GenomicAneuploidyAberrationsMicrosatelliteDegree of chromosomal instabilityAbnormalitiesChromosomesChromosome instabilityTranslocationsAlterationsGeneticCytogeneticTumorDeletionsGenomeTumorsPhenotype2023ReplicationPolyploidGeneTelomeresCancersUndergoProneMethylationPatternsDistinctFertilityHumanChangePatientsAnalysisRegion
Genomic5
- Chromosomal instability (CIN) is a type of genomic instability in which chromosomes are unstable, such that either whole chromosomes or parts of chromosomes are duplicated or deleted. (wikipedia.org)
- This combination of genetic problems is definitely termed chromosomal instability (CIN) and is found in approximately 85% of non-hereditary carcinomas.7 8 Although CIN is most prominent in solid tumors CIN has also been recognized in leukemias recently.9 Other types of genomic instability such as microsattelite instability and the recently explained chromothripsis 10 are found only in a small percentage of clinical tumor samples. (colinsbraincancer.com)
- Detection and precise genomic mapping of balanced chromosomal abnormalities in patients with impaired fertility or a clinical phenotype represent a challenge for current cytogenomics owing to difficulties with precise breakpoint localization in the regions enriched for DNA repeats and high genomic variation in such regions. (metasystems-probes.com)
- It is well documented that telomere dysfunction plays a significant role in the initiation of genomic instability during carcinogenesis in human breast cancer. (metasystems-probes.com)
- Next, we will determine the spatial distribution of genomic instability in normal and trisomic second trimester placentas. (grantome.com)
Aneuploidy7
- Chromosomal instability is the most common form of genetic instability and cause of aneuploidy. (wikipedia.org)
- Furthermore, loss of SIM2s results in aberrant separation of sister chromatids during mitosis, which has been previously shown to result in chromosomal fragmentation and aneuploidy. (biomedcentral.com)
- The chromosomal basis for these aberrations is either translocations, which change the integrity of genes, or abnormal numbers of chromosomes, a condition referred to as aneuploidy, which results in abnormal gene expression levels. (nshealth.ca)
- Chromosomal instability can be in the form of aneuploidy or chromosome rearrangements which can lead to inactivation of tumor suppressor genes and/or activation of oncogenes [ 2 ]. (scitechnol.com)
- Currently available clinical assays for chromosomal instability and DNA aneuploidy have several deficiencies. (biomedcentral.com)
- Aneuploidy and other numerical disruptions (nCIN. (silverchair.com)
- Aneuploidy is defined as the loss and/or gain of chromosomes to produce a numerical deviation from multiples of the haploid chromosomal complement ( King and Stansfield, 1990 ). (jneurosci.org)
Aberrations6
- Since Boveri's theory that chromosome abnormalities promote cancer, studies have attempted to elucidate the mechanisms behind the origins of chromosomal aberrations [ 1 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
- Cytogenetic studies of ECs have shown that most tumors have hyperdiploid karyotypes with relatively minor chromosomal aberrations [ 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
- Such structural or numerical chromosomal aberrations are specific for distinct tumor entities. (nshealth.ca)
- Telomere Dysfunction, Chromosomal Instability and Cancer -- Genetic Instability and Disease Prognostication -- Causes of Chromosomal Instability -- Patterns of Chromosomal Aberrations in Solid Tumors -- Yeast as Models of Mitotic Fidelity -- The Diverse Effects of Complex Chromosome Rearrangements and Chromothripsis in Cancer Development. (nshealth.ca)
- We found significant increases in the MN frequency and induced chromosomal aberrations in the lymphocytes of only one donor after ethyl-paraben exposure in the presence of S9 after a short exposure. (metasystems-probes.com)
- Little is known about the genetic make-up of anchoring villi, but our cytogenetic studies of fetal cells isolated from anchoring villi or the uterine wall revealed an unexpected large fraction of invading cytotrophoblasts (CTBs) that carry numerical chromosomal aberrations. (grantome.com)
Microsatellite5
- Using three-dimensional live-cell imaging of patient-derived tumor organoids (tumor PDOs), we show that CIN is widespread in colorectal carcinomas regardless of background genetic alterations, including microsatellite instability. (nature.com)
- Chromosomal instability and microsatellite instability have long been considered as major factors in the etiology of colon cancer. (scitechnol.com)
