Chronic toxicity of toxicants. Medical search. Frequent questions

Obtuse toxicity is in contrast to acute toxicity, which occurs over a shorter period of time to higher concentrations. (wikipedia.org)
Criteria maximum concentrations (CMCs) are obtained from acute toxicity tests, whereas criteria continuous concentrations (CCCs) are obtained from Obtuse toxicity tests. (wikipedia.org)
Description of Work At two of Wisconsin's Areas of Concern (AOCs) on Lake Michigan, the Sheboygan River AOC and Milwaukee Estuary AOC, the USGS will assess whether sediment toxicity from PCBs, PAHs, selected metals, ammonia, or dissolved oxygen is present at acutely toxic or chronically toxic concentrations using sediment toxicity tests conducted with amphipods and midges. (sciencebase.gov)
While there remain legitimate concerns about the relation between smoking machine "yield" and actual human uptake in absolute terms, the relative concentrations of toxicants within a set of tobacco products can still be compared. (bmj.com)
Small amounts can dissolve in other liquids, but in such small concentrations that acute toxicity is unlikely. (cdc.gov)
Lower concentrations of effluent (# 10%) gave greater variability of responses and toxicity than higher concentrations, with a 43 day LC₅₀ of 3.9% effluent. (ru.ac.za)
For the population growth experiments, seven toxicant concentrations were used ranging from 0.16 to 10.0 mg L(-1) and four food densities (0.75, 1.5, 3.0, and 6.0x10(6) cells ml(-1)), each with four replicates and thus in all, 128 test jars. (unboundmedicine.com)
Acute toxicity testing involved exposing 10 fish per tank for each effluent at the different concentrations for 96 hours. (wjpr.net)
Acute (LC50) and sub-acute toxicity tests were conducted by exposing a different set of fish to different effluent concentrations of each sample for 28 days. (wjpr.net)

Obtuse toxicity, the development of adverse effects as a result of long term exposure to a contaminant or other stressor, is an important aspect of aquatic toxicology. (wikipedia.org)
In addition to acute tests, a fathead minnow embyro-larval exposure was conducted with silver nitrate to estimate chronic toxicity. (epa.gov)
1 However, despite the public health significance of these toxicant exposures, comparatively little effort has been spent to assess and quantify the health risks associated with the individual chemicals in cigarette smoke, and almost nothing has been done in terms of product regulation to reduce human exposure to these constituents. (bmj.com)
Returning NCSA Faculty Fellow Madak-Erdogan aims to develop a machine learning approach for early prediction of mammalian toxicity of small molecules using gene expression data, specifically to identify early biomarkers of liver cancer due to liver toxicant exposure, a critical problem at the intersection of the agriculture industry and human health today. (illinois.edu)
Forbes, V. E. , Sibly, R. M. and Linke-Gamenick, I. (2003) Joint effects of population density and toxicant exposure on population dynamics of Capitella sp I. Ecological Applications, 13 (4). (reading.ac.uk)
1990. Liver structural alterations accompanying chronic toxicity in fishes: Potential biomarkers of exposure. (e-ijep.co.in)
The goal of the human health criteria for the Great Lakes System is the protection of humans from unacceptable exposure to toxicants via consumption of contaminated fish and drinking water and from ingesting water as a result of participation in water-oriented recreational activities. (cornell.edu)
Acute toxicity of a chemical refers to its ability to inflict systemic health damage as a result of a one-time exposure to a large amount of a chemical. (factstoaction.org)
Chronic toxicity of a chemical refers to its ability to inflict systemic damage as a result of repeated exposure, over a prolonged period of time, even with relatively low levels of the chemical. (factstoaction.org)
Did you know that mold exposure symptoms can imitate various chronic illnesses? (texasintegrative.com)
The toxicity of ammonia can depend on pH, temperature and ionic composition of exposure water. (waterquality.gov.au)
There are few reports of the exposure to and toxicity of 2-ME occurring in the copper clad laminate manufacturing industry. (bmj.com)
With the rapid growth of the semiconductor manufacturing industry in Asia, quantitative exposure assessment and toxicity of 2-ME have become increasingly important. (bmj.com)
The amount of lead in the blood and tissues, as well as the time course of exposure, determine toxicity. (wikipedia.org)
[19] Lead poisoning may be acute (from intense exposure of short duration) or chronic (from repeat low-level exposure over a prolonged period), but the latter is much more common. (wikipedia.org)
Physiological effects of chronic silver exposure in Daphnia magna. (upv.es)
In this review, we discuss the various factors of BNNT production that can influence its toxicity followed by summarizing the toxicity findings from in vitro and in vivo studies conducted to date, including a review of particle clearance observed with various exposure routes. (cdc.gov)
Two determinations must be made when a physician responds to a patient's concerns about a specific exposure: (1) whether any quantity of the toxicant has known adverse effects on reproduction in humans and (2) whether the substance is present in sufficient quantity to affect the patient or population exposed. (medscape.com)
Reproductive risk of toxicant exposure includes fetal effects, especially congenital anomalies. (medscape.com)

