Chronic dermal exposure. Medical search. Frequent questions

This value was corrected for duration of exposure and for an increased respiratory volume for light work conditions (see Guidance Document, Chapter R.8.4.2). (europa.eu)
Medical Conditions Aggravated By Exposure: Liver, kidney, chronic respiratory disease. (edocr.com)
Arrighi HM, Hertz-Picciotto I. "Controlling the healthy worker survivor effect, an example of arsenic exposure and respiratory cancer. (osha.gov)
VOCs are absorbed mainly through the respiratory and dermal routes. (hindawi.com)
Chronic exposure to xylene can cause liver and kidney damage, with increased blood urea levels, pulmonary congestion, respiratory failure, and hepatomegaly [ 9 ]. (hindawi.com)
Significant inhalation exposure does not occur at room temperature, but respiratory tract irritation is possible when the liquid is heated, agitated, or sprayed. (cdc.gov)
iii) If the employer receives reports of signs or symptoms of respiratory or dermal conditions associated with formaldehyde exposure , the employer shall promptly monitor the affected employee 's exposure . (cornell.edu)
Constant, careless and accidental dermal or respiratory exposure, however, can cause short or even long-term health effects. (uky.edu)
Immunological and neurological ef- duces the greatest hazard for individual ex- fects on the respiratory system linked to posure to these toxic substances [ 1 ], by the local and systemic toxic actions of pes- inhalation, dermal or oral exposure [ 2,3 ]. (who.int)

Mathematical modeling of environmental and biological systems, ingestion and dermal absorption dosimetry, Enviroinformatics, cheminformatics and bioinformatics. (rutgers.edu)
Individuals can be exposed to depleted uranium in the same way that they are routinely exposed to natural uranium - by inhalation, ingestion and dermal contact (including injury resulting in embedded fragments). (who.int)

Trichloroethylene Toxicity: What are the primary routes of exposure to trichloroethylene? (cdc.gov)
After completing this section, you will be able to describe routes of exposure . (cdc.gov)
Dermal and inhalation are the relevant routes of exposure. (europa.eu)

Dermal absorption is negligible and does not contribute significantly to systemic toxicity. (cdc.gov)
Following a worst case approach, dermal absorption of 100% is assumed. (europa.eu)

The Children's Total Exposure to Pesticides and Other Persistent Organic Pollutants (CTEPP) was a USEPA-funded study investigating children's exposure to over 50 pollutants at homes and daycare facilities in selected North Carolina and Ohio counties in 2000-2001. (cdc.gov)
Table 1 shows the pesticides most often implicated in poisonings, injuries and illnesses, according to 1996 data from the Toxic Exposure Surveillance System of the American Association of Poison Control Centers. (missouri.edu)
In occupational exposures to pesticides, dermal and eye injuries are more common than systemic poisonings, although systemic poisonings are likely to be more severe. (missouri.edu)
1 exposure to pesticides. (who.int)
Inhalation pare the effect of acute exposure to pesti- of pesticide dust, vapours, mists and gases cides of these workers with a group of may therefore represent a significant occu- workers not occupationally exposed to pational hazard [ 6 ] with workers vulnerable pesticides. (who.int)

1998). Toxic effects of acute inhalation exposure to 1-methylnaphthalene and 2-methylnaphthalene in experimental animals. (europa.eu)
Syngene's full range of general toxicology services supported by complete toxicokinetic analysis and interpretation services help clients analyze the toxic effects of drugs at various exposure levels. (syngeneintl.com)
American Association of Poison Control Centers, Toxic Exposure Surveillance System, 1996 data. (missouri.edu)
The reality is that you can still have a toxic exposure before that time," said Ashleigh. (grainger.com)
Despite the plethora of data on the toxic contaminants contained in tobacco smoke and their impact on health, only recently has there been recognition that exposure to long-lived tobacco smoke components in indoor environments where smoking has taken place may result in possible adverse health consequences. (springer.com)

