Chromosome paints. Medical search. Frequent questions

Hybridization of various chicken probes to two different chromosomes or to only the short or long chromosome arm of one chromosome pair in the species representing the orders Passeriformes, Strigiformes, and Columbiformes revealed translocations and chromosome fissions during species radiation. (kent.ac.uk)
Thus comparative analysis with chicken chromosome-specific painting probes proves to be a rapid and comprehensive approach to elucidate the chromosomal relationships of the extant birds. (kent.ac.uk)
This was achieved through the use of comparative chromosome painting (CCP) which hybridises fluorescent, chromosome-specific probes derived from B. distachyon to homoeologous meiotic chromosomes of its close relatives. (aber.ac.uk)
Combinatorial chromosome painting techniques such as multiplex fluorescence in situ hybridization (mFISH) or Spectral Karyotyping (SKY) follow basic fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) procedures but use combinations of fluorochromes to label probes to specific chromosomes in such a way that each chromosome is painted with a unique signal. (utmb.edu)
Human chromosome-specific probes for the entire karyotype were hybridized to metaphase spreads of the Atlantic bottlenose dolphin, Tursiops truncatus, to directly compare the evolutionary conservation of chromosomal segments between these two distantly related species. (tamu.edu)
Mus and Peromyscus chromosome homology established by FISH with three mouse paint probes. (tamu.edu)
Fluorescence-labeled DNA probes constructed from three whole house mouse (Mus domesticus) chromosomes were hybridized to metaphase spreads from deer mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus) to identify homologies between the species. (tamu.edu)
Here, using double-label fluorescence in situ hybridization for the autosome chromosome 21 (chromosome 21 point probes combined with chromosome 21 "paint" probes), along with immunocytochemistry and cell sorting, we present evidence for chromosome gain and loss in the human brain. (jneurosci.org)
FISH "paint" probes against the whole q arm of chromosome 21 and a point probe against a region on the q arm of 21 (21q22.13-q22.2) were obtained from Vysis (Downer's Grove, IL). (jneurosci.org)
Centromere Enumeration Probes (sub-CEPs) from KromaTiD are available for all human chromosomes as standard products. (biocat.com)
Telomeric Probes (sub-Telos) from KromaTiD are available for the p- and q-arms of all human chromosomes as standard products, other sequenced species are available by request. (biocat.com)
Pinkel D., Detection of aneuploidy and aneuploidy-inducing agents in human lymphocytes using fluorescence in situ hybridization with chromosome specific DNA probes, Mutat. (gse-journal.org)
Eastmond D.A., Rupa D.S., Hasegawa L.S., Detection of hyperdiploidy and chromosome breakage in interphase human lymphocytes following exposure to the benzene metabolite hydroquinone using multicolor fluorescence in situ hybridization with DNA probes, Mutat. (gse-journal.org)

We have used comparative genomic hybridisation to analyse 19 constitutional chromosome abnormalities detected by G band analysis, including seven deletions, five supernumerary marker chromosomes, two interstitial duplications, and five chromosomes presenting with abnormal terminal banding patterns. (bmj.com)
Others have applied CGH to the study of constitutional chromosome abnormalities detected postnatally. (bmj.com)
Although the structural chromosome abnormalities in these cases were too small to identify the origin of the extra genomic material based on banding pattern, none of the abnormalities described by these authors can be considered to be subtle or cryptic. (bmj.com)
Few sex-autosome chromosome abnormalities have been documented in domestic animal species. (karger.com)
In humans, Y-autosome chromosome abnormalities may occur at a rate of 1/2,000 live births, whereas in the domestic pig only 2 Y-autosome reciprocal translocations have been previously described. (karger.com)
Abnormalities that affect autosomes (the 22 paired chromosomes that are alike in males and females) are more common than those that affect sex chromosomes (X and Y). (msdmanuals.com)
Numerical abnormalities may involve a part of, or the entire, chromosome. (msdmanuals.com)

