• Histone H2B is one of the 5 main histone proteins involved in the structure of chromatin in eukaryotic cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • Similar to other histone proteins, histone H2B has a distinct histone fold that is optimized for histone-histone as well as histone-DNA interactions. (wikipedia.org)
  • Hyperacetylation of histone tails helps DNA-binding proteins access chromatin by weakening histone-DNA and nucleosome-nucleosome interactions. (wikipedia.org)
  • Furthermore, acetylation of a specific lysine residue binds to bromine-containing domains of certain transcription and chromatin regulatory proteins. (wikipedia.org)
  • These variants, also called isoforms, are proteins that are structurally very similar to the regular histone H2B but feature some specific variations in their amino acid sequence. (wikipedia.org)
  • Histone H2B isoforms interact differently with other proteins, are found in specific regions of chromatin, have different types and numbers of post-translational modifications, and are more or less stable than regular histone H2B. (wikipedia.org)
  • Histones are basic nuclear proteins responsible for nucleosome structure of the chromosomal fiber in eukaryotes. (nih.gov)
  • This review will focus on the role of two classes of chromatin remodelling enzymes, those that alter histones by the addition or removal of acetyl and methyl groups and those of the SWI/SNF family of proteins that change the topology of the nucleosome and its DNA strand via the hydrolysis of ATP, and we shall examine the consequence of mutations in, or mis-expression of, these factors. (ox.ac.uk)
  • in eukaryotic cells the most important of these proteins are the histones . (wikipedia.org)
  • Lysine methylation is definitely a principal mechanism involved in chromatin rules via changes of histone proteins (1). (antiviralbiologic.com)
  • Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are a family of epigenetic enzymes that suppress gene transcription by removing acetyl groups from histone proteins ( Kouzarides, 2007 ). (jneurosci.org)
  • Histone proteins wrap DNA around in small globular entities commonly known as nucleosomes. (jinnah.edu)
  • A single nucleosome consists of about 150 base pairs of DNA sequence wrapped around a core of histone proteins. (genome.gov)
  • Epigenetic modifications are chemical changes to DNA and to certain proteins, called histones, that DNA wraps around. (edu.au)
  • Histone acetyltransferases (HATs), histone methyltransferases and histone deacetylases (HDACs) and histone demethylases that modify histone proteins. (edu.au)
  • Processes that are considered to be epigenetic encompass DNA methylation (in which the cell silences specific genes by attaching methyl groups to bases that make up the DNA sequence) and wrapping the primary DNA sequence around protein complexes into nucleosomes , which are made up of proteins called histones . (scienceblogs.com)
  • DNA in the nucleus is present in the form of chromatin, and that consists of a complex together with proteins. (hstalks.com)
  • The main proteins found in chromatin are called histones. (hstalks.com)
  • They are small, basic proteins called H3, H4, H2A, and H2B for the core histones and H1 for the linker histone. (hstalks.com)
  • RATIONALE: Post-translational modification of histone proteins are major mechanisms that modify chromatin structure and regulate gene expression in eukaryotes. (cdc.gov)
  • and nonhistone proteins (CHROMOSOMAL PROTEINS, NON-HISTONE) found within the nucleus of a cell. (bvsalud.org)
  • Epigenetic changes mainly take place through chemical modification of DNA (DNA methylation) and histones, the proteins around which the DNA helix winds itself. (lu.se)
  • The protein structure that surrounds the DNA, chromatin, largely comprises histone proteins and can be open or closed and thus allow or prevent factors binding to the DNA. (lu.se)
  • Epigenetic modifications of the histone proteins, such as acetylation or methylation, affect how tightly the DNA is packed around the histones and thus how accessible the DNA sequence is. (lu.se)
  • As well as DNA methylation, there are also other epigenetic mechanisms such as modification of histone proteins. (lu.se)
  • Heterochromatic domains are enriched with repressive histone marks, including histone H3 lysine 9 methylation, written by lysine methyltransferases (KMTs). (nih.gov)
