Chromium compounds. Medical search. Frequent questions

1984). "Urinary excretion of chromium as an indicator of exposure to trivalent chromium sulphate in leather tanning. (cdc.gov)
Toxicological Review of Trivalent Chromium. (cdc.gov)
Ferrous reduces hexavalent chromium to insoluble trivalent chromium, which can be readily settled out of waste streams as a particulate. (iwaponline.com)
Chromium is present in food in the form of trivalent chromium or chromium (III). (familiprix.com)
Chromium (more specifically, trivalent chromium ) is a mineral required in small quantities by the body. (msdmanuals.com)

No. The Deck Elite coating does not contain cadmium, nor does it contain chromium or chromium compounds. (grkfasteners.com)
Cadmium and Chromium (Hexavalent compounds) which are known to the State of California to cause birth defects or other reproductive harm. (tintworld.com)

Anti-diabetic activity of chromium picolinate and biotin. (cambridge.org)
The objective of the present study was to evaluate anti-diabetic effects of chromium picolinate (CrPic) and biotin supplementations in type 2 diabetic rats. (cambridge.org)
Chromium Picolinate is another effective compound of PhenQ , which reduces the hunger for carbohydrates. (horsepigcow.com)
Groups of 50 male and 50 female B6C3F1 mice were fed diets containing 0, 2000, 10000 or 50000 ppm chromium picolinate monohydrate for 105 weeks. (europa.eu)
The results indicated the stability of chromium picolinate monohydrate as a bulk chemical for at least 2 weeks when stored in sealed amber glass containers at temperature up to 60°C. Periodic reanalyses of the bulk chemical were performed during the 2-year study using HPLC-UV, and no degradation of the bulk chemical was detected. (europa.eu)
Picolinate is often paired with chromium in supplements ( chromium picolinate), supposedly to help the body absorb chromium more efficiently. (msdmanuals.com)
Chromium picolinate is used for diabetes, high cholesterol, as well as a hormonal disorder in which women have enlarged ovaries with cysts (polycystic ovary syndrome or PCOS), and many other conditions, but there is no good scientific evidence to support most of these uses. (msdmanuals.com)
There is also no evidence that chromium picolinate benefits body composition or cholesterol and triglyceride levels. (msdmanuals.com)

The carcinogenic compounds of chromium were not proven in one, though, done on lab rats. (educationindex.com)
It was later decided to include nitions of carcinogens were based on pollution, occupational exposure to a review of lifestyle factors that are the January 2013 list of agents classified carcinogenic compounds, and lifestyle known to influence cancer risk. (who.int)

the oxidation state +5 is only realized in few compounds but are intermediates in many reactions involving oxidations by chromate. (wikipedia.org)
Oxidation of this ore by air in molten alkali gives sodium chromate, Na 2 CrO 4 in which the chromium is in the +6 oxidation state. (webelements.com)
The trivalent form, Cr(III), is the most stable oxidation state of chromium and compounds/complexes containing Cr(III) are common in natural systems ( Vaiopoulou & Gikas 2012 ). (iwaponline.com)
means chromium in an oxidation state of +6. (gc.ca)

Our bodies can convert low levels of chromium trioxide to the harmless compound chromium (III) oxide. (ns.nl)
Employees are not exposed to levels of chromium trioxide higher than the permitted standard. (ns.nl)
High levels of chromium were definite in all tests. (educationindex.com)
FDA product testing has also identified high levels of chromium in cinnamon samples and recalled apple cinnamon puree pouches. (cdc.gov)

The American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) adopted new Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) for Chromium and Inorganic Compounds. (lincolnelectric.com)

All measurements for total chromium (7440473) were below the OSHA limit, but about 85% of these measurements exceeded the NIOSH recommended limit of 0.001mg/m3. (cdc.gov)
Total Chromium (Cr) when inhaled, chromium compounds are respiratory tract irritants and can cause pulmonary sensitization. (change.org)

Emerald is a form of beryl (a beryllium aluminium silicate) which is green because of the inclusion of a little chromium into the beryl crytal lattice in place of some of the aluminium ions. (webelements.com)

This kind of reaction is also observed with solutions of chrome alum and other water-soluble chromium(III) salts. (wikipedia.org)
Fume particles contain a wide variety of oxides and salts of metals and other compounds, which are produced mainly from electrodes, filler wire and flux materials. (who.int)

