AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesTechnology, Industry, AgricultureInformation ScienceNamed GroupsHealth CareGeographicals
Hepatitis B Surface AntigensHepatitis BHepatitis B virusHepatitis B AntibodiesChronic DiseaseHepatitis B, ChronicHepatitis B VaccinesHepatitis B e AntigensHepatitis B AntigensHepatitis B Core AntigensCarrier StatePseudomonas InfectionsHepatitis CPseudomonas aeruginosaCD8-Positive T-LymphocytesHepacivirusAcute DiseaseDNA, ViralCystic FibrosisHepatitis C, ChronicToxoplasmaLymphocytic choriomeningitis virusTrichuriasisSeroepidemiologic StudiesLymphocytic ChoriomeningitisHepatitis C AntibodiesImmune EvasionViral LoadChlamydophila pneumoniaeViral Hepatitis VaccinesMice, Inbred C57BLInfectionCarcinoma, HepatocellularToxoplasmosis, AnimalMice, Inbred BALB CBiofilmsAntiviral AgentsToxoplasmosisHIV InfectionsLiver NeoplasmsProgrammed Cell Death 1 ReceptorBlood DonorsVirus ReplicationCD4-Positive T-LymphocytesMolecular Sequence DataTrichurisHepatitis, ChronicInterferon-gammaViremiaGammaherpesvirinaeHepatitis DAntibodies, ViralImmunoglobulin GDisease Models, AnimalAchromobacter denitrificansRNA, ViralHIV-1Liver CirrhosisEnzyme-Linked Immunosorbent AssayVirulenceChlamydophila InfectionsArenaviridae InfectionsGenotypeMarmotaLiverBacterial ProteinsPrevalenceHepatitis, Viral, HumanQuorum SensingInterferon-alphaHost-Pathogen InteractionsMutationLamivudineLymphocyte ActivationHepatitis, Viral, AnimalImmunity, CellularImmunologic MemoryT-LymphocytesBurkholderia InfectionsVirulence FactorsTime FactorsSpleenBurkholderia cenocepaciaAlanine TransaminaseVirus DiseasesAntigens, CD274TrypanosomiasisVaccinationVirus ActivationSimian Acquired Immunodeficiency SyndromeBrucella abortusPolymerase Chain ReactionPregnancy Complications, InfectiousHepatitis C AntigensBrucellosisInfectious Disease Transmission, VerticalHepatitis AntibodiesAntibodies, BacterialHerpesviridae InfectionsPhylogeny
Surface antigenAntigenSeroconversionContacts of HBsAg-positiveSeroprevalenceVaccinationLiver diseaseAntibodiesHepatocellularPersistence of HBsAgVaccineSerumPerinatalPositivitySerologicHBeAgViral hepatitisMothersAsymptomatic infectionPreventionCirrhosis of thMarkersDetectionAdultsDiagnosisEndemicPositiveNegative0.738ReplicationClinicalAcute or chronicQuantitativeMarkerPatientsVirionsLead to chronicELISATreatment for chronicSymptomsCases of acuteSexually transmitteOccurPregnantImmuneExposureRoutinePregnancy
Surface antigen23
  • These components are the Haemophilus influenzae type b capsular polysaccharide [polyribosylribitol phosphate (PRP)] that is covalently bound to an outer membrane protein complex (OMPC) of Neisseria meningitidis and hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) from recombinant yeast cultures. (theodora.com)
  • In animal trials, reported in the May 2013 journal Molecular Therapy, RNA interference (RNAi) treatment reduced hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) levels to undetectable within 24 hours in mice and the antigen remained undetectable for nearly a month. (hepb.org)
  • Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), derived from the viral envelope, is the first antigen to appear following infection and can be detected serologically as an aid in the laboratory diagnosis of acute HBV infection. (cdc.gov)
  • Hepatitis B core antibody (anti-HBc) is detectable shortly after the appearance of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). (cdc.gov)
  • In these investigations, a case of acute HBV infection was defined as seroconversion from hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-negative to HBsAg-positive in a hemodialysis patient during the exposure period defined in each investigation. (cdc.gov)
  • The outer envelope surface antigen of the Hepatitis B virus is HBsAg. (rapidtest.com)
  • Cut-off value are considered negative, which indicates that no hepatitis B virus surface antigen has been detected with this HBsAg ELISA, therefore the patient is probably not infected with hepatitis B virus. (rapidtest.com)
  • Here we report a strategy for genetic transformation of lettuce plants (Lactuca sativa L.) using the surface antigen HBsAg of hepatitis B virus. (scielo.br)
  • The laboratory diagnosis focuses on the detection of the hepatitis B surface antigen HBsAg. (apollohospitals.com)
  • The surface antigen, HBsAg is a good marker in the estimation of the number of hepatitis B virus (HBV) carriers among a population because its presence shows either an acute viral hepatitis B or a chronic carriage state of the HBV [ 1 - 3 ]. (omicsonline.org)
  • 11 patients who were not tested for HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) were excluded. (scirp.org)
  • All hospitals should ensure that newborn infants of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-positive mothers and of mothers whose HBsAg status is unknown receive their first dose of hepatitis B vaccine within 12 hours of birth. (immunize.org)
  • Adults at risk by sexual exposure (sex partners of hepatitis B surface antigen [HBsAg]-positive persons, sexually active persons who are not in a mutually monogamous relationship, persons seeking evaluation or treatment for a sexually transmitted infection, and men who have sex with men). (medscape.com)
  • This test detects a protein on the surface of the virus called hepatitis B surface antigen (HbsAg). (ndtv.com)
