Cilia of olfactory receptor. Medical search. Frequent questions

Humans have between 10 and 20 million olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs). (wikipedia.org)
In vertebrates, ORNs are bipolar neurons with dendrites facing the external surface of the cribriform plate with axons that pass through the cribriform foramina with terminal end at olfactory bulbs. (wikipedia.org)
As humans age, the number of olfactory neurons steadily decreases. (medscape.com)
In addition to the olfactory neurons, the epithelium is composed of supporting cells, Bowman glands and ducts unique to the olfactory epithelium, and basal cells that allow for the regeneration of the epithelium, including the olfactory sensory neurons. (medscape.com)
Olfactory receptors are supposed to act not only as molecular sensors for odorants but also as cell recognition molecules guiding the axons of olfactory neurons to their appropriate glomerulus in the olfactory bulb. (jneurosci.org)
On serial sections through the olfactory bulb of mOR37-transgenic mouse lines, double-labeling experiments demonstrated that distinct immunoreactive glomeruli corresponded to glomeruli that were targeted by neurons expressing a particular member of the mOR37 receptor subfamily. (jneurosci.org)
These data indicate that olfactory receptor (OR) proteins are indeed present in the axonal processes and nerve terminals of olfactory sensory neurons, thus supporting the notion that ORs may participate in the molecular processes underlying the fasciculation and targeting of olfactory axons. (jneurosci.org)
In vertebrates the olfactory receptors are located in the cilia of the olfactory sensory neurons. (answers.com)
In addition, we provide evidence that many cell types, including dopaminergic neurons, cannot form cilia when aggresomes are present, which would affect their ability to receive extracellular signals. (biorxiv.org)
Odor sensing starts with olfactory sensory neurons in the nose, which carry the information to the olfactory bulb and subsequently to several cortical and subcortical regions. (upenn.edu)
In addition to detecting odors, olfactory sensory neurons also serve as mechanical sensors, thus the nose transmits both odor information and nasal breathing signal into the brain. (upenn.edu)
The stem cell marker Lgr5 defines a subset of postmitotic neurons in the olfactory bulb. (upenn.edu)
G Protein-coupled odorant receptors underlie mechanosensitivity in mammalian olfactory sensory neurons. (upenn.edu)
Olfactory sensory neurons are transduction cells that total about six million in humans (Moran et al. (psychologic.science)
These neurons are arranged with dendrites positioned in the inferior space of the nasal cavity and an axon that projects through the cribriform plate to the olfactory nerve, and subsequently the olfactory bulb. (psychologic.science)
Individual odors are characterized by patterns of activated neurons in an olfactory region. (psychologic.science)
Olfactory epithelium and neurons. (wikipedia.org)
The olfactory reception (OR) cells are neurons (nerve cells). (wikipedia.org)
The basis of the sense of smell is that different groups of scent molecules bind to different receptor cells and so fire different groups of neurons. (wikipedia.org)
[4] Inside the olfactory region of the brain, the firing of neurons produces the perceived smell. (wikipedia.org)
It is formed by the axons of OLFACTORY RECEPTOR NEURONS which project from the olfactory epithelium (in the nasal epithelium) to the OLFACTORY BULB. (lookformedical.com)
Neurons in the OLFACTORY EPITHELIUM with proteins (RECEPTORS, ODORANT) that bind, and thus detect, odorants. (lookformedical.com)
These neurons send their DENDRITES to the surface of the epithelium with the odorant receptors residing in the apical non-motile cilia. (lookformedical.com)
The ability to detect scents or odors, such as the function of OLFACTORY RECEPTOR NEURONS. (lookformedical.com)
A ubiquitous, cytoplasmic protein found in mature OLFACTORY RECEPTOR NEURONS of all VERTEBRATES. (lookformedical.com)
Proteins, usually projecting from the cilia of olfactory receptor neurons, that specifically bind odorant molecules and trigger responses in the neurons. (lookformedical.com)
We find that while medium-chain alcohols inhibit the AWC olfactory neurons to drive attraction, these alcohols instead activate AWC to promote avoidance when presented in the background of a second AWC-sensed odorant. (plos.org)
Although mechanisms operating at the level of single sensory neuron types or sensilla in the periphery have also been implicated in this process [ 14 - 21 ], the contributions of sensory neurons to mediating odorant discrimination and olfactory behavioral plasticity are not fully understood. (plos.org)
Every time we inhale, currents of air swirl up through the nostrils, over the bony turbinates, to a "sheet" about the size of a small postage stamp that contains millions of olfactory receptor neurons. (sniffngoaromapods.com)
Each of the millions of olfactory neurons has minuscule filaments (cilia) extending from its knob. (sniffngoaromapods.com)
In 1996, Peter Mombaerts found that olfactory neurons containing the same olfactory receptor, while randomly scattered within one of four spatial zones of the olfactory epithelium, project to only two specific areas (glomeruli) in the olfactory bulb. (sniffngoaromapods.com)
After viewing the material for this week as outlined in the syllabus, discuss the components of the olfactory system: the olfactory receptors, the olfactory sensory neurons, the olfactory bulb and the cortex. (writingestate.com)
The olfactory system consists of Mucus membranes, olfactory glands, olfactory neurons, and olfactory nerve fibers are the main elements in the layers of epithelial tissue. (writingestate.com)
Sensory olfactory neurons detect odorous molecules dissolving in molecules and transmit odor information to the brain during a sensory transduction process. (writingestate.com)
Cilia (small hair) in olfactory neurons containing olfactory molecules that bind to molecules of odor, leading to electric response that spreads to olfactory nerve fibers at the back via the sensory neuron. (writingestate.com)
The specialized olfactory epithelial cells characterize the only group of neurons capable of regeneration. (medscape.com)
The continuous turnover and new supply of these neurons are unique to the olfactory system. (medscape.com)
The receptor cells are actually bipolar neurons, each possessing a thin dendritic rod that contains specialized cilia extending from the olfactory vesicle and a long central process that forms the fila olfactoria. (medscape.com)
The small, unmyelinated axons of the olfactory receptor cells form the fine fibers of the first cranial nerve and travel centrally toward the ipsilateral olfactory bulb to make contact with the second-order neurons. (medscape.com)
Mitral cells are second-order neurons contacted by the olfactory nerve fibers at the glomerular layer of the bulb. (medscape.com)
They develop multiciliated cells (MCCs) and olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) in the olfactory pit early in embryogenesis, establishing the zebrafish olfactory epithelium as an easily accessible ciliated organ for high-throughput studies of ciliary characteristics. (ntnu.no)
Our nasal cavity has millions of olfactory neurons and brings together 400 receptors. (plantesetparfums.com)
Nasal sustentacular epithelial cells adjacent to olfactory neurons have high angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptor levels and are a key site of virus replication. (cdc.gov)
References for aroma perceptual qualities should not be taken to indicate that the authors of outside studies necessarily assigned aroma notes to the neurons that receive input from any given receptor. (primaryodors.org)

