• We investigated the antimicrobial efficacy of clinically meaningful, low concentrations of azithromycin against intracellular growth of two clinical isolates of Legionella pneumophila. (nih.gov)
  • isolates with intermediate resistance to fluoroquinolones demonstrate ciprofloxacin MICs of 0.125--0.500 µ g/mL. (cdc.gov)
  • In 2005, of 6,199 isolates collected by GISP, 9.4% were resistant to ciprofloxacin, and during January--June 2006, 13.3% of 3,005 isolates collected were resistant ( Figure ) ( 5 ). (cdc.gov)
  • The percentage of isolates resistant to tetracycline, ciprofloxacin, penicillin, or all three antimicrobials, was greater in isolates from MSM than from MSW. (cdc.gov)
  • An increase in the number of ciprofloxacin-resistant (CipR)* gonococcal isolates submitted by HSL to CDC for reference characterization in 1999 ( 3 ) prompted CDC and the Hawaii Department of Health (HDH) to initiate an investigation in September 1999. (cdc.gov)
  • From January 1990 through September 1999, 105 gonococcal isolates were identified that were CipR (n=48) or had intermediate resistance to ciprofloxacin (CipI) (n=57). (cdc.gov)
  • For CipR isolates, the median ciprofloxacin minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) was 2.0 µ g/mL (range: 1.0--16.0 µ g/mL). (cdc.gov)
  • Mutant prevention concentrations of ciprofloxacin against urinary isolates of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae. (tuftsmedicalcenter.org)
  • All San Francisco isolates, and 89% of isolates overall, were resistant to ciprofloxacin. (cdc.gov)
  • The proportion of GISP isolates demonstrating decreased susceptibility to ciprofloxacin, one of the currently recommended treatments for gonorrhea, has decreased from a high of 1.3% in 1994 to 0.5% in 1996. (cdc.gov)
  • For each isolates Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (MIC) for Metronidazole (MTZ), Amoxicillin (AMX), Tetracycline (TC) and Ciprofloxacin (CIP) were determined by Epsilometer test. (scialert.net)
  • Enrofloxacin or ciprofloxacin resistance was not found in isolates from 1987. (tubitak.gov.tr)
  • All the viable isolates were susceptible to cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin and rifampicin. (bmj.com)
  • Four isolates were penicillin G-resistant and 73% of those penicillin G-susceptible showed a minimum inhibitory concentration from 0.064 μg/mL to 0.25 μg/mL. (bmj.com)
  • In this study, we investigated the presence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) genes among 101 ciprofloxacin-resistant urinary Escherichia coli isolates and searched for mutations in the quinolone-resistance-determining regions (QRDRs) of the DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV genes in PMQR-carrying isolates. (scielo.br)
  • Therefore, in this study, we investigated the presence of the qnrA , qnrB , qnrS and aac(6-)-Ib-cr genes in a sample of ciprofloxacin-resistant E. coli isolates from women with CA-UTIs. (scielo.br)
  • Minimal inhibitory concentrations of enrofloxacin, ciprofloxacin and nalidixic acid for 567 Campylobacter jejuni and 233 Campylobacter coli strains were determined by the agar dilution method. (tubitak.gov.tr)
  • GISP began susceptibility testing for ciprofloxacin in 1990. (cdc.gov)
  • Reduced azithromycin susceptibility (Azi-RS) (defined as minimum inhibitory concentration [MIC] ≥2.0 µ g/mL) increased from 0.6% in 2013 to 2.5% in 2014. (cdc.gov)
  • The susceptibility of N. gonorrhoeae to ciprofloxacin is used to assess susceptibility to all equivalent fluoroquinolone antimicrobials. (cdc.gov)
  • Reduced susceptibility and resistance to ciprofloxacin correlate with reduced susceptibility and resistance to other fluoroquinolone antibiotics. (cdc.gov)
  • For all of our butyrophenone compounds we observed a reduction in the MIC of ciprofloxacin in S. aureus 1199B reversing its susceptibility from resistant to susceptible. (confex.com)
  • However, the resistance of campylobacters to quinolones increased dramatically in 2000, with 75.5%, 73% and 94.5% of the strains being resistant to enrofloxacin, ciprofloxacin and nalidixic acid, respectively. (tubitak.gov.tr)
  • A high level of cross-resistance was observed among enrofloxacin, ciprofloxacin and nalidixic acid. (tubitak.gov.tr)
  • The fluoroquinolone ciprofloxacin has been a frequently used antibiotic in critically ill patients. (betasciencepress-publishing.com)
  • A therapeutic target level of f AUC 0-2 4/minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) ≥ 100 and f C max /MIC ≥ 8 are predictive for effective antibiotic therapy in critically ill patients [6,9-10]. (betasciencepress-publishing.com)
  • Ciprofloxacin and trimethoprim are found in Swedish wastewater treatment plants in concentrations that are likely to select for antibiotic resistance. (janusinfo.se)
