• The induction of structural chromosome aberrations was evaluated in vitro in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, incubated for 2 h with and for 8 - 12 h without a metabolic activation system (S9-mix from rats treated with Aroclor 1245). (europa.eu)
  • Therefore, under the conditions of the study, the test substance did not show clastogenic activity in the chromosomal aberration test with and without metabolic activation performed in CHO cells in vitro. (europa.eu)
  • An in vitro mammalian chromosome aberration test was performed with Castor oil (CAS No. 8001-79-4) in Chinese hamster Ovary (CHO) cells (Irwin, NTP report 1992). (europa.eu)
  • In this case, possible clastogenicity is examined in an in vitro and in vivo chromosome aberration study and therefore not considered necessary in the Ames test. (europa.eu)
  • Moreover, a reliable in vitro study (Murie and Innes, 1997 K3 CSR) is available in which the potential of LAS Na to cause chromosomal aberrations in mammalian cells was examined. (europa.eu)
  • The first group includes papers describing structural changes of the chromosomes produced by LSD in vitro , ** in these experiments various concentrations of LSD are added to cultures of cells from human, animal, or plant tissues in a test-tube. (druglibrary.net)
  • This has been shown for intrauterine insemination (IUI), in vitro fertilization (IVF), and ICSI, and increased incidences of chromosomal abnormalities, minor and major birth defects, or early childhood cancers, particularly in the male offspring, have been linked to these procedures [ 8 - 16 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • When in vitro experimental models are exposed to ATZ, they are faced with increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), cytotoxicity and decreased growth rate at dosages that may vary with cell types. (frontiersin.org)
  • Since nuclear swelling (NS hereafter) has been frequently observed in chromosomal aberration (CA hereafter) tests (in vitro), the relationship between NS and CAs was investigated in this study. (biomedcentral.com)
  • An in vitro mammalian chromosome aberration test with the SALATRIM (short- and long-chain acyl triglyceride molecules) family of triacylglycerols was performed similar to OECD guideline 473 in Chinese hamster Ovary (CHO) cells (Hayes et al. (europa.eu)
  • The genetic controversy about LSD started in 1967 when Cohen, Marinello and Back (22) published a paper suggesting that LSD should be added to the list of substances capable of causing abnormalities in the chromosomes. (druglibrary.net)
  • This advanced technique uses two or more fluorescent dyes to stain chromosomes in order to detect abnormalities. (go.jp)
  • The chromosomal abnormalities were diagnosed by chorion villus sampling which was carried out because screening of the pregnancies by a combination of maternal age and fetal nuchal translucency thickness at 10-14 weeks of gestation identified them as being at increased risk. (nih.gov)
  • It is postulated that narrowing of the aortic isthmus may be the basis of increased nuchal translucency thickness in all four chromosomal abnormalities. (nih.gov)
  • Molecular genetic abnormalities preceding, or occurring during, BC include overexpression of the BCR/ABL transcript, upregulation of the EVI1 gene, increased telomerase activity, and mutations of the tumor suppressor genes RB1, TP53, and CDKN2A. (lu.se)
  • The prognostic significance of the secondary genetic changes is not uniform, although abnormalities involving chromosome 17, e.g., i(17q), have repeatedly been shown to be ominous. (lu.se)
  • It is observed that both biological effects and epidemiological effects appear to be the same or very similar from ELF exposure and from RF/MW exposures, including calcium ion efflux, melatonin reduction, DNA strand breakage, chromosome aberrations, leukaemia, brain cancer, breast cancer, miscarriage and neurological effects. (whale.to)
  • This includes DNA strand breakage, chromosome aberrations, increased oncogene activity in cells, reduced melatonin, altered brain activity, altered blood pressure and increased brain cancer. (lincoln.ac.nz)
  • A number of scientific papers have been published indicating that LSD might cause structural changes in the chromosomes, genetic mutations, disturbances of embryonic development, and malignant degeneration of cells. (druglibrary.net)
  • Also, the continuous unfavorable ecological environment in these countries will result in an increase of genetic disorders and cause accumulation of pathologic mutations. (brama.com)
  • An estimated 1.5 per cent of the Swedish population have some sort of intellectual disability, caused in most cases by genetic aberrations, anything from small point mutations (one or a few base pairs) in individual genes or a few base-pair repetitions, to larger structural chromosome mutations comprising one or more genes. (technologynetworks.com)
  • In the present study, the researchers developed their own analytical tool, which, in combination with whole-genome sequencing, discovers point mutations, structural chromosome aberrations and repetitions (expansions). (technologynetworks.com)