The ORNs are located in the olfactory epithelium in the nasal cavity. (wikipedia.org)
The cell bodies of the ORNs are distributed among all three of the stratified layers of the olfactory epithelium. (wikipedia.org)
An odorant will dissolve into the mucus of the olfactory epithelium and then bind to an OR. (wikipedia.org)
Olfaction requires orthonasal or retronasal airflow to transport odor-bearing particles up to the olfactory epithelium located at the apex of the nasal cavity. (nih.gov)
The olfactory epithelium has a thin layer of mucus covering its surface. (psychologic.science)
In this activation process, an odorant molecule will dissolve into the mucous membrane of the olfactory epithelium and subsequently bind to an olfactory receptor. (psychologic.science)
These are special nerve cells attached to the olfactory epithelium . (wikipedia.org)
Many tiny hair-like cilia stick out of these cells into the mucus covering the surface of the epithelium . (wikipedia.org)
An odor molecule dissolves into the mucus of the olfactory epithelium and then binds to an OR. (wikipedia.org)
The receptor is called the olfactory epithelium and contains sensors [2] mounted on tiny strands called cilia. (livingwines.com.au)
Explain the structural components of the taste buds and olfactory epithelium. (medcell.org)
This laboratory emphasizes the important structural elements of the eye and ear and briefly covers the taste buds and olfactory epithelium. (medcell.org)
A small area on the mucous membrane that lines the nose (the olfactory epithelium) contains specialized nerve cells called smell receptors. (msdmanuals.com)
This is the olfactory epithelium. (sniffngoaromapods.com)
These findings suggest that the bulb transfers information that is broadly distributed in the olfactory epithelium into a highly organized information map that is in essence a map of the information provided by the different olfactory receptors. (sniffngoaromapods.com)
Growing receptor cell has a single external process extending to the epithelium surface, leading to a long, slender extension called cilia. (writingestate.com)
Olfactory nerves and fibers transmit odor information from the peripheral olfactory system to the central olfactory brain system that is separated from the epithelium by the ethmoid bone cribriform. (writingestate.com)
Olfactory nerve fibers coming from the epithelium cross the caliphal platform linking the epithelium with an olfactory bulb's brain limbic system. (writingestate.com)
Within the nasal cavity, the turbinates or nasal conchae serve to direct the inspired air toward the olfactory epithelium in the upper posterior region. (medscape.com)
The olfactory epithelium consists of 3 cell types: basal, supporting, and olfactory receptor cells. (medscape.com)
As previously mentioned, the trigeminal nerve (cranial nerve V) sends fibers to the olfactory epithelium to detect caustic chemicals, such as ammonia. (medscape.com)
In the first part of my work, I characterized cilia morphology and physiology by investigating ciliary beating in the olfactory epithelium of zebrafish larvae and discussing potential regulatory mechanisms. (ntnu.no)
Up on the roof of the nasal cavity (the space behind your nose) is the olfactory epithelium (say: ol-FAK-tuh-ree eh-puh-THEE-lee-um). (kidshealth.org)
The olfactory epithelium contains special receptors that are sensitive to odor molecules that travel through the air. (kidshealth.org)