Chromosome 2 deletions or duplications that cause MAND lead to an abnormal amount of MBD5 protein. (medlineplus.gov)
It is also unknown whether the loss or gain of other genes in chromosome 2 deletions or duplications contribute to the features of MAND. (medlineplus.gov)
You can use random sequence oligonucleotides to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) as well as small scale chromosome events, primarily insertions or deletions [ 5,6 ]. (idtdna.com)

Mechanistically, the CIP2A-TOPBP1 complex prematurely associates with DNA lesions within ruptured micronuclei during interphase, which poises pulverized chromosomes for clustering upon mitotic entry. (nature.com)

As a result the two subtelomeric ends became the middle of chromosome 2, which is why we get hybridization of the probe there. (washington.edu)
Chromosome 21 was chosen for examination because of the availability of trisomy 21 cells ( Bhattacharyya and Svendsen, 2003 ) that could serve as a positive control for fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). (jneurosci.org)
The overall aim of this project was to develop the technique of chromosomal in situ suppression (CISS) hybridization using whole chromosome specific libraries (chromosome painting) and to apply it to the investigation of diagnostic problems in clinical cytogenetics. (gla.ac.uk)
Hybridization when carried out at 37C for 15 to 20 hours showed good hybridization with chromosome morphology undisturbed. (gla.ac.uk)
Prebanding of slides prior to hybridization did not affect the target chromosomes, however, incomplete destaining did hinder probe penetration and interfere with counterstaining. (gla.ac.uk)
In general, the technical difficulties were related to either probe preparation, poor hybridization, non-homogeneous painting or high background but with modifications of the parameters as detailed above the method was shown to be reliable and reproducible. (gla.ac.uk)
Spectral karyotyping analysis (also called chromosome painting) uses chromosome-specific multicolor fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) techniques that improve the visibility of certain defects, including translocations and inversions. (msdmanuals.com)

Fluorescence in situ hybridisation for X and Y chromosomes was used to determine the gender of infiltrating leukocytes in the chorion and amnion. (nih.gov)
Translocations in peripheral blood lymphocytes were scored by using fluorescence in situ hybridisation whole-chromosome painting. (cambridge.org)

In a Zoo-FISH study chicken autosomal chromosome paints 1 to 9 (GGA1-GGA9) were hybridized to metaphase spreads of nine diverse birds belonging to primitive and modern orders. (kent.ac.uk)

This image shows chromosomes with fluorescent R-bands. (washington.edu)
In classical banding (eg, G [Giemsa]-banding, Q [fluorescent]-banding, and C-banding), a dye is used to stain bands on the chromosomes. (msdmanuals.com)

We examined the intakes of these B vitamins and their food sources in relation to the frequency of chromosome translocations as a biomarker of cumulative DNA damage, in eighty-two male airline pilots. (cambridge.org)
Toward determining the presence of constitutional aneuploidy in the human brain, we report here an analysis of the frequency of chromosome 21 gain and loss among neurons and non-neuronal cells isolated from the cerebral cortex and hippocampus of normal individuals ranging from 2 to 86 years of age. (jneurosci.org)

Humans normally have 46 chromosomes in each cell, divided into 23 pairs. (medlineplus.gov)

Reverse chromosome painting: a method for the rapid analysis of aberrant chromosomes in clinical cytogenetics. (bmj.com)

Striking homologies in the chromosomes of the different species were noted, indicating a high degree of evolutionary conservation in avian karyotypes. (kent.ac.uk)
In two species, the quail and the goose, all chicken paints specifically labeled their corresponding chromosomes. (kent.ac.uk)
In three pheasant species as well as in the American rhea and blackbird, GGA4 hybridized to chromosome 4 and additionally to a single pair of microchromosomes. (kent.ac.uk)
It is a member of a genus with fewer than 20 species, which have different genome sizes, basic chromosome numbers and ploidy levels. (aber.ac.uk)
The southern painted turtle (C. dorsalis) is alternately considered the only other species in Chrysemys, or another subspecies of C. picta. (wikipedia.org)
The painted turtle (C. picta) is the only species in the genus Chrysemys. (wikipedia.org)
Four subspecies were then recognized: the eastern by Schneider in 1783, the western by Gray in 1831, and the midland and southern by Louis Agassiz in 1857, though the southern painted turtle is now generally considered a full species. (wikipedia.org)
In the related fruitfly species Drosophila busckii , POF paints the whole X chromosome, exclusively in males. (the-scientist.com)