  • Cells lacking ORCA show alterations in chromatin architecture, with significantly reduced H3K9 di- and tri-methylation at specific chromatin sites. (nih.gov)
  • Methylation of histone H3 K4 mediates association of the Isw1p ATPase with chromatin. (harvard.edu)
  • We show that on certain actively transcribed genes, the Isw1p chromatin remodeling ATPase requires K4 H3 methylation to associate with chromatin in vivo. (harvard.edu)
  • Analysis of one such gene, MET16, shows that the enzymatic activities of Set1p and Isw1p are functionally connected: Set1p methylation and Isw1p ATPase generate specific chromatin changes at the 5′ end of the gene, are necessary for the correct distribution of RNA polymerase II over the coding region, and are required for the recruitment of the cleavage and polyadenylation factor Rna15p. (harvard.edu)
  • We found that reducing the levels of histone H4 lysine 16 acetylation or H3 lysine 79 methylation partially suppresses these sensitivities and reduces spontaneous and genotoxin-induced activation of the DNA damage-response kinase Rad53 in hst3Δ hst4Δ cells. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • Changes of histone protein by lysine methylation is a principal chromatin regulatory mechanism (Shi Y. an connection between p53 and 53BP1. (antiviralbiologic.com)
  • The acknowledgement of histone CRF2-S1 H4 dimethylated at lysine 20 (H4K20me2) from the 53BP1(TD) offers been shown to be important for 53BP1 localization to DSBs: linking chromatin structure lysine methylation and DSB signaling (10). (antiviralbiologic.com)
  • Our study explores the possibility that regulation of histone methylation by hPaf1 can contribute towards alteration in gene expression by nucleosomal rearrangement. (nebraska.edu)
  • Here, we show that knockdown of hPaf1/PD2 leads to decreased di- and tri-methylation at histone H3 lysine 4 residues in pancreatic cancer cells. (nebraska.edu)
  • Overall, our results suggest that hPaf1/PD2 in association with MLL1 regulates methylation of H3K4 residues, as well as interacts and regulates nuclear shuttling of chromatin remodeling protein CHD1, facilitating its function in pancreatic cancer cells. (nebraska.edu)
  • and regulation of histone methylation. (nih.gov)
  • The results showed that prolonged estrogen deprivation and re-stimulation result in time-dependent epigenetic changes (DNA methylation and histone modifications) across diverse genomic regions. (who.int)
  • EEPD includes PubMed citations for studies that report associations of epigenetic marks-such as DNA methylation, microRNAs, and histone modifications-with diseases and traits in human populations. (cdc.gov)
  • Histone H4 acetylation at Lysine 16 (H4K16ac) is a key epigenetic mark involved in gene regulation, DNA repair and chromatin remodeling, and though it is known to be essential for embryonic development, its role during adult life is still poorly understood. (csic.es)
  • Histone acetylation regulates most DNA transactions and is dynamically controlled by highly conserved enzymes. (nature.com)
  • Specifically, shortening the Epl1 linker causes severe growth defects and reduced H4 acetylation levels over broad chromatin regions in fission yeast. (nature.com)
  • Acetylation of histone H4 by Esa1 is required for DNA double-strand break repair. (nature.com)
  • Acetylation and ubiquitination are examples of two post-translational modifications that affect the function of histone H2B in particular ways. (wikipedia.org)
  • In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, histone H3 lysine 56 acetylation (H3K56Ac) is present in newly synthesized histones deposited throughout the genome during DNA replication. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • HDACs and histone acetylases together regulate gene expression by histone acetylation and de-acetylation. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Indeed, in eukaroytes, the whole histone-DNA complex is known as chromatin, and the "tightness" of the wrapping of the DNA into chromatin is an important mechanism by which the cell controls gene expressions, and this "tightness" can be controlled by a process known as histone acetylation, in which acetyl groups are tacked onto histones (or removed from them). (scienceblogs.com)
  • Acetylation removes a positive charge on the histones, thereby decreasing its ability to interact with negatively charged phosphate groups elsewhere on the histones. (scienceblogs.com)