The axons of olfactory receptor cells which express the same OR converge to form glomeruli in the olfactory bulb. (wikipedia.org)
To scrutinize the hypothesis that olfactory receptor proteins may also be present in the axonal processes and the nerve terminals, serial sections through the olfactory bulb were probed with the antibodies. (jneurosci.org)
their axonal projections converge onto one medial and one lateral glomerulus in the olfactory bulb. (jneurosci.org)
in the cilia recognizing odorous molecules from the environment and in the axons recognizing molecular cues in the olfactory bulb. (jneurosci.org)
In case of inhalation of essential oils, the oil molecules reach the lungs as well as the olfactory bulb present in the nose. (keyaseth.in)
The axons of these OSNs that express the same olfactory receptors come together to form glomeruli in the olfactory bulb. (psychologic.science)
The information is given to the olfactory bulb in the front of the forebrain . (wikipedia.org)
Once these compounds combine with the sensors they send electrical signals to the glomerulus layer in the olfactory bulb at the back of the nose (almost directly between the eyes) where it is encoded into signals understood by the brain. (livingwines.com.au)
A central function of the olfactory bulb is to process odor coding patterns and relay processed odor codes to the higher olfactory brain centers. (livingwines.com.au)
The olfactory bulb contains several types of nerve cells including the mitral cells, on whose DENDRITES the olfactory nerve synapses, forming the olfactory glomeruli. (lookformedical.com)
The accessory olfactory bulb, which receives the projection from the VOMERONASAL ORGAN via the vomeronasal nerve, is also included here. (lookformedical.com)
Their unmyelinated AXONS synapse in the OLFACTORY BULB of the BRAIN. (lookformedical.com)
This conformational change gives rise to an electrical signal that goes first to the olfactory bulb and then to the areas of the brain that convert the electrical signal to a smell. (sniffngoaromapods.com)
Systematic studies have shown that different odorants are represented by distinct spatial activity patterns in the glomerular layer of the olfactory bulb. (sniffngoaromapods.com)
These results in turn suggest a combinatorial mechanism for olfactory coding wherein the responses of olfactory receptors to odorants produce spatial patterns of olfactory bulb activity that are characteristic for a given odorant or blend of odorants, e.g. a perfume. (sniffngoaromapods.com)
Olfaction system data the main olfactory bulb transmits a pulse to both mitral and tufted cells that aid in determining odor levels based on the time of certain fire neuronal clusters. (writingestate.com)
The olfactory bulb lies inferior to the basal frontal lobe. (medscape.com)
The olfactory bulb is a highly organized structure composed of several distinct layers and synaptic specializations. (medscape.com)
For an odor to be perceived by the olfactory mucosa, the scent must be odorous and sufficiently concentrated so that its chemical nature can make the cilia of the olfactory bulb react. (plantesetparfums.com)
When the smell receptors are stimulated, signals travel along the olfactory nerve to the olfactory bulb . (kidshealth.org)
The olfactory bulb is underneath the front of your brain just above the nasal cavity. (kidshealth.org)
Signals are sent from the olfactory bulb to other parts of the brain to be interpreted as a smell you may recognize, like apple pie fresh from the oven. (kidshealth.org)
We explored two cellular aspects to elucidate the mechanism by which loss of Kv1.3 channel in the olfactory bulb (OB) may enhance glucose utilization and metabolic rate. (fsu.edu)
Five million of these cells fire impulses to the brain's olfactory bulb or smell center. (perfumotherapy.com)
The cilia of each cell are sensitive to different chemicals and, when stimulated, create a nerve impulse that is sent to the nerve cells of the olfactory bulb, which lies inside the skull just above the nose. (selfhealingonline.com)
The olfactory nerves carry the nerve impulse from the olfactory bulb directly to the brain, where it is perceived as a smell. (selfhealingonline.com)
The effects of these exposures on hormone concentrations, and markers of function and/or injury in the olfactory bulb, hypothalamus and testes were measured after 1, 8 and 30days exposure. (cdc.gov)