  • Serum samples from all study subjects were tested for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and antibodies to HCV (anti-HCVs) by enzyme immunoassays, as well as HCV RNA by reverse transcription-PCR assays. (aacrjournals.org)
  • Routine screening of donor blood for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) has nearly eliminated the previously common posttransfusion transmission, but transmission through needles shared by drug users remains common. (msdmanuals.com)
  • A nationwide serosurvey among adults in 2015 showed 2.9% prevalence for hepatitis B virus (HBV) surface antigen (HBsAg) and 25.9% for antibodies against HBV core antigen (anti-HBc). (cdc.gov)
  • This study aimed to describe the pattern of quantitative hepatitis B surface antigen and DNA quantification among patients with e negative chronic hepatitis B. (jscimedcentral.com)
  • The aim of this study was to describe the pattern of Hepatitis B surface antigen and DNA quantification among patients with e negative chronic hepatitis B virus infection attending two hospitals in south west Nigeria and determine if any, correlation between the two. (jscimedcentral.com)
  • Antiviral treatment of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-positive pregnant women and immunoprophylaxis with HBV vaccine and hepatitis B immune globulin are the most effective strategies to interfere with MTCT of HBV. (xiahepublishing.com)
  • Unlike HBV infection with adult onset, children with HBV infection since birth have a small possibility of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) seroconversion occurring spontaneously or even after treatment. (xiahepublishing.com)
  • For example, a hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) level of less than 1 s/c is considered negative, while a level more than 5 s/c is considered positive. (medscape.com)
  • HBV) DNA loss with d detection of antibodies against HBeAg) or - until Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) seroconversion or - until loss of efficacy (see section 4.4). (who.int)
Antigen11
  • The antigen is harvested and purified from fermentation cultures of a recombinant strain of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae containing the gene for the adw subtype of HBsAg. (theodora.com)
  • If a patient has risk factors for hepatitis, she should be tested for HBs antigen (HBsAg) at the start of pregnancy. (thieme-connect.de)
  • If a patient has no risk factors, an HBs antigen (HBsAg) test should be carried out from the 32nd week of gestation (GW). (thieme-connect.de)
  • A susceptible patient was defined as a hemodialysis patient who was negative for HBsAg, antibody to HBsAg (anti-HBs), and antibody to hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc). (cdc.gov)
  • HBsAg was the first viral antigen chosen to be produced in transgenic plants, firstly in tobacco [3] and subsequently in lupin callus and lettuce adapted to colder climates [4]. (scielo.br)
  • Thus, striking improvements in recombinant antigen were achieved by alternative polyadenylation signals and fusion proteins containing targeting signals designed to enhance integration or retention of HBsAg in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of plant cells [6]. (scielo.br)
  • Acute HBV infection is accompanied by the presence of HBsAg and immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibody to the core antigen, HBcAg. (apollohospitals.com)
  • During the initial phase of infection, patients are also seropositive for hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg). (apollohospitals.com)
  • Therefore, HBsAg quantification (qHBsAg), HB corerelated antigen (HBcrAg) and HBV RNA among others, have been suggested as additional markers that could predict more precisely, patients with active infection who are likely to have long term complications [12]. (jscimedcentral.com)
  • Peginterferon alfa-2a is indicated for adults with hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-positive and HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B disease with compensated liver disease and evidence of viral replication and liver inflammation. (medscape.com)
  • Presence of the antigen longer than 6 months after initial exposure indicates chronic infection. (medscape.com)
Seroconversion2
  • At the NIH workshop in April, there was intense debate on the question of whether the eradication of HBV cccDNA should be viewed as a criterion for a cure of chronic hepatitis B. In general, it is accepted that the disappearance of HBsAg and its seroconversion to HBsAb in the blood of hepatitis B patients are considered as markers of a 'functional' cure. (plos.org)
  • Seroconversion can occur as early as 2 weeks in acute infection or may take years in chronic infection. (medscape.com)
Contacts of HBsAg-positive1
  • Household and sexual contacts of HBsAg-positive women receive pre-vaccination testing, HBIG (if necessary), and hepatitis B vaccine at recommended intervals. (floridahealth.gov)
Seroprevalence2
  • In 2021, HBsAg prevalence among children was well below the 0.5% hepatitis B control target of the European Region and met the0.1% HBsAg seroprevalence target for elimination of mother-to-child transmission of HBV. (cdc.gov)
  • Ott JJ, Stevens GA, Groeger J, Wiersma ST. Global epidemiology of hepatitis B virus infection: New estimates of age-specific HBsAg seroprevalence and endemicity. (who.int)