  • Infecton consists of the synthetic broad-spectrum antibiotic ciprofloxacin linked to the radiochemical 99m Tc. (snmjournals.org)
  • The growth of bacteria population in a human host treated with an antibiotic depends on both: (a) the strength or the initial concentration of the antibiotic used for the treatment and (b) the profile in time of the antibiotic concentration. (unl.edu)
  • Therefore both, antibiotic initial concentration, and the long-term effectiveness of the antibiotic, as its concentration decays overtime, will impact the profile of the bacteria population in the human host. (unl.edu)
  • In this study we are developing a model to show the relationship between the concentration of the antibiotic Ciprofloxacin, its long-term effectiveness, and the E . coli bacteria population in a human host. (unl.edu)
  • Intermediate resistance to ciprofloxacin has remained stable, ranging from 0.4% to 1.1% from 1990 to 2006 ( 5 ). (cdc.gov)
  • To address this knowledge gap, we investigated the occurrence, concentration, and antimicrobial resistance patterns of VRE and vancomycin-susceptible enterococci at three U.S. spray irrigation sites that use reclaimed water. (cdc.gov)
  • Resistance to ciprofloxacin was first identified in GISP in 1991 but remains rare (0.04%) in 1996 ( Figure_21 ). (cdc.gov)
  • In present study we confronted with markedly high rate of resistance to metronidazole and ciprofloxacin, furthermore other antibiotics displayed significant resistance rate and there was some level of overlap between resistances to these drugs. (scialert.net)
  • Only ciprofloxacin resistance was significantly higher among E. coli strains isolated from women with recurrent UTIs compared with women who did not have recurrent UTIs. (renalandurologynews.com)
  • The first fluoroquinolone resistance (1.4% to enrofloxacin and 1.2% to ciprofloxacin) appeared in strains isolated in 1992, approximately 2 years after the licensing of enrofloxacin in Turkey. (tubitak.gov.tr)
  • A mutation in the promoter region of norA increases the expression of the NorA efflux pump in S. aureus strain 1199B resulting in resistance to ciprofloxacin. (confex.com)
  • haloperidol, droperidol and spiperone, as NorA efflux pump inhibitors that reverse ciprofloxacin resistance in S. aureus 1199B. (confex.com)
  • Ciprofloxacin resistance emerged at 7 in the same year. (bvsalud.org)
  • Addition of the intracellular-acting antibiotics azithromycin or ciprofloxacin at their MICs (0.5 and 0. (nih.gov)
  • Systemically absorbed antibiotics such as quinolones and sulfonamides are readily taken up into the bloodstream if given orally, which makes them difficult to retain high concentrations at the site of enteric infections 9 , 10 . (nature.com)
  • All tested antibiotics and herbicides were detected in greywater influent samples at concentrations ranging from 1.3 to 1592.9 ng/L and 3.1-22.4 ng/L, respectively. (umd.edu)
  • Several antibiotics require high concentrations for gaining ability to completely remove bacteria from skin surface. (sbwire.com)
  • In Staphylococcus aureus , the membrane protein NorA has been found to mediate the efflux of hydrophilic fluoroquinolone antibiotics, such as ciprofloxacin. (confex.com)
  • The MICs were low for β-lactam antibiotics, whereas high MICs were recorded for ciprofloxacin and trimethoprim. (lu.se)
  • Selection of Resistant Bacteria in Mallards Exposed to Subinhibitory Concentrations of Ciprofloxacin in Their Water Environment [Article]. (sva.se)
  • In the treatment of infections, subinhibitory concentrations are commonly present and induce a wide range of effects. (seq.es)
  • Mono Mac 6 cells infected with L. pneumophila were incubated with various concentrations of azithromycin. (nih.gov)
  • Azithromycin inhibited intracellular replication at concentrations as low as 0.125 mg/L, approximately one-quarter of the extracellular MIC. (nih.gov)
  • In accordance with clinical data and animal experiments, azithromycin and ciprofloxacin inhibited the intraphagocytic replication of L. pneumophila. (nih.gov)
  • In particular, azithromycin killed ingested legionellae in vitro at concentrations below the peak serum concentrations and below the MIC. (nih.gov)
  • CDC continues to receive new reports of infections with Shigella strains that are not susceptible to ciprofloxacin and/or azithromycin, the antimicrobial agents most commonly used to treat shigellosis. (cdc.gov)
  • CIPRO XR (ciprofloxacin * extended-release tablets) contains ciprofloxacin, a synthetic broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent for oral administration. (theodora.com)
