AnatomyChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and Processes
Voltage-Dependent Anion Channel 1Voltage-Dependent Anion ChannelsAnionsIon ChannelsChromosomesIon Channel GatingChromosome MappingCalcium ChannelsMembrane PotentialsChloride Channels
MitochondrialProteinGeneSubunitPoreVDACPorinEnzymeSelectiveTetramericGenomicSuperfamilyResiduesFunctionalEpithelialPeptideMitochondriaChlorideTransportersOuter membraneSubtypesAutismHumanSubunitsMembrane-boundMembranesCharacterizationCalcium ChannelsOpenSecretion2022FractionsConductancePhosphorylationZincReductaseResearchBenignFluctuationsChapterGABAReceptorsFunctionStructuresProteinsKinaseDiseaseTypeCells
Mitochondrial7
  • Voltage-dependent anion channels, or mitochondrial porins, are a class of porin ion channel located on the outer mitochondrial membrane. (wikipedia.org)
  • This major protein of the outer mitochondrial membrane of eukaryotes forms a voltage-dependent anion-selective channel (VDAC) that behaves as a general diffusion pore for small hydrophilic molecules. (wikipedia.org)
  • The voltage-dependent ion channel plays a key role in regulating metabolic and energetic flux across the outer mitochondrial membrane. (wikipedia.org)
  • The ATP-dependent cytosolic enzymes hexokinase, glucokinase, and glycerol kinase, as well as the mitochondrial enzyme creatine kinase, have all been found to bind to VDAC. (wikipedia.org)
  • The Drosophila retinoblastoma protein, Rbf1, induces a debcl and drp1 -dependent mitochondrial apoptosis. (sdbonline.org)
  • Mitochondrial porin , also known as the voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC), is a multi-functional channel protein that shuttles metabolites between the mitochondria and the cytosol and implicated in cellular life and death decisions. (sdbonline.org)
  • The mitochondrial voltage-dependent GKT137831 research buy anion channel 1 (VDAC1) is involved in the release of apoptotic proteins with possible relevance in Selleck PCI-34051 Alzheimer's disease (AD) neuropathology. (cdk-receptor.com)
Protein8
  • The precise mechanism for coupling voltage changes to conformational changes within the protein has not yet been worked out, but studies by Thomas et al. (wikipedia.org)
  • suggest that when the protein transitions to the closed form, voltage changes lead to the removal of a large section of the protein from the channel and decrease effective pore radius. (wikipedia.org)
  • Some eluate fractions contained a channel-forming protein, which was forming stable channels with a single-channel conductance of 80 pS in 1 M KCl. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
  • Furthermore, one fraction obtained by anion exchange chromatography of the p66 knock out outer membrane protein preparation showed a uniform channel-forming activity with a single channel conductance of 300 pS. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
  • Total serum calcium is divisible into protein-bound and ultrafiltrable (diffusible) calcium ( Fig. 6-1 ). (abdominalkey.com)
  • An increase in serum albumin concentration of 1 g/dL increases protein-bound calcium by 0.8 mg/dL, whereas an increase of 1 g/dL of globulin increases protein-bound calcium by 0.16 mg/dL. (abdominalkey.com)
  • Although there are many remaining uncertainties, this review highlights the idea that Best1 is a multifunctional protein, functioning as an anion channel with unique properties as well as a key regulator of various important brain functions. (en-journal.org)
  • calcium/calmodulin dependent protein k. (gsea-msigdb.org)
Gene7
  • Furthermore the location of the bb0142 gene within the chromosome is in an operon encoding a multidrug efflux pump. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
  • The N-terminal A domain differs among the four subtypes of Ca 2+ channel β subunits (β 1 -β 4 ) primarily as the result of two duplications of an ancestral gene containing multiple alternatively spliced exons. (jneurosci.org)
  • The Best1 encoding gene VMD2 is located in a pericentric region on human chromosome 11q13. (en-journal.org)
  • The extent and severity of the condition is extremely variable and dependent upon the type of gene change and the gender of the individual, amongst other factors. (metrionbiosciences.com)
  • CLCN4-NDD is caused by mutations of the CLCN4 gene encoding the CLC-4 channel which is expressed across various tissue types, but most prominently in the brain and skeletal muscle. (metrionbiosciences.com)
  • Despite considerable ongoing effort toward the identification of chromosome regions affected in autism and the characterization of many potential gene candidates, only a few genes have been reproducibly shown to display specific mutations that segregate with autism, likely because of the complex polygenic nature of this syndrome. (neurotransmitter.net)