  • We performed chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq) using a histone 3 lysine 9 acetylation (H3K9ac) mark in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with atherosclerosis with T2D (n = 8) or without T2D (ND, n = 10). (lu.se)
  • These findings suggest that ISWI plays a global role in chromatin compaction in vivo by promoting the association of the linker histone H1 with chromatin. (ca.gov)
  • Here we show that linker histone H1 is required for the underreplication (UR) phenomenon in Drosophila salivary glands. (elsevierpure.com)
  • The linker histone, H1, interacts with linker DNA between nucleosomes and functions in the compaction of chromatin into higher order structures. (nih.gov)
  • Relaxed Chromatin Formation and Weak Suppression of Homologous Pairing by the Testis-Specific Linker Histone H1T. (nih.gov)
  • Linker histone variant H1T targets rDNA repeats. (nih.gov)
  • These results suggested that the testis-specific linker histone, H1T, possesses a specific function to produce the chromatin architecture required for proper chromosome regulation, such as homologous recombination. (nih.gov)
  • Imitation SWI (ISWI) and other ATP-dependent chromatin-remodeling factors play key roles in transcription and other processes by altering the structure and positioning of nucleosomes. (ca.gov)
  • NuA4 has the unique capacity to acetylate histone targets located several nucleosomes away from its recruitment site. (nature.com)
  • The wrapping continues until all chromatin has been packaged with the nucleosomes. (wikipedia.org)
  • Two molecules of each of the four core histones (H2A, H2B, H3, and H4) form an octamer, around which approximately 146 bp of DNA is wrapped in repeating units, called nucleosomes. (nih.gov)
  • How histone variants such as H2AZ are incorporated into nucleosomes has been obscure. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Set1p methylates lysine 4 (K4) of histone H3 and regulates the expression of many genes in yeast. (harvard.edu)
  • Furthermore the binding affinity of 53BP1(TD) for p53K382me2 was reasonably more powerful than that noticed for H4K20me2 and p53K370me2 (15.5 μm 27.2 and 27.0 μm respectively) aswell as multiple various other histone lysine dimethylation sites and potential or reported p53 dimethylation sites (Fig. 1 and and in cells. (antiviralbiologic.com)
  • Epigenetics Chromatin, 11(1):19. (ens-lyon.fr)
  • The Chromatin and Epigenetics Program currently encompasses 34 faculty members, and participation of several laboratories from the National Institute of Environmental Health. (unc.edu)
  • The chromatin and epigenetics program at UNC provides undergraduate, graduate students and postdoctoral fellows with an exceptional training environment to conduct their research studies. (unc.edu)
  • Monthly chromatin group meetings involving all of the epigenetics community at UNC and NIEHS allow trainees the opportunity to hear cutting edge science and to receive feedback on their research. (unc.edu)
  • This collective group has formed the Carolina Chromatin Consortium (C3), which focuses on the organization of team science groups and tracking key seminars and events related to epigenetics. (unc.edu)
  • Graduate students in the Chromatin and Epigenetics program will be able to earn a certificate in Chromatin and Epigenetics that can be an additional element of their doctoral training. (unc.edu)
  • This certificate can be earned through participation in the many ongoing events focused on epigenetics at UNC, presenting at an international meeting, and by taking an advanced topics course in chromatin and epigenetics where students participate in the analysis of recent impactful papers in the field. (unc.edu)
  • Reid, J. L., Iyer, V. R., Brown, P. O. & Struhl, K. Coordinate regulation of yeast ribosomal protein genes is associated with targeted recruitment of Esa1 histone acetylase. (nature.com)
  • Histone H2B is a lightweight structural protein made of 126 amino acids. (wikipedia.org)
  • Histone H2B is a structural protein that helps organize eukaryotic DNA. (wikipedia.org)
  • H1 directly interacts with the Suppressor of UR (SUUR) protein and is required for SUUR binding to chromatin in vivo. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Here we use a biochemical approach to identify a protein, Isw1p, which recognizes chromatin preferentially when it is di- and trimethylated at K4 H3. (harvard.edu)