  • As a result, there appear de novo chromosome aberrations and genetic mutations with high frequency during many generations in certain part of cells. (radioprotection.org)
  • These assays can detect mutations in the Tk gene that result from both gene mutations and chromosome damage. (biomedcentral.com)
  • 22) * After my arrival in the United States, I participated in a major study concentrating on structural changes of the chromosomes in the white blood cells following LSD administration. (druglibrary.net)
  • The possibility of inducing structural changes in the chromosomes by exogenous agents such as radiation, viruses, and a variety of chemicals, has been a subject of great scientific interest for a long time. (druglibrary.net)
  • These results strongly suggest that NS is mainly caused by structural aberrations in the nucleus during interphase of the cell cycle. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Identifying genes on each chromosome is an active area of genetic research. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Because researchers use different approaches to predict the number of genes on each chromosome, the estimated number of genes varies. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Chromosome 1 likely contains 2,000 to 2,100 genes that provide instructions for making proteins. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Researchers have identified several possible tumor suppressor genes in the deleted region of chromosome 1, and more research is needed to understand what role these genes play in neuroblastoma development. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Genes Chromosomes and Cancer. (lu.se)
  • Despite the large chromosome fragments involved in the unbalanced translocation in this case, repeated standard G-band analysis could not reveal this rearrangement due to the similarity in the banding pattern of the chromosome fragments involved. (bmj.com)
  • The remaining cases are due translocation, mosaicism and partial trisomy of the chromosome 21. (bvsalud.org)
  • Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is genetically characterized by the presence of the reciprocal translocation t(9;22)(q34;q11), resulting in a BCR/ABL gene fusion on the derivative chromosome 22 called the Philadelphia (Ph) chromosome. (lu.se)
  • Chromosome 1 is the largest human chromosome, spanning about 249 million DNA building blocks (base pairs) and representing approximately 8 percent of the total DNA in cells. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Down Syndrome (DS) is the most common chromosomal aberration resulting from trisomy of the chromosome 21. (bvsalud.org)
  • We examined the intakes of these B vitamins and their food sources in relation to the frequency of chromosome translocations as a biomarker of cumulative DNA damage, in eighty-two male airline pilots. (cambridge.org)
  • Translocations in peripheral blood lymphocytes were scored by using fluorescence in situ hybridisation whole-chromosome painting. (cambridge.org)
  • In the three experiments of the sister chromatid exchange test (with and without metabolic activation), a dose-dependent statistically significant increases in SCE compared to the solvent control was observed. (europa.eu)
  • There is a statistically significant increase of chromosome aberrations of various types observed in examined groups of children that live in contaminated areas and there is tendency to continual growth of cytogenetic effect with time. (brama.com)
  • Fluorescence "in situ" hybridization (FISH) technique enables chromosomes to be tagged with fluorescent dyes to highlight genetic traits. (lu.se)
  • Most carcinogens that cause NS are genotoxins, which cause DNA damage, chromosomal aberrations (CAs), and micronucleus formation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Some markers (eg, MYCN oncogene amplification, DNA index, segmental chromosomal aberrations, histopathology) correlate with progression and prognosis. (msdmanuals.com)
  • FM radio, TV signals and radar exposures cause significant and dose response increases in brain cancer, leukaemia and other cancers, and cardiac, neurological and reproductive health effects. (lincoln.ac.nz)
  • He has spent over 30 years studying various aspects of the changes to chromosomes that lead a cell to change and develop into a cancer cell, with a particular focus on leukaemia. (lu.se)
  • 19- 22 Yet none of these techniques is able to offer a high resolution screening of the whole genome for chromosome imbalances. (bmj.com)
  • 3- 16 However, these probes only reveal chromosome rearrangements located in the subtelomeric region. (bmj.com)
  • Evidence continues to suggest that ART does increase risk of higher order pregnancy (with its inherent pre- and perinatal risks), prematurity and low birth weight, congenital malformations, in particular of the male urogenital system, and imprinting disorders [ 23 - 26 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Especially noteworthy is an increased number of internal genital inflammatory diseases, which could be connected with immune system disorders followed by significant changes in menstrual cycles. (brama.com)
