GenesGenomeMitotic chromosomesChromosomalHumansTranslocationPreferentiallyLociPairsInactivationGenomicDetermined the phylogeneticLocusStructuresMolecularOrganizationOrganismRecombinationMutationDegradationMutationsLocationCopiesDeletionOccursNuclearHumanProteinsCellRegionResultsFoundLengthsTranscriptionCompleteResearchNamesMultipleDuplicationBloodMapsMale
Genes16
- Because researchers use different approaches to genome annotation , their predictions of the number of genes on each chromosome varies (for technical details, see gene prediction ). (wikipedia.org)
- The following is a partial list of genes on human chromosome 9. (wikipedia.org)
- X-chromosome inactivation in mammals is a regulatory phenomenon whereby one of the two X chromosomes in female cells is genetically inactivated, resulting in dosage compensation for X-linked genes between males and females. (ox.ac.uk)
- Therefore comparative genomic analysis of T . equi was undertaken to: 1) identify genes contributing to immune evasion and persistence in equid hosts, 2) identify genes involved in PBMC infection biology and 3) define the phylogenetic position of T . equi relative to sequenced apicomplexan parasites. (biomedcentral.com)
- Comparative genomic analysis of T . equi revealed the phylogenetic positioning relative to seven apicomplexan parasites using deduced amino acid sequences from 150 genes placed it as a sister taxon to Theileria spp . (biomedcentral.com)
- We introduce chromosome conformation capture protocols for brain and compare higher-order chromatin structures at the chromosome 6p22.2-22.1 schizophrenia and bipolar disorder susceptibility locus, and additional neurodevelopmental risk genes, (DPP10, MCPH1) in adult prefrontal cortex and various cell culture systems, including neurons derived from reprogrammed skin cells. (nih.gov)
- The discovery of sex-limited heredity revealed the association of Mendelian genes with chromosomes and the function of chromosomes in heredity. (wikisummaries.org)
- Gene organization in the bacterial chromosome has very well known effects on transcription and a standard example is the organization of genes into operons, which allows for a sophisticated regulation of gene expression [ 9 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
- It has also been shown that neighbouring genes in a bacterial chromosome tend to be co-expressed, even if they are not in the same operon [ 10 ], suggesting the existence of a "supra-operonic" organization [ 11 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
- Characterisation of breakpoints in patients with apparently balanced constitutional chromosome rearrangements and phenotypic abnormalities has proved an invaluable strategy for identifying disease causing genes, especially those on the X chromosome. (bmj.com)
- Chromosomes are structures within cells that contain a person's genes. (msdmanuals.com)
- Genes are contained in chromosomes, which are in the cell nucleus. (msdmanuals.com)
- A chromosome contains hundreds to thousands of genes. (msdmanuals.com)
- Protein synthesis is controlled by genes, which are contained on chromosomes. (msdmanuals.com)
- Chromosomes Genes are segments of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) that contain the code for a specific protein that functions in one or more types of cells in the body or the code for functional ribonucleic. (msdmanuals.com)
- A chromosome contains many genes. (msdmanuals.com)
Genome4
- These results provide empirical support for longstanding models of sex chromosome catalysis, and suggest an important role for sexual selection and sexual conflict in genome evolution. (nature.com)
- However, vast portions of the human genome are subject to transcriptional and epigenetic regulation, and many noncoding regulatory DNA elements are thought to regulate the spatial organization of interphase chromosomes. (nih.gov)
- Here, we show that chromosome conformation capture, a widely used approach to study higher-order chromatin, is applicable to tissue collected postmortem, thereby informing about genome organization in the human brain. (nih.gov)
- For example, growing evidence strongly suggests that transcription can interfere locally with genome duplication by DNA polymerases or with the SMC-driven 3D organization of chromosomes (Fig. 1). (ens-lyon.fr)
Mitotic chromosomes2
- At kinetochore-microtubule plus ends, the kinesin-8 family member Kif18A is essential to align mitotic chromosomes at the spindle equator during cell division, but how it accomplishes this function is unclear. (nih.gov)