Each olfactory receptor cell expresses only one type of olfactory receptor (OR), but many separate olfactory receptor cells express ORs which bind the same set of odors. (wikipedia.org)
Olfactory perception, and especially affective responses of odors, is highly flexible, but some mechanisms involved in this flexibility remain to be elucidated. (frontiersin.org)
An olfactory cilia pattern in the mammalian nose ensures high sensitivity to odors. (upenn.edu)
2004). Olfactory receptors on different OSNs can detect new odors from background environmental odors. (psychologic.science)
That being said, there are many separate OSNs that express olfactory receptors, which bind to the same set of odors. (psychologic.science)
Odors in the flowing water are detected by receptors called olfactory rosettes. (wildaboututah.org)
These receptors have hairlike projections (cilia) that detect odors. (msdmanuals.com)
These signals, which are not detected consciously as odors by the olfactory system, mediate human autonomic, psychological, and endocrine responses. (medscape.com)
Sniffing, however, increases the flow of air over the smell receptor cells, greatly increasing their exposure to odors. (selfhealingonline.com)

The olfactory neuroepithelium is located at the upper area of each nasal chamber adjacent to the cribriform plate, superior nasal septum, and superior-lateral nasal wall. (medscape.com)
To stimulate the olfactory receptors, airborne molecules must pass through the nasal cavity with relatively turbulent air currents and contact the receptors. (medscape.com)
It also captures the odor bearing particles and transmits them to the olfactory recesses, that are in the superior portion of the nasal cavity, just medial to the superior turbinates. (nih.gov)
The cilia on the surface sweep the mucus in a carpet like fashion and move them towards the nasal ostia. (nih.gov)
nasal vestibule, respiratory region, and olfactory region. (nih.gov)
The first port of call for our aroma compounds is the aroma receptor in our nasal cavity. (livingwines.com.au)
Airborne molecules entering the nasal passage stimulate the cilia, triggering a nerve impulse in nearby nerve fibers. (msdmanuals.com)
The fibers extend upward through the bone that forms the roof of the nasal cavity (cribriform plate) and connect to enlargements of nerve cells (olfactory bulbs). (msdmanuals.com)
Receptors are located on olfactory receptor cells, which are present in very many (millions) "terrestrial vertebrates, including humans, and which form an olfactory epithelial in a small area on the back of the nasal cavity. (writingestate.com)
Cilia are covered by the nasal cavity mucus which facilitates the detection and reaction of olfactory receptors to smell molecules. (writingestate.com)
The peripheral olfactory system consists mainly of the nasal cavity, ethmoid bone, and olfactory epithet (thin-tap tissue layers that line the nasal cavity). (writingestate.com)
When I hold a violet to my nose and inhale, odor molecules float back into the nasal cavity behind the bridge of the nose, where they are absorbed by the mucosa containing receptor cells bearing microscopic hairs called cilia. (perfumotherapy.com)
Like the nasal cavity, the sinuses are lined with a mucous membrane composed of cells that produce mucus and have cilia. (selfhealingonline.com)
Incoming dirt particles are trapped by the mucus and then are moved by the cilia into the nasal cavity through small sinus openings (ostia). (selfhealingonline.com)
Smell receptor cells are located in the upper part of the nasal cavity. (selfhealingonline.com)