  • This gene encodes the calcium channel Cav1.1. (epiphanyasd.com)
Subunit6
  • Telomerase synthesizes chromosome-capping telomeric repeats using an active site in telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) and an integral RNA subunit template. (elifesciences.org)
  • A new γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) A receptor (GABAR) subunit class, ε, has recently been cloned and shown to form functional channels when coexpressed with both α and β subunits. (aspetjournals.org)
  • We report that the combination of α1β3ε subunit subtypes expressed in L929 cells produced functional chloride ion channels that were both spontaneously active and gated by the application of extracellular GABA. (aspetjournals.org)
  • These data extend the pharmacological characterization of ε-containing GABARs and demonstrate that incorporation of the ε subunit permits spontaneous channel gating while preserving the structural information necessary for GABA sensitivity. (aspetjournals.org)
  • It is thought that the ε subunit, like the δ subunit ( Saxena and Macdonald, 1994 ), is capable of replacing the γ subunit in the GABAR pentamer to form functional channels with distinct pharmacological and biophysical properties. (aspetjournals.org)
  • dynactin subunit 1 [Source:HGNC Symbol. (gsea-msigdb.org)
Pore2
  • A prominent feature of the pore emerged: when reconstituted into planar lipid bilayers, there is a voltage-dependent switch between an anion-selective high-conductance state with high metabolite flux and a cation-selective low-conductance state with limited passage of metabolites. (wikipedia.org)
  • The small single-channel conductance suggests that it is a specific pore. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
VDAC8
  • More than 30 years after its initial discovery, in 2008, three independent structural projects of VDAC-1 were completed. (wikipedia.org)
  • The third was for mouse VDAC-1 crystals determined by X-ray crystallographic techniques. (wikipedia.org)
  • The three projects of the 3D structures of VDAC-1 revealed many structural features. (wikipedia.org)
  • First, VDAC-1 represents a new structural class of outer membrane β-barrel proteins with an odd number of strands. (wikipedia.org)
  • The 19-stranded 3D structure obtained under different experimental sources by three different laboratories fits the EM and AFM data from native membrane sources and represents a biologically relevant state of VDAC-1. (wikipedia.org)
  • At membrane potentials exceeding 30 mV (positive or negative), VDAC assumes a closed state, and transitions to its open state once the voltage drops below this threshold. (wikipedia.org)
  • Although both states allow passage of simple salts, VDAC is much more stringent with organic anions, a category into which most metabolites fall. (wikipedia.org)
  • Since phospho-VDAC and reduced HXKI levels favors a VDAC1 conformational state more prone to the release proapoptotic factors, regulation of the function of this channel may be a promising therapeutic approach to combat AD. (cdk-receptor.com)
Porin1
  • The inhibition of porin under the control of neuronal Ddc-Gal4 result in short lifespan and in an age-dependent loss in locomotor function, phenotypes that are strongly associated with Drosophila models of Parkinson disease . (sdbonline.org)
Enzyme2
  • An enzyme called telomerase adds structures called telomeres to the ends of the chromosomes, which protect the DNA from damage. (elifesciences.org)
  • A cyclase enzyme (lyase) catalyzes the formation of the cyclic nucleotide from its nucleotide triphosphate precursor ( Figure 1 ). (pancreapedia.org)
Selective2
  • Characterization of this channel showed that it is slightly anionic selective and voltage independent. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
  • The majority of native GABARs are thought to be heteropentamers composed of combinations of subunits from three different families (e.g., α, β, and γ) that form a chloride-selective ion channel. (aspetjournals.org)
Tetrameric1
  • We establish a pH dependant oligomerisation pathway forming tetrameric DEC-205 using solution-based techniques and ultimately solved the 4.9 Å cryo-EM structure of the DEC-205 tetramer to identify the unfurling of the second lectin ring which enables tetramer formation. (uci.edu)
Genomic2
  • Threats to genomic integrity occur at the ends of every linear chromosome, including incomplete DNA synthesis by the replisome and the potential for inappropriate DNA break repair. (elifesciences.org)
  • Copy amount of the transgenes was dependant on quantitative PCR using the same group of primers as well as the duplicate standard was set up by blending transgenic DNA with rat genomic DNA as defined [40]. (bioinf.org)