Quantitative histology was used to evaluate 8 biomarkers of photoaged skin, and associations between grades of dermal elastosis and each of the other 7 biomarkers were analysed using ordinal logistic regression models with proportional odds assumption, using histological grades of elastosis as the outcome. (karger.com)
Amonga range of suggested biomarkers of photoaged skin, only p53-positive cells appear to be strongly associated with the level of dermal elastosis. (karger.com)
Workers exposed to fuels had higher average levels of these exposure biomarkers (HA and MHA), which were also higher in convenience store workers than in filling station attendants. (hindawi.com)
We aimed to assess the associations of use of personal care products with urine biomarkers levels of phenols and paraben exposure, and whether urine levels (reflecting body burden of this chemical exposures) are associated with eczema, rhinitis, asthma, specific IgE and body mass index. (biomedcentral.com)
biomarkers of exposure, multi-route exposures to volatile and semi-volatile organic compounds, exposure to disinfection by-products in drinking water, the role of air pollution in exacerbation of asthma and other diseases, exposures within aircraft and other modes of transportation, indoor air, gene-environmental exposure. (rutgers.edu)

The mouse is the most sensitive species where the target organs are bone marrow, ovary and testis a NOAEL for repeat dose toxicity in the chronic studies has not been established due to neoplasia-related toxicity. (europa.eu)
In rabbits, the LD 50 for rotenone following IV, oral, and dermal routes are 0.35-0.65, 1.5, and 100-200 mg/kg, respectively.A no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) of 0.4 mg/kg/d has been determined in rats and dogs. (merckvetmanual.com)

This matters for hazard assessment because chemicals with high chronic toxicity can cause harm even in very small amounts. (grainger.com)
Exposure to wood preservatives can occur while handling and mixing the chemicals, entering pressure-treatment cylinders, working around spray or dip operations, handling freshly treated wood, cleaning/servicing equipment, or disposing of wastes. (uky.edu)
Closed systems for handling the chemicals and mechanical handling of treated wood helps to reduce potential exposure but does not eliminate the possibility of some routine or accidental exposure for workers. (uky.edu)
Workers across every occupational sector have the potential to be exposed to a wide variety of chemicals, and the skin is a primary route of exposure. (cdc.gov)
Furthermore, exposure to certain chemicals has been linked to inflammatory and allergic diseases. (cdc.gov)

The starting point for a long-term (repeated dose) dermal systemic DNEL value for workers was the NOAEC value of 433 mg/m 3 from a subchronic rat inhalation toxicity study (100 ppm). (europa.eu)
however, for calculation of the DNEL for REACH purposes it is assumed that workers have maximal repeated exposure for 8 hr/day for 5 day/wk. (europa.eu)

1,3-Butadiene is a flammable gas at room temperature and therefore the requirement for data on oral and dermal repeat dose toxicity is waived in accordance with REACH Annex XI. (europa.eu)
It exhibits marked species differences in repeat dose toxicity studies via inhalation exposure. (europa.eu)

Little is known about CIPP worker exposures and health risks. (cdc.gov)
Provides exposure risks, exposure limits, and health effects for arsenic. (osha.gov)
Reduce risks of exposure by selecting products and application methods that will control the pests without harming the applicator, the user, the public, or the environment. (uky.edu)
Basic, common-sense hygiene rules can significantly reduce risks of chronic exposure to wood preservatives. (uky.edu)
Information is given on sources of depleted uranium exposure, the likely routes of acute and chronic intake, the potential health risks from both the radiological and chemical toxicity standpoints and future research needs. (who.int)

Repeated or prolonged exposure may cause skin irritation and dermatitis, due to degreasing properties of the product. (shbyx.com)

This model was developed as a general tool to assess the pathways that contribute to indoor exposure to semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs). (cdc.gov)

Occupational exposure to TCE can occur through inhalation and skin contact at workplaces where TCE is produced or used. (cdc.gov)
Whenever possible the use of local exhaust ventilation or other engineering controls is the preferred method of controlling exposure to airborne dust and fume to meet established occupational exposure limits. (espimetals.com)
Gasoline station workers showed high levels of HA and MHA, reflecting high occupational exposure to the solvents toluene and xylene present in gasoline, demonstrating that changes in the current legislation and in the work environment are necessary to ensure better health protection for these workers. (hindawi.com)
VEGF and IFN- levels in serum and skin lesions were measured in 32 Egyptian building workers with chronic allergic contact dermatitis due to occupational exposure to cement and 20 healthy controls. (who.int)
Occupational exposure to pesticide pro- ies. (who.int)

