Chromosomal chromosome segregation. Medical search. Frequent questions

Rangel-Pozzo, A. Chromosomal Instability in AML. (encyclopedia.pub)
Chromosomal Instability in AML" Encyclopedia , https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/10865 (accessed December 01, 2023). (encyclopedia.pub)
Chromosome instability (CIN) is an increased rate where chromosome acquire alterations due to errors in cell division. (encyclopedia.pub)
Chromosomal instability (CIN) is the increasing rate in which cells acquire new chromosomal alterations. (encyclopedia.pub)
Chromosomal instability is a hallmark of cancer that results from ongoing errors in chromosome segregation during mitosis. (escholarship.org)
Although chromosomal instability is a major driver of tumour evolution, its role in metastasis has not been established. (escholarship.org)
Here we show that chromosomal instability promotes metastasis by sustaining a tumour cell-autonomous response to cytosolic DNA. (escholarship.org)
Genetic suppression of chromosomal instability markedly delays metastasis even in highly aneuploid tumour models, whereas continuous chromosome segregation errors promote cellular invasion and metastasis in a STING-dependent manner. (escholarship.org)
Chromosomal instability (CIN) and epigenetic alterations are characteristics of advanced and metastatic cancers 1-4 , but whether they are mechanistically linked is unknown. (escholarship.org)
Our group investigates the fundamental mechanisms of cell division ensuring faithful chromosome segregation in human cells, how a deregulation of these mechanisms contribute to genetic instability in cancer cells, and how this erroneous process can reveal new targets for anti-cancer treatments or be exploited by novel anti-cancer drugs. (unige.ch)
Chromosomal instability and aneuploidy are not only symptoms of cancer cells, they can directly cause or enhance cancer formation, as they create dosage imbalances between oncogenes and tumour suppressors, and contribute to the development of cancer drug resistances. (unige.ch)
We identify distinct patterns of copy-number evolution indicating multigenerational chromosomal instability that is initiated by cell division errors but propagated only after p53 loss. (bvsalud.org)
Our analysis elucidates how multigenerational chromosomal instability generates copy-number variation in BE cells, precipitates complex alterations including DNA amplifications, and promotes their independent clonal expansion and transformation. (bvsalud.org)
In particular, we suggest sloping copy-number variation as a signature of ongoing chromosomal instability that precedes copy-number complexity. (bvsalud.org)
These findings suggest copy-number heterogeneity in advanced cancers originates from chromosomal instability in precancerous cells and such instability may be identified from the presence of sloping copy-number variation in bulk sequencing data. (bvsalud.org)
Advances in molecular biology techniques allow us to obtain a better understanding of precise molecular mechanisms and to identify the chromosome instability region and key driver genes in the carcinogenesis and progression of SOC. (bvsalud.org)
In vitro and in vivo genomic engineering, leveraging loss-of-function studies, along with a model of partial trisomy of chromosome 21q, demonstrated a dosage-dependent effect of the interferon receptor genes cluster as an adaptive mechanism to deleterious chromosomal instability in metastatic progression. (bvsalud.org)
Next to the pro-proliferative function of YAP/TAZ, both transcriptional co-activators cooperated in the regulation of a gene signature that indicated the presence of chromosomal instability (CIN). (biomedcentral.com)
If these structures are manipulated incorrectly, through processes known as chromosomal instability and translocation, the cell may undergo mitotic catastrophe . (wikipedia.org)
Dr. Hsu's research interest is to investigating the oncogenic mechanisms that induce DNA damage, chromosomal instability, mitotic catastrophe, neoplastic multinucleation, tumor progression, metastasis and microenvironment. (nhri.org.tw)
Consequently, the incidences of nuclear aberration and chromosomal instability are dramatically increased. (nhri.org.tw)
The mechanisms that safeguard cells against chromosomal instability (CIN) are of great interest, as CIN contributes to tumorigenesis. (ca.gov)
Chromosomal instability (CIN), our focus here at Volastra, is a major hallmark of cancer and a critical vulnerability of many cancers. (volastratx.com)
The extent to which naturally occurring variations in kinetochore genes can promote chromosomal instability is not clear, although strong evidence for such predisposition exists among DNA damage repair pathway genes. (lido-dtp.ac.uk)
The findings will provide the first insight into genetic variations that individually or jointly poised to promote chromosome instability and premature cellular ageing. (lido-dtp.ac.uk)