In June 2015, chromium trioxide was detected in old layers of paint on some of our trains. (ns.nl)
In solid form, chromium trioxide is not harmful to people or the environment. (ns.nl)
Chromium trioxide is only harmful in vapour or dust form and in cases of long-term and/or frequent exposure. (ns.nl)
During standard independent research when preparing for work on the train type DDM1 at NS subsidiary NedTrain, chromium trioxide was discovered in the old layers of paint and in some components. (ns.nl)
NedTrain has compiled an inventory of where else chromium trioxide may be present and investigated whether the substance could be released during work activities. (ns.nl)
This revealed that chromium trioxide could be present in old layers of paint on the exterior of the following train types SGM, ICM, ICR, Mat'64, loc DDAR, DDM1, E1700, VIRM and may be present in certain fasteners in other train types. (ns.nl)
As soon as the chromium trioxide had been detected, all involved colleagues, the works council, the iSZW and shortly afterwards the trade unions, were informed. (ns.nl)
After all, chromium trioxide raises many emotions, especially after reports from the Ministry of Defence on the subject. (ns.nl)
We immediately enlisted the help of a specialised external bureau to conduct investigation into exposure to chromium trioxide on our behalf. (ns.nl)
For current and former employees (including temporary workers) of NedTrain with questions about chromium trioxide, an independent information point has been set up at the CAOP. (ns.nl)
Pyridinium dichromate is the pyridinium salt of dichromate that can be obtained by addition of pyridine to a solution of chromium trioxide in water. (organic-chemistry.org)

Chromium is a member of group 6, of the transition metals. (wikipedia.org)
Emissions from Sludge Incinerators with Venturi and Tray Scrubbers and Wet Electrostatic Precipitators: Metals, Chromium and Nickel Compounds, and Organics. (epa.gov)
First of all they established the concept by preparing similar compounds with a great number of other metals. (nobelprize.org)

Binary compounds with halogens (known as halides), oxygen (known as oxides), hydrogen (known as hydrides), and other compounds of chromium where known. (webelements.com)

Fumes from the welding of stainless-steel and other alloys contain nickel compounds and chromium[VI] and [III]. (who.int)

Where exposures are assessed to be over the TLV, many approaches can be considered in the workplace for reducing exposure levels to contaminants to levels below the TLV, including these new TLVs related to chromium compounds. (lincolnelectric.com)
A Short-Term Exposure Limit (STEL) of 0.0005 mg/m3 for inhalable hexavalent chromium compounds was also established. (lincolnelectric.com)
The Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) of 5.0 µg/m3, remains the US exposure limit for Cr(VI) compounds enforced by OSHA. (lincolnelectric.com)
The ACGIH is a long-standing body that is comprised of professional industrial hygienists and environmental health scientists whose fundamental task is to review applicable health studies, monitor reports related to the health effects and risks of exposure to compounds encountered in the workplace, and to advise regarding safe exposure levels. (lincolnelectric.com)
1985). "An analysis of lung cancer risk from exposure to hexavalent chromium. (cdc.gov)
1997). "Community exposure and medical screening near chromium waste sites in New Jersey. (cdc.gov)
1988). "Effects derived from long-term low-level chromium exposure in ferro-alloy metallurgy. (cdc.gov)
Chronic, prolonged inhalational and skin exposure to chromium(VI) has been associated with chronic lung disease and ulceration of skin and mucous membranes. (cdc.gov)
Medical treatment for chromium exposure is supportive as indicated from the clinical presentation. (cdc.gov)
There is no specific antidote to treat chromium exposure, and there is no evidence to support the use of chelation therapy. (cdc.gov)
Mean chromium levels in the general U.S. population are below limits of detection (LOD) in whole blood (LOD=0.41 µg/L) and urine (LOD=0.19 µg/L), as reported in the CDC National Report on Human Exposure to Environmental Chemicals . (cdc.gov)

Water-stable chromium(II) chloride CrCl 2 that can be made by reducing chromium(III) chloride with zinc. (wikipedia.org)
The material is based on a chromium-free, aluminium-zinc compound. (hella.com)
Plants and supplements: zinc, calcium carbonate, and antacids (wait two hours between taking these products and chromium supplements). (familiprix.com)

1993). "Mechanisms of chromium carcinogenicity and toxicity. (cdc.gov)
Mechanisms of chromium toxicity, carcinogenicity and allergenicity: review of the literature from 1985 to 2000. (cdc.gov)
Hexavalent chromium is of particular concern because of its aquatic toxicity, and an increasing number of wastewater works have effluent discharge limits to protect receiving water courses, some as low as 8 μg Cr L −1 . (iwaponline.com)
Ingested chromium has low toxicity, which can be partially explained by its low rate of absorption. (familiprix.com)

