DNA, CircularDNA, CatenatedDNA, ViralDNA, SuperhelicalExtrachromosomal InheritanceNucleic Acid ConformationPlasmidsBase SequenceDNA ReplicationDNA Restriction EnzymesMicroscopy, ElectronCircular DichroismCentrifugation, Density GradientDNA, BacterialEscherichia coliMolecular Sequence DataRepetitive Sequences, Nucleic AcidDNAMolecular WeightDNA, Single-StrandedNucleic Acid DenaturationNucleic Acid RenaturationElectrophoresis, Agar GelEthidiumRecombination, GeneticDeoxyribonucleasesKineticsDNA VirusesColiphagesHepatitis B Virus, DuckDNA Topoisomerases, Type IDucksBacteriophage phi X 174Cell Adhesion MoleculesAmino Acid SequenceModels, MolecularBinding SitesCell LineBacteriophagesProtein BindingCloning, MolecularTemplates, GeneticPolynucleotide LigasesNucleic Acid HybridizationSimian virus 40Hepadnaviridae InfectionsDNA, RecombinantRec A RecombinasesBacteriophage lambdaExonucleasesEndonucleasesRestriction MappingProtein ConformationMicroscopy, Atomic ForceMutationDNA LigasesVirus ReplicationTemperatureGenome, ViralHepadnaviridaeDNA-Binding ProteinsCiliophoraTransformation, GeneticSequence Analysis, DNASubstrate SpecificityDNA-Directed DNA PolymeraseThermodynamicsHepatitis, Viral, AnimalOligonucleotidesBacterial ProteinsGenes, ViralNanoporesDNA HelicasesOligodeoxyribonucleotidesDNA Topoisomerases, Type IITritiumHepatitis B virusViral ProteinsChromosome MappingBlotting, SouthernT-PhagesNucleic Acid Amplification TechniquesPolymerase Chain ReactionTranscription, GeneticPolyomavirusElectrophoresis, Polyacrylamide GelDNA NucleotidyltransferasesOptical TweezersChromosomesRNAMacromolecular SubstancesBase CompositionDNA, Mitochondrial