Centromeres and pseudoautosomal regions (PARs) are highly specialized chromatin domains that are indispensable for proper chromosome segregation. (jax.org)
Centromeres provide chromosomal points of attachment to the cellular segregation machinery, linking chromosomes to the proteins that pull them to the cell poles during both somatic and germline cell divisions. (jax.org)
Despite their fundamental significance for chromosome transmission and genome stability, little is known about the levels and patterns of genetic diversity across centromeres and the PAR, or the biological impacts of this variation. (jax.org)
Recent studies have revealed that variants of histone H2A and histone H3 play important roles not only in gene expression but also in the repair of DNA breaks and the assembly of chromosome centromeres. (sdbonline.org)
nature structural & molecular biology Abstract In the early stages of mitosis, cohesin is released from chromosome arms but not from centromeres. (cbinsights.com)
Cohesion at centromeres is protected by Shugoshin (SGO1) 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , giving rise to the typical X-shaped structure of human chromosomes. (cbinsights.com)
4) Centromeres are essential for the proper segregation of chromosomes at mitosis and meiosis. (bdword.com)
Centromeres are necessary for faithful chromosome segregation in eukaryotic organisms. (plantae.org)
Functional centromeres, ensuring regular chromosome segregation in mitosis and meiosis, are a prerequisite for the evolutionary success of pre-existing and new chromosome variants. (muni.cz)
The rapid progress in plant comparative genomics and cytogenetics brings new insights into the evolutionary fate of centromeres and mechanisms of chromosome number reduction (descending dysploidy). (muni.cz)

Remarkably, despite the high turnover of microtubules throughout mitosis 2 , the spindle maintains its bipolar structure with the chromosomes at its center and two poles that are separated by the plane of cell division. (nature.com)
In all spindles, the microtubule cytoskeleton connects to chromosomes via a special class of microtubules called kinetochore microtubules (KMTs). (nature.com)
In the case of chromosomal origin, microtubules instead nucleate around chromosomes and only later attach to kinetochores, as observed in Xenopus cell-free extracts 13 . (nature.com)
In all eukaryotes, chromosome segregation is carried out by the spindle, which consists of microtubules and associated proteins. (harvard.edu)
We found that these spindles all contain microtubules with both ends between segregating sister chromosomes. (harvard.edu)
Even as chromosomes move towards spindle poles, these inter-chromosomal microtubules slide apart at the same speed as chromosomes. (harvard.edu)
Perturbing inter-chromosomal microtubules causes chromosome motion to immediately cease. (harvard.edu)
Our results are inconsistent with the canonical model, and support a pushing body model proposed ~100 years ago, arguing that the extension of the inter-chromosomal array of microtubules is the solely primary driver of chromosome segregation in diverse systems. (harvard.edu)
Dynein pulls the microtubules and chromosomes to one end of the cell. (wikipedia.org)
The protection of centromeric cohesin by SGO1 maintains the sister chromatid cohesion that resists the pulling forces of microtubules until all chromosomes are attached in a bipolar manner to the mitotic spindle. (cbinsights.com)
11) The microtubules tie the chromosomes to the mitotic spindle during cell division. (bdword.com)
Chromosome segregation accuracy relies on the proper attachment of chromosomes to microtubules, during the process of cell division. (lido-dtp.ac.uk)