  • Chromosome specific micro-arrays have however been used in a few cases to determine the critical regions in microdeletion disorders. (bmj.com)
  • However, it disorders such as hypercalcaemia, urae- does not confirm that a long survival time mia and hyperviscosity or due to periph- might increase the prevalence, and a large eral neuro pathy, spinal cord compression series over several years might be needed to and cranial nerve infiltration [ 5 ]. (who.int)
  • However, this increase was observed in TA 100 at concentrations ≥ 1000 µg/plate and in TA 98 ≥ 3333 µg/plate. (europa.eu)
  • The increase of revertant colonies in high concentrations of 2,2'-[ethane-1,2-diylbis(oxy)]bisethyl diacetate has to be discussed, as possible pH-effects of the test substance have not been evaluated in the study. (europa.eu)
  • The occurrence of chromosome aberrations was investigated in the presence and absence of metabolic activation (rat liver S9-mix) with test substance concentrations of 0, 1600, 3000, 5000 µg/mL diluted with DMSO. (europa.eu)
  • 0.05) in the relative frequency of chromosome aberrations was observed for all concentrations of CH3HgCl when compared to control, whether alone or in an evident sinergistic combination with HgCl2. (ufpa.br)
  • 1994). In a preliminary toxicity test, concentrations of 8 - 1000 μg/mL were used to determine suitable concentrations for chromosome analysis. (europa.eu)
  • Based on these results, the occurrence of chromosome aberrations was investigated in the presence and absence of metabolic activation (rat liver S9-mix) with test substance concentrations of 250, 500 and 1000 µg/mL. (europa.eu)
  • Testosterone replacement should begin at puberty, around age 12 years, and the dose should increase until it is sufficient to maintain age-appropriate serum concentrations of testosterone, estradiol, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and luteinizing hormone (LH). (medscape.com)
  • Felix Mitelman began early on to compile these and other chromosome changes. (lu.se)
  • Recent technical leaps in genetic diagnostics have revealed many new genetic aberrations that cause intellectual disability," says Anna Lindstrand, associate professor at the Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, and clinical genetics specialist at Karolinska University Hospital. (technologynetworks.com)
  • No significant increases in the frequency of revertant colonies were recorded for any of the bacterial strains, with any dose of the test material, either with or without metabolic activation. (europa.eu)
  • The frequency of chromatid and chromosome breaks was higher in the farm ing than in the nonfarming subjects. (cdc.gov)
  • The frequency of chromatid and chromosome breaks in the farm ers increased strongly with increasing age. (cdc.gov)
  • Heavy pesticide use, however, could be associated with an elevated frequency of chromosome breaks. (cdc.gov)
  • SB.649 would dramatically increase California residents' exposures to pulsed, Radio-Frequency Microwave Radiation ('RF/MW radiation') in their neighborhoods 24/7. (wirecalifornia.org)
  • An increase in mutant frequency was not observed at any concentration tested whether with or without metabolic activation. (europa.eu)
  • The positive controls significantly increased the mutant frequency. (europa.eu)
  • Castor oil did not induce a significant increase in the number of phases with aberrations at any preparation time and dose level. (europa.eu)
  • In conclusion, Castor oil did not induce chromosome aberrations in Chinese hamster Ovary cells, neither in the presence nor in the absence of a metabolic activation system, under these experimental conditions. (europa.eu)
  • More recently, it has been shown that PARP-1 inhibition increases the speed of fork elongation and does not cause fork stalling, which is in contrast to the accepted model in which inhibitors of PARP induce fork stalling and collapse 15 . (nature.com)
  • BsEf is characterized by the ability of irradiated animals cells (taken from various tissues and organs, such as peripheral blood, spleen, liver and brain) to induce increased quantity of SSB DNA in the cells taken from not irradiated animals. (radioprotection.org)
  • In C57BL/6 mice (which are more resistant to irradiation) the level of SSF DNA was much lower and the culture medium from the cells obtained from irradiated animals practically did not possess ability to induce increase of SSB DNA in not irradiated cells. (radioprotection.org)
  • During her training in Japan, Dr. Burdo mastered the FISH (Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization) technique for analyzing chromosome aberrations in mice. (go.jp)
  • Mouse chromosomes stained using the FISH technique, viewed with a fluorescence microscope. (go.jp)
  • Standard chromosome analysis by G-banding has a limited resolution, but molecular cytogenetic techniques, such as multi-subtelomeric FISH, microdeletion FISH, multicolour FISH and comparative genomic hybridisation (CGH), have played an important role for the diagnosis of MR during the past decade. (bmj.com)