Vaccination11
Liver disease12
  • Symptoms of HBV infection can range from mild to severe, including chronic liver disease (cirrhosis and carcinoma). (rapidtest.com)
  • Persistence of HBsAg is the principal marker of risk for developing of chronic liver disease and liver cancer (hepatocellular carcinoma) later in life. (apollohospitals.com)
  • Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a serious health problem in the U.S. Transmission of HBV from mother to infant during the perinatal period confers the greatest risk of chronic infection or death from HBV-related chronic liver disease. (floridahealth.gov)
  • Adults with chronic liver disease, including but not limited to hepatitis C virus infection, cirrhosis, fatty liver disease, alcoholic liver disease, autoimmune hepatitis, and an alanine aminotransferase (ALT) or aspartate aminotransferase (AST) level greater than twice the upper limit of normal. (medscape.com)
  • Hepatitis B is a viral infection caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV) which leads to acute and chronic liver disease. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Chronic liver disease can lead to cirrhosis and associated life-threatening complications such as hepatocellular carcinoma [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The pool prevalence of HBV infection in Nigeria is 13.6% [2], and is the most common cause of chronic liver disease in the country [3,4]. (jscimedcentral.com)
  • Those with chronic hepatitis B virus infection have an elevated risk of developing cirrhosis with end-stage liver disease and a markedly elevated risk of hepatocellular carcinoma, independent of the presence of cirrhosis. (up.ac.za)
  • Peginterferon alfa-2a is also FDA approved for treatment of chronic hepatitis C, alone or in combination with ribavirin, in patients not previously treated with interferon alfa, and with compensated liver disease. (medscape.com)
  • 100 mIU/mL cause chronic liver disease in 30% of HBV as high responder. (who.int)
  • Persons with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection may have no evidence of liver disease or may have a spectrum of disease ranging from chronic hepatitis to cirrhosis or liver cancer. (cdc.gov)
  • HA410 trade name] is indicated for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B in adults with: · compensated liver disease and evidence of immune active disease, i.e. active viral replication, persistently elevated serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels and histological evidence of active inflammation and/or fibrosis. (who.int)
Antibodies3
  • There is practically no maternal-fetal transmission of HAV, as anti-HAV IgG antibodies present during the initial stages of HAV infection cross the placenta and provide protection to the infant after delivery, which poses a minimal risk to the fetus and newborn. (medscape.com)
  • The HBsAg ELISA Test kit employs an antibody sandwich ELISA technique where monoclonal antibodies unique to HBsAg, are pre-coated on polystyrene microwell strips. (rapidtest.com)
  • HDV IgG and HDV total antibodies persist in serum after resolution of acute HDV infection and in chronic coinfection. (clinlabnavigator.com)
Hepatocellular9
  • Due to high risk of developing acute or chronic hepatic failure and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection (CHB) remains a heavy burden and substantial challenge to global public health [ 1 - 3 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Infection with HBV results in a wide spectrum of acute and chronic liver diseases that may lead to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. (cdc.gov)
  • Although it is not the ultimate goal of the interferon treatment for chronic HBV infection, it has been suggested in adults that HBsAg clearance decreases the likelihood of development of hepatocellular carcinoma, and prolongs the survival. (turkishjournalpediatrics.org)
  • Mutual confounding and interactive effects between hepatitis C and hepatitis B viral infections in hepatocellular carcinogenesis: a population-based case-control study in Taiwan. (aacrjournals.org)
  • A population-based case-control study was conducted in Taiwan to determine the hepatitis C virus (HCV)-associated risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in a hyperendemic area for hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. (aacrjournals.org)
  • Chronic infection can lead to cirrhosis and/or hepatocellular carcinoma. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Majority of this mortality is attributable to liver cirrhosis and or hepatocellular carcinoma, which are the most important long-term complications of HBV infection [6]. (jscimedcentral.com)
  • HBV and HCV infections are also responsible for 80% of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and result in more than a million deaths each year around the world . (plos.org)
  • In 2015, the WHO estimated that more than 257 million people have chronic HBV infection and that approximately 887,000 of these people will die from cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. (xiahepublishing.com)
Persistence of HBsAg1
  • Chronic infection is accompanied by the persistence of HBsAg for at least 6 months (with or without concurrent HBeAg). (apollohospitals.com)