Following recombination, chromosome segregation occurs as indicated by the stages metaphase I and anaphase I in the meiosis diagram. (wikipedia.org)
Meiotic chromosomal crossover (CO) recombination facilitates the proper segregation of homologous chromosomes. (wikipedia.org)
This is because, at the end of meiotic prophase I, CO recombination provides a physical link that holds homologous chromosome pairs together. (wikipedia.org)
Together with cohesion linkage between sister chromatids, CO recombination may help ensure the orderly segregation of the paired homologous chromosomes to opposite poles. (wikipedia.org)
Intergenerational DNA transmission is shaped by the fundamental processes of chromosome segregation, recombination, and de novo mutation. (jax.org)
The PAR is a region of conserved sequence identity between the X and Y chromosomes over which the meiotic program of pairing, synapsis, and recombination unfolds to ensure correct sex chromosome segregation. (jax.org)
My research aims to understand the causes and consequences of variation in the mechanisms that govern DNA inheritance: chromosome segregation, recombination, and de novo mutation. (jax.org)
Using a novel, recombination-induced tag exchange-based genetic tool to birthdate and track the segregation of centrosomes over multiple cell divisions in human embryonic stem cell-derived regionalised forebrain organoids, we show the preferential inheritance of the older mother centrosome towards self-renewed NPCs. (elifesciences.org)
Chromosomal recombination during meiosis and subsequent sexual reproduction play a significant role in genetic diversity . (wikipedia.org)
Centromere loss and relocation in chromosome regions with otherwise conserved collinearity can be explained by conventional mechanisms of chromosome rearrangements or, as newly available phylogenomic and cytogenomic data suggest, by centromere inactivation through epigenetic chromatin modifications and/or intra-and inter-chromosomal recombination. (muni.cz)
Simchen.An initial chromosomal part with major roles inside the yeast chromosome I11 meiotic disjunction, recombination and double strand holiday breaks. (realprowa.com)

The centromere is an essential chromosomal region required for accurate chromosome segregation. (researchgate.net)
Mutations that disrupt centromere integrity or reduce homology between X- and Y-linked PARs can lead to chromosome segregation errors and constitute important genetic mechanisms for cancer, cellular senescence, and infertility. (jax.org)
Moreover, the parS chromosomal context in non-replicative cells, combined with ParB depletion at cell division, critically contribute to the unique cell cycle-dependent organization of the centromere in this bacterium, highlighting new levels of complexity in chromosome segregation and cell cycle control. (jic.ac.uk)
The CPC complex has essential functions at the centromere in ensuring correct chromosome alignment and segregation and is required for chromatin-induced microtubule stabilization and spindle assembly, fosters AURKB activity, its overexpression induces swelling of mitochondria and reduces mitochondrial membrane potential. (novusbio.com)
The CPC complex has essential functions at the centromere in ensuring correct chromosome alignment and segregation and is required for chromatin-induced microtubule stabilization and spindle assembly. (nih.gov)
[4] Before this happens, each chromosome is duplicated ( S phase ), and both copies are joined by a centromere , resulting either in an X-shaped structure (pictured above), if the centromere is located equatorially, or a two-arm structure, if the centromere is located distally. (wikipedia.org)
2) The centromere is responsible for two key chromosomal functions in mitosis and meiosis. (bdword.com)
During evolution, centromere locations can change through chromosomal arrangements and some unclear epigenetic mechanisms such as centromere repositioning. (plantae.org)
Minor alterations in their centromere locations are due to local chromosomal arrangements (e.g., inversions) and/or centromere repositioning that can be triggered by duplicated transposition. (plantae.org)
The use of this probe allows the classification of MN as being centromere positive or centromere negative indicating their origin by anaugenic (chromosomal malsegregation) or clastogenic (chromosome breakage) mechanisms, respectively. (cdc.gov)

Moreover, we aim to understand how defects in these processes lead to chromosome segregation errors and contribute to human pathologies, such as primary microcephaly and cancer. (unige.ch)

This segregation process occurs during both mitosis and meiosis. (wikipedia.org)
Chromosome segregation occurs at two separate stages during meiosis called anaphase I and anaphase II (see meiosis diagram). (wikipedia.org)
During the phase of meiosis labeled "interphase s" in the meiosis diagram there is a round of DNA replication, so that each of the chromosomes initially present is now composed of two copies called chromatids. (wikipedia.org)
These chromosomes (paired chromatids) then pair with the homologous chromosome (also paired chromatids) present in the same nucleus (see prophase I in the meiosis diagram). (wikipedia.org)
The second stage at which segregation occurs during meiosis is prophase II (see meiosis diagram). (wikipedia.org)
Thus the two chromatids comprising each chromosome separate into different nuclei, so that each nucleus gets a single set of chromatids (now called chromosomes) and each nucleus becomes included in a haploid gamete (see stages following prophase II in the meiosis diagram). (wikipedia.org)
After the first chromosome segregation in meiosis I is complete, there is further chromosome segregation during the second equational division of meiosis II. (wikipedia.org)
Both proper initial segregation of chromosomes in prophase I and the next chromosome segregation during equational division in meiosis II are required to generate gametes with the correct number of chromosomes. (wikipedia.org)
Heterozygotes for major chromosomal rearrangements such as fusions and fissions are expected to display a high level of sterility due to problems during meiosis. (frontiersin.org)
Chromosomal heterozygosity leads to the formation of multivalents (instead of normal bivalents) during meiosis. (frontiersin.org)
In normal conventional meiosis, the first meiotic division is reductional, resulting in segregation of chromosomal homologs, whereas the second meiotic division is equational, resulting in separation of sister chromatids. (frontiersin.org)
There is a fundamental difference between canonical and inverted meiosis in the behavior and fate of the chromosomal multivalents. (frontiersin.org)
Geneticcontrolof chromosome synapsis when you look at the yeast meiosis. (realprowa.com)