  • CIPRO XR is available in 500 mg and 1000 mg (ciprofloxacin equivalent) tablet strengths. (theodora.com)
  • Each CIPRO XR 500 mg tablet contains 500 mg of ciprofloxacin as ciprofloxacin HCl (287.5 mg, calculated as ciprofloxacin on the dried basis) and ciprofloxacin **/* (212.6 mg, calculated on the dried basis). (theodora.com)
  • Each CIPRO XR 1000 mg tablet contains 1000 mg of ciprofloxacin as ciprofloxacin HCl (574.9 mg, calculated as ciprofloxacin on the dried basis) and ciprofloxacin **/* (425.2 mg, calculated on the dried basis). (theodora.com)
  • Maximum plasma ciprofloxacin concentrations are attained between 1 and 4 hours after dosing with CIPRO XR. (theodora.com)
  • In comparison to the 250 mg and 500 mg ciprofloxacin immediate-release BID treatment, the C max of CIPRO XR 500 mg and 1000 mg once daily are higher than the corresponding BID doses, while the AUCs over 24 hours are equivalent. (theodora.com)
  • The following table compares the pharmacokinetic parameters obtained at steady state for these four treatment regimens (500 mg QD CIPRO XR versus 250 mg BID ciprofloxacin immediate-release tablets and 1000 mg QD CIPRO XR versus 500 mg BID ciprofloxacin immediate-release). (theodora.com)
  • 99m Tc-labeled ciprofloxacin (infecton) has been developed for detecting infectious foci, which localize in high concentrations in living bacteria. (snmjournals.org)
  • This agent combines the advantages of a 99m Tc label and the broad-spectrum bacteria-localizing capability of ciprofloxacin. (snmjournals.org)
  • Initial in vitro studies and animal experiments have shown that infecton localizes in high concentrations in abscesses caused by both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, but it does not localize to areas of sterile inflammation or abscesses with dead bacteria ( 10 ). (snmjournals.org)
  • The median unbound ciprofloxacin fraction was 74.8%, with a median area under the curve from 0-24 h (AUC0-24) and maximum serum concentration (Cmax) of 28.51 h·mg/L and 4.45 mg/L respectively. (betasciencepress-publishing.com)
  • The efficacy of ciprofloxacin is dependent on the maximum serum concentration (C max ) and the area under the curve (AUC). (betasciencepress-publishing.com)
  • The binding of ciprofloxacin to serum proteins is 20% to 40%, which is not likely to be high enough to cause significant protein binding interactions with other drugs. (theodora.com)
  • Gardner DK, Gabbe SG, Harter C. Simultaneous concentrations of ciprofloxacin in breast milk and in serum in mother and breast-fed infant. (drugs.com)
  • Both ciprofloxacin and trimethoprim are included in Region Stockholm's table of pharmaceuticals with risk for negative environmental impact according to the environmental program 2017-2021. (janusinfo.se)
  • Two antimicrobial agents (meropenem and ciprofloxacin) and two standard Gram-positive and Gram-negative strains (S. aureus y E. coli) were used. (seq.es)
  • With all the sub-MICs tested, the in vitro results showed that meropenem induced the formation of round cells (spheroplasts) on E. coli, while ciprofloxacin produced filaments. (seq.es)
  • In total, 18% of C. jejuni and 24% of C. coli strains were resistant to enrofloxacin, and 17.5% of C. jejuni and 22.3% of C. coli strains were resistant to ciprofloxacin. (tubitak.gov.tr)
  • 1.25/23.75 g), ciprofloxacin (5 g) and the distribution and antimicrobial drug ceftriaxone (30 g). (who.int)
  • Addition of tamsulosin to the LVX regimen was beneficial for patients with bacterial prostatitis because tamsulosin could increase the maximal concentration of LVX in prostatic tissue. (dovepress.com)
  • The extended release form of ciprofloxacin is used to treat bladder and kidney infections. (medbroadcast.com)
  • For bone infections it may be necessary to take ciprofloxacin for as long as 3 months. (medbroadcast.com)
  • All together these results show that butyrophenones are inhibitors of the NorA efflux pump , and its derivatives have potential for treating ciprofloxacin resistant S. aureus infections in combination therapy. (confex.com)
  • One mother who was recovering from acute renal failure was given a single dose of ciprofloxacin 500 mg orally with a prenatal vitamin and ferrous sulfate which would be expected to decrease ciprofloxacin bioavailability. (drugs.com)
  • To develop a reliable ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method for therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of unbound ciprofloxacin concentrations in critically ill patients. (betasciencepress-publishing.com)
  • Total and unbound ciprofloxacin concentrations of five randomly selected intensive care unit (ICU) patients were measured using UPLC-MS/MS. Method validation included accuracy, linearity, precision, repeatability, and limits of detection and quantification. (betasciencepress-publishing.com)
