• The in vivo visualization and monitoring of the starting points of microtubules -- filaments responsible for organizing the mitotic spindle -- provides novel insight into the dynamic architecture of this structure. (sciencedaily.com)
  • The findings will also contribute to understanding how the mitotic spindle is perturbed by drugs that target microtubules and that are used in chemotherapy. (sciencedaily.com)
  • The division of a cell in two requires the assembly of the mitotic spindle, an extremely complex structure, which is the result of the coordinated action of a multitude of proteins and a finely tuned balance of their activities. (sciencedaily.com)
  • A large part of the time that a cell requires to divide is devoted to assembling the mitotic spindle, which, superficially, resembles a ball of thread with the shape of a rugby ball. (sciencedaily.com)
  • By labelling the ends of thousands of these fine filaments, which are indispensable and extremely dynamic and variable, we have finally been able to follow their distribution and movement during the assembly of the mitotic spindle," explains Jens Lüders, a cell biologist from the Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona). (sciencedaily.com)
  • As a result, we lacked essential information in order to understand the dynamic architecture of the mitotic spindle and how it contributes to cell division," says Lüders. (sciencedaily.com)
  • The researchers describe for the first time where most microtubules form inside the mitotic spindle, how they develop, and how their starting points are transported -- with the help of three motor proteins -- to opposite poles of the spindle, where they attach. (sciencedaily.com)
  • These kinds of drugs impede the mitotic spindle, thus preventing cell division and interfering with tumour growth. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Exposure to each MWCNT led to significantly increased mitotic aberrations with multi- and monopolar spindle morphologies and fragmented centrosomes. (cdc.gov)
  • The activity of NEK6 plays important roles in mitotic spindle kinetochore fiber formation, metaphase-anaphase transition, cytokinesis, and checkpoint regulation [ 3 , 4 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Inhibition of NEK6 can lead to the termination of mitosis, chromatin spindle defects, and abnormal chromosomal differentiation [ 5 - 7 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • In binary fission, there is no involvement of the mitotic apparatus like the centrioles, mitotic spindle, centromeres, and kinetochores. (differencebetween.net)
  • Opposite to the mitotic spindle, the separation of chromosomal replication is done through the cell membrane. (differencebetween.net)
  • Here, we report that PSMA is localized to a membrane compartment in the vicinity of mitotic spindle poles and associates with the anaphase-promoting complex (APC). (nih.gov)
  • These two copies of chromosomal DNA are pulled to different ends of the cell by a protein structure called the mitotic spindle. (oist.jp)
  • Instead of separating normally, the mitotic spindle appeared to continue to lengthen despite failing to fully separate the two copies of DNA, producing an arched shape until eventually snapping in the middle. (oist.jp)
  • Chromosomes are seen in pink and the mitotic spindle is in green. (oist.jp)
  • The researchers screened 20 solid cancer cell lines relative to gene silencing to identify a highly responsive chemo-resistant ovarian cancer cell line that underwent significant depletion in mitotic spindle-dynamics for effective experimental cancer treatment. (medicalxpress.com)
  • Consistent with these observations, we found that E4F localizes to the mitotic spindle during the M phase of early embryos. (cnrs.fr)
  • The centrosome duplicates and, during mitosis, separates to form the two poles of the mitotic spindle (MITOTIC SPINDLE APPARATUS). (lookformedical.com)
  • A persistent high frequency of these errors (chromosomal instability (CIN)) is predicted to profoundly impact tumor evolution and therapy response. (nature.com)
  • If these structures are manipulated incorrectly, through processes known as chromosomal instability and translocation, the cell may undergo mitotic catastrophe . (wikipedia.org)
  • Schvartzman JM, Sotillo R, Benezra R.. Mitotic chromosomal instability and cancer: mouse modelling of the human disease. (researchgate.net)
  • Mitotic chromosomal instability - the inability to faithfully segregate equal chromosome complements to two daughter cells during mitosis - is a widespread phenomenon in solid tumours that is thought to serve as the fuel for tumorigenic progression. (researchgate.net)
  • One is the hypothesis of a chromosomal or mitotic instability. (bmj.com)