Assessment of children's non-dietary exposure to chlorpyrifos in indoor environments. (cdc.gov)
XDE-795 was administered for 2 years to 50/sex/dose for chronic/oncogenicity assessment. (fluoridealert.org)
Uncertainties in evaluation of risk to human health following exposure to 1,4-benzenediol (e.g. species specific effects) have been acknowledged in the screening assessment document. (gc.ca)
Age and sex effects across the blood proteome after ionizing radiation exposure can bias biomarker screening and risk assessment. (harvard.edu)
Exposure assessment studies 6. (routledge.com)
Exposure assessment to biological and non-biological airborne particles, air pollution, exposure and health effects of nanoparticles. (rutgers.edu)
This scientific review on depleted uranium is part of WHO's continuing process of assessment of possible health effects of exposure to chemical, physical and biological agents. (who.int)

A measure of how much one exposure of a chemical can cause injury or death. (msstate.edu)
You can sense if your PPE has been damaged by chemical exposure or a mechanical stress - you can see if there's a tear or feel if there's a puncture in the PPE material, allowing chemical to penetrate through the barrier. (grainger.com)
There's a misconception that a breakthrough time of greater than 480 minutes means you can wear a garment without any chemical exposure for 480 minutes. (grainger.com)
But when a chemical has chronic toxicity, it causes harm as small doses accumulate over long periods of time, potentially leading to cancers, organ damage and other serious health problems. (grainger.com)
Chronic toxicity is one way that even small exposures to a chemical can cause serious harm in the long run. (grainger.com)
Besides, depending on chemical species, its dose, route and period (acute or chronic) of exposure, the effect of heavy metal poisoning is greatly influenced by personal characteristics of the exposed individuals such as age, gender, genetics, individual susceptibilities and nutritional status. (gettinghealthier.com)
Thus, understanding the immune responses to chemical exposures on the skin and the potential for inflammation and sensitization is needed to improve worker safety and health. (cdc.gov)
However, dermal chemical exposure may impact reactions in the skin differently depending on the strain of mouse. (cdc.gov)
In this study, exposure to the immunomodulatory chemical triclosan was evaluated in two mouse models using immunophenotyping by flow cytometry and gene expression analysis. (cdc.gov)
Taken together, these results demonstrate that exposure to an immunomodulatory chemical, triclosan, differentially impacts immune cell populations in the skin of haired and hairless mice. (cdc.gov)
Applying creams and lotions containing capsaicin, the active chemical in capsicum, can temporarily relieve chronic pain from several conditions. (medlineplus.gov)

The key step within assignment of the hazard-specific SK is the determination of the hazard potential of the substance, or its potential for causing adverse health effects as a result of skin exposure. (cdc.gov)
Identifies and discusses agents, substances, mixtures, or exposure circumstances that may pose a health hazard due to their carcinogenicity. (osha.gov)

Chronic toxicity studies were also conducted upon rabbits, rats, and beagle dogs. (wikipedia.org)

An additional AF of 2 (subchronic to chronic) and an intraspecies (sensitive worker) AF of 3 were applied. (europa.eu)

Many deaths, especially from bone cancer, have occurred in humans following long-term oral exposure to radium-226 and radium-228. (cdc.gov)
No chronic non-neoplastic effects were seen in humans, although data are limited. (europa.eu)
Evidence for transdermal passage and presence in the food chain (fish) suggests potential exposure of humans during development. (researchgate.net)
chain (fish) suggests potential exposure of humans during development. (researchgate.net)
Benzene is classified by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) as a carcinogen for humans (Group 1), associated with the development of chronic myeloid leukemia, multiple myeloma, acute myeloid leukemia in children, and lung cancer [ 6 ]. (hindawi.com)
Exposure to triclosan has previously been shown to be associated with allergic disease in humans and impact the immune responses in animal models. (cdc.gov)

Its purpose is to present levels of significant exposure for radium based on toxicological studies, epidemiological investigations, and environmental exposure data. (cdc.gov)
22nd Annual Meeting of the International Society of Exposure Science (ISES 2012): Lessons Learned: Contributions of Exposure Science to Environmental and Occupational Health, October 28-November 1, 2012, Seattle, Washington. (cdc.gov)
Indoor residential use was banned by the US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) in 2000, due to concern over potential exposure to children. (cdc.gov)
We then consider other case studies of controlling indoor environmental exposures-asbestos, lead, and radon-that provide "lessons learned" for THS. (springer.com)
Results of chronic aquatic toxicity testing, with natural organic matter (NOM) as the dispersant, may be potentially useful to characterize the environmental effects of the PMN substance. (nanotechia.org)