Vaccine13
  • An effective vaccine would elicit the immune response to the antigens and form immunological memory that allows quick recognition of the pathogens and quick response to future infections. (wikipedia.org)
  • A portion of the hepatitis B virus gene, coding for HBsAg, is cloned into yeast, and the vaccine for hepatitis B is produced from cultures of this recombinant yeast strain according to methods developed in the Merck Research Laboratories. (theodora.com)
  • Hib disease occurred primarily in children under 5 years of age, and in the United States prior to the initiation of a vaccine program was estimated to account for nearly 20,000 cases of invasive infections annually, approximately 12,000 of which were meningitis. (theodora.com)
  • Infants in groups at high risk for perinatal and early childhood HBV infections should complete the three-dose hepatitis B vaccine series by age 6 months. (immunize.org)
  • For infants born to HBsAg-negative mothers and who are not in high-risk groups, existing recommendations should be used for administering thimerosal preservative-containing hepatitis B vaccines if vaccine that does not contain thimerosal as a preservative is not available (1-4). (immunize.org)
  • Infants born to HBsAg-positive women and those of unknown status receive hepatitis B immune globulin (HBIG) and hepatitis B vaccine within 12 hours of birth, with follow-up doses of vaccine at 1 and 6 months of age. (floridahealth.gov)
  • Although hepatitis B vaccine coverage is high in infants, children, and adolescents (91.8% in infants aged 19--35 months and 91.6% in adolescents aged 13--17 years) (21,22), coverage remains lower (41.8% in 2009) for certain adult populations, including those with behavioral risks for HBV infection (e.g., men who have sex with men and persons who use injection drugs) (23). (cda.org)
  • In the US, 3322 cases of acute hepatitis B infection were reported in 2018-a decrease from the 25,000 annual cases reported before use of hepatitis B vaccine became widespread. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Chronic HBV infection remains a problem among adults born before vaccine introduction. (cdc.gov)
  • The introduction of the hepatitis B vaccine into the country some 18 years ago has demonstrated benefit, but the exposure to, and prevalence of chronic HBsAg positivity remain unacceptably high. (up.ac.za)
  • So, All patients received 2 cm3 Engerix-B immunity against HBV infection is essential vaccine (40 g) HBsAg (Herberbiovac HB, for all haemodialysis patients [ 4 - 7 ]. (who.int)
  • An HBV vaccine has contributed immensely to the successful prevention of HBV infection, which is exemplified by the remarkable decrease of HBV prevalence in China . (plos.org)
  • In countries with a low prevalence of HBV infection, HBV vaccine is administered in combination with other antigens, with the first dose given at 6 weeks of life. (xiahepublishing.com)
Serum6
  • HAV infection can be differentiated from other viral hepatitides by identifying elevated anti-HAV immunoglobulin M (IgM) in the serum. (medscape.com)
  • Diagnostic Automation Inc. offers an HBsAg ELISA kit, which is an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the qualitative detection of HBsAg in human serum or plasma. (rapidtest.com)
  • The serum or plasma sample is added together with a second antibody, the HRP Conjugate, (horseradish peroxidase) and directed against a different epitope of HBsAg. (rapidtest.com)
  • Anti-HDV IgM typically appears in serum at 2 to 3 weeks after onset of symptoms and disappears by 2 months after acute HDV infection, but it may persist up to 9 months in HDV superinfection. (clinlabnavigator.com)
  • Major international and local guidelines suggested the use of serum HBV DNA quantification and serum alanine transferase (ALT) as markers to select patients with active chronic hepatitis B infection [7-10]. (jscimedcentral.com)
  • European Association for the Study of the Liver (EASL) and Asian Pacific Association for the study of the liver (APASL) guidelines recommended HBVDNA quantification greater than or equal to 2000IU/ml and raised serum alanine transaminase as criteria for active chronic hepatitis B infection which should be treated. (jscimedcentral.com)
Perinatal2
  • In highly endemic areas, the disease usually spreads through perinatal transmission (from mother to foetus/child) or through horizontal transmission (exposure to infected blood), especially from an infected child to an uninfected child under the age of 5 and the development of chronic infection through perinatal transmission is very high. (apollohospitals.com)
  • It is estimated that up to 90% of perinatal HBV infections, 20 to 60% of infections occurring between the ages of 1 to 5 years, and 5 to 10% of infections occurring above 5 years become chronic [ 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Positivity1
  • Compared with those who were negative for both anti-HCVs and HBsAg, the matched ORs associated with the sole positivity of anti-HCVs and HBsAg were 4.0 (95% confidence interval = 0.7-24.0) and 24.6 (95% confidence interval = 9.5-64.1), respectively, whereas 6 HCC cases but none of control subjects were positive for both anti-HCVs and HBsAg. (aacrjournals.org)
Serologic4