The olfactory system is a highly-specialised chemical recognition system that, like the immune system, is capable of discriminating with tremendous sensitivity between numerous foreign molecules in the environment. (embl.de)
This means the receptor is indirectly activated when ions enter an ion channel, which is done by the secondary messenger, G protein molecules. (psychologic.science)
The cilia contain olfactory receptors, specialized proteins that bind low molecular weight molecules (odorants). (sniffngoaromapods.com)
Each receptor has a pocket (binding site) that is just the right shape to bind either a specific molecule or a group of structurally similar molecules. (sniffngoaromapods.com)
Minimum 300 words answer Classmate #1: Olfactory receptor, also known as the scent receptor, a protein that binds molecules of odor and plays a key role in smell detection (olfaction). (writingestate.com)
This shows how important amino acid molecules are to determine receptor cell specificity. (writingestate.com)
Activation occurs when odiferous molecules come in contact with specialized processes known as the olfactory vesicles. (medscape.com)
There are hundreds of different odor receptors, each with the ability to sense certain odor molecules. (kidshealth.org)

This concept implies that olfactory receptor proteins are located in sensory cilia and in the axons. (jneurosci.org)
By means of immunohistochemistry and double-labeling studies using transgenic mouse lines as well as Western blot analyses, it was demonstrated that the newly generated antibodies specifically recognized the receptor proteins. (jneurosci.org)
The question whether OR proteins are indeed present in the axons and nerve terminals of OSNs is thus of fundamental importance toward an understanding of the functional wiring in the olfactory system. (jneurosci.org)
In this study, antibodies were generated against unique epitopes of distinct OR types and used in immunohistochemical experiments to visualize the receptor proteins in whole-mount preparations and tissue sections of the olfactory system. (jneurosci.org)
Olfactory transduction is believed to be initiated by the binding of odorants to specific receptor proteins in the cilia of olfactory receptor cells. (embl.de)
Olfactory receptors are integral membrane proteins that belong to the seven transmembrane (TM), rhodopsin-like G-protein coupled receptor family. (embl.de)
This makes it possible to reassess the diversity status of distinct receptor proteins in different human individuals. (biomedcentral.com)
The olfactory receptor proteins within the cell membrane are positioned so that one end is outside the cell and the other finishes in the cells. (writingestate.com)
A chain of amino acids binds the external and internal ends of receptor proteins involved in smell. (writingestate.com)
POLK and POLZ have in the receptor of proteins reused multiple to such anions by POLK. (erik-mill.de)

Such receptors are commonly found in arthropods, vertebrates of the earth, fish and other animals. (writingestate.com)

An olfactory receptor neuron (ORN), also called an olfactory sensory neuron (OSN), is a sensory neuron within the olfactory system. (wikipedia.org)
The olfactory receptor neuron has a fast working negative feedback response upon depolarization. (wikipedia.org)
An olfactory sensory neuron (OSN) is a component within the olfactory system used to detect airborne chemicals that are inhaled, which gives rise to the sense of olfaction or smell. (psychologic.science)
The olfactory sensory neuron is equipped with a rapid negative feedback mechanism upon depolarization. (psychologic.science)
Each OSN singly expresses only one type of olfactory receptor, which is a phenomenon that has been called the "one neuron, one receptor" rule. (psychologic.science)
2004). Olfactory receptor neuron profiling using sandalwood odorants. (psychologic.science)
This context-dependent reversal of odorant preference is driven by cell-autonomous inversion of the response to these alcohols in the single AWC olfactory neuron pair. (plos.org)
This knob is located at the tip of the olfactory neuron and the cilia project from the knob directly into the atmosphere. (sniffngoaromapods.com)

Odorants can also be perceived by entering the nose posteriorly through the nasopharynx to reach the olfactory receptor via retronasal olfaction. (medscape.com)

The same odor can be detected by different olfactory receptors. (plantesetparfums.com)

The cilia have a length of up to 100 micrometres and with the cilia from other dendrites form a meshwork in the olfactory mucus. (wikipedia.org)
There are many cilia that project into this mucus layer from the olfactory sensory neuron's dendrites. (psychologic.science)
The cilia move back and forth to move the mucus out of the sinuses and back of the nose. (kidshealth.org)
Cilia can also be found lining the air passages, where they help move mucus out of the lungs. (kidshealth.org)
Cells in the mucous membrane produce mucus and have tiny hairlike projections (cilia). (selfhealingonline.com)
Usually, the mucus traps incoming dirt particles, which are then moved by the cilia toward the front of the nose or down the throat to be removed from the airway. (selfhealingonline.com)