needed for normal cytokinesis during mitosis, participates in the regulation of cell proliferation, may be a component of the chromosomal passenger complex (CPC), a complex that acts as a key regulator of mitosis. (novusbio.com)
Serine/threonine-protein kinase component of the chromosomal passenger complex (CPC), a complex that acts as a key regulator of mitosis. (nih.gov)
An aurora kinase that is a component of the chromosomal passenger protein complex and is involved in the regulation of MITOSIS. (lookformedical.com)

Errors in chromosome segregation create a preponderance of micronuclei whose rupture spills genomic DNA into the cytosol. (escholarship.org)
It is defined by persistent errors in chromosome segregation during cell division (mitosis). (volastratx.com)

CIN can promote selective advantage to cancer cells by increasing the probability of novel chromosomal abnormalities, which can change the expression profile of the genes regulating cell division and differentiation, resulting in high proliferation rates [ 3 ] [ 4 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
This leads to transcriptional de-repression of PRC1-target genes and mitotic chromosome segregation errors. (escholarship.org)
Swr1 is required for the deposition of histone H2AZ at specific chromosome locations in vivo, and Swr1 and H2AZ commonly regulate a subset of yeast genes. (sdbonline.org)
Mechanistically, the complex consisting of YAP and transcription factors promotes the expression of genes involved in DNA replication, cell cycle regulation, chromosomal segregation, but also in the control of cellular stemness. (biomedcentral.com)
To address this knowledge gap, the PhD student will identify potentially harmful variants in chromosome segregation genes using bioinformatics and structural biology tools. (lido-dtp.ac.uk)

To separate chromosomal regions and prevent entanglements, cells rely on structural maintenance of chromosomes (SMC) complexes. (cam.ac.uk)
Die beiden Structural Maintenance of Chromosomes (SMC)-Untereinheiten bilden zusammen mit einer Untereinheit aus der Familie der Kleisine eine dreigliedrige Ringstruktur aus, welche DNA-Stränge topologisch umschließen und dadurch intrachromosomale Verknüpfungen und Schlaufen stabilisieren kann. (uni-bayreuth.de)

Each chromosome consists of one very long molecule of DNA twisted around proteins. (carnivorousplants.org)
The chromosomal proteins play a role in the regulation of DNA and are called the epigenome. (carnivorousplants.org)
I plan to use a multidisciplinary approach, combining acute protein inactivation, 4D-live cell imaging and biophysical/mathematical approaches to evaluate role of condensin complexes, one of the most abundant non-histone chromosomal proteins, in the process of chromosome assembly. (europa.eu)
Motor proteins of the conserved kinesin-14 family have important roles in mitotic spindle organization and chromosome segregation. (elifesciences.org)

raising questions about additional mechanisms that may rescue fertility in chromosomal hybrids. (frontiersin.org)
Since Boveri's theory that chromosome abnormalities promote cancer, studies have attempted to elucidate the mechanisms behind the origins of chromosomal aberrations [ 1 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
To gain insight into these mechanisms, we studied the behavior of cells entering mitosis with damaged chromosomes. (ca.gov)