Chromosome 4 of Drosophila melanogaster is an atypical autosome, exhibiting several features characteristic of the X chromosome. (the-scientist.com)
Thomas Hunt Morgan, American zoologist and geneticist, famous for his experimental research with the fruit fly (Drosophila) by which he established the chromosome theory of heredity. (papercritters.com)

report the molecular cloning of Painting of fourth (Pof), which encodes a protein that specifically paints chromosome 4 (Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2001, 98:6273-6278). (the-scientist.com)
Here especially highlighted variations of FISH are molecular combing, chromosome orientation-FISH (CO-FISH), telomere-FISH, parental origin determination FISH (POD-FISH), FISH to resolve the nuclear architecture, multicolor-FISH (mFISH) approaches, among other applied in chromoanagenesis studies, Comet-FISH, and CRISPR-mediated FISH-applications. (frontiersin.org)
Chromosomal identification of marker chromosomes and extra bands on chromosomes through molecular techniques is always of clinical interest. (bmj.com)

Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and reverse chromosome painting showed that one case arose from an interstitial or terminal deletion and two from the de novo inheritance of derivative translocation chromosomes. (nih.gov)

Whole chromosome painting by FISH analysis corroborated the reciprocal nature of the chromosomal exchanges between the Y chromosome and SSC13. (karger.com)
Additionally, the model was used to scale chromosomal exchanges in two or three chromosomes that were obtained from whole-chromosome FISH painting analysis techniques to whole-genome equivalent values. (bioone.org)

These studies implicate a potential mechanism suppressing the loss of genetic material after chromosome pulverization, although how distinct patterns of rearrangements arise in cancer and germline disorders remains unclear. (nature.com)
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Identifying genes on each chromosome is an active area of genetic research. (medlineplus.gov)
2q37 deletion syndrome is caused by a deletion of genetic material near the end of the long (q) arm of chromosome 2, at a location designated 2q37. (medlineplus.gov)
Genetic changes on the q arm of chromosome 2 have been found to cause SATB2 -associated syndrome. (medlineplus.gov)
We did genetic testing on Kai when he was a few months old, but they said it was still just a chromosome 7 inversion. (lovewhatmatters.com)

Such signals are captured with image analysis systems allowing the construction of karyotypes with each chromosome unambiguously identified. (utmb.edu)
This chapter will describe methods that can be used to analyze the results obtained in mFISH karyotypes particularly with relation to complex chromosome exchanges. (utmb.edu)
CGH has been widely applied to detect gains and losses of DNA sequences on specific chromosomes in the study of solid tumours, 1 but has not been extensively used to study unbalanced constitutional karyotypes. (bmj.com)
Constitutional chromosome studies involving conventional GTG band cytogenetic analysis, however, often show unbalanced karyotypes which cannot be fully defined because the extra material is too small to have a recognisable banding pattern. (bmj.com)

Homologies between human and dolphin chromosomes detected by heterologous chromosome painting. (tamu.edu)

This study supports the idea that there are similarities between the chromosome 4 autosome and the X chromosome. (the-scientist.com)

The maintenance of a single centromere per chromosome is critical for establishing bipolar microtubule attachments to the mitotic spindle and achieving high-fidelity genome segregation 17 . (nature.com)

Here we tracked micronucleated chromosomes with live-cell imaging and show that acentric fragments cluster in close spatial proximity throughout mitosis for asymmetric inheritance by a single daughter cell. (nature.com)
The stochastic inheritance of chromosome fragments by both newly formed daughter cells could in part contribute to the alternating DNA copy-number states that are characteristic of chromothripsis 2 . (nature.com)

Reconstructing the evolution of Brachypodium genomes using comparative chromosome painting. (aber.ac.uk)

