Chromatin for transcription activation. Medical search. Frequent questions

We assign transcription initiation sites to 7691 protein-coding genes and find that they display features typical of eukaryotic promoters. (nih.gov)
Binding of TFIIIC to sine elements controls the relocation of activity-dependent neuronal genes to transcription factories. (nih.gov)
Their published paper is titled "Driver mutations in histone H3.3 and chromatin remodeling genes in pediatric glioblastoma. (genengnews.com)
To isolate possible mechanisms underlying these structural and functional changes, we used whole-genome RNA sequencing and found prominent dopamine-induced enrichment of genes containing the CCCTC-binding factor (CTCF) motif, suggesting involvement of chromatin restructuring in the nucleus. (jneurosci.org)
We further show that this plasticity depends on activation of genes sensitive to DNA-binding protein CTCF. (jneurosci.org)
We are analyzing the physiological role of several genes implicated in different aspects of stem cell activation, self-renewal, and differentiation. (ad-astra.ro)
At the cellular level, the actions of glucocorticoids are mediated by a 94-kd protein, the glucocorticoid receptor (GR). The human (h) GR belongs to the steroid/thyroid/retinoic acid superfamily of nuclear receptors and functions as a ligand-dependent transcription factor that regulates the expression of glucocorticoid-responsive genes positively or negatively. (medscape.com)
To exert stimulatory or repressive effects on transcription, accessible regulatory DNA elements must be in close spatial proximity to susceptible genes. (biomedcentral.com)
Enhancers promote transcription by providing a binding platform for transcription factors [ 12 ] that can act on (distal) target genes through three-dimensional chromatin looping [ 13 - 15 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Submitter supplied) Differentiation of naive CD4 T cells into type 2 helper (Th2) cells is accompanied by chromatin remodeling and increased expression of a set of Th2-specific genes including those encoding Th2 cytokines. (nih.gov)
Finally, effects of FUS on HIV gene transcription are also exhibited genome wide, where FUS mainly occupies gene promoters at transcription starting sites, while its knockdown leads to an increase in AFF4 and Cdk9 occupancy on gene promoters of FUS affected genes. (biomedcentral.com)
Antioxidant genes such as ferritin are transcriptionally activated in oxidative stress via the antioxidant responsive element (ARE), to which nuclear factor-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) binds and activates transcription. (embl.de)
This mechanism also applies to hematopoietic cells transformed by other HOX genes, including CDX2, which is highly expressed in a majority of acute myeloid leukemias, thus providing a molecular approach based on GSK-3 inhibitory strategies to target HOX-associated transcription in a broad spectrum of leukemias. (stanford.edu)
PTFs also enable other transcription factors, histone modifiers, and nucleosome remodeling complexes to alter the chromatin state and promote gene expression of silenced genes. (cytoskeleton.com)
The transcription factors Oct4, Sox2, and Klf4 were found to trigger endogenous expression of pluripotent genes [2] and were identified as PTFs due to their ability to access closed chromatin [3] . (cytoskeleton.com)
We use these engineered Cas9 activation complexes to investigate sgRNA targeting rules for effective transcriptional activation, demonstrate multiplexed activation of 10 genes simultaneously, and upregulate long intergenic non-coding RNA (lincRNA) transcripts. (cdc.gov)
We also synthesize a library consisting of 70,290 guides targeting all human RefSeq coding isoforms to screen for genes which, upon activation, confer resistance to a BRAF inhibitor. (cdc.gov)
Transcription factor Nrf2 is a key regulator of genes encoding phase II detoxification enzymes and antioxidant proteins in response to environmental chemical insults. (cdc.gov)

RNA polymerase transcription initiation sites are largely unknown in Caenorhabditis elegans. (nih.gov)
Predicted to be involved in 5S class rRNA transcription by RNA polymerase III and transcription initiation from RNA polymerase III promoter. (nih.gov)
Nuclear myosin 1 contributes to a chromatin landscape compatible with RNA polymerase II transcription activation. (nyu.edu)
Percipalle P, Fomproix N, Cavellan E, Voit R, Reimer G, Krüger T, Thyberg J, Scheer U, Grummt I, Östlund Farrants A-K (2006) 'The chromatin remodelling complex WSTF-SNF2h interacts with nuclear myosin 1and serves a role in RNA polymerase I transcription. (nyu.edu)
CTCF binding to promoter sites bidirectionally regulates gene transcription and depends on activation of poly-ADP-ribose polymerase 1 (PARP1). (jneurosci.org)
The AF-1 plays an important role in the interaction of the receptor with molecules necessary for the initiation of transcription, such as coactivators, chromatin modulators, and basal transcription factors, including RNA polymerase II, TATA-binding protein (TBP), and a host of TBP-associated proteins (TAFIIs). (medscape.com)
FACT (facilitates chromatin transcription) is an evolutionarily conserved histone chaperone that was initially identified as an activity capable of promoting RNA polymerase II (Pol II) transcription through nucleosomes in vitro. (open.ac.uk)
Within SEC two elongation factors, positive transcription elongation factor b (P-TEFb) and elongation factor for RNA polymerase II 2 (ELL2) are key components. (biomedcentral.com)
In this closed state, chromatin structure becomes an obstacle for eukaryotic transcription by impeding the interaction of RNA polymerase machinery and most transcription factors (TFs). (cytoskeleton.com)

Molecular analysis suggested that Esc2p contributed to silencing in a manner similar to Sir1p and probably helped recruit or stabilize the other Sir proteins, while Htz1p present at HMR assembled a specialized chromatin structure necessary for silencing (Dhillon, 2000). (sdbonline.org)