  • However, the clinical impact of additional cytogenetic and molecular genetic aberrations is most likely modified by the treatment modalities used. (lu.se)
  • The rate of sterility and benign tumors have significantly increased in the last years. (brama.com)
  • Already cell phone radiation has been shown to significantly increase all these effects.Public health surveys of people living in the vicinity of cell site base stations should be being carried out now, and continue progressively over the next two decades. (lincoln.ac.nz)
  • The overall objective of our research is to significantly improve the way in which acute leukemia is diagnosed, understood at the functional/molecular level, and treated within health care. (lu.se)
  • DS individuals have an increased prevalence of periodontal disease (PD) compared with otherwise normal, age-matched control groups and other mentally handicapped patients of a similar age 4 . (bvsalud.org)
  • No clear-cut differences as regards type and prevalence of additional aberrations seem to exist between CML with standard t(9;22) and CML with variants, except for slightly lower frequencies of the most common changes in the latter group. (lu.se)
  • The prevalence production, lytic lesions and increased of leptomeningeal infiltration in breast can- plasma cells in the bone marrow [ 1 ]. (who.int)
  • This may be due to late diagnosis of these tumors in our patients as most cases diagnosed at advanced stage and the sections were taken from deep tumor tissue to increase the number of tumor cells in our samples. (researchgate.net)
  • All industry funded and independent case-controlled studies looking at brain tumor risk from cell phone use show an increased risk (commonly a doubled risk) of brain tumors after 10 years of heavy cell phone use. (electromagnetichealth.org)
  • 1p36 deletion syndrome is caused by a deletion of genetic material from a specific region in the short (p) arm of chromosome 1. (medlineplus.gov)
  • As these kinds of health effects data become available and methods to assess levels of significant human exposure improve, these MRLs will be revised. (cdc.gov)
  • Increases in blood lead levels were accompanied by decreases in the activity of delta-aminolaevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD) in the blood to levels of 45-70% of the initial values by the end of exposure. (inchem.org)
  • Free erythrocyte porphyrins (FEP) were increased after a latent period of 0-21 days from the beginning of lead exposure. (inchem.org)
  • Since the rate of chromosome aberrations increase in relation to an increase in the amount of radiation exposure, the chromosome aberration value can be used to determine how much individual sample has been exposed to radiation. (go.jp)
  • In the case of low-dose exposure, more than 1,000 cells per mouse must be analyzed to detect chromosomal aberrations. (go.jp)
  • For example, in a study published in Fertility and Sterility (Vol. 89) in 2008 by A. Agarwal et al of the Cleveland Clinic, laboratory values of sperm count at an infertility clinic decreased as the duration of daily exposure to cell phones increased. (electromagnetichealth.org)
  • So we conducted a meta-analysis, and to explore the influence of low concentration benzene exposure on workers' genetic damage indicators using 3.25 mg/m 3 as the boundary value, in order to provide a basis for improved prevention and control of the harm from benzene exposure to the occupational population. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In a short-term CA test using the fibroblast CHL cell line, the appearance of NS increased in a dose-dependent manner after exposure to six types of clastogens (mitomycin C, methyl methane sulfonate, 1-methyl-3-nitro-1-nitrosoguanidine, benzo[a]pyrene, cyclophosphamide monohydrate, and 9,10-dimethyl-2-benzanthracene), and a strong correlation was found between NS (%) and CAs (%) at each dosage. (biomedcentral.com)
  • L'hybridation fluorescente in situ (FISH) est une technique qui permet des séquences d'ADN spécifiques à détecter sur les chromosomes en métaphase ou en interphase en 1 noyaux des cellules. (jove.com)
  • With metabolic activation, no increase in the number of revertant colonies was observed in the bacterial strains. (europa.eu)
  • However, without metabolic activation an increase in the number of revertant colonies was observed in both strains in two experiments. (europa.eu)
  • However, since cell phone radiation has already been shown to reduce melatonin, damage DNA and chromosomes, surveys should look for a very wide range health effects and not be limited to a narrow set. (lincoln.ac.nz)
  • There was a significant increase in tumor vascular oxygenation, which was primarily due to an increase in oxygenated hemoglobin, in response to a 1 Gy/fraction of radiation, while there was a decrease in tissue scattering in response to all doses of radiation. (bioone.org)
  • After stimulation with phytohemagglutinin and colchicine the cells were examined for chromosome aberrations. (cdc.gov)