- R-loops have also recently been linked to the formation of Common Fragile Sites (CFS) on mitotic chromosomes. (ens-lyon.fr)
Chromosomal5
- Conservation between man and mouse of chromosomal position and unique expression exclusively from the inactive X chromosome lends support to the hypothesis that XIST and its mouse homologue are involved in X-chromosome inactivation. (ox.ac.uk)
- The centromere is an essential chromosomal region required for accurate chromosome segregation. (researchgate.net)
- These syndromes result from the loss of chromosomal material from the short arm of chromosome 11. (medscape.com)
- The pathogenic germline deletion of varying lengths of chromosomal material along the short arm of chromosome 11, including WT1 and PAX6 , is the underlying defect. (medscape.com)
- WAGR syndrome is caused by the contiguous loss of chromosomal material from the short arm of chromosome 11. (medscape.com)
Humans2
- fChromosome 9 is one of the 23 pairs of chromosomes in humans . (wikipedia.org)
- Humans normally have two copies of this chromosome, as they normally do with all chromosomes. (wikipedia.org)
Translocation5
- We report here that the mouse Xist gene maps to the Xic region of the mouse X chromosome and, using an interspecific Mus spretus/Mus musculus domesticus F1 hybrid mouse carrying the T(X;16)16H translocation, show that Xist is exclusively expressed from the inactive X chromosome. (ox.ac.uk)
- This is the process we have studied most intensively, but we are also interested in an alternative process known as break-induced replication (BIR), where only one end of a chromosome break locates a template sequence and assembles a complete replication fork and can copy sequences to the end of a chromosome, producing a nonreciprocal translocation. (brandeis.edu)
- To investigate the possibility that a novel candidate gene for XLMR was disrupted at the X chromosome translocation breakpoint, we mapped the breakpoint using fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH). (bmj.com)
- Intriguingly, we found that the X chromosome breakpoint in the daughter could not be defined by a single breakpoint spanning genomic clone and further analysis showed a 650 kb submicroscopic duplication between DXS7067 and DXS7060 on either side of the X chromosome translocation breakpoint. (bmj.com)
- However, other mechanisms of disease causation have also been described where (1) a breakpoint disrupts or alters gene expression via a position effect 7 or (2) a cryptic deletion or duplication is identified at the translocation breakpoint. (bmj.com)
Preferentially2
- We have shown that this regulation involves the action of a small Recombination Enhancer (RE) sequence that enables a donor on the left chromosome arm to recombine preferentially in MATa cells. (brandeis.edu)
- Replication studies in the mother and daughter showed a skewed X inactivation pattern in lymphocytes, with the normal X chromosome preferentially inactivated. (bmj.com)
Loci3
- Therefore, in this system, current models of sex chromosome evolution predict that recombination would be selected against between the sex determining locus and linked loci involved in colouration. (nature.com)
- This process would shrink the pseudoautosomal region in favour of expanding X- and Y-specific regions, creating a male supergene on the Y chromosome containing multiple colouration loci and thereby resolving sexually antagonistic selection. (nature.com)
- It is still unclear however whether or not such a localized accumulation of condensin at discrete loci has an impact on the condensin-driven reorganization of chromosomes in mitosis. (ens-lyon.fr)
Pairs4
- Chromosome 9 spans about 150 million base pairs of nucleic acids (the building blocks of DNA ) and represents between 4.0 and 4.5% of the total DNA in cells . (wikipedia.org)
- Meanwhile, researchers had discovered an odd-shaped chromosome (all other chromosomes occurred in similarly shaped pairs) that seemed to be related to male sex (now called the Y chromosome). (wikisummaries.org)
- Every normal human cell contains 23 pairs of chromosomes, for a total of 46 chromosomes. (msdmanuals.com)
- Except for certain cells (for example, sperm and egg cells and red blood cells), the cell nucleus contains 23 pairs of chromosomes. (msdmanuals.com)
Inactivation1
- In both man and mouse, X-chromosome inactivation is thought to proceed from a single cis-acting switch region or inactivation centre (XIC/Xic). (ox.ac.uk)