  • The protein concentration (1 mg/ml, 89 µM) is calculated using the molar extinction coefficient for Histone H4 (5120) and its absorbance at 280 nm (3,4). (neb.com)
  • Researchers demonstrated that the SARS-CoV-2 protein functions as a histone mimic to disrupt the epigenetic regulation of host cells. (news-medical.net)
  • Also, a reduction in hPaf1 level resulted in reduced MLL1 expression and a corresponding decrease in the level of CHD1 (Chromohelicase DNA-binding protein 1), an ATPase dependent chromatin remodeling enzyme that specifically binds to H3K4 di and trimethyl marks. (nebraska.edu)
  • Zheng Q, Osunsade A, David Y. Protein arginine deiminase 4 antagonizes methlyglyoxal-induced histone glycation. (mskcc.org)
  • RESULTS: We report here the surprising observation that treatment of a human bronchial epithelial cell line, BEAS-2B cells, with the inhibitor histone deacetylase, trichostatin A, or the histone acetyltransferase inhibitor, anacardic acid, strongly inhibited induction of both IL-6 and IL-8 protein upon stimulation with organic dust. (cdc.gov)
  • CONCLUSION: These data suggest that chromatin remodeling regulates organic dust-induced IL-6 and IL-8 protein production. (cdc.gov)
  • They bind to structural components (emerin, nesprin), chromatin components (histone), signal transduction molecules (protein kinase C), and several gene regulatory molecules. (medscape.com)
  • We demonstrate that ORCA acts as a scaffold for the establishment of H3K9 KMT complex and its association and activity at specific chromatin sites is crucial for the organization of heterochromatin structure. (nih.gov)
  • Many of these changes occur within so-called enhancer regions of DNA that are known to regulate gene transcription and are associated with specific chromatin configuration. (who.int)
  • ISWI regulates higher-order chromatin structure and histone H1 assembly in vivo. (ca.gov)
  • Recent studies have also implicated ISWI in the regulation of higher-order chromatin structure, but its role in this process remains poorly understood. (ca.gov)
  • The expression of a dominant-negative form of ISWI leads to dramatic alterations in higher-order chromatin structure, including the apparent decondensation of both mitotic and polytene chromosomes. (ca.gov)
  • Histones are subject to numerous post-translational modifications that correlate with the state of higher-order chromatin structure and gene expression. (silverchair.com)
  • Here we show, using a LacI-tethering system, that JIL-1 mediated ectopic histone H3S10 phosphorylation is sufficient to induce a change in higher-order chromatin structure from a condensed heterochromatin-like state to a more open euchromatic state. (silverchair.com)
  • These findings provide direct evidence that the epigenetic histone tail modification of H3S10 phosphorylation at interphase can function as a causative regulator of higher-order chromatin structure in Drosophila in vivo. (silverchair.com)
  • Specifically, in some lower eukaryotes, a histone H2B variant binds to a histone H2A variant called H2AZ, localizes to active genes, and supports transcription in those regions. (wikipedia.org)
  • Swr1 is required for the deposition of histone H2AZ at specific chromosome locations in vivo, and Swr1 and H2AZ commonly regulate a subset of yeast genes. (elsevierpure.com)
  • In addition to mutations in TP53 and KRAS, we identify genetic alterations in chromatin remodelling genes, ARID1A and ARID1B, in histone methyltransferase MLL3, in histone deacetylase modifier SPOP and in chromatin assembly factor BAZ1A, in nearly two thirds of cases. (nih.gov)
  • In my own field of cancer HDAC inhibitors are a hot area of research as "targeted" therapies, although I must admit that I have a hard time figuring out how a drug that can affect the expressions of hundreds of genes by deacetylating their histones can be considered to be tightly "targeted. (scienceblogs.com)
  • Poly-ADP-ribosylation is a post-translational modification catalyzed by PARP enzymes with roles in transcription and chromatin biology. (nature.com)
  • Histone H4 is also modified by various enzymes and these modifications have been shown to be important in gene regulation. (neb.com)
  • Histone H4 is also modified by various enzymes and can act as a substrate for them. (neb.com)
  • Histone modifying and chromatin remodelling enzymes in cancer and dysplastic syndromes. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Accumulating evidence in the past decade implicates histone-modifying enzymes, such as class I histone deacetylases (HDACs), in learning and memory and, recently, habit formation. (jneurosci.org)