  • Immunofluorescence, chromosome and micronuclei enumeration, MTT and colony formation assays were used to determine the effects of AP4 inactivation and target gene regulation on chromosomal instability (CIN) and drug sensitivity. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Inactivation of AP4 in CRC cell lines resulted in increased spontaneous and c-MYC-induced DNA damage, chromosomal instability (CIN) and cellular senescence. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Chromosomal instability. (lookformedical.com)
  • Up-regulation of the mitotic checkpoint component Mad1 causes chromosomal instability and resistance to microtubule poisons. (bvsalud.org)
  • Chromosomal crossover, or crossing over, is the exchange of genetic material during sexual reproduction between two homologous chromosomes' non-sister chromatids that results in recombinant chromosomes. (wikipedia.org)
  • Almost all chromosomes present C-bands in one or both chromosomal ends. (cdc.gov)
  • Mitotic tethering enables inheritance of shattered micronuclear chromosomes. (worldpharmanews.com)
  • The physical association between Mcd1p and Smc1p, one of the SMC family of chromosomal proteins, further suggests that Mcd1p functions directly on chromosomes. (nih.gov)
  • Conversely, 53BP1 nuclear bodies are partially suppressed by knocking down SMC2, a condensin subunit required for mechanical stability of mitotic chromosomes. (ku.dk)
  • the resulting mitotic configuration shows split centromeres and splayed chromatids in all or most of the chromosomes. (atlasgeneticsoncology.org)
  • The chromosomal constitution of cells which deviate from the normal by the addition or subtraction of CHROMOSOMES, chromosome pairs, or chromosome fragments. (lookformedical.com)
  • If you already know about chromosomal evolution or do not care, jump directly to information on Drosera chromosome numbers. (carnivorousplants.org)
  • The S. cerevisiae MCD1 (mitotic chromosome determinant) gene was identified in genetic screens for genes important for chromosome structure. (nih.gov)
  • We present a model for mitotic chromosome structure that incorporates this previously unsuspected link. (nih.gov)
  • Also, the mitotic chromosome proteins are enriched for intrinsically disordered domains, suggesting liquid-like properties of the perichromosomal layer. (kth.se)
  • A terminal section of a chromosome which has a specialized structure and which is involved in chromosomal replication and stability. (lookformedical.com)
  • Because the chromosomal t(14;18) translocation is found in the majority of patients with follicular lymphoma, bone marrow aspiration and chromosome analysis can also help establish the diagnosis. (medscape.com)
  • We conclude that ongoing CIN is common in colorectal cancer organoids, and propose that CIN levels and the tolerance for mitotic errors shape aneuploidy landscapes and karyotype heterogeneity. (nature.com)
  • No aneuploidy or chromosomal aberration is found in cultured human lymphocytes. (inchem.org)
  • In binary fission, sister chromatids are no longer involved in chromosomal replication. (differencebetween.net)
  • Chromosomal ultrastructure and ribonucleoproteins (RNP) at mitotic metaphase in garlic (Allium sativum L. ) were studied. (jipb.net)
  • Here, we show that mild replication stress increases the frequency of chromosomal lesions that are transmitted to daughter cells. (ku.dk)
  • Together, these data indicate that restoration of DNA or chromatin integrity at loci prone to replication problems requires mitotic transmission to the next cell generations. (ku.dk)
  • Recent breakthroughs have uncovered more and more DNA replication licensing machinery proteins (ORC, Cdc6, Cdt1, geminin, etc.) functioning in other cell cycle events, including centrosome replication, mitotic events, transcription and so on. (intechopen.com)
  • Following treatment with ICRF-193, the mitotic spindles of fission yeast show an "arched and snapped" appearance during cell replication. (oist.jp)
  • A possible increase in the frequency of chromosomal aberrations was seen in one study, and an increased frequency of sister chromatid exchanges occurred in one group of workers in the other. (inchem.org)
  • Suitability of cells: Chinese hamster lung fibroblasts (CHL cells, clone No. 11) were used in this test because they are widely employed, for in vitro chromosomal aberration tests, show quite high sensitivity to chemical mutagens, and a large amount of data is available about their chromosomal aberrations. (europa.eu)
  • The advent of molecularly targeted drug discovery has facilitated the identification of a new generation of anti-mitotic therapies that target proteins with specific functions in mitosis. (researchgate.net)
  • The exquisite selectivity for mitosis and the distinct ways in which these new agents interfere with mitosis provides the potential to not only overcome certain limitations of current tubulin-targeted anti-mitotic drugs, but to expand the scope of clinical efficacy that those drugs have established. (researchgate.net)
  • Additionally, 65 proteins were detected on the chromosomal periphery during mitosis, and these could be further divided into two recruitment phenotypes with different temporal profiles. (kth.se)