The maximum acceptable toxicant concentration (MATC) is calculated as the geometric mean of the NOEC and LOEC. (wikipedia.org)
The estimated maximum acceptable toxicant concentration for silver nitrate, based on fathead minnow survival, lies between 0.37 and 0.65 microgram/liter. (epa.gov)

Because of this, acute toxicity tests are more commonly employed, and ACRs and AFs are used to estimate Obtuse toxicity of toxicants to organisms. (wikipedia.org)
The WaterTox STD (Standard) kit is packaged to provide users with a complete setup to replace traditional vibrio fischeri acute toxicity tests (Microtox® users). (biotoxicity.com)
Limpets less than 3mm shell length were found to be immature in the development of the oocytes and spermatozoa, and were later chosen for acute toxicity tests. (ru.ac.za)

The PEC takes into account both acute and Obtuse exposures to toxicants. (wikipedia.org)
Obtuse toxicity tests can be costly and difficult, due to challenges in keeping control organisms alive, maintaining water quality, retaining constant chemical exposures, and the sheer time required for tests. (wikipedia.org)
Pulmonary toxicity and carcinogenicity following chronic dietary exposures to 4MEI is a regulatory concern based on previous rodent studies. (cdc.gov)
Toxicology is a scientific discipline, overlapping with biology, chemistry, pharmacology, and medicine, that involves the study of the adverse effects of chemical substances on living organisms and the practice of diagnosing and treating exposures to toxins and toxicants. (jjplushospitals.com)
Urinary MAA, therefore, was suggested as a proximate toxicant and as a specific and suitable biomarker of 2-ME exposures by all routes. (bmj.com)

The eighteen human health and environmental hazard endpoints include: neurotoxicity, carcinogenicity, chronic aquatic toxicity, and many more. (elixirenvironmental.com)

Results of aquatic Obtuse toxicity tests can be used to determine water quality guidelines and regulations for protection of aquatic organisms. (wikipedia.org)
Obtuse toxicity tests are performed to determine the long term toxicity potential of toxicants or other stressors, commonly to aquatic organisms. (wikipedia.org)
The predicted no effects concentration (PNEC) is calculated from toxicity tests to determine the concentration that is not thought to cause adverse effects to aquatic organisms. (wikipedia.org)
Toxicity of Selected Priority Pollutants to Various Aquatic Organisms. (epa.gov)
and an extensive body of literature on chronic toxicity of aquatic organisms to cyanides, including 13 species (eight freshwater and five marine species) from five major taxonomic groups. (europa.eu)
Future research should focus on understanding the fate and behavior of steviol glycosides in marine systems, including their degradation, bioaccumulation potential, and toxicity to various marine organisms. (juniperpublishers.com)
Acute tests measure how well organisms survive, while chronic tests measure survival and sub-lethal effects, such as a sample's effect on organism growth, reproduction, or fecundity ( WET test methods ). (toxicitylab.com)
Toxicants are synthetic (i.e., manufactured) or naturally found chemicals that are not produced by organisms as a result of cellular metabolism (e.g., nerve agents or arsenic). (cdc.gov)
A high level of toxicity was observed, with slight differences between organisms. (who.int)

Using potassium dichromate (as a reference toxicant) and a textile whole effluent, the suitability of B. stenochorias was assessed under both acute and chronic toxicity conditions in the laboratory. (ru.ac.za)
No reference toxicant (positive control) to show that the dose- response for the endpoints is robust. (eurocosmetics-mag.com)