  • These results suggest that the HDAC5 overexpression in DS contributes to inflexible decision-making, demonstrating a role of histone-modifying enzymes in complex cognitive function. (jneurosci.org)
  • Chromatin modifying enzymes deposit functionally important histone modifications in a spatiotemporal manner. (frontiersin.org)
  • This process is reversed by a class of enzymes known as histone deacetylases (HDACs). (scienceblogs.com)
  • Genome-wide mapping of H4K16ac in terminally differentiated blood cells, along with functional experiments, supported a role for this histone post-translational modification in the regulation of cell differentiation and apoptosis in the hematopoietic system. (csic.es)
  • This cell cycle-directed dynamic localization of H1 in chromatin may play an important role in the regulation of DNA replication timing. (elsevierpure.com)
  • A recent study investigates histone mimicry as a mechanism by SARS-CoV-2 for disrupting epigenetic regulation to evade host cell responses to infection. (news-medical.net)
  • The conserved histone variant H2AZ has an important role in the regulation of gene expression and the establishment of a buffer to the spread of silent heterochromatin. (elsevierpure.com)
  • The regulation of DNA in order to access the transcription machinery is epigenetically programmed by specific DNA and chromatin covalent modifications. (jinnah.edu)
  • Our results thus suggest that H4K16ac plays a dual role in myeloid cells as it not only regulates differentiation and apoptosis, but it also exhibits a non-canonical structural role in poising chromatin for cleavage at an early stage of neutrophil cell death. (csic.es)
  • Notably, histone macroH2A1.1 senses PARP1 activation, transiently compacts chromatin, reduces the recruitment of DNA damage factor Ku70-Ku80 and alters γ-H2AX patterns, whereas the splice variant macroH2A1.2, which is deficient in poly-ADP-ribose binding, does not mediate chromatin rearrangements upon PARP1 activation. (nature.com)
  • The histone variant mH2A1.1 interferes with transcription by down-regulating PARP-1 enzymatic activity. (nature.com)
  • Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 is inhibited by a histone H2A variant, MacroH2A, and contributes to silencing of the inactive X chromosome. (nature.com)
  • We have found that Swr1, a Swi2/Snf2-related adenosine triphosphatase, is the catalytic core of a multisubunit, histone-variant exchanger that efficiently replaces conventional histone H2A with histone H2AZ in nucleosome arrays. (elsevierpure.com)
  • specific histone deposition pathways for each variant? (hstalks.com)
  • This is, to our knowledge, the first report to highlight recurrent mutations in a regulatory histone in humans, and our data suggest that defects of the chromatin architecture underlie paediatric and young adult GBM pathogenesis. (mtak.hu)
  • There are sixteen variants of histone H2B found in humans, thirteen of which are expressed in regular body cells and three of which are only expressed in the testes. (wikipedia.org)
  • There has been an increase in the identification of disease-associated risk factors, such as histone deacetylases (HDACs) and vimentin, as well as the signaling pathways involved, including activation of the Wnt signaling pathway and inactivation of the cellular tumor antigen p53 signaling pathway ( 9 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that ASF1 is critically required to load H3.3-H4 dimers on the HIRA complex prior to histone deposition on paternal DNA. (ens-lyon.fr)
  • Here we show that SETD2 accumulation results in a non-canonical deposition of the functionally important H3K36me3 histone mark, which includes its reduced enrichment over gene bodies and exons. (frontiersin.org)
  • This gene is found in the large histone gene cluster on chromosome 6. (nih.gov)
  • Some use the term chromosome in a wider sense, to refer to the individualized portions of chromatin in cells, either visible or not under light microscopy. (wikipedia.org)
  • Histone H2B helps regulate chromatin structure and function through post-translational modifications and specialized histone variants. (wikipedia.org)
  • Through the facilitation of chromatin remodeling, it stimulates transcriptional elongation and sets the stage for further modifications that regulate multiple elements of transcription. (wikipedia.org)