Aberration of asymmetric segregation of centrosomes by genetic manipulation of the centrosomal, microtubule-associated protein Ninein alters fate decisions of NPCs and their maintenance in the VZ of human cortical organoids. (elifesciences.org)
In spite of our lack of attention to chromosomes and chromosome numbers in formally defining species, it is the chromosomes and the genetic material they contain that define true species and control the evolution of new species. (carnivorousplants.org)
The more similar the chromosomes (the genome and epigenome as well as chromosome number) the more likely hybrids will form and reproduce but also the more likely the net result will only be the introgression of genetic material from one species to the other. (carnivorousplants.org)
For the genetic algorithm, see Chromosome (genetic algorithm) . (wikipedia.org)
A chromosome is a long DNA molecule with part or all of the genetic material of an organism. (wikipedia.org)
Wilhelm Roux suggested that each chromosome carries a different genetic configuration , and Boveri was able to test and confirm this hypothesis. (wikipedia.org)
Among the many vital steps, genetic material packaged in chromosomes - half from mom and half from dad - must be faithfully copied and precisely parceled out to the new cells. (fredhutch.org)
These connections create tension that helps chromosomes properly pull apart as the cell divides, ensuring each new cell ends up with exactly the right set of genetic material. (fredhutch.org)
This also allows maternal and paternal chromosomes to increase genetic diversity by swapping large segments. (fredhutch.org)
This region escapes X-chromosome inactivation and has the highest ratio of chromosomal deletions among all genetic disorders. (medscape.com)

Chromosome segregation is the process in eukaryotes by which two sister chromatids formed as a consequence of DNA replication, or paired homologous chromosomes, separate from each other and migrate to opposite poles of the nucleus. (wikipedia.org)

Mitotic chromosome segregation requires the coordination of both regulatory and mechanical molecular machines and culminates in the delivery of two complete sets of chromosomes to two daughter cells. (rupress.org)

This whole package of DNA (genome) and protein (epigenome) in a chromosome is what controls the development and maintenance of eukaryotic organisms (protists, fungi, animals, and plants). (carnivorousplants.org)
Here we perform haplotype-specific analysis of chromosomal copy-number evolution in the progression of Barrett's esophagus (BE) to esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) on multiregional whole-genome sequencing data of BE with dysplasia and microscopic EAC foci. (bvsalud.org)
While abnormal mitosis, including whole-genome duplication, underlies chromosomal copy-number changes, segmental alterations display signatures of successive breakage-fusion-bridge cycles and chromothripsis of unstable dicentric chromosomes. (bvsalud.org)

The process of alignment of paired homologous chromosomes is called synapsis (see Synapsis). (wikipedia.org)

Fitzgerald-Hayes.Mutations from inside the CEN3 trigger aberrant chromosome segregation duringmeiosis during the Saccharomycescerevisiae.Genetics -489 (1989). (realprowa.com)
EDMD1 is caused by mutations in the EMD gene on the X chromosome that codes for the nuclear envelope protein emerin. (medscape.com)

Here, we studied male meiotic chromosome behavior in four hybrid generations (F1-F4) between two chromosomal races of the Wood White butterfly Leptidea sinapis differentiated by at least 24 chromosomal fusions/fissions. (frontiersin.org)

Upon proper segregation, a complete set of chromatids ends up in each of two nuclei, and when cell division is completed, each DNA copy previously referred to as a chromatid is now called a chromosome. (wikipedia.org)
Failure of proper segregation during prophase II can also lead to aneuploid gametes. (wikipedia.org)

The mitotic spindle ensures the faithful segregation of chromosomes. (nature.com)
SGO1-cohesin binding is maintained until the formation of microtubule-kinetochore attachments and is required for faithful chromosome segregation and the maintenance of a stable karyotype. (cbinsights.com)
By protecting centromeric cohesion, SGO1 thus ensures faithful chromosome segregation. (cbinsights.com)
Our ongoing work hints that this specificity is mediated by dynamic interactions between Sgo1 and the B56 subunits, and aims to decipher the functional contribution of these interactions in achieving faithful chromosome segregation My work also unveils a novel interaction between PP2A(B56) and the CPC. (ed.ac.uk)

However, how KMTs bind to chromosomes varies substantially between organisms. (nature.com)
Aurora kinases are found in all organisms in which their function has been conserved throughout evolution, namely the control of chromosome segregation. (lookformedical.com)
Although SMC complexes organise chromosomes in almost all organisms on the planet, little is known about how they are able to function. (cam.ac.uk)
This is a vital process for chromosomal organisation in almost all organisms on the planet - from bacteria to humans. (cam.ac.uk)