  • Mitosis is comprised of four stages: G1, S, G2, and a stage that completes the mitotic cycle. (differencebetween.net)
  • 5.Binary fission does not involve the mitotic apparatus and sister chromatids unlike in mitosis. (differencebetween.net)
  • This may be the result of chromosomal breakage or due to production of a protein that inhibits mitosis. (medscape.com)
  • A commercial preparation of amitrole induces chromosomal abnormalities in plants. (inchem.org)
  • The chromosomal proteins play a role in the regulation of DNA and are called the epigenome. (carnivorousplants.org)
  • Embryos lacking E4F die at the peri-implantation stage, while in vitro-cultured E4F(-/-) blastocysts exhibit defects in mitotic progression, chromosomal missegregation, and increased apoptosis. (cnrs.fr)
  • Using a version of γ-tubulin that carries a fluorescent label activated by laser light, the researchers were able to follow the movement of the starting points of microtubules within mitotic spindles by filming dividing human cells. (sciencedaily.com)
  • A: Spermatogonial mitotic prometaphase. (cdc.gov)
  • D: Mitotic prometaphase in male specimen from Andean Bolivia. (cdc.gov)
  • However, conflicting results were obtained in assays for mitotic gene conversion and recombination. (inchem.org)
  • Phosphatase 1 Nuclear Targeting Subunit (PNUTS) Regulates Aurora Kinases and Mitotic Progression. (nih.gov)
  • Chromosomal recombination during meiosis and subsequent sexual reproduction play a significant role in genetic diversity . (wikipedia.org)
  • Chromosomal studies were performed in phytohaemagglutinin-stimulated cultures of lymphocytes and in bone marrow cells without culture from 115 patients with megaloblastic anaemia resulting from nutritional deficiency of folate and vitamin B 12 Essentially similar chromosomal abnormalities were observed in the two cell lines. (karger.com)
  • Centromere-associated protein-E (CENP-E) is an essential mitotic kinesin that is required for efficient, stable microtubule capture at kinetochores. (rupress.org)
  • It also directly binds to BubR1, a kinetochore-associated kinase implicated in the mitotic checkpoint, the major cell cycle control pathway in which unattached kinetochores prevent anaphase onset. (rupress.org)
  • Thus, CENP-E is required for enhancing recruitment of its binding partner BubR1 to each unattached kinetochore and for stimulating BubR1 kinase activity, implicating it as an essential amplifier of a basal mitotic checkpoint signal. (rupress.org)
  • This finding suggested that chromosomal crossing over is a general characteristic of eukaryotic meiosis. (wikipedia.org)
  • Shugoshin-2 is essential for the completion of meiosis but not for mitotic cell division in mice. (nature.com)
  • but many of these morphological chromosomal changes (i.e. despiralization and breaks) persisted in the lymphocytes of a significant proportion of patients for variable periods up to 6-12 months after haematological remission resulting from therapy with the deficient vitamins. (karger.com)
  • Targeted anti-mitotic therapies: can we improve on tubulin agents? (researchgate.net)
  • The process of chromosomal care and repair contributes to cancer in many ways, so the more we understand how it works, the better we can fine-tune it to treat cancer," said Cleveland. (worldpharmanews.com)
  • Fig. 5: Tumor PDOs exhibit differential tolerance for mitotic errors. (nature.com)
  • Effect of 2,4-D and Isoproturon on chromosomal disturbances during mitotic division in root tip cells of Triticum aestivum L. (cytgen.com)
  • The passage number of cells used in the chromosomal aberration test was 40 for 24 hours treatment, 40 for 48 hours treatment by the direct method, and 23 by the metabolic activation method. (europa.eu)
  • Studies have demonstrated that cells infected with rubella in the early fetal period have reduced mitotic activity. (medscape.com)
  • Once the chromosomal DNA is separated, the cell begins to divide into two identical daughter cells. (oist.jp)
  • Cell-fate tracking showed that, although mitotic errors are frequently followed by cell death, some tumor PDOs are largely insensitive to mitotic errors. (nature.com)
  • During this longest stage, there is no evident chromosomal activity or division but is characterized by fast, cellular metabolism. (differencebetween.net)
  • Repeated chromosomal studies were done in 65 of these patients at various intervals after starting therapy with the deficient vitamins. (karger.com)
  • Furthermore, crossing over has been correlated to occur in response to stressful, and likely DNA damaging, conditions The process of bacterial transformation also shares many similarities with chromosomal cross over, particularly in the formation of overhangs on the sides of the broken DNA strand, allowing for the annealing of a new strand. (wikipedia.org)
  • Under the conditions of the study the test material induced chromosomal aberration in Chinese hamster lung fibroblasts. (europa.eu)