  • A new research paper was published in Aging (Aging-US) on the cover of Volume 14, Issue 12, entitled, "Time makes histone H3 modifications drift in mouse liver. (news-medical.net)
  • It is apparent, however, that this is one of a host of chromatin modifications which characterize gene silencing. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The post translational modifications to the histone tails are referred as histone modifications (HMs). (jinnah.edu)
  • HMs could either be present or absent at particular genomic loci and the combinatorial patterns of the specific modifications being addressed as 'histone codes', are believed to co-regulate significant biological processes. (jinnah.edu)
  • ChromClust operates at global level while ChromBiSim mines local patterns of histone modifications associations. (jinnah.edu)
  • Change in gene expression associated with pancreatic cancer could be attributed to the variation in histone posttranslational modifications leading to subsequent remodeling of the chromatin template during transcription. (nebraska.edu)
  • Faulkner S., Maksimovic I. and David Y . A chemical field guide to histone nonenzymatic modifications. (mskcc.org)
  • Maksimovic I. and David Y . Non-enzymatic Covalent Modifications as a New Chapter in the Histone code. (mskcc.org)
  • Suffice to say that epigenetic modifications can be viewed as mechanisms that can ensure accurate transmission of chromatin states and gene expression profiles over generations. (scienceblogs.com)
  • While only a few isoforms of histone H2B have been studied in depth, researchers have found that histone H2B variants serve important roles. (wikipedia.org)
  • All variants of histone H2B contain the same number of amino acids, and the variations in sequence are few in number. (wikipedia.org)
  • Poly(ADP-ribose) binding properties of histone H1 variants. (nih.gov)
  • A new eLife paper by Fred Berger uncovers the key role histone variants play in establishing chromatin states in Arabidopsis. (oeaw.ac.at)
  • In this talk, I'd like to discuss with you the issue concerning histone dynamics, their heritability, and their existence in the form of variants. (hstalks.com)
  • Genome-wide analysis of chromatin features identifies histone modification sensitive and insensitive yeast transcription factors. (gersteinlab.org)
  • Ubiquitinase RNF20/RNF40 specifically modifies histone H2B at position K120 and this modification is need for recruitment to damaged DNA of the factors necessary for repair by the pathways of homologous recombination and non-homologous end joining. (wikipedia.org)
  • Histone modification efficient and simple combinatorics was studied at a global and local scale by developing and implementing a clustering and biclustering tool. (jinnah.edu)
  • We thus identify macrodomains as modules that directly sense PARP activation in vivo and establish macroH2A histones as dynamic regulators of chromatin plasticity. (nature.com)
  • The loss of ISWI function does not cause obvious defects in nucleosome assembly, but results in a significant reduction in the level of histone H1 associated with chromatin in vivo. (ca.gov)
  • Prescott NA, David Y. In Vivo Histone Labeling Using Ultrafast trans-Splicing Inteins. (mskcc.org)
  • Nucleosome recognition by the Piccolo NuA4 histone acetyltransferase complex. (nature.com)
  • Two copies of histone H2B come together with two copies each of histone H2A, histone H3, and histone H4 to form the octamer core of the nucleosome to give structure to DNA. (wikipedia.org)
  • Two of these heterodimers then bind together with a heterotetramer made of histone H3 and histone H4, giving the nucleosome its characteristic disk shape. (wikipedia.org)
  • A nucleosome is the basic repeating subunit of chromatin packaged inside the cell's nucleus. (genome.gov)
  • First, you have the DNA in the form of a helix, which is wrapped around the core histones to form the nucleosome-the sort of tennis ball that was represented before- which then folds up further to give chromatin fibers, which further fold up and then organize in the nucleus to form different domains. (hstalks.com)
  • We conclude that epigenomic landscape is portrayed as interplay of various factors including histone combinations, transcription factors, chromatin modifiers and most importantly the underlying DNA motifs. (jinnah.edu)
