Analysis of mammary ductal growth and branching in 43 strains of inbred mice identified 20 QTL. (diethylstilbestrol.co.uk)
Effect of diet and occupational exposure in different rat strains on serum biomarkers and peripheral blood mononuclear cell telomere length: development of an animal model to examine the exposome. (cdc.gov)
Genetic contributions were assessed using three strains of male rats with different genetic backgrounds [Fischer-344 (F344), Sprague-Dawley (SD), Brown-Norway (BN)] maintained on a standard or high fat (HF) diet for 24 wk. (cdc.gov)
Generally, the exposome components of diet and WF exposure had the greater influence on the parameters measured compared to the changes associated with rat strain except for the body weight changes observed with the HF diet that were more pronounced in the inbred F344 and BN strains. (cdc.gov)
a half of the animals was supplemented with vitamin E. The results showed significant differences in the Se contents between the rat strains in case of Se-overdosed groups, where in the liver and kidney tissue Se contents of SHR rats exceeded 3- and 7-fold the normotensive ones. (bvsalud.org)
The F344/Stm rat is a parental strain of the LEXF/FXLE recombinant inbred (RI) strains. (nig.ac.jp)
Transplantation between genetically identical individuals, i.e., members of the same species with identical histocompatibility antigens, such as monozygotic twins, members of the same inbred strain, or members of a hybrid population produced by crossing certain inbred strains. (lookformedical.com)
Recombinant2
QTL associated with regression of testes induced by DES were identified on chromosomes 1 and 7 in recombinant inbred male rats. (diethylstilbestrol.co.uk)
Analysis of the lyp phenotype in the F344 DNA recombinant rats helped us define the critical lyp interval as a region of approximately 33 Kb between D4Rhw6 (76.83 Mb) and IIsnp3 (77.16 Mb) containing Gimap1 , Gimap5 , and Gimap3 (formerly known as Ian2 , Ian5 , and Ian4 , resp. (hindawi.com)
F3444
In rats, the F433 strain was most responsive in pituitary and uterine tissues, but DES-induced thymic regression was greatest in the SD strain compared to F344 and BN. (diethylstilbestrol.co.uk)
When pituitary weight was used as a phenotypic indicator of estrogen stimulated lactotroph proliferation, five QTL were identified upon characterization of DES treated female F2 progeny generated in an intercross between F344 and BN rats. (diethylstilbestrol.co.uk)
A second QTL, Eutr2 was mapped to the same region of chromosome 5 through characterization of DES treated congenic rats in which BN alleles across proximal chromosome 5 were introgressed onto the F344 genetic background. (diethylstilbestrol.co.uk)
The positional cloning and subsequent identification of the Gimap5 gene on RNO4 were in part established through generation of the DR. lyp congenic rat line along with recombination events following our method of marker assisted breeding of DP with F344 rats [ 2 , 4 , 5 ]. (hindawi.com)
Alleles3
The N2 rats that are determined by genotyping to be heterozygous along the target chromosome are then backcrossed for ∼4 to 8 generations [e.g., marker assister selection for rats with most SS (blue) alleles]. (comprehensivephysiology.com)
Next we analyzed the effects of the Folh1 alleles on folate and sulfur amino acid levels and consecutively on glucose and lipid metabolism using SHR-1 congenic sublines harboring either Folr1 BN and Folh1 SHR alleles or Folr1 SHR and Folh1 BN alleles. (bvsalud.org)
Our aim was to clone and sequence the cDNA of the BB diabetes prone (DP) and diabetes resistant (DR) alleles of all seven Gimap genes in the congenic DR. lyp rat line with 2 Mb of BB DP DNA introgressed onto the DR genetic background. (hindawi.com)
Brown Norway3
We report here the genome sequence of the Brown Norway (BN) rat strain. (nih.gov)
In the current study, we obtained evidence that Folh1 mRNA of the BN (Brown Norway) origin is weakly but significantly expressed in the small intestine. (bvsalud.org)
Accordingly, male Sprague-Dawley (SD) and Brown Norway (BN) rats were maintained on either regular (Reg) or high fat (HF) diets for 24wk. (cdc.gov)
Strain12
A separate set of rats from each strain were allowed to recover from WF exposure until the end of the 24 wk period. (cdc.gov)
These rats are then inbred to produce a stable inbred consomic strain with the substitution of one entire chromosome from the BN strain into the background of the SS strain. (comprehensivephysiology.com)
