During initiation, the replication machineries - termed replisomes - are assembled on DNA in a bidirectional fashion. (wikipedia.org)
The replicator thereby specifies the location of replication initiation events, and the chromosome region that is replicated from a single origin or initiation event is defined as the replicon. (wikipedia.org)
Obviously, the initiation of chromosome replication is essential to bacterial reproduction, but this process is not inhibited by any of the currently-used antimicrobial agents. (mdpi.com)
Forks2
In the elongation phase, replisomes travel in opposite directions with the replication forks, unwinding the DNA helix and synthesizing complementary daughter DNA strands using both parental strands as templates. (wikipedia.org)
Chromosome replication is triggered when a nucleoprotein complex, termed the orisome, assembles, unwinds the duplex DNA, and recruits the proteins required to establish new replication forks. (mdpi.com)
Proteins2
Once bound to replicators, initiators (often with the help of co-loader proteins) deposit replicative helicases onto DNA, which subsequently drive the recruitment of additional replisome components and the assembly of the entire replication machinery. (wikipedia.org)
The concept of the replicator as a genetic entity has proven very useful in the quest to identify replicator DNA sequences and initiator proteins in prokaryotes, and to some extent also in eukaryotes, although the organization and complexity of replicators differ considerably between the domains of life. (wikipedia.org)
Bacterial1
A fundamental feature of the replicon hypothesis is that it relies on positive regulation to control DNA replication onset, which can explain many experimental observations in bacterial and phage systems. (wikipedia.org)
Processes2
The necessity to regulate origin location likely arises from the need to coordinate DNA replication with other processes that act on the shared chromatin template to avoid DNA strand breaks and DNA damage. (wikipedia.org)
p)ppGpp not only controls various stages of central dogma processes (replication, transcription, ribosome maturation and translation) and central metabolism but also regulates various physiological processes such as pathogenesis, persistence, motility and competence. (bvsalud.org)
Termination2
Once replication is complete, specific termination events lead to the disassembly of replisomes. (wikipedia.org)
In Escherichia coli cells, disruption of the transcription-translation coordination leads to the loss of transcription processivity via triggering Rho-mediated premature transcription termination. (bvsalud.org)
Cells1
To ensure complete and accurate duplication of the entire genome and the correct flow of genetic information to progeny cells, all DNA replication events are not only tightly regulated with cell cycle cues but are also coordinated with other cellular events such as transcription and DNA repair. (wikipedia.org)
Timely2
Propagation of the genetic material between generations requires timely and accurate duplication of DNA by semiconservative replication prior to cell division to ensure each daughter cell receives the full complement of chromosomes. (wikipedia.org)
During carbon downshift, a lack of stringent response in relA deficient strain leads to disruption of the transcription-translation coordination, thus compromising the transcription processivity and further the timely expression of related catabolic operons for utilizing secondary carbon sources. (bvsalud.org)
Daughter1
Synthesis of daughter strands starts at discrete sites, termed replication origins, and proceeds in a bidirectional manner until all genomic DNA is replicated. (wikipedia.org)
High2
A key prerequisite for DNA replication is that it must occur with extremely high fidelity and efficiency exactly once per cell cycle to prevent the accumulation of genetic alterations with potentially deleterious consequences for cell survival and organismal viability. (wikipedia.org)
The genome atlases allowed for distinguishing distinct DNA structures and highlighted suspicious high transcription zones. (mdpi.com)
Chromosomal2
Incomplete, erroneous, or untimely DNA replication events can give rise to mutations, chromosomal polyploidy or aneuploidy, and gene copy number variations, each of which in turn can lead to diseases, including cancer. (wikipedia.org)
In this review, we focus on recent attempts to add additional origins into various ectopic chromosomal locations of the E. coli chromosome. (frontiersin.org)
Protein8
Together, our findings suggest that fluctuations in binding of the partitioning protein ParB2 and the chrII initiator RctB to rctA underlie a regulatory network controlling both oriCII firing and the production of the essential chrII partitioning proteins. (nih.gov)
protein_coding" "AAC73572","dnaX","Escherichia coli","DNA polymerase III/DNA elongation factor III, tau and gamma subunits [Ensembl]. (ntu.edu.sg)
41314) energy-coupling factor transport system permease protein ecfT BBZA01000003 CDS ARMA_0064 complement(41356. (go.jp)
The DnaA protein has long been considered to play the key role in the initiation of chromosome replication in modern bacteria. (encyclopedia.pub)
In fact, the possibility that DnaA protein acts as a regulator of gene expression was raised by Hansen a few years after the isolation of the first mutant [ 10 ] , and DnaA was subsequently shown to regulate many operons [ 11 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
To explore this proposal, it is essential to characterise the biochemical properties of the DnaA protein. (encyclopedia.pub)
They found that the DnaA protein is an ATPase possessing a high affinity for the replication origin ( oriC) via DnaA boxes constituted of nine bases. (encyclopedia.pub)
Bacteria3