Laboratory toxicity tests and chemical analyses are in progress, including sediment toxicity testing. (sciencebase.gov)

Our preliminary findings suggest that nutrition and dietary habits can markedly influence mechanisms of toxicity of the above-mentioned Superfund chemicals. (uky.edu)
The material from each step isscreened using acellular and in vitro assays for evaluating general toxicity, mechanisms of toxicity, and macrophage function. (cdc.gov)

For the protection of the ecological Reserve in South Africa, the proposed introduction of compulsory toxicity testing in the licensing of effluent discharges necessitates the development of whole effluent toxicity testing. (ru.ac.za)
The chronic toxicity effects of the textile whole effluent were assessed over the entire life cycle of B. stenochorias, based on survival, growth and reproductive effects. (ru.ac.za)
Marinco Bioassay Laboratory, Inc. performs whole effluent toxicity testing (environmental toxicology) on industrial and municipal wastewater (effluent) discharges that are regulated by NPDES permits . (toxicitylab.com)
Whole effluent toxicity (WET) tests were developed as a tool for evaluating the potential harmful effects of effluents discharged into surface waters. (toxicitylab.com)
What is the holding time for NPDES whole effluent toxicity samples? (toxicitylab.com)

Data on the population growth studies revealed a significant effect of both food density and toxicant concentration on the maximum abundance, day at which maximum abundance was reached, and rate of population increase per day. (unboundmedicine.com)
At any toxicant concentration, an increase in food density reduced the toxicity of methyl parathion to rotifers. (unboundmedicine.com)

A microplate toxicity bioassay to determine acute and chronic toxicity in water, effluents, and other liquids. (biotoxicity.com)
This study aimed at assessing the acute and chronic toxicity of discharged industrial effluents on fish. (wjpr.net)
Effluents were found to cause toxicity in fish and are capable of causing serious health risks to both aquatic and human lives exposed to these toxicants. (wjpr.net)

Nitrogen in its various forms is of ecological concern because of its ubiquitous distribution and toxicity to aquatic life. (sciencebase.gov)
Ammonia is a non-persistent and non-cumulative toxicant to aquatic life. (waterquality.gov.au)
Cigarette filters, which contain toxicants, can bioaccumulate in marine worms and have detrimental effects on aquatic life. (juniperpublishers.com)

Reproductive toxicants are chemical toxics that can produce health abnormalities, disease, and disabilities in developing embryos. (factstoaction.org)

Comparison of acute respiratory epithelial toxicity for 4-methylimidazole and naphthalene administered by oral gavage in B6C3F1 mice. (cdc.gov)
Mayo Clinic says formaldehyde can irritate the respiratory system, cause skin reactions, trigger heart palpations, immune system toxicity, and cancer in humans. (cleangreentoxicantfree.com)

This report represents the state-of-the-art knowledge on the toxic compounds included, and provides information useful to the scientific community to face the risks and challenges of mycotoxins and plant natural toxicants. (unicatt.it)
A toxicant is a toxic substance released in the environment. (factstoaction.org)
However, data also indicate that at lower pH, less un-ionised NH 3 is needed to produce its toxic effects because the ammonium ion is responsible for some of the toxicity. (waterquality.gov.au)
They measure an observable toxic response to the interaction of toxicants and other constituents within the sample. (toxicitylab.com)

Scientific information on mycotoxins and natural plant toxicants. (unicatt.it)
Undesirable substances such as mycotoxins and natural toxicants can be present in plants and derived products thereof. (unicatt.it)
Risk assessments on the natural plant toxicant morphine in poppy seeds and the selected mycotoxins: alternaria toxins, moniliformin, diacetoxyscirpenol, sterigmatocystin and phomopsins in food and feed, ergot alkaloids in food and nivalenol in feed have not been carried out at the European level. (unicatt.it)
To carry out these risk assessments to the highest standards and in an efficient way scientific background information e.g. chemistry, occurrence, toxicokinetics and toxicity on these selected mycotoxins and plant toxicant are needed. (unicatt.it)
The project CFP/EFSA/CONTAM/2008/01 "Scientific information on mycotoxins and natural plant toxicants" reports this information in the present report. (unicatt.it)
The report presents information regarding a plant toxicant, morphine, in poppy seeds, and some mycotoxins, in particular Alternaria toxins in food and feed, Ergot alkaloids in food, moniliformin in food and feed, nivalenol in feed, diacetoxyscirpenol in food and feed, sterigmatocystin in food and feed and phomopsins in food and feed. (unicatt.it)