Ingestion is typically a minor pathway of exposure because TCE is not normally present at high levels in food or water. (cdc.gov)
Additionally, DNELs derived for chronic exposures are typically lower than those calculated for acute exposures and would therefore be protective of human for both the acute and chronic exposures. (europa.eu)
The dermal route is typically covered by oral route information in the absence of data for this administration route. (europa.eu)

Previous implementation of the model evaluated children's exposure to di-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP, a plasticizer common found in vinyl flooring) and nicotine. (cdc.gov)
Urinary phthalate metabolite (mPAEs) analysis is a reliable tool for assessing human exposure to phthalates. (bvsalud.org)
This, and the low limits of detection, ranging from 0.01 to 0.05 ng mL-1, make the proposed procedure sensitive and suitable for human biomonitoring of phthalate exposures. (bvsalud.org)

The potential exposure to the test material indicates that long-term exposure DNELs need to be derived for workers and for the general population. (europa.eu)

Following chronic exposure to rotenone, fatty acid synthesis is altered in the mitochondria, resulting in fatty changes in the liver and kidney. (merckvetmanual.com)
Liver weight (% body) significantly increased with PFHpA, PFHxA, and PFPeA exposure and histopathological changes were observed in both the liver and skin. (cdc.gov)

To date, CIPP air monitoring studies have been unable to comprehensively characterize occupational exposures because of a narrow focus on VOC vapors and the use of nonspecific detectors. (cdc.gov)
i) Unless the employer chooses to measure the exposure of each employee potentially exposed to formaldehyde , the employer shall develop a representative sampling strategy and measure sufficient exposures within each job classification for each workshift to correctly characterize and not underestimate the exposure of any employee within each exposure group. (cornell.edu)

An AF of 4 was applied to the corrected dose descriptor for dermal long-term (repeated dose) systemic effects in workers (interspecies differences, allometric scaling). (europa.eu)

No information has been located regarding the lethal effects of acute exposure to radium via inhalation. (cdc.gov)
2010). Neurobehavioral effects of acute exposure to aromatic hydrocarbons. (europa.eu)
Review of Biological Effects of Acute and Chronic Radiation Exposure on Caenorhabditis elegans. (harvard.edu)

In 1889, Charcot, in his Clinical Lectures on Diseases of the Nervous System, attributed some rapid oscillatory tremors to mercury exposure. (medscape.com)
Chronic Granulomatous Disease , autoimmune diseases Autoimmune diseases Disorders that are characterized by the production of antibodies that react with host tissues or immune effector cells that are autoreactive to endogenous peptides. (lecturio.com)
Research suggest that these heavy metals are systemic toxicants for human body and can induce adverse health effects such as leaky gut, neurologic disorders, chronic fatigue, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, hematologic and immunologic disorders, developmental abnormalities and cancer. (gettinghealthier.com)

Employee exposure means the exposure to airborne formaldehyde which would occur without corrections for protection provided by any respirator that is in use . (cornell.edu)