The resulting bright blue solution created from dissolving chromium(II) chloride is stable at neutral pH. (wikipedia.org)
Commercially available chromium(III) chloride hydrate is the dark green complex [CrCl2(H2O)4]Cl. (wikipedia.org)
If anhydrous violet chromium(III) chloride is dissolved in water, the violet solution turns green after some time as the chloride in the inner coordination sphere is replaced by water. (wikipedia.org)
They exist at an equilibrium, determined by pH: 2 [CrO4]2− + 2 H+ ⇌ [Cr2O7]2− + H2O Chromium(VI) oxyhalides are known also and include chromyl fluoride (CrO2F2) and chromyl chloride (CrO 2Cl 2). (wikipedia.org)

Absorption of hexavalent chromium by skin in man. (cdc.gov)
Intestinal absorption of trace quantities of chromium. (cdc.gov)
The digestive tract environment and other foods and supplements are important factors in chromium absorption. (familiprix.com)
Chromium supplements interfere with iron absorption. (msdmanuals.com)

means equipment used to control emissions of hexavalent chromium compounds produced from or during chromium electroplating, chromium anodizing or reverse etching. (gc.ca)
means air that is introduced into emissions produced from or during chromium electroplating, chromium anodizing or reverse etching and that dilutes those emissions. (gc.ca)

Siberian red lead (crocoite, PrCrO 4 ) is a chromium ore prized as a red pigment for oil paints. (webelements.com)
TSCA Definition 2008: An inorganic pigment that is the reaction product of high temperature calcination in which titanium (IV) oxide, chromium (III) oxide and antimony oxide in varying amounts are homogeneously and ionically interdiffused to form a crystalline matrix of rutile. (haz-map.com)
Lead chromate, a chemical compound comprising lead and chromium, is a yellow pigment that can enhance the brightness of a substance. (medicalnewstoday.com)

However, despite several erroneous claims, chromium hexafluoride (as well as all higher hexahalides) remains unknown, as of 2020. (wikipedia.org)
The oxidation number of chromium in chromium hexafluoride is 6 . (webelements.com)
The table shows element percentages for CrF 6 (chromium hexafluoride). (webelements.com)

The new TLV is 0.0002 mg/m3 for inhalable hexavalent chromium compounds, representing a 250-fold reduction from the previous 0.05 mg/m3 TLV. (lincolnelectric.com)
The TLV for inhalable hexavalent chromium compounds [Cr(VI)] was reduced from 0.05 mg/m3 to a new TLV of 0.0002 mg/m3. (lincolnelectric.com)

British Library EThOS: Crystallographic studies of mono- to hexa-nuclear organometallic compounds of the chromium, iron and cobalt triads. (bl.uk)

it is not normally necessary to make chromium in the laboratory as it is so readily available commercially. (webelements.com)
The most useful source of chromium commercially is the ore chromite, FeCr 2 O 4 . (webelements.com)

It is dehydrated by heating to form the green chromium(III) oxide (Cr2O3), a stable oxide with a crystal structure identical to that of corundum. (wikipedia.org)
Similarly, traces of chromium incorporated into the crystal lattice of corundum (crystalline aluminium oxide, Al 2 O 3 ) as a replacement for some of the Al 3+ ions results in another highly coloured gem stone, in this case the red ruby. (webelements.com)

The ACGIH states that this new TLV for Cr(VI) compounds should minimize the potential for respiratory sensitization and the likelihood of asthmatic responses in already sensitized individuals. (lincolnelectric.com)

The Cr3+ ion has a similar radius (63 pm) to Al3+ (radius 50 pm), and they can replace each other in some compounds, such as in chrome alum and alum. (wikipedia.org)
Although the fume from some welding consumables does contain chromium and chromium compounds, it appears that the ACGIH's latest TLV reduction for hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) is based on animal studies and studies involving workers in the chromium smelting, ferrochromium production, chromite ore mining and chrome plating industries. (lincolnelectric.com)
The new TLV for inhalable inorganic chromium (III) compounds is based upon studies of Finnish chrome workers. (lincolnelectric.com)
Chromium(VI) and chromium(III) are used for chrome plating, dyes and pigments, leather tanning, and wood preserving. (cdc.gov)

for their pioneering work performed independently on the chemistry of the organometallic, so called sandwich compounds. (nobelprize.org)
The birth of organometallic chemistry can be traced to the 18th century, but the first organometallic compound proper was prepared 1849 by Frankland in Great Britain. (nobelprize.org)
Organometallic compounds of this type have since been prepared and studied in considerable detail. (nobelprize.org)
The basic concept of organometallic chemistry was from 1949 and onwards widened through important contributions by the two British chemists Dewar and Chatt and a number of other scientists who investigated compounds where a metal atom was bonded to a bond between two carbon atoms rather than to the individual carbon atoms. (nobelprize.org)
The small molecules which replace the plate molecules on one side of the metal atom were first carbonmonoxide, CO, and later methyl groups like in the first prepared organometallic compound with direct bonds between the metal and carbon atoms. (nobelprize.org)