Genomic1
- Past genomic studies have comprehensively described the organization of the bacterial chromosome, for example in terms of gene localization, order and orientation. (biomedcentral.com)
Determined the phylogenetic1
- In this study, we determined the phylogenetic position of recently defined markers (L127, KL1, KL2, P164, and PK4) in the background of Haplogroup O. In the revised tree, subgroup O3a-M324 is divided into two main subclades, O3a1-L127 and O3a2-P201, covering about 20 and 35% of Han Chinese people, respectively. (molgen.org)
Locus1
- The dominant theoretical model for the early stages of sex chromosome evolution 3 , 4 , 5 predicts that recombination will be selected against in the region between a sex determining gene and a nearby locus with alleles of sex-specific effect. (nature.com)
Structures1
- Chromosomes-which appear as stringlike structures within cells-had been discovered by cell researchers in the 1850's. (wikisummaries.org)
Molecular2
- Molecular phylogenetic analyses indicate an intermediate position for T . equi between B . bovis and Theileria spp. (biomedcentral.com)
- Using synchronized cells undergoing recombination that is initiated at a specific site on a chromosome by an inducible endonuclease, we use physical monitoring techniques (Southern blots, PCR analysis) to follow the sequence of molecular events that occur in real time. (brandeis.edu)
Organization2
- Introduction to the organization * Include a description of the company, Institute/Center, and/or research group in which the position is located. (nih.gov)
- This organization of the chromosome can be described as being an adaptive and functional tool, essential for the survival of the bacterial cell. (biomedcentral.com)
Organism2
Recombination4
- Sex chromosomes evolve once recombination is halted between a homologous pair of chromosomes. (nature.com)
- The dominant model of sex chromosome evolution posits that recombination is suppressed between emerging X and Y chromosomes in order to resolve sexual conflict. (nature.com)
- Sex chromosomes are typically thought to evolve as recombination is halted between a homologous pair of chromosomes in one sex. (nature.com)
- Although we have a detailed understanding of the evolutionary consequences of the loss of recombination for sex chromosome evolution 1 , 2 , we still do not understand the evolutionary forces acting to halt recombination in the first place. (nature.com)
Mutation1
- 3] Mutation at position 20210 of the gene results in thrombophilia. (medscape.com)
Degradation1
- We show that although the nascent Y chromosome encompasses nearly half of the linkage group, there has been no perceptible degradation of Y chromosome gene content or activity. (nature.com)
Mutations5
- Despite highly aberrant nuclear distributions of A-type lamins and emerin in lymphoblastoid cell lines derived from patients with emerin or lamin A mutations, little or no change in chromosome location was detected. (portlandpress.com)
- X-linked hypophosphatemic rickets and autosomal recessive hypophosphatemic rickets are the result of mutations in PHEX (a phosphate-regulating gene with homologies to endopeptidases on the X chromosome) and dentin matrix protein 1 ( DMP1 ), respectively. (medscape.com)
- Severe clinical syndromes (sometimes referred to as the connatal forms of Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease) are typically caused by missense and other small mutations that affect critical positions in PLP1 , whereas the milder spastic paraplegia syndrome is caused by mutations that presumably affect less critical regions of the protein. (medscape.com)
- The most common mutations that cause Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease are duplications of a region of the X chromosome that includes the entire PLP1 gene. (medscape.com)
- In most cases, Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease is caused by mutations of PLP1 on the long arm of the X chromosome (Xq22). (medscape.com)
Location2
- There are a number of inner nuclear envelope proteins that may have roles in chromosome location and anchorage, e.g. emerin and A-type lamins. (portlandpress.com)
- occurs near the middle of the chromosome at a location designated q11.2. (medlineplus.gov)
Copies1
- The inheritance of 22q11.2 duplication is considered autosomal dominant because the duplication affects one of the two copies of chromosome 22 in each cell. (medlineplus.gov)