  • The source-patient had been transferred from another center where he was known to have chronic infection, but his serologic status had not been reviewed on admission to center A. In addition, although all patients at center A were screened monthly for HBsAg, results were not reviewed routinely. (cdc.gov)
  • In serologic studies conducted in the United States during the 1970s, HCP had a prevalence of HBV infection approximately 10 times greater than the general population ( 1 ). (cdc.gov)
  • If serologic testing is positive for HBsAg, anti-HBc and IGM anti-HBc, what type of infection is present? (freezingblue.com)
  • IgM anti-HBc indicates acute infection and is the only serologic marker detectable during the "window period," when neither HbsAg nor anti-HBs is detectable. (medscape.com)
HBeAg6
  • In this study, we aimed to investigate whether quantitative HBsAg and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels correlated with Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) DNA levels in patients with HBeAg negative chronic HBV infection. (turkjgastroenterol.org)
  • With this schedule, 15 (36.6%) children showed persistent loss of HBV DNA 12 months after the cessation of the treatment, 20 (48.7%) lost HBeAg, and eight (19.5%) developed anti-HBs antibody with loss of HBsAg. (turkishjournalpediatrics.org)
  • A person with a single HBsAg positive or HBV DNA positive (including qualitative, quantitative and genotype testing) or HBeAg positive lab result and does not meet the case definition for acute hepatitis B. (cdc.gov)
  • Negative HBeAg results and HBV DNA levels below positive cutoff level do not confirm the absence of HBV infection. (cdc.gov)
  • [ 1 ] However, HbeAg testing is indicated primarily during follow-up of chronic infection rather than acute infection because of its variable level during the acute phase. (medscape.com)
  • Proposed cutoffs for consideration for antiviral therapy is 100,000 copies/mL or 20,000 IU/mL in HbeAg-positive patients with chronic hepatitis and 10,000 copies/mL or 2,000 IU/mL in HbeAg-negative patients. (medscape.com)
Viral hepatitis8
  • Clinical characterization of HEV infection is similar to that of other viral hepatitis infections, ranging from asymptomatic infection to fulminant hepatitis ( 2 ). (cdc.gov)
  • In 2012, the Secretariat issued a framework for global action to prevent and control viral hepatitis infection,1 which has since provided guidance for the hepatitis programme. (who.int)
  • 1 Prevention and control of viral hepatitis infection: framework for global action is availab le at: http://www.who.int/ hiv/pub/hepatitis/Framework/en/ (accessed 5 November 2015). (who.int)
  • Viral hepatitis is a major public health problem of global importance because of the ongoing transmission of viruses that cause the disease and increased morbidity and mortality associated with the acute and chronic consequences of these infections. (cdc.gov)
  • Chronic infection with viral hepatitis affects half a billion individuals worldwide and can lead to cirrhosis, cancer, and liver failure. (wjgnet.com)
  • Unfortunately, most people with chronic viral hepatitis are not aware of their status and do not receive appropriate treatment. (who.int)
  • In May 2016, the WHO addressed the first Global Health Sector Strategy on viral hepatitis 2016-2021 to end new CHB infections by 90% and reduce the mortality rate by 65% by 2030 ( WHO 2016 ). (sciendo.com)
  • Of the five causative agents of viral hepatitis (hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E), HBV and HCV infections pose the most serious health problems, chronically infecting about 400 million people worldwide. (plos.org)
Mothers1
  • Medical providers and delivery facilities are informed of the mothers HBsAg status. (floridahealth.gov)
Asymptomatic infection2
  • Because of the high rate of asymptomatic infection with these viruses, information about the prevalence of these diseases is needed to monitor prevention efforts. (cdc.gov)
  • In the United States, 2,890 cases of acute hepatitis B were reported to CDC in 2011, and an estimated 18,800 new cases of hepatitis B occurred after accounting for underreporting of cases and asymptomatic infection. (cdc.gov)
Prevention9
  • Implementation of these recommendations will require expertise and resources to integrate HBsAg screening in prevention and care settings serving populations recommended for HBsAg testing. (cdc.gov)
  • On April 27-28 the United States' National Institutes of Health convened an NIH Workshop on Cures for Chronic Hepatitis B . A month later, I participated in a strategic discussion on prevention of HBV infection in China (organized by Professor Jidong Jia and Professor Hui Zhuang). (plos.org)
  • HBsAg screening of all pregnant women is recommended when initiating antiviral therapy and immunoprophylaxis for MTCT prevention, except in areas with limited resources. (xiahepublishing.com)
  • HBsAg screening in all pregnant women could be an approach to initiate MTCT prevention. (xiahepublishing.com)
  • Global prevalence, treatment, and prevention of hepatitis B virus infection in 2016: a modelling study. (who.int)
  • Guidelines for the Prevention, Care and Treatment of Persons with Chronic Hepatitis B Infection. (who.int)
  • HA410 trade name] may be used for pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) as an additional prevention choice for adults and adolescents (weighing at least 35 kg) at substantial risk of HIV infection as part of combination prevention approaches. (who.int)