As each chromosome contains a single centromere, it remains unclear how acentric fragments derived from shattered chromosomes are inherited between daughter cells during mitosis 6 . (nature.com)
The Pinpoint FISH TP53/CEP 17 Probe Kit is intended to detect the copy number of the LSI TP53 probe target located at chromosome 17q11.1 and of the CEP 17 probe target located at the centromere of chromosome 17. (biocat.com)

Here we show that pulverized chromosomes from micronuclei spatially cluster throughout mitosis and identify the CIP2A-TOPBP1 complex as an essential regulator of this process. (nature.com)
A karyotype analysis involves blocking cells in mitosis during metaphase and staining the condensed chromosomes. (msdmanuals.com)

This image shows a probe for the Xist gene, on the X chromosome. (washington.edu)
The cell biology of a novel chromosomal RNA: chromosome painting by XIST/Xist RNA initiates a remodeling cascade. (umassmed.edu)

The allotetraploids arise by interspecific hybridisation and chromosome doubling between B. distachyon and other diploids. (aber.ac.uk)
We discuss internal quality control measures, such as the mismatching of test and reference DNA in order to assess the quality of the competitive hybridisation effect on the X chromosome. (bmj.com)

All human chromosomal paints, except the Y probe, hybridized to Tursiops counterparts, and every dolphin chromosome was painted except for the smallest submetacentric pair. (tamu.edu)
A comparison with ape chromosomes shows that the human chromosome 2 is the result of an end to end fusion of two ancestral chromosomes. (washington.edu)
Chromosome 2 is the second largest human chromosome, spanning about 243 million building blocks of DNA (base pairs) and representing almost 8 percent of the total DNA in cells. (medlineplus.gov)
Chromosome 21 aneuploid cells constitute ∼4% of the estimated one trillion cells in the human brain and include non-neuronal cells and postmitotic neurons identified by the neuronspecific nuclear protein marker. (jneurosci.org)
2] Jimmie Durham, The names of the team of scientists who submitted an article on the human chromosome 14 in Nature magazine , 2003. (e-flux.com)
Whole Chromosome Pinpoint FISH Paints from KromaTiD are available for all human chromosomes as standard products. (biocat.com)

1990. Chromosome aberration and sister chromatid exchange test results with 42 chemicals. (cdc.gov)
Aneuploidy is defined as the loss and/or gain of chromosomes to produce a numerical deviation from multiples of the haploid chromosomal complement ( King and Stansfield, 1990 ). (jneurosci.org)

Furthermore, in the pheasants fission of the ancestral galliform chromosome 2 could be documented. (kent.ac.uk)

KromaTiD sub-CEPs make use of pericentric non-repetitive genomic DNA to provide a uniform signal from chromosome to chromosome. (biocat.com)
Libert F., Lefort A., Okimoto R., Womack J., Georges M., Construction of a bovine genomic library of large yeast artificial chromosome clones, Genomics 18 (1993) 270-276. (gse-journal.org)

In most chromosomes these areas are subtelomeric, i.e. near the end of the chromosomes, but in chromosome 2 (bottom, left) we see that the probe has hybridized to the middle of the chromosome. (washington.edu)
Difficulties were encountered in preparing the working library probe from the chromosome 21 specific library and a major part of the work involved solving these problems. (gla.ac.uk)
Once homogeneous painting had been achieved the probe was applied for chromosome painting. (gla.ac.uk)

These systems allow chromosomal analysis in great detail and are particularly useful for the detection of complex chromosome exchanges that originate from three or more breaks. (utmb.edu)

A single amplification cycle was sufficient to enhance the decoration of chromosome 21. (gla.ac.uk)

Bahri-Darwich I., Vaiman D., Olsaker I., Oustry A., Cribiu E.P., Assignment of bovine synteny groups U27 and U8 to R-banded chromosome 12 and 27, respectively, Hereditas 120 (1994) 261-265. (gse-journal.org)