  • This UPLC-MS/MS method provided reliable unbound ciprofloxacin concentrations, allowing target attainment in critically ill patients and exploration of different dosing regimens. (betasciencepress-publishing.com)
  • The QSP model included a VPA population pharma-cokinetics model that allowed the prediction of total and unbound concentrations after single and multiple oral doses considering its saturable binding to plasma proteins. (unav.edu)
  • Uno de estos efectos, el cambio de la morfología de las bacterias, es estudiado en este ensayo in vitro e in vivo, comparando posteriormente los resultados. (seq.es)
  • Las técnicas empleadas fueron la de exposición in vitro en placas con agar Mueller-Hinton y el modelo in vivo de infección intraperitoneal en ratones. (seq.es)
  • Los resultados in vivo confirmaron estos cambios morfológicos, si bien en menor porcentaje que in vitro. (seq.es)
  • Maternal use of an ear drop or eye drop that contains ciprofloxacin presents negligible risk for the nursing infant. (drugs.com)
  • Each white, oval, film-coated tablet, imprinted with 'R' on one side and '127' on the other, contains ciprofloxacin (as the hydrochloride) 500 mg. (medbroadcast.com)
  • The tests were imipenem (LBXMI1 and LBXMI2), cefazolin(LBXMF1 and LBXMF2), ciprofloxacin (LBXMD1 and LBXMD2), and amoxicillin/k clavulanate (LBXMY1 and LBXMY2). (cdc.gov)
  • These data show that some M. tuberculosis strains persist longer than others after transient exposure to low concentrations of rifampin, which could create a wider window for the (possibly stimulated) generation and selection of resistant mutants. (cdc.gov)
  • Ciprofloxacin was used as part of multi-drug regimens to treat three pregnant women with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis throughout pregnancy and postpartum. (drugs.com)
  • From an environmental perspective, the overall scientific support for replacing both ciprofloxacin and trimetroprim with nitrofurantoin is therefore strong. (janusinfo.se)
  • Methods Demographic, clinical and pharmacological variables, including tacrolimus whole blood concentrations obtained from therapeutic drug monitoring and data from dense-sampling pharmacokinetic profiles, were recorded in 26 paediatric patients with biliary atresia who underwent liver transplantation between 2016 and 2021. (unav.edu)
  • Combinations of concentrations of butyrophenones or control EPI (chlorpromazine) along with ciprofloxacin (CIP) were utilized in checkerboard assays to determine their minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC). (confex.com)
  • Etests were used for minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) determination. (lu.se)
  • the minimum inhibitory concentration values for spectinomycin were very close to the breakpoint. (bvsalud.org)
  • the Beijing strain colonies were more capable of persisting and exhibited slow but sustained growth after exposure to low concentrations of rifampin. (cdc.gov)
  • Diatom assemblage structure was unaffected by pharmaceuticals in successional biofilms, whereas the composition of established biofilm assemblages changed with exposure to treatments that contained ciprofloxacin, diphenhydramine, and all 3 pharmaceuticals. (monash.edu)
  • Our study adds to a growing body of evidence indicating that chronic exposure to sub-lethal concentrations of pharmaceuticals may substantially alter key ecosystem processes and communities. (monash.edu)
  • High exposure to VPA can lead to carnitine depletion causing a misbalance between the intra-mitochondrial beta-oxidation and the microsomal co-oxidation, a pathway that produces toxic metabolites such as 4-en-VPA which inhibits ammonia elimination. (unav.edu)
  • Our understanding of the effects of pharmaceuticals on key biogeochemical processes and biofilm assemblage composition in surface waters is limited despite the prevalence of ng/L to lg/L concentrations of these compounds. (monash.edu)
  • Nirmatrelvir/ritonavir is contraindicated with drugs that are highly dependent on CYP3A for clearance and for which elevated concentrations are associated with serious and/or life-threatening reactions. (medscape.com)
  • Ofloxacin does not significantly alter theophylline concentrations. (emedexpert.com)
  • Compared to other methods, the main advantage of near-infrared measurements is the possibility to differentiate between soils or soil components (carbohydrates, fats and protein) at very low concentrations. (degruyter.com)
  • in urine excreted from 12 to 24 hours after dosing, ciprofloxacin concentration averaged 27 mg/L for the 500 mg tablet, and 58 mg/L for the 1000 mg tablet. (theodora.com)