Superfamily1
  • GABARs belong to the superfamily of ligand-gated ion channels that includes the glycine, nicotinic cholinergic (nAChR), and 5-hydroxytryptamine receptors. (aspetjournals.org)
Residues2
  • The 3D-structure of LamB suggests that a number of aromatic residues (Y6, Y41, W74, F229, W358 and W420) within the channel lumen is involved in carbohydrate and ion transport. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
  • receptors of Kv 1-4 dysplasia both residues and stones, not, molecules of Kv 5-12 3-kinase morphological effects. (erik-mill.de)
Functional3
  • In the third part functional studies of the maltooligosaccharide-specific LamB channel were performed. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
  • We combine Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations of a thin-film blend of P3HT and phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) to model the interactions with a fluctuating environment with Time-Dependent Density Functional Theory (TDDFT) calculations to parametrize the effect of the torsional flexibility in the polymer and construct an exciton-type Hamiltonian that describes the photoexcitation of the polymer. (bvsalud.org)
  • The extracellular transport of molecules 1, 4A and 103( synthesis) for regulation cell membranes and upstream DCs triggers reduced through modfiying to the functional midwifery CCR6 and not another extracellular different melanin( Yang et al. (erik-mill.de)
Epithelial1
  • In epithelial cells, VEGF-A and VEGFR-1 expression was higher in tumor tissue compared to benign tissue. (cdk-receptor.com)
Peptide1
  • By mass spectrometry using peptide mass finger prints, BB0142 could be identified as the sole channel forming candidate in the active fraction. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
Mitochondria1
  • [1] pl. mitochondria ) is an organelle found in the cells of most eukaryotes , such as animals , plants and fungi . (wikipedia.org)
Chloride1
Transporters1
  • The ciliary epithelium, a bilayer of secretory neuroepithelial cells, is the site of synthesis of aqueous humor (inflow system), and it regulates its secretion by the coordinated action of a complex transport system that involves ion channels and active transporters. (yale.edu)
Outer membrane1
  • Histograms of conductance fluctuations were obtained from single-channel experiments with outer membrane preparations of B. hermsii, B. recurentis and B. duttonii. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
Subtypes2
  • The individual channels interact with other sub-types, so a mutation in one sub-type can affect other subtypes. (epiphanyasd.com)
  • Cells expressing α1 β3ε subtypes had concentration-dependent GABAR currents that were potentiated by pentobarbital, loreclezole, and lanthanum and inhibited by zinc and furosemide. (aspetjournals.org)
Autism1
  • Autism is a complex, behaviorally defined, developmental brain disorder with an estimated prevalence of 1 in 1,000. (neurotransmitter.net)
Human2
  • Bestrophin-1 (Best1) is a calcium-activated anion channel identified from retinal pigment epithelium where human mutations are associated with Best's macular degeneration. (en-journal.org)
  • Metal toxicity 1 can be caused by both metal ions, which are considered to be essential for humans, like iron and copper, as well as by non-essential metals, like cadmium, lead and mercury, which are not at all necessary for life but which, when introduced into the human environment, can have toxic effects, often with disastrous consequences. (rsc.org)
Subunits1
  • Ca 2+ channel β subunits regulate cell-surface expression and gating of voltage-dependent Ca 2+ channel α1 subunits. (jneurosci.org)
Membrane-bound1
  • 1) membrane-bound organelles (included are double-membraned and single-membraned cytoplasmic structures). (biologyonline.com)
Membranes1
  • The purified mutant proteins were reconstituted into lipid bilayer membranes and the single-channel conductance was studied. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
Characterization1
  • The electrophysically characterization of the 300 pS channel showed that it is not ionselective or voltage dependent. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
Calcium Channels1
Open6
Secretion1
  • The ciliary epithelium, a bilayer of secretory neuroepithelial cells, is the site of synthesis of aqueous humor (inflow system), and regulates its secretion by the coordinated action of a complex transport system involving ion channels and active ion secretion, from the stromal to the aqueous-humor surface, followed by osmotic water movement. (yale.edu)
20221
  • Chapter 1 to Chapter 40, Questions & answers, Latest 2022/ Already Graded A. (browsegrades.net)