This section publishes research on the variety and impact of chromosomal aberrations on all types of human cancer. (biomedcentral.com)
Pixantrone (25 or 100 nM) induces severe chromosomal aberrations and mitotic catastrophe in PANC1 cells. (fluoroprobe.com)

In the past few decades, a canonical model of chromosome segregation has emerged and posited that chromosome motion in anaphase is the sum of two independent, mechanistically distinct processes. (harvard.edu)
[5] In animal cells, chromosomes reach their highest compaction level in anaphase during chromosome segregation . (wikipedia.org)
Expression of Rec8-N in oocytes causes chromosome segregation to be asynchronous and delays its completion by 2-3 hours during anaphase I, probably due to inefficient proteolysis of Rec8-N by separase. (ox.ac.uk)

Understanding the "active chromosome" and how chromosome morphology influences mitosis is pivotal to the understanding of novel routes to mitotic defects and causes for aneuploidy. (europa.eu)

We argue that the observed process of chromosome sorting would, if continued, result in a new homozygous chromosomal race, i.e., in a new karyotype with intermediate chromosome number and, possibly, in a new incipient homoploid hybrid species. (frontiersin.org)

Pixantrone (100 nM) may disrupt chromosome segregation because of generating merotelic kinetochore attachments that cause chromosome non-disjunction [1] . (fluoroprobe.com)
Chromosome-microtubule attachment is facilitated by a macromolecular structure called the kinetochore. (lido-dtp.ac.uk)
Protein phosphatases PP2A(B55) and PP2A(B56), and the Chromosomal Passenger Complex -CPC, containing Aurora B kinase-, establish a signalling network that controls sister chromatid cohesion, kinetochore-microtubule attachments, and timely chromosome segregation. (ed.ac.uk)

If the role of KMTs is to mediate forces between chromosomes and spindle poles, they need to somehow connect to the centrosomes. (nature.com)

As indicated in the mitosis diagram, mitosis is preceded by a round of DNA replication, so that each chromosome forms two copies called chromatids. (wikipedia.org)
Separating the sister chromatids in this state could lead to chromosome breaks, improper segregation, and even cell death. (jove.com)
During chromosome condensation, chromatids become tightly packed. (jove.com)
BubR1- and Polo-coated DNA tethers facilitate poleward segregation of acentric chromatids. (ca.gov)
The acentric chromatid poleward movement is mediated through DNA tethers decorated with BubR1, Polo, INCENP, and Aurora-B. Reduced BubR1 or Polo function results in abnormal segregation of acentric chromatids, a decrease in acentric chromosome tethering, and a great reduction in adult survival. (ca.gov)
We propose that BubR1 and Polo facilitate the accurate segregation of acentric chromatids by maintaining the integrity of the tethers that connect acentric chromosomes to their centric partners. (ca.gov)

This reorganization relies on condensin, a protein complex involved in the condensation of chromosomes. (jove.com)

During mitosis chromosome segregation occurs routinely as a step in cell division (see mitosis diagram). (wikipedia.org)
The mitotic spindle is a dynamic microtubule-based apparatus that ensures the segregation of chromosomes during cell division. (nature.com)
Chromosome segregation is the essential process during cell division. (harvard.edu)
Dynein is involved in the movement of chromosomes and positioning the mitotic spindles for cell division. (wikipedia.org)
Chromosomes are normally visible under a light microscope only during the metaphase of cell division (where all chromosomes are aligned in the center of the cell in their condensed form). (wikipedia.org)
Although chromosomes were long assumed to play rather a passive role during the cell division process, recent evidence suggests that chromosomes play a much more active role in the process of their own segregation. (europa.eu)
found that the Kar3-Cik1 motor binds to and transports a protein complex that is crucial for separating chromosomes during cell division. (elifesciences.org)

I will develop experimental conditions to mimic different degrees of "cohesion fatigue" (partial loss of sister chromatid cohesion), as well as a variety of abnormalities in chromosome structure and size and quantitatively evaluate how chromosome cohesion and condensation influence chromosome dynamics and signaling of the surveillance mechanism that control mitosis (the Spindle Assembly Checkpoint). (europa.eu)
The meiotic spindle in the oocytes of older women frequently exhibits abnormalities in chromosome alignment and microtubular matrix composition (3). (ijfs.ir)