Skin contact is a common route of TCE exposure in the workplace and among the general public if they are bathing in TCE-contaminated water. (cdc.gov)
Dermal elastosis is considered the histological 'gold standard' for evaluation of skin photoaging, but the relation of the level of dermal elastosis to other histological indicators of photoaging is not clear. (karger.com)
A skin inflammation or rash resulting from exposure to sunlight, X-rays, or atomic particle radiation: Chronic or recurrent actinic dermatitis can lead to skin cancer. (wordinfo.info)
Actinodermatitis is an ailment of the epidermis resuling from too much exposure to sunlight or because of an adverse reaction to a radiation-skin therapy. (wordinfo.info)
Actinic Keratoses Actinic keratoses are precancerous changes in skin cells (keratinocytes) that are a frequent consequence of many years of sun exposure. (msdmanuals.com)
Overview of Effects of Sunlight The skin may respond to sunlight with chronic (eg, dermatoheliosis [photoaging], actinic keratosis) or acute (eg, photosensitivity, sunburn) changes. (msdmanuals.com)
Chronic exposure to sunlight ages the skin (photoaging, dermatoheliosis, extrinsic aging), primarily by causing destruction of skin collagen due to various biochemical and DNA disruptions. (msdmanuals.com)
Many ingredients are used in over-the-counter cosmetic products without significant evidence that they improve chronic changes of the skin caused by sunlight. (msdmanuals.com)
Additionally, studies have shown that exposure to triclosan dermally activates the NLRP3 inflammasome and disrupts the skin barrier integrity in mice. (cdc.gov)
In this study, the impact of triclosan exposure on the skin barrier and keratinocyte function was investigated using a model of reconstructed human epidermis. (cdc.gov)
Exposure to triclosan increased epidermal permeability and altered the expression of genes involved in formation of the skin barrier. (cdc.gov)
Together, these results suggest that exposure to triclosan impacts skin barrier integrity and function of human keratinocytes and suggests that these alterations may impact immune regulation. (cdc.gov)
The barrier function of skin declines with age and is influenced by UVR exposure but the impact of ethnicity on these is unknown. (findaphd.com)
Previous work within the Centre for Dermatology Research at Manchester has shown that epidermal morphology and dermal composition are determined by geographical ancestry and that changes in skin related to ageing and the effect of UVR exposure differ between individuals of different ethnicity. (findaphd.com)
Study findings will make a significant contribution to our understanding of skin biology and epidermal barrier function and may have implications for public health messaging on sunlight exposure and photoprotection. (findaphd.com)
Moreover, it will inform development of skin care products and therapies for the protection and restoration of the skin barrier with respect to ageing and sunlight exposure that will meet the needs of our diverse population. (findaphd.com)
Dermal contact is considered a relatively unimportant type of exposure since little of the depleted uranium will pass across the skin into the blood. (who.int)

Inhalation is the primary route of exposure to TCE, as a result of TCE's volatility. (cdc.gov)
Inhalation is the primary route of exposure to TCE and the route that most commonly leads to acute illness. (cdc.gov)
Preliminary results from the chlorpyrifos case study reveal slow flushing of the pesticide from indoor compartments and substantial contribution of the dermal route of exposure to aggregate non-dietary dose. (cdc.gov)
Ingestion is the most important exposure route. (cdc.gov)
Ethylene glycol is rapidly absorbed following ingestion, which is the predominant route of exposure. (cdc.gov)

There is no information on the lethal effects of radium due to acute oral exposure. (cdc.gov)
Inhalation, dermal, and oral exposure to imazaquin yielded relatively low Margin of Exposure values issued by the EPA deeming imazaquin as a minimal risk concern. (wikipedia.org)
1,3-Butadiene is a gas and therefore significant exposure via the dermal or oral routes is unlikely. (europa.eu)

The present study conducted analyses of serum chemistries, immune phenotyping, gene expression, and histology to evaluate the systemic toxicity of a sub-chronic 28-day dermal exposure of alternative PFAS (1.25-5% or 31.25-125mg/kg/dose) in a murine model. (cdc.gov)

We begin by describing THS and its exposure pathways and provide findings from limited surveys of key stakeholder groups and their approaches to addressing THS. (springer.com)

Dermal safety studies via human clinical trials help to evaluate the safety of cosmetics, skincare and consumer products. (intertek.com)
In order to obtain information on human exposure, we conducted a monitoring study on human milk with three series of mother-child pairs (2004, 2005, 2006), with focus on cosmetic UV filters in relation to other endocrine disrupters. (researchgate.net)
They also indicate that it may be possible to reduce human exposure during critical periods such as pregnancy and lactation by transiently abstaining from use. (researchgate.net)
However, occasional leaks can present sources of human exposure . (uky.edu)

In other studies in rats, inhalation exposure of rats to 1,3-butadiene at concentrations of 1000, 2000, 4000 and 8000 (2212, 4425, 8850 and 17701 mg/m 3 ) for 13 weeks produced no treatment-related effects except moderately increased salivation. (europa.eu)

The general population might be exposed to TCE via inhalation of indoor and outdoor air, ingestion of food and or contaminated drinking water, or dermal exposure to contaminated water. (cdc.gov)
This paper addresses the challenge of limiting exposure to long-lived tobacco components, or THS, in indoor environments. (springer.com)