The glomerular layer is the most superficial layer, consisting of mitral cell dendritic arborizations (glomeruli), olfactory nerve fibers, and periglomerular cells. (medscape.com)

Ovoid body resting on the CRIBRIFORM PLATE of the ethmoid bone where the OLFACTORY NERVE terminates. (lookformedical.com)
The cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone, separated at the midline by the crista galli, contains multiple small foramina through which the olfactory nerve fibers, or fila olfactoria, traverse. (medscape.com)
Fracture of the cribriform plate in traumatic settings can disrupt these fine fibers and lead to olfactory dysfunction. (medscape.com)

The sense of smell is mediated through stimulation of the olfactory receptor cells by volatile chemicals. (medscape.com)
The olfactory nerve conveys the sense of smell. (lookformedical.com)
Diseases of the first cranial (olfactory) nerve, which usually feature anosmia or other alterations in the sense of smell and taste. (lookformedical.com)
The amount of cilia per cell is connected to the acuteness of an animal's sense of smell. (radiopetlady.com)

Because the smell receptors are located in the upper part of the nose, normal breathing does not draw much air over them. (selfhealingonline.com)

It is a modulator of the olfactory SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION PATHWAY. (lookformedical.com)
These specialized epithelial cells give rise to the olfactory vesicles containing kinocilia, which serve as sites of stimulus transduction. (medscape.com)
The cilia provide the transduction surface for odorous stimuli. (medscape.com)

It is estimated that there are 1,000 different genes that code for olfactory receptors. (psychologic.science)
Mutations in ciliary genes, which impair the function and presence of motile cilia, can lead to various human pathologies, known as ciliopathies. (ntnu.no)

This area (only a few centimeters wide) contains more than 100 million olfactory receptor cells. (medscape.com)

Where all the ends of the sensory receptors for the sense of smel located? (answers.com)
of all the sensory receptors in the body 70% are in the eyes. (nurseslabs.com)

Touch or somatosensory, also called tactition or mechanoreception, is a perception resulting from activation of neural receptors, generally in the skin including hair follicles, but also in the tongue, throat, and mucosa. (nurseslabs.com)

But instead of a nose, fish have olfactory receptors located in pits on top of their heads. (wildaboututah.org)
Further back in your nose are even smaller hairs called cilia (say: SILL-ee-uh) that you can see only with a microscope. (kidshealth.org)
These receptors are very small - there are about 10 million of them in your nose! (kidshealth.org)
A comparison of the cilia in a dog vs. that in the human nose shows that people have six to eight cilia per cell, while dogs have 100 to 150. (radiopetlady.com)

Rodents primarily use olfactory cues to guide their behaviors, e.g., locating food, communicating with conspecifics, and avoiding danger. (upenn.edu)
A particularly critical task of the olfactory system is to discriminate among related chemical cues. (plos.org)

In insects olfactory receptors are located on the antennae and other chemo sensory organs. (answers.com)

In a multicellular organism, cilia or flagella can also extend out from stationary cells that are held in place as part of a tail goes into a layer of tissue. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
Mitral cells innervate the following brain areas: the medial amygdala, anterior olfactory nucleus, entorhinal cortex, olfactory tubercle, and piriform cortex. (psychologic.science)
You should also be able to name the important cells of the taste and olfactory epithelia. (medcell.org)
Traversing an extraordinarily thin membrane, the cilia of the hair cells are embedded in the tectorial membrane, whose free end is located above the cells. (cloudaccess.net)
The cone-shaped sensilla in the scape organ as well as nearby peg-shaped sensilla are composed of three biciliated receptor cells and three sheath cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Receptor cell type 1 (two cells in cone-shaped sensilla, one cell in peg-shaped sensilla) possesses two long dendritic outer segments that project to the terminal pore. (biomedcentral.com)
The nearly identical configuration of receptor cells 1 with their long dendritic outer segments in both sensilla is similar to hexapod hygroreceptors. (biomedcentral.com)
Basal cells are stem cells that give rise to the olfactory receptor cells (seen in the image below). (medscape.com)
Supporting cells are scattered among the receptor cells and have numerous microvilli and secretory granules, which empty their contents onto the mucosal surface. (medscape.com)
Because olfactory sensory perception and the maintenance of action potential (AP) firing frequency by mitral cells of the OB is highly energy demanding and Kv1.3 is also expressed in mitochondria, we next explored the structure of this organelle in mitral cells. (fsu.edu)
respiratory and olfactory epithelial cells use endosomal and cell surface pathways, and cell surface pathways require activation by cell surface proteases (e.g. (cdc.gov)
A hypothetical correlate is that olfactory dysfunction might be a proxy for general risk for infection of lung cells at the population level. (cdc.gov)
These cells are special nerve cells that have cilia. (selfhealingonline.com)
It is made up of three different kinds of cells, one of which is the sensory receptor. (radiopetlady.com)
There are tiny, hair-like "cilia" on those cells that pick up the chemicals that make up a smell. (radiopetlady.com)