  • Consideration should be given to official guidelines for prevention and treatment of HIV-1 infection (e.g. issued by WHO). (who.int)
  • The recommended dose for the treatment or prevention of HIV as well as for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B is one tablet of [HA410 trade name] once daily taken orally with food or between meals. (who.int)
Cirrhosis of th3
Markers4
  • NHANES testing for markers of infection with hepatitis viruses is used to determine secular trends in infection rates across most age and racial/ethnic groups and will provide a national picture of the epidemiologic determinants of these infections. (cdc.gov)
  • Knowing the serological markers of HBsAg is an excellent method for the diagnosis and treatment of infected individuals. (rapidtest.com)
  • Weighted proportions and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated for both markers.ResultsAmong 5-17 year-olds (n=1,473), 0.03% (95%CI:0-0.19) were HBsAg-positiveand 0.7% (95%CI:0.3-1.6) were anti-HBc-positive. (cdc.gov)
  • All were negative for HBV infection markers (HBcAb, HBsAg and HBsAb). (who.int)
Detection2
  • These statements and recommendations should provide appropriate information about maternal and fetal routes of infection, screening, detection of risk factors, diagnostic procedures, treatment, birth planning and peripartum and postpartum management of maternal hepatitis infection and offer pointers for prenatal counselling and routine clinical care on delivery wards. (thieme-connect.de)
  • Detection of IgG anti-HBc indicates previous or ongoing infection. (medscape.com)
Adults5
  • Infection in adults can lead to chronic hepatitis in less than 5% of cases. (apollohospitals.com)
  • Adults with HIV infection. (medscape.com)
  • In low-endemicity areas, most HBV infections occur in adolescents and young adults primarily through sexual or percutaneous exposure [ 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • According to the Uganda Population-based HIV Impact Assessment (UPHIA) 2016-2017 national serosurvey, HBV infection prevalence among Ugandan adults was 4.3% with the northern region of the country having the highest prevalence (4.6%) and the southwest the lowest (0.8%) [ 9 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • HBV infection prevalence among children had previously not been assessed.AimWe aimed to assess HBV infection prevalence among children and update estimates for adults in Georgia.MethodsThis nationwide cross-sectional serosurvey conducted in 2021 among persons aged5 years used multi-stage stratified cluster design. (cdc.gov)
Diagnosis2
  • The HBsAg ELISA Kit is designed as an aid in screening blood donors, and an aid in the diagnosis of clinical conditions related to hepatitis B-infected individuals. (rapidtest.com)
  • HBsAg elisa assay is one of the best methods available for either screening blood donors or in the clinical diagnosis of hepatitis B-infected individuals. (rapidtest.com)
Endemic2
  • Hepatitis A virus (HAV) and hepatitis E virus (HEV) are important causes of maternal infections in endemic regions, and HEV can be associated with considerable maternal morbidity and mortality. (medscape.com)
  • International travelers to regions with high or intermediate levels of endemic hepatitis B virus infection. (medscape.com)
Positive14
  • A patient with chronic HBV infection was defined as any patient who was positive for HBsAg for greater than 6 months or was positive for both HBsAg and anti-HBc (immunoglobulin M negative). (cdc.gov)
  • The aim of this study is to discuss the association between HBV infection and B-NHL using a case-control design, on the other hand, we want to evaluate the optimal duration and monitoring of antiviral therapy against HBV for HBsAg-positive B-NHL patients who have undergone anti-cancer chemotherapy. (scirp.org)
  • The blood samples and clinical information were collected from chronic HBV-positive patients Group 1 (n = 120), and their age and gender were matched with those of the healthy control subjects Group 2 (n = 120). (uwi.edu)
  • There was no correlation between diabetes and HBV with the prevalence of diabetes mellitus being similar in subjects with and without HBsAg (11.7% in the positive group and 10% in the controls). (uwi.edu)
  • HBsAg-positive women are contacted before delivery and educated about HBV infection. (floridahealth.gov)
  • Florida's overall goal is to ensure that all HBsAg-positive pregnant women receive enhanced case management services. (floridahealth.gov)
  • Pregnant women who are at risk for hepatitis B virus infection during pregnancy (eg, having more than 1 sex partner during the previous 6 months, having been evaluated or treated for a sexually transmitted infection, recent or current injection drug use, or having an HBsAg-positive sex partner). (medscape.com)
  • Clinicians should provide or refer all patients identified with HBV (HBsAg-positive) for posttest counseling and hepatitis B-directed care. (medscape.com)
  • If hepatitis B virus tests (HBsAg) are positive even after 6 months, it is then considered a 'chronic' (long term) hepatitis B infection, which may last a lifespan. (ndtv.com)
