.com)
  • Take for example, basketball player Michael Jordan: When MJ was in his prime, his BMI was 27-29, classifying him as overweight, yet his waist size was less than 30. (healthjade.com)
Tehranian1
  • This study underscores the importance of continuing to measure hip circumference in epidemiologic surveys in Tehranian adult women. (unboundmedicine.com)
Biomarkers1
  • The most informative biomarkers for predicting major cardiovascular events were BNP and the urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio. (medscape.com)
Complications2
  • The results suggest waist size "would be a good measurement to use in clinical settings if we want to identify those children who are most at risk for future health complications," he said. (livescience.com)
  • Abdominal adiposity is a risk factor for obesity-related complications, and there is increasing evidence that abdominal adiposity may be a contributing factor to complications not related to adiposity at the waist (4,5). (cdc.gov)
Abdominal fat2
Measurement7
  • Given that your Body Mass Index measurement can be misleading if you have different body types and shapes, scientists and researchers have invented a more accurate measurement of your body fat distribution by measuring your waist circumference (WC) and waist-hip ratio. (healthjade.com)
  • That's one reason some experts think waist circumference can be a better overall health measurement than BMI. (healthjade.com)
  • In simple terms, get this measurement by measuring the fattest area around your waist. (plantimize.com)
  • As a consequence, the measurement of the WTR as a simple and the most reliable predictor of cardiovascular risk in primary care is suggested," say Schneider and colleagues. (staggsfitness.com)
  • Measurement of only E/A ratio has a chance of missing large number of patient with DD. (nepjol.info)
  • 1995) Direct measurement of high-density lipoprotein in cho-lesterol in serum with polyethylene GLYCOL-modified en-zymes and sulfated α-Cyclodextrin. (scirp.org)
  • It has been suggested that health professionals may discard measurement of hip circumference from public health screening efforts. (unboundmedicine.com)
Assessment4
  • Evidence from the conducted studies has revealed that abdominal obesity (assessed based on the waist circumference) plays a very important role in the development of metabolic disorders and in the assessment of cardiovascular risk. (hindawi.com)
  • Considerable attention has been given to waist circumference as a complementary (10) and, in some cases, superior (8) assessment to BMI. (cdc.gov)
  • Despite the importance of absolute cardiovascular risk assessment (CVRA) as a screening and early intervention tool, few studies have reported its use within the Australian Indigenous primary health care (PHC) sector. (frontiersin.org)
  • These results suggest that DPN assessment could help in identifying patients at risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). (springer.com)
ABSI2
Provides an indication1
  • Waist circumference may be a superior predictor because it provides an indication of the amount of fat stored centrally in the body, Schmidt said.The researchers analyzed data from 2,188 Australians who took part in a health and fitness survey in 1985, when they were ages 7 to 9. (livescience.com)
Obesity-related2
  • It is used as a predictor of obesity-related cardiovascular disease. (wikipedia.org)
  • Waist circumference also assumes greater value for estimating risk for obesity-related disease at older ages. (healthjade.com)
Nondiabetic1
  • Yudkin, J.S., Forrest, R.D. and Jackson, C.A. (1988) Microalbuminuria as predictor of vascular disease in nondiabetic subjects. (scirp.org)
Strongly2
  • MI was strongly associated with DPN, and this association remained significant in patients with normal RR ratio. (springer.com)
  • A 1-standard deviation higher waist circumference was more strongly linked with MI risk in women than in men, although the difference just reached statistical significance ( P for interaction = .048). (medscape.com)
Cohort2
  • Influences on the Relationship Between Waist Circumference and REGARDS is a cohort study of 30,239 US adults. (cdc.gov)
  • Obesity is a well-established risk factor for coronary heart disease ence the relationship between waist circumference and CHD in (CHD) (1-4) and has been associated with higher rates of death at- race-sex subgroups by using data from the longitudinal cohort in tributable to cardiovascular disease (CVD) (5). (cdc.gov)
Indicator2
Study7
  • This study applies ML algorithms to identify oncology patients at risk for cardiovascular disease for referrals to cardio-oncology and to generate risk scores to support quality of care. (bvsalud.org)
  • The incidence of metabolic syndrome in the NFHL study was higher with increasing viral load, higher BMI, higher trunk-to-limb fat ratio, and Kaletra (lopinavir/ritonavir) or didanosine (ddI) use and lower among college-educated persons. (natap.org)
  • The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between ideal cardiovascular health (Life's simple 7) and the odds of having short telomeres in a subsample of participants older than 55 years from the Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra (SUN) study. (unav.edu)
  • A new study provides further evidence that higher waist size and waist-to-hip ratio signal a greater risk for myocardial infarction (MI) than general obesity , especially in women. (medscape.com)
  • Gina Lundberg, MD, a preventive cardiologist from Emory University in Atlanta, Georgia, who was not involved in the study, said the results aren't that surprising because it's known that metabolic syndrome , which includes a waist circumference over 40 inches for men or 35 inches for women as one of its five criteria, is more common in women than men, and more dangerous. (medscape.com)
  • The aim was to study the association between plasma proteomics and forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC) and FEV1/FVC ratio. (lu.se)
  • Offspring Study (total n=2874), to cross-sectionally study 242 cardiovascular disease-and metabolism-linked proteins in relation to FEV1, FVC (both % predicted) and FEV1/FVC ratio. (lu.se)
Adults1
  • Boys with large waists were 5 times more likely, and girls 6 times more likely, to develop metabolic syndrome as young adults than those with smaller waists. (livescience.com)