Key component of the cytokinesis checkpoint, a process required to delay abscission to prevent both premature resolution of intercellular chromosome bridges and accumulation of DNA damage: phosphorylates CHMP4C, leading to retain abscission-competent VPS4 (VPS4A and/or VPS4B) at the midbody ring until abscission checkpoint signaling is terminated at late cytokinesis (PubMed:22422861, PubMed:24814515). (nih.gov)
Targeting MCT-1 results in intercellular bridging, chromosome mis-segregation, cytokinesis delay and post-mitotic death. (nhri.org.tw)
Furthermore, loss-function p53 alongside MCT-1 overexpression promote pleiotropic mitotic catastrophes, including centrosome amplification, chromosome missegregation, and cytokinesis failure. (nhri.org.tw)
It mediates proper CHROMOSOME SEGREGATION and contractile ring function during CYTOKINESIS. (lookformedical.com)
This maintenance is accomplished through major cell cycle events such as chromosome replication, segregation, and proper timing of cytokinesis. (illinois.edu)
Although replication, segregation, and cytokinesis have been extensively studied in bacteria, our understanding of how these processes are temporally and spatially coordinated remains incomplete. (illinois.edu)

Some use the term chromosome in a wider sense, to refer to the individualized portions of chromatin in cells, either visible or not under light microscopy. (wikipedia.org)
Moreover, the chromatin pancentromeric signals within the MN were positive after cell exposure to CNF suggesting that the mitotic spindle and the segregation of the chromosomes were affected. (cdc.gov)

Condensins use energy generated by ATP hydrolysis to promote two major processes that facilitate sister chromatid separation: chromosome condensation and sister chromatid resolution. (jove.com)
In addition, I propose to investigate how chromosome condensation and cohesion influence the dynamics of chromosome segregation and how (if) cells adapt when in the presence of abnormal chromosomes. (europa.eu)

If asymmetric segregation of centrosomes occurs in NPCs of the developing human brain, which depends on unique molecular regulators and species-specific cellular composition, remains unknown. (elifesciences.org)

The progression of precancerous lesions to malignancy is often accompanied by increasing complexity of chromosomal alterations but how these alterations arise is poorly understood. (bvsalud.org)

Epigenetic dysregulation from chromosomal transit in micronuclei. (escholarship.org)
Inducing CIN causes widespread epigenetic dysregulation, and chromosomes that transit in micronuclei experience heritable abnormalities in their accessibility long after they have been reincorporated into the primary nucleus. (escholarship.org)

Improper chromosome segregation (see non-disjunction, disomy) can result in aneuploid gametes having either too few or too many chromosomes. (wikipedia.org)

Using a systemic approach, we have identified new communicative processes that keep the onset of chromosome replication and the onset of chromosome segregation highly interconnected. (illinois.edu)
PP2A(B56) and Aurora B also act antagonistically in controlling the processes of error correction and activation of the Spindle Assembly Checkpoint, both of which are essential to achieve chromosome biorientation. (ed.ac.uk)

We aim to obtain a n integrated view of chromosome segregation that considers all the elements of the mitotic machinery , including centrosomes, the different microtubule populations of the mitotic spindle, kinetochores, chromosomes, and the cell cortex. (unige.ch)

To investigate the impact of the variants, the student will introduce the variants in human cells and use cutting-edge super-resolution and deconvolution live-cell microscopy tools to probe changes in chromosome-microtubule attachments induced by variant protein expression. (lido-dtp.ac.uk)

Furthermore, we have investigated the mechanism of chromosome segregation in C. elegans mitotic spindles, human mitotic spindles, and C. elegans female meiotic spindles. (harvard.edu)

The translocation t(8;21)(q22;q22) is one of the most frequent chromosomal abnormalities associated with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) sub type M2. (biomedcentral.com)

The arms of the DNA loop are thread through separate compartments of the MukBEF complex, keeping the DNA loop 'double locked' to promote length-wise compaction of the chromosome. (cam.ac.uk)

In budding yeast, single continuous KMTs span the full pole-to-chromosome distance 6 . (nature.com)
In work published today in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Hutch molecular biologist Dr. Gerry Smith and his team outline just such a model in yeast that explains how chromosomes find their happy medium during sex-cell formation. (fredhutch.org)