  • Moreover, the irradiated cells cause in not irradiated cells-neighbours changes typical for irradiated cells (such as: increase of oxygen active forms, frequencies sisterly chromatid exchanges, so called «Bystander effect», BsEf) through cytokines and other factors of the protein nature. (radioprotection.org)
  • No significant increase in the number of phases with aberrations was observed in treated CHO cells at any preparation time and concentration. (europa.eu)
  • DEET (N,N-diethyl- m -toluamide) alone and in combination with permethrin increased urinary excretion of 6-hydroxycortisol in rats, a marker of hepatic CYP3A induction. (cdc.gov)
  • Chromatid and chromosome breaks were the most frequently seen aberration in both farm ing and nonfarming subjects. (cdc.gov)
  • I intend to use the skills I have acquired to analyze the chromosomes of mice living in the Chornobyl exclusion zone. (go.jp)
  • 2001). No other tumor types were increased in these toxicity in mice and rats, including mouse lung tu- studies in mice. (cdc.gov)
  • Any confirmed increase in PSA while on finasteride may signal the presence of prostate cancer and should be evaluated, even if those values are still within the normal range for men not taking a 5α-reductase inhibitor ( 5.2 ). (nih.gov)
  • 5α-reductase inhibitors may increase the risk of high-grade prostate cancer ( 5.3 , 6.1 ). (nih.gov)
  • The research of Burk and Yiamouyiannis revealed that every major city with fluoride had increased rates of cancer. (drkaslow.com)
  • All of these events increase your risk of cancer. (drkaslow.com)
  • These may not ever effect you, but they do increase the risk of cancer after the ingestion of fluoride. (drkaslow.com)
  • Reassuringly, evidence points away from an increased overall cancer risk or differences in neurodevelopmental outcomes. (hindawi.com)
  • The image shows chromosomes from a cancer patient. (lu.se)
  • almost all tumours have chromosome changes and some are typical of different types of cancer. (lu.se)
  • Felix Mitelman's initiative of mapping all chromosome aberrations in cancer has helped to improve diagnosis, treatment and prognosis for different types of cancer. (lu.se)
  • This includes the identification and characterization of genetic aberrations, investigations of the functional outcome of somatic and constitutional genetic variants, and the development of novel targeted therapies for various forms of cancer. (lu.se)
  • Overview of Pediatric Cancer In the US, the overall incidence of cancer in children and adolescents has increased over time. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Chromosomal aberrations were analyzed from cultures of peripheral lymphocytes in 2 groups of chagasic children, before and after treatment with nifurtimox. (nih.gov)
  • The rate of increase of FEP and the latent period were influenced by the percentage absorption of the lead from the gastrointestinal tract, the distribution of absorbed lead within the body and the rate of release of new erythrocytes from the bone marrow into the peripheral blood (Cools et al. (inchem.org)
  • Consistent with this, PARP-1 activity increases the rate of recruitment of the MRE11-RAD50-NBS1 (MRN) complex 10 and stimulates Ku binding in Dictyostelium 22 . (nature.com)
  • The Report emphasizes that, for essentially all endpoints examined in eukaryotic systems, RBE values appear to increase as the dose decreases and as the dose rate decreases. (aapm.org)
  • The survival rate of patients with this syndrome decreases with increasing dose. (cdc.gov)
  • The chance of childhood cancers and birth defects increases if the dad works with solvents, cleaning solutions , paints and chemicals. (susansmithjones.com)
  • In the 1950s, Albert Levan and American Joe Hin Tjio improved the method, and in 1956 they established that the human genome is divided into 46 chromosomes, i.e. 23 pairs of chromosomes. (lu.se)
  • Two copies of chromosome 1, one copy inherited from each parent, form one of the pairs. (medlineplus.gov)
  • segments of these chromosomes have translocated so that part of chromosome 2 is attached to 3, and 3 to 2. (lu.se)
  • Routine chromosome analysis (450-500 bands) had failed to detect the rearrangements in all cases. (bmj.com)
  • Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), also known as chronic myeloid leukemia, is a myeloproliferative disorder characterized by increased proliferation of the granulocytic cell line without the loss of their capacity to differentiate. (medscape.com)
  • Almost all clastogens caused NS of more than 5 %, which increased in a dose-dependent manner. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This phenomenon occurs during spermatogenesis, resulting in three copies of the chromosome 21. (bvsalud.org)
  • The following chromosomal conditions are associated with changes in the structure or number of copies of chromosome 1. (medlineplus.gov)
  • A 1q21.1 microduplication is a copied (duplicated) segment of genetic material at position q21.1 on one of the two copies of chromosome 1 in each cell. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The uncharged backbone enables rapid hybridization and improved stability compared to their DNA/RNA counterparts. (eurogentec.com)