Nonetheless, research subsequent to Jacob's, Brenner's and Cuzin's proposal of the replicon model has discovered many additional layers of replication control in bacteria and eukaryotes that comprise both positive and negative regulatory elements, highlighting both the complexity and the importance of restricting DNA replication temporally and spatially. (wikipedia.org)
In bacteria, the duplication process of the often-circular chromosomes is initiated at a single origin per chromosome, resulting in two replication forks that traverse the chromosome in opposite directions. (frontiersin.org)
Tight coordination between transcription and translation has long been recognized as the hallmark of gene expression in bacteria. (bvsalud.org)
Initiate replication2
Our observations suggest that RctB has at least two DNA binding domains--one for binding to oriCII and initiating replication and the other for binding to rctA and thereby inhibiting RctB's ability to initiate replication. (nih.gov)
Kohiyama, therefore, sought mutants that failed to initiate replication at high temperatures and found two [ 6 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
Prokaryotes2
This can either involve the replication of DNA in living organisms such as prokaryotes and eukaryotes, or that of DNA or RNA in viruses, such as double-stranded RNA viruses. (wikipedia.org)
The concept of the replicator as a genetic entity has proven very useful in the quest to identify replicator DNA sequences and initiator proteins in prokaryotes, and to some extent also in eukaryotes, although the organization and complexity of replicators differ considerably between the domains of life. (wikipedia.org)
DnaA and Hyperstructure Dynamics in the Cell Cycle" Encyclopedia , https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/49596 (accessed December 02, 2023). (encyclopedia.pub)
Opposite directions1
In the elongation phase, replisomes travel in opposite directions with the replication forks, unwinding the DNA helix and synthesizing complementary daughter DNA strands using both parental strands as templates. (wikipedia.org)
Complement2
Propagation of the genetic material between generations requires timely and accurate duplication of DNA by semiconservative replication prior to cell division to ensure each daughter cell receives the full complement of chromosomes. (wikipedia.org)
41931) energy-coupling factor transport system substrate-specific component qrtT BBZA01000003 CDS ARMA_0065 complement(42026. (go.jp)
Genome6
The origin of replication (also called the replication origin) is a particular sequence in a genome at which replication is initiated. (wikipedia.org)
To ensure complete and accurate duplication of the entire genome and the correct flow of genetic information to progeny cells, all DNA replication events are not only tightly regulated with cell cycle cues but are also coordinated with other cellular events such as transcription and DNA repair. (wikipedia.org)
Transcription of all required genes has to take place simultaneously with genome duplication. (frontiersin.org)
In addition, the existing data also demonstrate that the replication fork trap in E. coli imposes significant constraints to genome duplication if ectopic origins are active. (frontiersin.org)
We describe the current models of how replication fork fusion events can cause serious problems for genome duplication, as well as models of how such problems might be alleviated both by a number of repair pathways as well as the replication fork trap system. (frontiersin.org)
In E. coli , overlapping cell cycles in fast growing cells allow an increase in genome equivalents and stationary cells contain only a single copy of the chromosome. (frontiersin.org)
Observations1
These observations, therefore, help make DnaA a candidate for the role of coordinator of the cell cycle. (encyclopedia.pub)
Mechanisms1
The coordination of cell growth and chromosome replication is achieved by mechanisms that are still being uncovered. (encyclopedia.pub)
Origins2
Synthesis of daughter strands starts at discrete sites, termed replication origins, and proceeds in a bidirectional manner until all genomic DNA is replicated. (wikipedia.org)
Previous studies have revealed that genes (and their products) that surround the origin of replication (oriCII) of Vibrio cholerae chromosome II (chrII) are critical for controlling the replication and segregation of this chromosome. (nih.gov)
Mutations1
These mutations were mapped to the same locus and the gene was called dnaA [ 7 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
Coordination1
During carbon downshift, a lack of stringent response in relA deficient strain leads to disruption of the transcription-translation coordination, thus compromising the transcription processivity and further the timely expression of related catabolic operons for utilizing secondary carbon sources. (bvsalud.org)
Origin2
Although the specific replication origin organization structure and recognition varies from species to species, some common characteristics are shared. (wikipedia.org)
The model postulates that a diffusible, trans-acting factor, a so-called initiator, interacts with a cis-acting DNA element, the replicator, to promote replication onset at a nearby origin. (wikipedia.org)
Events1
Despite the fundamental nature of these events, organisms have evolved surprisingly divergent strategies that control replication onset. (wikipedia.org)
Cell cycle1
A key prerequisite for DNA replication is that it must occur with extremely high fidelity and efficiency exactly once per cell cycle to prevent the accumulation of genetic alterations with potentially deleterious consequences for cell survival and organismal viability. (wikipedia.org)
Control1
Here, we explored how rctA exerts negative control over chrII replication. (nih.gov)
Negative1
By contrast, a model of negative regulation (analogous to the replicon-operator model for transcription) fails to explain the above findings. (wikipedia.org)