In particular, G band analysis usually does not show the chromosomal origin of small marker chromosomes or of a small amount of extra material detected on otherwise normal chromosomes. (bmj.com)
High-resolution chromosome analysis uses special culture methods to obtain a high percentage of prophase and prometaphase spreads. (msdmanuals.com)
The chromosomes are less condensed than in routine metaphase analysis, and the number of identifiable bands is expanded, allowing a more sensitive karyotype analysis. (msdmanuals.com)

POF complexes may function like the Male Lethal Specific proteins, which regulate dosage-compensation of the X chromosome. (the-scientist.com)
Eggen A., Solinas T.S., Fries R.A., Cosmid specific for sequences encoding a microtubule associated protein, MAPIB, contains a polymorphic microsatellite and maps to bovine chromosome 20q14, J. Hered. (gse-journal.org)

Because researchers use different approaches to predict the number of genes on each chromosome, the estimated number of genes varies. (medlineplus.gov)
Chromosome 2 likely contains 1,200 to 1,300 genes that provide instructions for making proteins. (medlineplus.gov)
He showed that genes are linked in a series on chromosomes and are â ¦ He was talented enough to have three of his painting exhibited at the Royal Academy by the age of 17 only. (papercritters.com)

The segments (scutes) of the top shell have pale leading edges and occur in straight rows across the back, unlike all other North American turtles, including the other three subspecies of painted turtle, which have alternating segments. (wikipedia.org)

The main part deals with examples of modern FISH-applications, highlighting unique possibilities of the approach, like the possibility to study individual cells and even individual chromosomes. (frontiersin.org)

Karyotype: The full set of chromosomes in a person's cells. (msdmanuals.com)
Chromosomes from single cells are photographed, and their images are arranged, forming a karyotype. (msdmanuals.com)

Cai L., Taylor J. F., Wing R.A., Gallagher D.S., Woo S.S., Davis S.K., Construction and characterization of a bovine bacterial artifical chromosome library, Genomics 29 (1995) 413-425. (gse-journal.org)

Smokers produce sperm with the wrong number of chromosomes, a DNA error that leads to miscarriages and Down Syndrome . (susansmithjones.com)

The study then progressed into the development of the chromosome painting technique. (gla.ac.uk)
If you study his work and meet him in person, that extra chromosome is anything but. (state.gov)

Loss (deletion) or gain (duplication) of a small piece of chromosome 2 at position q23.1 can cause MBD5 -associated neurodevelopmental disorder (MAND). (medlineplus.gov)

Two copies of chromosome 2, one copy inherited from each parent, form one of the pairs. (medlineplus.gov)
The following chromosomal conditions are associated with changes in the structure or number of copies of chromosome 2. (medlineplus.gov)

Painted turtles primarily feed while in water and are able to locate and subdue prey even in heavily clouded conditions. (wikipedia.org)

Down syndrome is a condition in which a child is born with an extra copy on their 21st chromosome. (worldpressphoto.org)
This incredible child, who is both Japanese and American, carries an extra chromosome, which some consider a disability. (state.gov)
Aneuploidy: The most common chromosomal abnormality caused by an extra or missing chromosome. (msdmanuals.com)

RNA molecules found in the nucleus either associated with chromosomes or in the nucleoplasm. (umassmed.edu)

Anatomy45

Diseases9

Chemicals and Drugs4

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment5

Phenomena and Processes62

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Humanities1

Information Science2

Health Care1

Probes13

Abnormalities7

Deletions3

Interphase1

Hybridization7

Fluorescence2

Hybridized to metaphase spreads1

Fluorescent2

Frequency of chromosome2

Humans1

Cytogenetics1

Species8

Drosophila2

Molecular3

Translocation1

Chromosomal exchanges2

Genetic14

Karyotypes4

Homologies1

Autosome1

Segregation1

Inheritance2

Comparative1

Centromere2

Mitosis2

Xist2

Hybridisation2

Human6

19902

Ancestral1

Genomic2

Probe3

Exchanges1

Amplification1

Synteny1

Analysis3

Specific2

Genes3

Segments1

Fish1

Karyotype2

Characterization1

Sperm1

Study2

Deletion1

Copies2

Primarily1

Extra3

Nucleus1