- Molecular alterations in CRC can be broadly classified into 2 groups: chromosomal instability and microsatellite instability. (scitechnol.com)
- Comprehensive routine diagnostic screening to identify predictive mutations, gene amplifications, and microsatellite instability in FFPE tumor material. (cdc.gov)
- JSCO/ESMO/ASCO/JSMO/TOS: International expert consensus recommendations for tumour-agnostic treatments in patients with solid tumours with microsatellite instability or NTRK fusions. (cdc.gov)
Degree of chromosomal instability1
- The degree of chromosomal instability and the degree of intratumor heterogeneity have profound consequences for disease outcome and for therapeutic stratification. (nshealth.ca)
Abnormalities6
- Although many tumours show chromosomal abnormalities, CIN is characterised by an increased rate of these errors. (wikipedia.org)
- Depending on the type of abnormalities, it can be classified into numerical CIN (nCIN), characterized by chromosome gains and losses, and structural CIN (sCIN) represented by chromosome translocations [ 2 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
- CIN can promote selective advantage to cancer cells by increasing the probability of novel chromosomal abnormalities, which can change the expression profile of the genes regulating cell division and differentiation, resulting in high proliferation rates [ 3 ] [ 4 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
- Regardless of the classification, approximately 55% of AML patients show chromosomal abnormalities [ 16 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
- First, we will determine the types of numerical chromosome abnormalities in the uterine wall and in anchoring as well as floating villi in normal placental specimens and placental tissues carrying a trisomy 21. (grantome.com)
- Multiple recurrent chromosomal abnormalities including 22q deletions have been reported in both primary and metastatic CRC [ 3 ]. (scitechnol.com)
Chromosomes3
- As chromosome instability refers to the rate that chromosomes or large portions of chromosomes are changed, there should be comparisons between cells, or cell populations rather than looking at cells individually in order to determine chromosome instability. (wikipedia.org)
- This is because the fitness cost (survival to next generation) of chromosomal instability is lower in polyploid cells, as the cell has a greater number of chromosomes to make up for the chromosomal instability it experiences. (wikipedia.org)
- Cancer is a disease of the chromosomes, and chromosomal instability in cancer disrupts gene function by either inactivating tumor suppressor genes or activating growth-promoting oncogenes. (nshealth.ca)
Chromosome instability4
- This provides a more accurate determination of the presence of chromosome instability. (wikipedia.org)
- Chromosome instability (CIN) is an increased rate where chromosome acquire alterations due to errors in cell division. (encyclopedia.pub)
- DNA Repair and Chromosomal Translocations -- CINcere modelling: What have mouse models for chromosome instability taught us? (nshealth.ca)
- centromere chromosome heterochromatin fission yeast loss of heterozygosity (LOH) recombination Schizosaccharomyces pombe Swi6 Certain cancer cells, particularly solid tumours, are known for dramatic CIN (chromosome instability) phenotypes. (silverchair.com)
Translocations3
- The most commonly structural changes were mainly in form of chromosomal translocations and were detected in RNO3, RNO6, RNO10, RNO11, RNO12, and RNO20. (biomedcentral.com)
- Unbalanced chromosomal translocations involving RNO3p was the most commonly observed structural changes in this material followed by RNO11p and RNO10 translocations. (biomedcentral.com)
- Chromosomal characterization of three centric fusion translocations in cattle using G-, R- and C-banding and FISH technique. (cnr.it)
Alterations4
- whereas when CIN is not the causal factor, chromosomal alterations are often more clonal. (wikipedia.org)
- Chromosomal instability (CIN) is the increasing rate in which cells acquire new chromosomal alterations. (encyclopedia.pub)
- The most recurrent numerical alterations were gains in rat chromosome 4 (RNO4) and losses in RNO15. (biomedcentral.com)
- Chromosomal alterations in plants. (tsukuba.ac.jp)
Genetic2
- Multicolor banding, chromosomal microarray analysis, chromosome microdissection with reverse painting, and single-copy sequencing of the rearranged chromosome were performed to determine the length and position of the inverted region as well as to rule out a genetic imbalance at the breakpoints. (metasystems-probes.com)