  • If an individual is found to be infected (if the person is HBsAg-positive) then other tests may be advised to check on the severity of infection, liver inflammation and damage to the liver. (ndtv.com)
  • Accordingly, patients with HCC were more likely than were controls to be positive for HBsAg (82.8% versus 12.9%, with an odds ratio (OR) of 22.9), anti-HCVs (13.8% versus 4.4%, with an OR of 3.9), and HCV RNA (13.8% versus 5.8%, with an OR of 2.7). (aacrjournals.org)
  • Blood samples were tested for anti-HBc and, if positive, for HBsAg. (cdc.gov)
  • HBsAg-negative AND HBV DNA-positive. (cdc.gov)
  • An individual positive for HBsAg is considered to be infected and is therefore potentially infectious. (medscape.com)
Negative6
  • We identified two blood donors whose donations tested HBsAg- and HBV DNA-negative, but transmitted HBV. (karger.com)
  • A true transient OBI remains HBsAg-negative during the entire course. (karger.com)
  • The wells remain colorless if the HBsAg result is negative. (rapidtest.com)
  • iv) HBe Ag-negative hepatitis, and v) HBsAg-negative stages that reflect the interaction between HBV replication and the immune system. (sciendo.com)
  • One Hundred and Twenty-One asymptomatic, treatment naïve, e negative chronic hepatitis B patients were recruited. (jscimedcentral.com)
  • Quantitative HBsAg level are high among Nigerian patients with e negative chronic HBV infection despite low HBV DNA count. (jscimedcentral.com)
0.7381
  • When ROC analysis was performed to determine the most appropriate quantitative HBsAg value to define inactive carrier patients, the area under the ROC curve for HBsAg was 0.738 (95% CI:0.637-0.840). (turkjgastroenterol.org)
Replication4
  • Whilst increased levels of blood OPN have similarly been reported in chronic Hepatitis B (CHB), its role in viral replication remains unknown. (bmj.com)
  • This study aimed to evaluate the role of OPN in HBV replication, HBsAg secretion and HBV-driven liver injury. (bmj.com)
  • The relationship between OPN and HBV replication was further confirmed following treatment with recOPN which showed a significant increase in intracellular and secreted HBV-DNA by an additional 1.3 Log10 copies/mL and amplified HBsAg secretion rates by 2 fold. (bmj.com)
  • Clinical trials for chronic hepatitis B (HBV) infection in children have shown usefulness of interferon alpha 2b (IFN- a ) in eliminating HBV replication and in improving liver histology. (turkishjournalpediatrics.org)
Clinical1
Acute or chronic2
Quantitative2
  • It has been concluded that quantitative measurements of HBsAg could be used to differentiate between IC and AC patients. (turkjgastroenterol.org)
  • There is a renewed interest in the quantitative HBsAg (qHBsAg) assay as a marker of hepatitis B viral activities in the last ten years [13]. (jscimedcentral.com)
Marker2
  • As the appearance of anti-HBsAg may be delayed after HBsAg clearance, anti-HBc is sometimes the only serological marker for HBV infection and potentially infectious blood. (cdc.gov)
  • First marker of HBV infection , HBsAg can be detected 2 to 12 weeks after the infection [ 4 ]. (omicsonline.org)
Patients17
  • HBsAg and ALT values of IC and AC patients were 2.47±1.35 log10 IU/mL, 3.59±0.97log10 IU/mL (p=0.0001), and 25.94±13.06 IU/mL, 55.54±82.38 IU/mL (p=0.015), respectively and the difference was significant. (turkjgastroenterol.org)
  • HBsAg levels and other serological indicators were quantified for all patients and their association with TCMS was statistically analyzed and determined. (hindawi.com)
  • From April 1 through May 18, 1994, cases of acute HBV infection were identified through routine seroscreening in 14 (70%) of 20 patients at center A, which opened in January 1994. (cdc.gov)
  • In addition, a case of previously unrecognized chronic HBV infection was identified in a patient who had received hemodialysis nine times at center A from January 26 through February 9, but had not been isolated from other patients during these treatments. (cdc.gov)
  • From April 1 through June 1, 1994, cases of acute HBV infection were identified in seven (5.3%) of 131 susceptible patients in center B. Of the two patients with chronic infections, one was identified as the source of the transmission through genetic sequencing of virus isolates from all infected patients. (cdc.gov)
  • Staff frequently were assigned to provide simultaneous care for the source-patient with chronic infection and for susceptible patients. (cdc.gov)
  • Although the rate of acute hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections have declined approximately 89% during 1990-2011, from 8.5 to 0.9 cases per 100,000 population in the United States, the risk for occupationally acquired HBV among HCP persists, largely from exposures to patients with chronic HBV infection. (cdc.gov)
  • Background: specialized studies on hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and B-NHL (B-cell Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma) are limited, as well as prophylactic antiviral therapy for B-NHL patients with HBV infection who are receiving anticancer chemotherapy. (scirp.org)
  • This study aims to investigate the association between HBV infection and B-NHL, and to evaluate the effect of prophylactic antiviral therapy for HBV-infected B-NHL patients. (scirp.org)
  • Most of these patients progress to chronic HDV infection. (clinlabnavigator.com)