Example of reduced blood pressure salt sensitivity resulting from substitution of chromosome 13 from the BN into the SS/Mcwi strain (SS‐13 BN consomic rat). (comprehensivephysiology.com)
Conversely, substitution of chromosome 18 from SS to the BN strain (BN‐18 SS ) resulted in a relatively small increase in MAP in response to the high‐salt diet. (comprehensivephysiology.com)
Consomic rat panel in which each of the 20 autosomes and the X and Y chromosomes from the BN strain were transferred onto the SS genetic background. (comprehensivephysiology.com)
In the liver, SHR-1 congenic rats showed a significantly increased level of 5mTHF and decreased concentrations of dihydrofolate (DHF), tetrahydrofolate (THF) and formyl-THF when compared to the SHR strain. (bvsalud.org)
Compared with the SHR strain, congenic wild-type Folr1 rats had significantly higher levels of 5mTHF monoglutamate. (bvsalud.org)
These results strongly indicate that the whole body homeostasis of folates is substantially impaired in SHR rats compared to the SHR-1 congenic strain and might be contributing to the associated metabolic disturbances observed in our previous studies. (bvsalud.org)
Activities of antioxidant enzymes were determined in the animal tissues indicating different patterns according to rat strain, tissue analysed, and administered Se dose. (bvsalud.org)
The polymorphic rate of our 357 SSLP makers is 83% against BN/SsNHsd strain and 73% against LE/Stm strain. (nig.ac.jp)
EC development in BDII rats has similarities in pathogenesis, histopathological and molecular properties to human EC, and thus the inbred BDII strain represents a unique model for analysis of EC tumorigenesis [ 14 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Mammary tumors2
ACI rats also developed mammary tumors with chronic exposure to 17β-estradiol or DES. (diethylstilbestrol.co.uk)
A) Reduced susceptibility to DMBA‐induced mammary tumors in SS.BN2 consomic rats ( n = 14) compared with SS ( n = 40), as reported by Adamovic et al. (comprehensivephysiology.com)
Genomic2
BAC clones are available from RIKEN BioResource Center by NBRP Rat Genome Information Upgrading Program ( Kyoto University , RIKEN Genomic Sciences Center, and Comparative Genomics Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics ) in Japan. (nig.ac.jp)
DNA methylation is an epigenetic modification involved in regulatory processes such as cell differentiation during development, X-chromosome inactivation, genomic imprinting and susceptibility to complex disease. (upf-csic.es)
Mutations2
Changes in chromosome number may involve even larger mutations, where segments of the DNA within chromosomes break and then rearrange. (wikipedia.org)
Occupational hazards may alter telomere length homeostasis resulting in DNA damage, chromosome aberration, mutations, epigenetic alterations and inflammation. (cdc.gov)
Inhalation1
1976. Dichlorvos -- a 2-year inhalation carcinogenesis study in rats. (cdc.gov)
Genetic background1
rats, where 2 Mb of DP DNA was introgressed onto the BB diabetes resistant (DR) genetic background, are lymphopenic and 100% develop spontaneous T1D by 84 days of age [ 4 ]. (hindawi.com)
Alterations3
The most recurrent numerical alterations were gains in rat chromosome 4 (RNO4) and losses in RNO15. (biomedcentral.com)
At 7wk, HF-fed animals exhibited several immune alterations (blood leukocyte/neutrophil number, lymph node B-cell proportionality)-effects which were more pronounced in SD rats. (cdc.gov)
In BN rats, resolution of immune alterations was further compromised by HF diet, as many exposure-induced alterations in local/systemic immune markers were still evident in HF/WF animals at 24wk. (cdc.gov)
Genes3
As the majority of the genes are conserved among mammals, the use of inbred animal model systems may serve as a tool for identification of underlying genes and pathways involved in tumorigenesis in humans. (biomedcentral.com)
Positional cloning of lymphopenia ( lyp ) in the BB rat revealed a frameshift mutation in Gimap5 , a member of at least seven related GTPase Immune Associated Protein genes located on rat chromosome 4q24. (hindawi.com)
Gimap5 is a member of at least seven related GTPase Immune Associated Protein ( Gimap ) genes located within 150 Kilobases (Kb) on rat chromosome (RNO) 4 [ 2 , 3 ]. (hindawi.com)
Tissues1
Positions of QTL regulated responses to estrogens in 5 tissues in rats featured image credit figure/F1 . (diethylstilbestrol.co.uk)