- Consequently, any deficiency in centrosome function or number may lead to genetic instability. (biomedcentral.com)
Cytogenetic1
- Molecular cytogenetic analyses performed in three different hESC lines maintained in parallel in identical culture conditions revealed significant differences among them in regard to their chromosomal integrity. (nih.gov)
Tumor1
- A persistent high frequency of these errors (chromosomal instability (CIN)) is predicted to profoundly impact tumor evolution and therapy response. (nature.com)
Deletions1
- A chromosomal instability assay should measure not only whole chromosome change rates, but also the partial chromosomal changes such as deletions, insertions, inversion and amplifications to also take into account segmental aneuploidies. (wikipedia.org)
Genome1
- Replication stress due to replication forks pausing or stalling is a potential source of dysfunctional telomeres and hence genome instability, a recognized hallmark of cancer. (crcm-marseille.fr)
Tumors1
- Whereas normal cells homeostasis requires the coordination of the proliferation of stem and progenitor cells with their differentiation (above) cancer-inducing problems (*) are thought to inhibit stem cell differentiation … Chromosomal Instability and Gene Dosage Most sporadic tumors undergo a combination of numerical and structural changes. (colinsbraincancer.com)
Phenotype1
- This is especially true in low phenotype chromosomal instability, where the changes are subtle. (wikipedia.org)
20231
- Chromosomal Instability in AML" Encyclopedia , https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/10865 (accessed December 01, 2023). (encyclopedia.pub)
Replication1
- Dormant replication origin firing links replication stress to whole chromosomal instability in human cancer. (for2800.de)
Polyploid1
- Presented in conjunction with cells expressing a histone 2B-GFP fusion protein (H2B-GFP), we demonstrated how this method enabled chromosomal segregation errors to be tracked in cells as they progressed through cellular division that were later identified as either diploid or polyploid. (biomedcentral.com)
Gene1
- This gene is located within a chromosomal region that shows loss of heterozygosity in some bladder cancers. (cancerindex.org)
Telomeres1
- A loss in the repair systems for DNA double-stranded breaks and eroded telomeres can allow chromosomal rearrangements that generate loss, amplification and/or exchange of chromosome segments. (wikipedia.org)
Cancers1
- Keywords: cancers chromosomal instability SC Launch The intricacy of malignant neoplasias could be appreciated using the latest identification of the intra-tumoral hierarchy and cancers stem cells (CSC) in various types of cancers. (colinsbraincancer.com)
Undergo1
- Strikingly, however, a much older hESC line, SHEF-1, which was maintained for 185 passages in feeders did not undergo any numerical or structural chromosomal change after 30 passages in feeder-free culture and over 215 passages in total. (nih.gov)
Prone1
- These results support the concept that feeder-free conditions may partially contribute to hESC chromosomal changes but also confirm the hypothesis that regardless of the culture conditions, culture duration or splitting methods, some hESC lines are inherently more prone than others to karyotypic instability. (nih.gov)
Methylation1
- Immunodetection of chromosomal proteins and DNA methylation. (tsukuba.ac.jp)
Patterns1
- However, patterns of numbers by themselves or in association with other patterns (numerical or otherwise), is not enough. (threesology.org)
Distinct1
- Zhang, X. & Kschischo, M. Distinct and common features of numerical and structural chromosomal instability across different cancer types. (for2800.de)
Fertility1
- Meiotic instabilities and their consequences to fertility. (tsukuba.ac.jp)
Human1
- Human ESCs predisposition to karyotypic instability: Is a matter of culture adaptation or differential vulnerability among hESC lines due to inherent properties? (nih.gov)
Change1
- The number of cell divisions undergone by a cell population should be related to the rate of chromosomal change. (wikipedia.org)
Patients1
- This issue of Recent Results in Cancer Research presents a comprehensive review of current understanding of chromosomal instability in cancer and of strategies to use this information for better treatment of patients with cancer. (nshealth.ca)
Analysis1
- Chiasma and meiotic instability analysis in maize. (tsukuba.ac.jp)
Region1
- Zooming and scrolling controls help to narrow or broaden the displayed chromosomal range to focus on the exact region of interest. (rhesusbase.com)