In neonates, this area is a dense neural sheet, but, in children and adults, the respiratory and olfactory tissues interdigitate. (medscape.com)
Cilia primarily use a waving action to move substances across the cell, such as the ciliary esculator found in the respiratory tract. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
Mutations associated with Omicron caused it to be TMPRSS2-resistant ( 8 ) and display enhanced replication in the upper respiratory tract, consistent with less severe lung disease, lower mortality rates ( 9 ), and less frequent self-reported olfactory dysfunction ( 10 ). (cdc.gov)

Each receptor can bind to a variety of odorants with differing affinities. (psychologic.science)

and the associated olfactory glands. (lookformedical.com)

According to research by the National Institutes of Health, published in the "Genome Research" journal, honey bees have 170 odor receptors, or chemoreceptors, in their antennae. (perfumotherapy.com)
Once the scent is detected on the antennae, the bee's hyper-sensitive olfactory path processes the information, enabling the bee to determine the relevance of the scent to her search for pollen. (perfumotherapy.com)

Set of nerve fibers conducting impulses from olfactory receptors to the cerebral cortex. (lookformedical.com)

To approach this critical issue, antibodies were generated against two peptides, one derived from olfactory receptor mOR256-17, one derived from the "mOR37" subfamily. (jneurosci.org)

Then the guanine nucleotide-binding protein (G-protein) coupled receptors are activated and electrical signals are generated. (frontiersin.org)
Activated olfactory receptors then activate intracellular G protein, guanine nucleotide-binding protein (GNAL), adenylate cyclase, and the production of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). (psychologic.science)

Olfactory stimuli disperse the action potential of an axon. (writingestate.com)

Research has shown that an odor can stimulate several different kinds of receptors. (kidshealth.org)

Each olfactory receptor does not seem to detect a single odour. (embl.de)

These results portray a case of unusually high genetic diversity, and suggest that individual humans have a highly personalized inventory of functional olfactory receptors, a conclusion that might apply to other receptor multigene families. (biomedcentral.com)
Zebrafish is a unique model organism to study the role of cilia in human diseases and vertebrate development, due to their high amenability to genetic engineering techniques and the genetic and developmental similarities between humans and zebrafish. (ntnu.no)

The impulse travels along these cranial nerves to the brain, which interprets the combination of impulses from the different types of taste receptors as a distinct taste. (msdmanuals.com)

Unlike the sense of touch and sight, smell transmits olfactory information directly to our subconscious. (plantesetparfums.com)

The dendrites extend to the olfactory epithelial surface and each ends in a dendritic knob from which around 20 to 35 cilia protrude. (wikipedia.org)
Receptor cell type 2 (one cell in both sensilla) possesses two shorter dendritic outer segments connected to the first (proximal) sheath cell that establishes a scolopale-like structure, documented for the first time in detail in a myriapod sensillum. (biomedcentral.com)
The interconnection of receptor cell 2 with short outer dendritic segments to a scolopale-like structure potentially suits both sensilla for vibration or strain detection. (biomedcentral.com)

Odorants diffuse into the mucous and are transported to the olfactory receptor. (medscape.com)

Perception of these chemical signals may be olfactory or by contact. (lookformedical.com)
this combination of excitatory signals from different receptors makes up what we perceive as the molecule's smell. (nurseslabs.com)

Oceanic Amber is a new experimental Scientific Aroma Therapy scent that delivers a memorable olfactory aromatic experience. (scientificaromatherapy.co.uk)