Prolonging the test duration from 30 min to 24 h should track down subacute toxicities, thus leading to a greater degree of sensitivity. (scholarlypublishingcollective.org)

Toxicity testing with Vibrio fischeri: A comparison between the long term (24 h) and the short term (30 min) bioassay. (upv.es)

The application of toxicological risk assessment methods to cigarette smoke provides a plausible and objective framework for the prioritisation of carcinogens and other toxicant hazards in cigarette smoke. (bmj.com)
Carcinogens are probably the best-known toxicant because these are cancer-causing chemicals. (factstoaction.org)

Adverse effects associated with Obtuse toxicity can be directly lethal but are more commonly sublethal, including changes in growth, reproduction, or behavior. (wikipedia.org)
Certain life stages are more susceptible to adverse effects, which is why early life stage (ELS) toxicity tests are performed for certain aquatic species. (wikipedia.org)
Sub chronic toxicity studies have shown no adverse effects at dose levels supporting a significantly higher acceptable daily intake (ADI) for steviol glycosides [3]. (juniperpublishers.com)

The SSD by Hommen includes more recent guideline studies on acute aquatic toxicity. (europa.eu)
The SSD by Hommen includes more recent guideline studies on chronic aquatic toxicity. (europa.eu)

Evaluation of biological effects using rapid, simple and cost effective methods can provide information on whole sample effects and incorporate these important toxicity parameters into regulatory frameworks. (biotoxicity.com)
This study examines the combined effects of population density and a toxicant (fluoranthene) on population growth rate (pgr) and carrying capacity using the deposit-feeding polychaete Capitella sp. (reading.ac.uk)
Despite concerns that toxicant effects would be exacerbated at high density, we found the reverse to be the case, and effects of fluoranthene on population growth rate were much reduced in the region of carrying capacity. (reading.ac.uk)
There are other effects of pH on the organism's physiological and membrane processes that could alter ammonia toxicity, but these are not clearly established. (waterquality.gov.au)
In addition, the joint toxicity model cannot explain the temperature (Erickson 1985) and ionic composition effects. (waterquality.gov.au)
Chronic effects of ammonia include a reduction in hatching success, reduction in growth rate and morphological development, and pathological changes in gill, liver and kidney tissue (USEPA 1986). (waterquality.gov.au)
The only effects noted in animal toxicity studies were related to decreases in body weight gain, which have been observed with other sweetener products as a result of palatability and caloric reduction [3]. (juniperpublishers.com)
toxicity is a wider spectrum of effects, including subclinical ones (those that do not cause symptoms). (wikipedia.org)
[18] However, professionals often use "lead poisoning" and "lead toxicity" interchangeably, and official sources do not always restrict the use of "lead poisoning" to refer only to symptomatic effects of lead. (wikipedia.org)

The sensitivity of the assay combined with its ease of use make it an essential research tool that can be used qualitatively for field measurements and quantitatively in the laboratory to compare relative toxicity between samples. (biotoxicity.com)
In support of the toxicity studies, aspects of the biology of B. stenochorias were investigated under both natural and laboratory conditions. (ru.ac.za)

In addition, other physical factors, like organism size, can lead to differences in response to toxicants. (wikipedia.org)
What are the differences between acute WET tests and chronic WET tests? (toxicitylab.com)
The toxicity of boron nitride nanotubes (BNNTs) has been the subject of conflicting reports, likely due to differences in the residuals and impurities that can make up to 30-60% of the material produced based on the manufacturing processes and purification employed. (cdc.gov)
These differences can alter the toxicity profile. (cdc.gov)

When human illness results from an unintentional or intentional release of a toxin (chemicals produced by metabolism in an organism [e.g., ricin]) or a toxicant (natural or synthetic chemicals not metabolically produced by an organism [e.g., nerve agents]) into the environment, uniform reporting is necessary to direct appropriate resources, assess the extent of morbidity and mortality, track poisoned persons, and monitor response to intervention. (cdc.gov)
1500 mg/kg per day for 90 days did not harmful to the environment than synthetic produce any signs of toxicity, mortality, insecticides, new evidence indicates that changes in tissue weight, pathology or se- these products may pose a risk to certain rum and blood parameters [ 8 ]. (who.int)