  • ASF1 is required to load histones on the HIRA complex in preparation of paternal chromatin assembly at fertilization. (ens-lyon.fr)
  • At DNA replication forks, ASF1 plays an important role in regulating the supply of H3.1/2 and H4 to the CAF-1 chromatin assembly complex. (ens-lyon.fr)
  • The formation of a diploid zygote begins with the unique, genome-wide RI assembly of paternal chromatin following sperm protamine eviction. (ens-lyon.fr)
  • In asf1 KD embryos, HIRA localizes to the male nucleus but is only capable of limited and insufficient chromatin assembly. (ens-lyon.fr)
  • This separation of tasks could optimize the rapid assembly of paternal chromatin within the gigantic volume of the egg cell.In contrast, ASF1 is surprisingly dispensable for the amplification of cleavage nuclei, although chromatin integrity is likely compromised in KD embryos. (ens-lyon.fr)
  • BACKGROUND: Anti-Silencing Factor 1 (ASF1) is a conserved H3-H4 histone chaperone involved in both Replication-Coupled and Replication-Independent (RI) nucleosomeassembly pathways. (ens-lyon.fr)
  • Many histone H2B isoforms are expressed in a DNA replication independent manner. (wikipedia.org)
  • In addition to the ubiquitous replication-related disassembly and reassembly of chromatin, H1 is deposited into chromatin through a novel pathway that is replication-independent, rapid, and locus-specific. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Our program is centered on a highly collaborative and team science environment that has a dedicated goal of solving fundamental and challenging problems in chromatin biology - with an emphasis on developing novel approaches towards treating human disease. (unc.edu)
  • Two H2A/H2B heterodimers interact with an H3/H4 tetramer to form the histone octamer (1,2). (neb.com)
  • The first suggests that disruption of the inner nuclear membrane and the nuclear lamina causes disorganization of nuclear chromatin and gene expression, while the second proposes that the mechanical strength of the cell nucleus is disrupted when the nuclear lamina is weakened leading to structural and signaling defects in mechanically stressed tissue such as muscle and heart. (medscape.com)
  • However, it is not clear whether changes in these epigenetic marks are causative regulatory factors in chromatin structure changes or whether they play a mainly reinforcing or maintenance role. (silverchair.com)
  • These DNA regions presented an accessible chromatin conformation and were associated with the cleavage sites that generate the 50 kb DNA fragments during the first stages of programmed cell death. (csic.es)
  • These are highly involved in condensing chromatin from the beads-on-a-string conformation to a 30-nm fiber. (wikipedia.org)
  • The only essential histone acetyltransferase (HAT) in yeast, Esa1, is part of the 1-MDa NuA4 complex, which plays pivotal roles in both transcription and DNA-damage repair. (nature.com)
  • Histone deacetylase and acetyltransferase inhibitors decrease organic dust-mediated activation of proinflammatory gene expression. (cdc.gov)
  • Interestingly, hPaf1/PD2 colocalizes with MLL1 (Mixed Lineage Leukemia 1), a histone methyltransferase that methylates H3K4 residues. (nebraska.edu)
  • NuA4, an essential transcription adaptor/histone H4 acetyltransferase complex containing Esa1p and the ATM-related cofactor Tra1p. (nature.com)
  • The NuA4 core complex acetylates nucleosomal histone H4 through a double recognition mechanism. (nature.com)
  • Complex biological networks underlying the hidden chromatin states were revealed via merging machine learning and graph theory existing approaches. (jinnah.edu)
  • The end result is that the "tightness" of the condensed (more tightly packed) histone-DNA complex relaxes into a state associated with greater levels of gene transcription. (scienceblogs.com)
  • Along with a central globular domain, histone H2B has two[verification needed] flexible histone tails that extend outwards - one at the N-terminal end and one at C-terminal end. (wikipedia.org)
  • Activation of histone acetyltransferase (HAT) or inhibition of histone deacetylases (HDAC) is generally believed to allow chromatin to assume a more open state, permitting transcriptional activity. (cdc.gov)
  • Structure and expression of the human gene encoding testicular H1 histone (H1t). (nih.gov)
  • Micrococcal nuclease digestion showed an altered chromatin structure in hPaf1/PD2-KD cells. (nebraska.edu)