A taste bud contains several types of taste receptors with cilia. (msdmanuals.com)
Sensory information about the food's smell, taste, texture, and temperature from the smell and taste receptors is processed by the brain to produce a distinct flavor when food enters the mouth and is chewed. (msdmanuals.com)

Responsiveness of G protein-coupled odorant receptors is partially attributed to the activation mechanism. (upenn.edu)
AP) activity structure, TLS is mismatched by the DNA mechanism transcription receptor( POLZ). (erik-mill.de)

These bulbs form the cranial nerves of smell (olfactory nerves). (msdmanuals.com)
The impulse travels through the olfactory bulbs, along the olfactory nerves, to the brain. (msdmanuals.com)
Food placed in the mouth stimulates the cilia, triggering a nerve impulse in nearby nerve fibers, which are connected to the cranial nerves of taste (the facial and glossopharyngeal nerves). (msdmanuals.com)

It may result in various olfactory dysfunction including a complete loss of smell. (lookformedical.com)
SARS-CoV-2-induced olfactory dysfunction has been studied at the cellular level and in human trials ( 7 ). (cdc.gov)

A novel multigene family may encode odorant receptors: a molecular basis for odor recognition. (wikipedia.org)

The olfactory system is closely connected with other brain regions that are involved in cognition and emotion, which may underlie strong associations between smell deficits and neuropsychiatric disorders. (upenn.edu)
The resultant vapour impacts on our aroma receptors and creates a signal that is transmitted to the brain where that signal is interpreted. (livingwines.com.au)
This information is processed at higher levels of the olfactory system and in the brain giving rise to the perception of smell. (sniffngoaromapods.com)
The brain interprets the combination of receptors to recognize any one of about 10,000 different smells. (kidshealth.org)

The term undulipodium is used for an intracellular projection of a eukaryote cell with a microtuble array and includes both flagella and cilia. (newworldencyclopedia.org)

Potentially, this mutant will ultimately allow us to understand the function of motile cilia in the olfactory pit and identify whether they are important for olfactory responses. (ntnu.no)

Olfactory perception is known to be highly flexible and is related to the age, gender, cultural background of the perceiver, the environment in which the odor is perceived or the characteristics of the odorant itself like its chemical composition or its concentration. (frontiersin.org)

The surface of the cilia is covered with olfactory receptors, a type of G protein-coupled receptor. (wikipedia.org)
Conserved residues control activation of mammalian G Protein-coupled odorant receptors. (upenn.edu)
These olfactory receptors are a type of G protein-coupled receptor, which means the receptors are inherently metabotropic. (psychologic.science)
[1] The surface of these cilia is covered with olfactory receptors, a kind of protein . (wikipedia.org)
Through cell-based measurements of activity, we showed that some mutants were further activated and inactivated by G protein-coupled receptors. (bvsalud.org)
Recent studies have shown that G protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) show selective and promiscuous coupling to different Gα protein subfamilies and yet the mechanisms of the range of coupling preferences remain unclear. (bvsalud.org)
Olfactory receptors (ORs) belong to class A G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) and are activated by a variety of odorants. (bvsalud.org)
To design mutants that enhance expression and thereby enable protein purification, we first identified computable physical properties that recapitulate OR and class A GPCR expression and further conducted an iterative computational prediction-experimental test cycle and generated human OR mutants that express as high as biogenic amine receptors for which structures have been solved. (bvsalud.org)
One olfactory receptor protein in rats, for example, induces a higher reaction within the recipient cell when dealing with alcohol called octanol (eight carbon atoms) than with alcohol known as heptanol (seven carbon atoms). (writingestate.com)
Moving one amino acid, supposed to contribute to the shape of a pocket from the valine to the isoleucine in the fifth transmembrane region, changes the receptor protein in a way that produces the greatest effect instead of octanol. (writingestate.com)
Gene-targeted deletion of the potassium channel Kv1.3 (Kv1.3(-/-)) results in "Super-smeller" mice with a sensory phenotype that includes an increased olfactory ability linked to changes in olfactory circuitry, increased abundance of olfactory cilia, and increased expression of odorant receptors and the G-protein, G(olf). (fsu.edu)
The archived repair recessive, inactivates the highest terminal of homocysteine cilium placenta throughout the tissue-localized protein. (erik-mill.de)

Anatomy43

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Psychiatry and Psychology7

Phenomena and Processes43

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