Fish gill structural changes induced by toxicants and other irritants: A statistical review. (e-ijep.co.in)

Further, the lack of toxicology data on cardiovascular end points for specific chemicals makes the use of this framework less useful for cardiovascular toxicity. (bmj.com)

The physico-chemical hazards and toxicity result from the activity of this common proximal toxicant, HCN. (europa.eu)

Determination of aquatic PNEC values requires toxicity test results from freshwater fish (e.g. (wikipedia.org)
The current research looks at the acute toxicity of fungicides, like carbendazim and mancozeb on the freshwater fish Labeo rohita . (e-ijep.co.in)

2,3 Additional factors detrimental to EF not commonly considered in conventional medicine but frequently addressed in integrative practice settings include heavy metal toxicity, organic toxicants, chronic infections, inflammatory foods, intestinal dysbiosis, and chronic stress, all of which appear to negatively affect EF. (naturalmedicinejournal.com)
have described a spectrum of presumably related chronic inflammatory conditions of the upper and lower airway, as well as other diseases. (cdc.gov)

Various toxicity tests can be performed to assess the Obtuse toxicity of different contaminants, and usually last at least 10% of an organism's lifespan. (wikipedia.org)

Pharmacokinetic aspects (absorption, distribution and excretion, metabolism and carry-over), as well as toxicity (acute and chronic), are also discussed, based on available information in animals and in humans. (unicatt.it)

Support for this category approach is provided in examination of acute and chronic toxicity by oral, dermal, ocular and intraperitoneal administration of various forms of cyanide and in aquatic and terrestrial compartments of the environment, which provide consistent and comparable values when expressed as mmol/kg bw. (europa.eu)
An expected accumulation of toxicants in the sediments was checked by additional examination of surface water at respective sampling sites, applying bioassays as well as chemical analysis methods. (scholarlypublishingcollective.org)

Both colorimetric changes and luminescence inhibition are available to quantify toxicity in samples originating from mine tailings or industrial waste effluent. (biotoxicity.com)

All biomedical projects will focus on chronic diseases associated with vascular dysfunction, such as cardiovascular disease, cancer metastasis, and obesity-related abdominal aortic aneurysms, and will utilize a similar dietary fat regiment to study nutrient/toxicant interactions. (uky.edu)

AFs can be used when Obtuse toxicity data is not known for a specific species. (wikipedia.org)
The report uses a methodology for species sensitivity distribution consistent with EU guidance (Technical Guidance Document for Deriving Environmental Quality Standards), from which an acute HC5 and a chronic HC5 were derived. (europa.eu)
The species sensitivity distribution (SSD) for acute aquatic toxicity developed by Hommen (2011) is similar to the SSD derived by the ECETOC Joint Assessment of Commodity Chemicals (2007). (europa.eu)
The chronic HC5 value of 2.0 ug/L value served as the point of departure for the derivation of the chronic PNECaquatic for both freshwater and saltwater species. (europa.eu)
The chronic HC5 reported by Hommen for all aquatic species (2.0 ug/L) is higher than the chronic toxicity HC5 of 1.1 ug/L for all aquatic species as estimated by ECETOC (2007). (europa.eu)

Water quality guidelines are determined based on the results of both acute and Obtuse toxicity tests. (wikipedia.org)
Toxicity tests were conducted with selected compounds listed by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) as priority pollutants. (epa.gov)
Aquatic toxicity tests offer a more direct measure. (toxicitylab.com)
WET tests are a method of biomonitoring wastewater toxicity. (toxicitylab.com)
Short-term chronic tests run for about seven (7) days. (toxicitylab.com)

The characterization of the released toxicants at the WTC site was deficient, particularly so for its volatile components. (cdc.gov)

There are many factors that can increase or decrease the toxicity of toxicants or stressors, making interpretation of test results difficult. (wikipedia.org)
Toxicity can be caused by chemical, physical, or biological factors or a combination thereof. (toxicitylab.com)

The symptoms can also be mistaken for environmental illnesses, like chronic persistent Lyme disease and other persisting infections. (texasintegrative.com)