Here we show that missegregation of mitotic chromosomes, their sequestration in micronuclei 5,6 and subsequent rupture of the micronuclear envelope 7 profoundly disrupt normal histone post-translational modifications (PTMs), a phenomenon conserved across humans and mice, as well as in cancer and non-transformed cells. (escholarship.org)

This segregation process is also facilitated by cohesin. (wikipedia.org)
SGO1 shares this binding interface with CTCF, indicating that these distinct chromosomal regulators control cohesin through a universal principle. (cbinsights.com)
During mitosis, cohesin is removed from chromosomes in two waves. (cbinsights.com)

Centrosome amplification and chromosome abnormality are frequently identified in n eoplasia and tumorigenesis. (nhri.org.tw)

Chromosome segregation also occurs in prokaryotes. (wikipedia.org)

However, in contrast to eukaryotic chromosome segregation, replication and segregation are not temporally separated. (wikipedia.org)
Instead segregation occurs progressively following replication. (wikipedia.org)
During this stage, segregation occurs by a process similar to that during mitosis, except that in this case prophase II is not preceded by a round of DNA replication. (wikipedia.org)
We have shown that a key regulator of chromosome replication can promote segregation independently of chromosome replication. (illinois.edu)
A key regulator of chromosome segregation can also promote the onset of replication independently of chromosome segregation. (illinois.edu)
We have found that cell size regulation and timing of chromosome replication are interconnected, a connection that is influenced by nutrient availability. (illinois.edu)

In most bacteria, chromosome segregation is achieved by the ParABS system, in which the ParB-bound parS sequence is actively partitioned by ParA. (jic.ac.uk)

We also discuss the segregational model of karyotype evolution and the chromosomal model of homoploid hybrid speciation. (frontiersin.org)

Remarkably, this DSB interference spanned the same chromosome length as DSB competition. (fredhutch.org)
While I-CreI expression produces acentric chromosomes in the majority of neuronal stem cells, remarkably, it has no effect on adult survival. (ca.gov)

However, some species, especially plants and animals with holocentric chromosomes, are known to tolerate chromosomal heterozygosity even for multiple rearrangements. (frontiersin.org)
It is imperative that HR is tightly regulated to ensure that spurious HR or insufficient HR response does not lead to erroneous repair and chromosomal rearrangements. (origantilab.org)

We used the endonuclease I-CreI to generate acentric chromosomes in Drosophila larvae. (ca.gov)
There are two mechanismsof achiesmate segregation inside the Drosophila lady, one of hence means heterochromatic homology. (realprowa.com)

In toto , our results show that the connection between centrosomes and chromosomes is mediated by an anchoring into the entire spindle network and that any direct connections through KMTs are few and likely very transient. (nature.com)

Aurora kinase C is a chromosomal passenger protein that interacts with aurora kinase B in the regulation of MITOSIS. (lookformedical.com)

[1] [2] These chromosomes display a complex three-dimensional structure, which plays a significant role in transcriptional regulation . (wikipedia.org)
from transcription regulation to chromosome segregation. (cam.ac.uk)

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Information Science5

Health Care1

Instability25

Centromeres10

Microtubules12

Recombination11

Centromere10

Lead to chromosome segregation errors1

Meiosis13

Component of the chromosomal passenger3

Errors in chromosome segregation2

Genes5

Structural maintenance of chromosomes2

Proteins4

Mechanisms3

Genetic10

Eukaryotes1

Mitotic chromosome1

Genome3

Synapsis1

Mutations2

Meiotic chromosome1

Proper segregation2

Faithful4

Organisms4

Aberrations2

Anaphase3

Aneuploidy1

Process of chromosome1

Kinetochore3

Spindle poles1

Chromatids6

Condensin1

Cell division7

Abnormalities in chromosome2

Cytokinesis6

Chromatin2

Condensation2

Cellular1

Progression1

Epigenetic2

Improper1

Processes2

Kinetochores1

Microtubule1

Elegans1

Acute myeloid1

Compaction1

Yeast2

Disrupt1

Cohesin3

Centrosome1

Prokaryotes1

Replication6

PARs1

Karyotype1

Remarkably2

Rearrangements2

Drosophila2

Centrosomes1

Aurora kinase1

Regulation2