Both the chromate and dichromate anions are strong oxidizing reagents at low pH: Cr 2O2− 7 + 14 H 3O+ + 6 e− → 2 Cr3+ + 21 H 2O (ε0 = 1.33 V) They are, however, only moderately oxidizing at high pH: CrO2− 4 + 4 H 2O + 3 e− → Cr(OH) 3 + 5 OH− (ε0 = −0.13 V) Chromium(VI) compounds in solution can be detected by adding an acidic hydrogen peroxide solution. (wikipedia.org)
Conversely, acidic foods, when processed or handled with stainless steel kitchen utensils, have a higher chromium concentration. (familiprix.com)
Chromium(VI) compounds may be converted to chromium(III) in acidic environments. (cdc.gov)

The factory produced chromium-based chemicals used in the leather tanning industry. (worstpolluted.org)
The chemicals are referred to as "chromium blue. (worstpolluted.org)
Compound groups are groups of chemicals that share structural or chemical features. (pharosproject.net)
This compound group is populated by taking the more general compound group and subtracting the chemicals found in the relevent Annex. (pharosproject.net)

Chromium(III) can be obtained by dissolving elemental chromium in acids like hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid, but it can also be formed through the reduction of chromium(VI) by cytochrome c7. (wikipedia.org)
The new TLV for chromium compounds includes a .003 mg/m3 limit for inhalable chromium (III) compounds, which is a 167-fold reduction from the previous 0.5 mg/m3 TLV. (lincolnelectric.com)
1987). "Circadian reduction of chromium in the gastric environment. (cdc.gov)

Toxic chromium compounds from an abandoned chemical factory in Ranipet, India, leach into the watershed. (worstpolluted.org)
Chromium-6 is a chemical compound that was made famous in a movie about environmental activist Erin Brockovich. (azpbs.org)
This discovery had a great impact on the chemical thinking of the time, mainly because it was the first chemical compound between a metal atom Zn and an organic radical methyl CH 3 . (nobelprize.org)
In the chemical language of our time it was the first compound which contained chemical bonds between a metal atom and carbon atoms (see figure 1 ). (nobelprize.org)
It is estimated that a tobacco leaf contains more than 6000 chemical compounds that undergo a lot of changes till the final product is formed. (who.int)

Compound groups are useful because in some cases, lists will instead identify a group of structurally similar compounds (such as lead compounds) as all having the same hazard. (pharosproject.net)

Welders who weld painted mild steel can also be exposed to a range of organic compounds produced by pyrolysis. (who.int)
Inorganic or organic compounds that contain arsenic. (bvsalud.org)

Chromium(III) occurs naturally in the environment and is an essential nutrient. (cdc.gov)
Chromium(III) is considered an essential nutrient and can be found in dietary supplements. (cdc.gov)

A large number of chromium(III) compounds are known, such as chromium(III) nitrate, chromium(III) acetate, and chromium(III) oxide. (wikipedia.org)

The red chromium(II) acetate (Cr2(O2CCH3)4) is somewhat famous. (wikipedia.org)

Chromium is a naturally occurring element found in rocks, animals, plants, soil, and in volcanic dust and gases. (cdc.gov)
Evidenced proved that indoor dust was highly toxic and yielded a link between the dust and chromium levels. (educationindex.com)

Bis(benzene)chromium and chromium hexacarbonyl are highlights in organochromium chemistry. (wikipedia.org)

Most of chromium's compounds are soluble when exposed to stomach acids. (familiprix.com)

Chromium is a naturally occurring element with trace levels normally found in the diet. (cdc.gov)

Chromium(III) tends to form octahedral complexes. (wikipedia.org)

The only binary compound is the volatile chromium(V) fluoride (CrF5). (wikipedia.org)

The oxide is then further reduced with aluminium or silicon to form chromium metal. (webelements.com)

Chromium forms a compound in the body that seems to enhance the effects of insulin and lower glucose levels. (msdmanuals.com)
Although chromium deficiency impairs insulin function, supplementation has not been shown to help people with diabetes, except for small changes in blood sugar. (msdmanuals.com)
Chromium might tend to lower blood sugar, particularly when combined with insulin or metformin , but neither this drug combination nor others have been proven. (msdmanuals.com)