How much a substance can cause injury or death after long-term exposure. (msstate.edu)

Vapor concentrations of p- dichlorobenzene that exceed permissible exposure limits can cause central nervous system depression. (edocr.com)
Workplace Exposure Limits 2005 (EH40) Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations 2002 (as amended) The Carriage of Dangerous Goods and use of transportable pressure equipment regulations 2004. (egreenup.com)

Chronic lead exposure causes detrimental effects on central nervous system, cardiovascular system, kidneys, and cancer. (gettinghealthier.com)

Thermal injuries may present as overt dermal burns as well as an occult inhalational injury, or a combination of both that could present hours after exposure. (fsahq.org)

Our dermal safety studies, from our clinical study centre in Paris, France, are focused on supporting your product development through evidence-based dermatological efficacy testing and claims substantiation studies. (intertek.com)

The high frequency of detections and in part high concentrations of mPAEs indicate to widespread exposure to several phthalates among Brazilian women. (bvsalud.org)

Arsenic exposure in the workplace occurs through inhalation, ingestion, dermal or eye contact. (osha.gov)
Chronic heavy metal exposure mainly occurs through ingestion, inhalation, and dermal contact. (gettinghealthier.com)

Additionally, EPA proposed amendments to the low-volume exemptions (LVEs) and low-release and low-exposure exemptions (LoREXs). (americanbar.org)
Additionally, exposure to triclosan altered the expression patterns of several cytokines and growth factors. (cdc.gov)
Additionally, the ability of topical sunscreen to protect against changes in the epidermal barrier following acute UVR exposure will be examined. (findaphd.com)

This chapter contains descriptions and evaluations of studies and interpretation of data on the health effects associated with exposure to radium. (cdc.gov)
No studies were located regarding lethality in animals after inhalation exposure to radium. (cdc.gov)
Dermal safety studies can be deployed to confirm the safety of your skincare products during and after development. (intertek.com)
We offer dermal safety studies to confirm the safety of your skincare products during and after development including normal in-use safety studies and exaggerated use conditions. (intertek.com)
Although there is a high potential for dermal exposure, these studies are lacking. (cdc.gov)
Liao and colleagues transformed mass exposure data from two recent epidemiology studies to surface area measurements for nano-titanium dioxide, calculating that 1 g titanium dioxide had 50 m2 surface. (who.int)

iii) When an employee 's exposure is determined from representative sampling, the measurements used shall be representative of the employee 's full shift or short-term exposure to formaldehyde , as appropriate. (cornell.edu)

This information is presented to provide public health officials, physicians, toxicologists, and other interested individuals and groups with an overall perspective of the toxicology of radium and a depiction of significant exposure levels associated with various adverse health effects. (cdc.gov)
Research on active smoking and secondhand smoke exposure has led to policy changes to protect individuals from the adverse health impacts of tobacco smoke. (springer.com)

See below for information on the October 5th free webinar "Public Health Implications and Occupational Exposures during Water Pipe Repair Activities" (to view webinar, click here ). (cdc.gov)

stress as a moderator of health effects due to exposure. (rutgers.edu)
The summary of the monograph on Depleted uranium: sources, exposure and health effects,1 referred to in paragraph 10 of document A54/19, is annexed. (who.int)

Anatomy3

Diseases2

Chemicals and Drugs25

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment17

Phenomena and Processes3

Disciplines and Occupations1

Technology, Industry, Agriculture17

Named Groups1

Health Care19

Geographicals3

Respiratory9

Ingestion and dermal2

Routes of exposure3

Absorption2

Pesticides5

Toxic5

Biomarkers5

NOAEL2

Chemicals5

DNEL2

Dose toxicity2

Risks5

Irritation1

Semi-volatile organic c1

Occupational exposure5

Assessment7

Chemical11

Hazard2

Toxicity studies1

Subchronic to chronic1

Humans6

Environmental5

Typically3

Phthalate3

Potential exposure1

Liver2

Characterize2

Interspecies differences1

Effects of acute3

Diseases3

Occur1

Skin17

Route5

Oral3

Systemic toxicity1

Pathways1

Human4

20001

Indoor2

Long-term1

Limits2

Nervous1

Injuries1

Clinical1

Concentrations1

Occurs2

Additionally3

Studies6

Short term exposure1

Adverse health2

Implications1

Health effects2