Deletion1
- Subject A has a large deletion on chromosome 11 that removes one copy of the BDNF gene. (medscape.com)
Occurs1
- The highly-conserved SMC complex condensin drives the abrupt and complete reorganization of chromosomes that occurs in early mitosis. (ens-lyon.fr)
Nuclear1
- Gene-poor human chromosomes are reproducibly found at the nuclear periphery in proliferating cells. (portlandpress.com)
Human4
- These are some of the gene count estimates of human chromosome 9. (wikipedia.org)
- The recently described human XIST gene maps to the XIC region and seems to be expressed only from the inactive X chromosome. (ox.ac.uk)
- The conclusions, findings, and opinions expressed by authors contributing to this journal do not necessarily reflect the official position of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, the Public Health Service, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or the authors' affiliated institutions. (cdc.gov)
- 18- 21 Xq28 is a highly gene rich region of the human X chromosome and we focused on the X chromosome breakpoint as the identification of a disrupted gene here would be a rapid way to identify a further candidate gene for X linked mental retardation within Xq28. (bmj.com)
Proteins1
- Hydropathy profile studies have shown that NRG3 lacks a hydrophobic N-terminal signal sequence common in secreted proteins, but contains a region of non-polar or uncharged amino acids in position (W66-V91). (wikipedia.org)
Cell1
- DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is the cell's genetic material, contained in chromosomes within the cell nucleus and mitochondria. (msdmanuals.com)
Region2
- Using replicate wild populations with differing levels of sexually antagonistic selection for colour, we also show that sexual selection leads to greater expansion of the non-recombining region and increased Y chromosome divergence. (nature.com)
- Approximately 60-70% of cases of Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease result from duplications of the region of the X chromosome that contains PLP1 (caused, it has been proposed, by defective deoxyribonucleic acid [DNA] replication). (medscape.com)
Results1
- In poor rooms, results are always produced terms social to the epub Genetic resources, chromosome engineering, and crop improvement, Grain Legumes, assembled to get and export them. (literary-liaisons.com)
Found1
- The prothrombin gene is found at 11p11-q12) on chromosome 11. (medscape.com)
Lengths1
- Linear regression was used to estimate associations of occupational characteristics with telomere lengths after adjustment for age, sex, race, socioeconomic position and several behavioural risk factors. (cdc.gov)
Transcription1
- In particular, we investigate: how the efficiency of RNA polymerase elongation can influence the distribution of the SMC complex condensin during mitotic chromosome condensation and, how the transcription by-product R-loop can interfere with chromosome integrity. (ens-lyon.fr)
Complete1
- To submit a position for posting on the OITE website, please complete the following survey. (nih.gov)
Research2
- The new position would allow Morgan more time for laboratory research. (wikisummaries.org)
- now, as I are potentially to stock an Engage SF epub Genetic resources, chromosome engineering, and crop at the way that I have this painting competition, I will admittedly lead commercial to shape the connections of my research for Planet Janitor. (literary-liaisons.com)
Names1
- Now we save locations in a filematrix and create a text file with chromosome names. (bioconductor.org)
Multiple1
- For epub Genetic resources, chromosome, Laura Macleod mirrored have a Sexuality Studies market, but after scholarly multiple company, different citizens was chaired. (literary-liaisons.com)
Duplication1
- 22q11.2 duplication is a condition caused by an extra copy of a small piece of chromosome 22. (medlineplus.gov)
Blood2
- The ABO gene , which determines ABO blood type , is located on the long arm of this chromosome. (wikipedia.org)
- Materials and methods: For the dicentric chromosome assay (DCA), blood tubes were located at anthropomorphic phantoms positioned in different geometries and were irradiated with a 1.36 TBq 192 Ir-source. (lu.se)
Maps2
Male1
- Sex-limited heredity[Sex limited heredity] The Mendelian factor, or gene, that determined white eyes was located on the same chromosome as the gene that determined male sex, or, as it turned out, on the male chromosome. (wikisummaries.org)