Turmeric lead and chromium concentrations were highest in the Dhaka and Munshiganj regions (minimal turmeric producers), where the team detected a maximum concentration of 1,152 micrograms/gram (µg/g), compared with 690 µg/g in the nine major turmeric-producing districts. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Lead chromate, which contains chromium(VI), has been used to adulterate turmeric and other spices. (cdc.gov)

People who are fed through a stomach tube systematically receive a chromium-enriched nutritive solution to prevent long term deficiency, which could lead to diabetic symptoms. (familiprix.com)
Chromium Deficiency Chromium deficiency is rare in developed countries and can result from intravenous feeding (total parenteral nutrition) used for a long time. (msdmanuals.com)
Chromium supplements should not be used by people with kidney or liver disorders or by people with iron deficiency. (msdmanuals.com)

A number of published carcinogenicity studies have been performed with chromium (III) oxide. (europa.eu)

These changes are not specific to the welding industry, but may impact welding and its allied processes that contain chromium compounds and/or may contain chromium compounds in the fume. (lincolnelectric.com)
The fume from some welding consumables - and from some other allied processes - does contain chromium and chromium compounds which is why this change is of importance to the welding industry. (lincolnelectric.com)
Chromium(VI) and chromium(0) are generally produced by industrial processes. (cdc.gov)
Chromium (Cr) is an abundant and useful transition metal, considered a micronutrient in its trivalent form and employed in a multitude of industrial processes in its other oxidation states (especially the hexavalent), due to its hardness and resistance to tarnishing. (iwaponline.com)

Some of them are well known, or rather ill-known, because of the environmental hazards they have caused, such as organo-mercury and organo-lead compounds. (nobelprize.org)

Mixed phase dye based on titanium dioxide (rutile) where chromium & antimony ions partially replace titanium ions in the lattice. (haz-map.com)

Chromium(II) compounds are uncommon, in part because they readily oxidize to chromium(III) derivatives in air. (wikipedia.org)
Curiously, DDC have gone undetected in studies of cultured cells using the alkaline elution (AE) technique, whereas chromium-mediated DNA-protein crosslinks (DPC) were readily detected by AE. (duke.edu)

Chromium is an essential trace element and has a role in glucose metabolism. (webelements.com)
In anything other than trace amounts, chromium compounds should be regarded as highly toxic. (webelements.com)

An amount (or concentration) of a metal's compound is the sum of the amounts (or concentrations) of that metal in those compounds. (ontario.ca)

Chromium atoms have 24 electrons and the shell structure is 2.8.13.1. (webelements.com)
Still more striking was, however, the suggestion independently by Fischer and Wilkinson that there existed compounds which contained bonds between metal atoms and a whole molecule, arranged in a way which has not been considered as possible or probable earlier. (nobelprize.org)

Chromium is a micronutrient, or small molecule, that is necessary for various reactions occurring inside the body. (familiprix.com)
Little information is available to measure adverse reactions from excess chromium. (familiprix.com)

Unbeknownst to consumers, that allowed for the inclusion of arsenic, lead and hexavalent chromium. (lacykatzen.com)
The researchers used mass spectrometry and X-ray fluorescence to identify the lead and chromium concentrations in all 524 of the samples that they collected. (medicalnewstoday.com)
While harm resulting from ingesting lead-contaminated food is relatively well researched , the effects of eating food contaminated with chromium(VI), as a constituent of lead chromate, are not well understood. (cdc.gov)

Chemicals and Drugs5

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Trivalent Chromium5

Cadmium2

Picolinate8

Carcinogenic compounds2

Oxidation state4

Levels of chromium4

Inorganic Compounds1

Total chromium2

Beryllium1

Salts2

Trioxide11

Metals3

Oxides1

Nickel1

Exposure11

Zinc3

Toxicity4

Chloride4

Absorption4

Emissions2

Pigment3

Hexafluoride3

0.052

Cobalt1

Commercially2

Corundum2

Respiratory1

Chrome4

Organometallic5

Acidic3

Chemicals4

Reduction3

Chemical5

Similar compounds1

Organic compounds2

Essential nutrient2

Nitrate1

Acetate1

Dust2

Benzene1

Acids1

Naturally occurri1

Complexes1

Binary1

Silicon1

Insulin3

Turmeric2

Deficiency3

Carcinogenicity1

Processes4

Mercury1

Lattice1

Readily2

Trace2

Concentration1

Atoms2

Reactions2

Lead3