Fractions1
Conductance1
  • All strains had a different conductance fluctuation pattern with a broad range of single-channel conductance values varying from 0.5 nS - 11 nS. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
Phosphorylation1
  • The phosphorylation of Metaxin 1 controls Bak activation during TNFα induced cell death. (nih.gov)
Zinc1
  • The application of pentobarbital and loreclezole, which increase GABAR currents, increased the holding current, whereas the application of zinc and picrotoxin, which reduce GABAR currents, reduced the holding current in a concentration-dependent manner. (aspetjournals.org)
Reductase1
Research1
Benign2
  • METHODS The localization of VEGF-A, VEGF-C, VEGF-D, VEGF receptor (VEGFR)-1, VEGFR-2, and VEGFR-3 was examined in cancerous and adjacent benign prostate tissue from 52 subjects representing various grades of prostate cancer. (cdk-receptor.com)
  • CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that activation of VEGFR-1 by VEGF-A within the carcinoma, and activation of lymphatic endothelial cell VEGFR-3 by VEGF-D within the adjacent benign stroma may be important see more signaling mechanisms involved in the progression and subsequent metastatic spread of prostate cancer. (cdk-receptor.com)
Fluctuations1
  • Comparing the histograms of single-channel conductions fluctuations of both strains showed no single-channel activity at 11.5 nS for the p66 knock out strain. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
Chapter1
  • Understanding Pathophysiology 7th Edition Test Bank Understanding Pathophysiology 7th Edition Test Bank Chapter 1. (browsegrades.net)
GABA1
  • However, spontaneous channel activity has been reported in recombinant α4β1 receptors as well as β1 or β3 homomeric receptors, although these isoforms are insensitive to activation by GABA. (aspetjournals.org)
Receptors2
  • proteins are 6 caused download rarefied receptors that in starts 1, 4A and 103( factor) have carefully cross-presented to obtain certain 1-5, 2-4, 3-6. (erik-mill.de)
  • Spontaneous and GABAR single-channel currents from α1β3ε receptors had single-channel conductances of ∼24 pS. (aspetjournals.org)
Function1
  • However, binding was again possible when Y118 was replaced by tryptophane (W). The carbohydrate-induced block of the channel function could also be used for the study of current noise through the different mutant LamB-channels. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
Structures1
Proteins2
  • Significantly, CLC4 is expressed on endosomes and the ER, and likely interacts with related CLC-3 channels which facilitate sorting of CLC-4 proteins into endosomal compartments. (metrionbiosciences.com)
  • The dysplasia receptor connect formed left into 12 processes, 1-12 with orange proteins from each ssDNA. (erik-mill.de)
Kinase2
  • Interestingly, rbf1 -induced apoptosis leads to a debcl - and drp1 -dependent Reactive Oxygen Species production, which in turn activates the Jun Kinase pathway to trigger cell death. (sdbonline.org)
  • Voltage-gated K+ GPCRs( Kv) retrofit the cleavage of kinase, vitro and hematopoietic structure compartments. (erik-mill.de)
Disease3
  • A novel alteration in metaxin 1, F202L, is associated with N370S in Gaucher disease. (nih.gov)
  • TMEM175 in Parkinson's Disease), making them a new class of ion channel drug discovery target. (metrionbiosciences.com)
  • heart: The disease of preferences from one use to another by patients of a delta-1( in the failure of pulses, a development) carboxyl or a grant which is Small to a acid thrombin( laboratory). (siriuspixels.com)
Type3
  • This is known as an L type calcium channel, the other ones being Cav1.2 and Cav1,3 and Cav1.4. (epiphanyasd.com)
  • Because they also play a role in how your heart works, numerous drugs have been developed, some are more specific to one type of channel (Amlodipine for Cav1.3, Verapamil for Cav1.2). (epiphanyasd.com)
  • Some readers of this blog have reported that the only thing that resolves their child's GI problems is an L-type calcium channel blocker. (epiphanyasd.com)
Cells4
  • A single circular chromosome is characteristic of prokaryotic cells, which do not have histones. (browsegrades.net)
  • Cytosolic calcium can be measured by loading the tested cells with a fluorescent probe such as indo-1-acetoxymethyl ester and exciting the cells at 350 nM. (abdominalkey.com)
  • When cells were voltage-clamped at -75 mV in the whole-cell configuration, holding currents of 50 to 300 pA associated with increased noise were consistently recorded. (aspetjournals.org)
  • Cells were washed with complete DMEM and rested for 1-2 hr before stimulation with combinations of IL-10 (10 ng/ml), IL-6 (2 ng/ml) or LPS (100 ng/ml) for 45 min or 180 mins. (gsea-msigdb.org)