  • Ninety-Three (77%) patients had their HBsAg quantification ≥ 1000 IU/ml. (jscimedcentral.com)
  • However, not all patients with chronic hepatitis B will develop these complications. (jscimedcentral.com)
  • Haemodialysis patients are particularly patients living in Babol city and the villages at risk for developing of HBV infection around it. (who.int)
  • Fisher exact tests were used to compare in haemodialysis patients infected with the antibody levels by age, sex, duration hepatitis C virus (HCV) and some authors of haemodialysis and concurrent HCV could not find the effective conversion rate infection. (who.int)
  • [ 3 ] HBsAg can be cleared by normal immune response, and only 1% of patients with acute HBV exposure are estimated to progress to a chronic state. (medscape.com)
  • HA410 trade name] is indicated in combination with other antiretroviral medicinal products for the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) infection in patients weighing 30 kg or more. (who.int)
  • The choice of [HA410 trade name] to treat antiretroviral-experienced patients with HIV-1 infection should be based on individual viral resistance testing and/or the treatment history of the patient. (who.int)
Virions2
  • Method Stably (HepG2215), transiently (HUH-7) transfected and infected (HepaRG) cell lines, producing full HBV virions and HBsAg particles were cultured over 72 h in the presence/absence of several concentrations of recombinant OPN (recOPN). (bmj.com)
  • One case of acute OBI showed a peak viremia of 15,000 IU/ml HBV DNA and sub-borderline HBsAg, suggesting a ratio of virions to subviral particles of 1:10, whereas 'normal' cases show at peak viremia a ratio of 1:3,000. (karger.com)
Lead to chronic1
ELISA2
  • HBsAg levels were measured by ELISA. (bmj.com)
  • Since Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is known as one of the major causes of blood transmitted hepatitis infections, blood screening using the HBsAg ELISA test is one of the most effective ways of preventing the spread of HBV. (rapidtest.com)
Treatment for chronic3
Symptoms5
  • Acute infection with HBV or HCV can manifest with a wide range of mild to severe symptoms. (cdc.gov)
  • HBsAg can be identified two to four weeks before the ALT levels are abnormal, and three to five weeks before symptoms appear. (rapidtest.com)
  • Usually there are no symptoms during the acute infection phase except for exceptions that last several weeks like yellowing of the skin and eyes (jaundice), dark urine, extreme fatigue, nausea, vomiting and abdominal pain. (apollohospitals.com)
  • Many people suffering from chronic hepatitis B do not experience any symptoms of infection and remain unaffected. (ndtv.com)
  • Others were told their infection had "resolved" or was "inactive", without being warned that it may reactivate, even without symptoms 3 . (hepatitisaustralia.com)
Cases of acute1
  • In 2009 in the United States, 3,371 cases of acute HBV infection were reported nationally, and an estimated 38,000 new cases of HBV infection occurred after accounting for underreporting and underdiagnosis (17). (cda.org)
Sexually transmitte1
  • Two other global health sector strategies covering the same period were also drafted: on HIV3 and on sexually transmitted infections.4 The three draft strategies were developed together, using a common framework and a coordinated consultation process. (who.int)
Occur3
Pregnant2
  • Although illness caused by HEV most often tends to be mild and self-limiting, high rates of illness and death among pregnant women is a unique complication and key epidemiologic feature of HEV infection. (cdc.gov)
  • All pregnant women are tested for HBsAg. (floridahealth.gov)
Immune4
  • The hope is that when the viral load is dramatically reduced, the body's immune system can gain the upper hand and eradicate the infection on its own. (hepb.org)
  • To determine whether entecavir and peginterferon can be used to treat people in the immune-tolerant phase of chronic hepatitis B. (nih.gov)
  • Individuals at least 18 years of age who have chronic hepatitis B and are in the immune-tolerant phase of infection. (nih.gov)
  • Future development and approval of HBc-specific antiviral drugs will significantly accelerate the elimination of chronic hepatitis B. Additionally, a number of biological therapeutics are in preclinical evaluation and development, including immune modulators (e.g. (plos.org)
Exposure5
  • Ninety to 95% of these potential infections may be avoided through appropriate maternal screening and infant post-exposure prophylaxis. (floridahealth.gov)
  • People can get the infection through exposure to blood and other body fluids of an infected person. (ndtv.com)
  • Hepatitis B is an infection caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV), which is transmitted through percutaneous (i.e., breaks in the skin) or mucosal (i.e., direct contact with mucous membranes) exposure to infectious blood or body fluids. (cda.org)
  • HBsAg usually appears 4 weeks after viral exposure but can be detected any time after the first week. (medscape.com)
  • cancer-causing behaviours and in- Chapters 5 and 6), which are driven Infection-related cancers are gener- creased exposure to risk factors, by a multifaceted and concurrent in- ally more frequent in disadvantaged affecting predominantly less afflu- terplay of different factors. (who.int)
Routine2
Pregnancy3