The toxicity of ammonia is primarily attributed to the un-ionised NH 3 . (waterquality.gov.au)
However, ammonium ion can also contribute significantly to ammonia toxicity under certain conditions. (waterquality.gov.au)
In general, more un-ionised ammonia exists at higher pH and hence overall toxicity is greater, although the toxicity of the un-ionised form is less at higher pH. (waterquality.gov.au)
Overall, the effect of pH on toxicity of ammonia is largely explained by a combined toxicity of the un-ionised ammonia and ammonium ion, with un-ionised ammonia contributing mostly to toxicity at high pH and ammonium ion being more important at lower pH. (waterquality.gov.au)
The effect of temperature on ammonia toxicity is not fully understood, although temperature in conjunction with pH, indirectly affect the speciation of ammonia in solution which in turn is the basis for the joint toxicity model for ammonia toxicity. (waterquality.gov.au)
The effect of ionic composition to ammonia toxicity is even much less understood even with recent data available (e.g. (waterquality.gov.au)
There have been many reviews of ammonia toxicity (e.g. (waterquality.gov.au)
Chlorine, a chemical used for disinfection, and ammonia, a by-product of waste, are common causes of toxicity. (toxicitylab.com)

Diagnosing and treating mold toxicity is challenging, and conventional physicians may not be equipped to detect or address mold illness or black mold symptoms. (texasintegrative.com)
It is vital to note that patients with mold illness or an allergy to mold may also have other environmental toxicants to contend with. (texasintegrative.com)
In this report, CDC presents case definitions to facilitate uniform reporting of illness resulting from a chemical (i.e., toxin and toxicant) release. (cdc.gov)

Exploring Mechanistic Toxicity of Mixtures Using PBPK Modeling and Computational Systems Biology. (cdc.gov)
This proposed methodology lends mechanistic insights of the toxicity of mixtures and when experimentally validated will allow data gaps filling for mixtures' toxicity assessment. (cdc.gov)

Studies should also consider the impact of these sweeteners under different environmental conditions, such as varying temperatures, salinities, and pH levels, which could influence their degradation and toxicity. (juniperpublishers.com)

The kit provides a clear, completely objective measurement of the toxicity of the sample by a simple visual qualitative evaluation of the colour obtained, or quantitatively by spectrophotometry using a micro-plate reader. (biotoxicity.com)

This includes pH, salinity, water hardness, conductivity, temperature, and amounts of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) For instance, the toxicity of copper is decreased with increasing amounts of DOC, as described by the biotic ligand model (BLM). (wikipedia.org)

These findings suggest quantitative considerations for building scientific confidence in NAM-based systemic toxicity predictions. (nih.gov)

4MEI and vehicle controls caused slight cytotoxicity with rare vacuolization of the epithelium relative to the severe bronchiolar epithelial cell toxicity found in the naphthalene exposed mice at terminal bronchioles, intrapulmonary airways, or airway bifurcations. (cdc.gov)
In summary, 4MEI caused minimal airway epithelial toxicity without characteristic Club Cell toxicity when compared to naphthalene, a canonical Club Cell toxicant. (cdc.gov)
Those diseases have been characterized as irritant-induced asthma, chronic nonspecific bronchitis, chronic bronchiolitis/small airway disease, and aggravated preexistent chronic obstructive lung disease (most frequently chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, but also asthma), with the expected overlapping features among them. (cdc.gov)

Toxicity of environmental samples is an important aspect of pollution monitoring and risk assessment. (biotoxicity.com)
These can include environmental toxicants, poor diet or lack of sleep. (pregrocer.com)

Toxicity of a chemical refers to its ability to damage an organ system, disrupt a biochemical process, or disturb an enzyme system. (factstoaction.org)
Thus, a major objective of our SBRP is to explore the paradigm that nutrition can modify Superfund chemical toxicity. (uky.edu)
Using publicly available data we propose a conceptual framework to study pathway perturbations leading to toxicity of chemical mixtures. (cdc.gov)

This study examined acute pulmonary toxicity in B6C3F1 mice from 6 h to 5 days after oral gavage with a single dose of 150 mg/kg 4MEI, a double dose delivered 6 h apart, or vehicle controls. (cdc.gov)

Anatomy2

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Phenomena and Processes8

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Acute toxicity tests3

Exposures5

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Whole effluent5

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Effluents3

Aquatic life3

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