Sequence1
The BN rat sequence is the third complete mammalian genome to be deciphered, and three-way comparisons with the human and mouse genomes resolve details of mammalian evolution. (nih.gov)
Exposure2
Rats were euthanized at 7, 12, and 24wk to evaluate local and systemic immune markers corresponding to the baseline, exposure, and recovery phases of the study, respectively. (cdc.gov)
Collectively, HF diet appeared to have a greater impact on global immune status and exposure-induced lung injury in SD rats, but a more pronounced effect on inflammation resolution in BN rats. (cdc.gov)
Evolution1
2023. Eighty million years of rapid evolution of the primate Y chromosome . (upf-csic.es)
Male2
Treatment with DES identified QTL influencing repression on chromosome 10 (Esta1) and chromosome 2 (Esta2 and Esta3) in a study using male F2 progeny from a BN x ACI intercross. (diethylstilbestrol.co.uk)
This yields offspring with an isogenic SS background for all but the target chromosome as shown in (B). Selected male and female rats are then mated resulting in approximately 25% of the offspring being homozygous for the chromosome of interest. (comprehensivephysiology.com)
Gene4
Our recent genetic analyses in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) revealed mutated Folr1 (folate receptor 1) on chromosome 1 as a quantitative trait gene associated with reduced folate levels, hypercysteinemia and metabolic disturbances. (bvsalud.org)
These results strongly suggest that, in addition to Folr1, the Folh1 gene also plays an important role in folate and sulfur amino acid levels and affects glucose and lipid metabolism in the rat. (bvsalud.org)
Our recent genetic analyses in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) revealed a mutated Folr1 (folate receptor 1) as the quantitative trait gene associated with diminished renal Folr1 expression, lower plasma folate levels, hypercysteinemia, hyperhomocysteinemia and metabolic disturbances. (bvsalud.org)
Gimap5 was identified as the lyp gene in the BBDP rat through a frameshift mutation and premature truncation of the Gimap5 protein [ 2 , 6 ] and can be rescued in a P1-derived artificial chromosome (PAC) transgenic rat [ 7 ]. (hindawi.com)
Regions1
Levels of dopamine, norepinephrine & 5-hydroxytryptamine in different regions of rat brain & spinal cord following chronic administration of organophosphate pesticide dichlorvos. (cdc.gov)
Contributions1
The laboratory rat (Rattus norvegicus) is an indispensable tool in experimental medicine and drug development, having made inestimable contributions to human health. (nih.gov)
Diabetes1
Lymphopenia ( lyp ) is a prerequisite for spontaneous type 1 diabetes (T1D) in the BioBreeding (BB) diabetes prone (DP) rat [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
Diet2
Shown is the mean arterial pressure (MAP) in conscious SS ( n = 18), SS‐13 BN ( n = 15), and BN ( n = 16) rats exposed to a high‐salt (4.0% NaCl) diet for 4 weeks. (comprehensivephysiology.com)
however, diet appeared to preferentially impact SD rats at this time point, as several inflammatory markers (lymph node cellularity, lung neutrophils) were further elevated in HF over Reg animals. (cdc.gov)
Separate1
this fusion did not occur in the lineage of the other apes, and they retain these separate chromosomes. (wikipedia.org)
Human1
C) The transgenically labeled human 231 Luc+ breast cancer cells were orthotopically implanted in the MFP (see dashed lines) of SS IL2R γ and SS.BN3 IL2R γ rats. (comprehensivephysiology.com)
Greatest1
Overall, SD rats exhibited the greatest capacity for recovery by 24wk. (cdc.gov)
Cell1
The ends of chromosomes shorten at each round of cell division, and this process is thought to be affected by occupational exposures. (cdc.gov)
Response2
In contrast, ACI rats have a persistent proliferative response to DES in mammary epithelium without a compensatory increase in apoptosis and was associated with extensive hyperplasia. (diethylstilbestrol.co.uk)
The normotensive (Wistar) and spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) rats were examined to assess the response of the organism to selenium (Se) overdose. (bvsalud.org)
Experimental1
In the present work we used spectral karyotyping (SKY) to identify cancer-related aberrations in a well-characterized experimental model for spontaneous endometrial carcinoma in the BDII rat tumor model. (biomedcentral.com)