Nucleosomes impose a block to transcription that can be overcome in vivo by remodeling complexes such as SNF/SWI and histone modification complexes such as SAGA. (sdbonline.org)
These advances establish a third mechanism of chromatin reconfiguration, raising fundamental questions about the stability of nucleosomes in nonreplicative phases of the cell cycle and the cellular machinery responsible for incorporating histone variants into nucleosomes (Mizuguchi, 2004). (sdbonline.org)
Chromatin-remodeling complexes that make use of energy produced from ATP hydrolysis alter chromatin framework by disrupting and/or mobilizing nucleosomes. (exposed-skin-care.net)

H2A.Z is preferentially crosslinked in vivo to intergenic DNA at the PH05 and GAL1 loci, and this association changes with transcriptional activation. (sdbonline.org)
The striking differences between the precise sequence of action by various cofactors observed in these studies may be - at least in part - due to differences between the specific promoters studied, and distinct requirements exhibited by specific loci for chromatin remodeling based on their pre-existing nucleoprotein architecture. (nih.gov)
the chorion gene loci in follicle cells (21 22 In pre-RC development the effective launching of multiple MCM complexes is necessary for the toleration of replication strains and activation of checkpoint pathways (23-25). (exposed-skin-care.net)
In this chapter, we describe a generic stochastic modeling framework that can be used to capture histone modification dynamics and associated molecular processes-including transcription and read-write feedback by chromatin modifying complexes-at individual genomic loci. (babraham.ac.uk)
During my graduate studies, I used a systems biology approach to demonstrate that chromatin environments at different genomic loci decouple transcription factor mediated initiation of gene expression from subsequent gene activation 6 . (confex.com)
We describe structure-guided engineering of a CRISPR-Cas9 complex to mediate efficient transcriptional activation at endogenous genomic loci. (cdc.gov)
Although the current generation of dCas9-based transcription activators is able to achieve up-regulation of some endogenous loci, the magnitude of transcriptional up-regulation achieved by individual single-guide RNAs (sgRNAs) 12 typically ranges from low to ineffective 8 - 11 . (cdc.gov)

Chromatin dependent activation and repression of transcription is regulated by the histone modifying enzymatic activities of the trithorax (trxG) and Polycomb (PcG) proteins. (qub.ac.uk)
Generally chromatin-remodeling proteins histone chaperones and histone acetylation enzymes are believed to do something synergistically to stimulate transcription on chromatin web templates (26). (exposed-skin-care.net)
The ISWI-type nucleosome-remodeling aspect SNF2H and Williams symptoms transcription aspect (WSTF) were determined previously as book individual Cdt1-binding proteins (12). (exposed-skin-care.net)
These are frequently activated by fusion to other transcriptional proteins resulting in chimeric transcription factors. (stanford.edu)
Programmable DNA binding proteins have emerged as an exciting platform for engineering synthetic transcription factors for modulating endogenous gene expression 5 - 11 . (cdc.gov)
Among the established custom DNA binding domains, Cas9 is most easily scaled to facilitate genome-scale perturbations 3 , 4 due to its simplicity of programming relative to zinc finger proteins and transcription activator-like effectors (TALEs). (cdc.gov)

Our results provide a new resource to investigate transcription regulation in metazoans. (nih.gov)
Our findings propose epigenetic regulation of chromatin landscape as a critical factor in the rapid astrocyte response to dopamine. (jneurosci.org)
Our general focus is on stem cell fate choice by epigenetic regulation, transcription regulation via specific developmental transcription factors, and chromatin modifying factors. (ad-astra.ro)
Chromatin remodeling complexes are required for many distinct nuclear processes during replication and transcriptional regulation. (nih.gov)
These findings bring to light a broader role for FACT in the regulation of Pol II transcription. (open.ac.uk)
Early studies on the regulation of gene transcription of the proviral human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) have laid the foundations to our current understanding of how metazoan transcription elongation is regulated [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Chromatin target of Prmt1 (Chtop) is a vertebrate-specific chromatin-bound protein that plays an important role in transcriptional regulation. (embl.de)
We are studying the role that normal chromatin structure plays in gene regulation in hematopoietic cells and how its disruption leads to altered development and cancer. (stanford.edu)
Below we discuss mechanisms in the form of pioneer transcription factors, histone modifications, and recently identified actin-dependent mechanisms that regulate chromosome accessibility and gene regulation during cellular reprogramming. (cytoskeleton.com)

We thus identify macrodomains as modules that directly sense PARP activation in vivo and establish macroH2A histones as dynamic regulators of chromatin plasticity. (nature.com)
These results describe a novel pathway for regulating transcription using variant histones to modulate chromatin structure (Santisteban, 2000). (sdbonline.org)
Arsenic exposure activated ferritin transcription via the ARE concomitant with increased methylation of histones H4Arg3 (H4R3) and H3Arg17 (H3R17). (embl.de)
HDACs deacetylate histones and transcription factors such as p53, leading to increased chromatin compaction, representing an additional means for silencing p53 activity. (uib.no)

The number of chromatin modifying and remodeling complexes implicated in genome control is growing faster than our understanding of the functional roles they play. (nih.gov)
We review a number of studies that present an 'ordered recruitment' view of transcriptional activation, according to which various complexes enter and exit their target promoter in a set sequence, and at specific times, such that action by one complex sets the stage for the arrival of the next one. (nih.gov)
Selecting catalytic ATPase subunits coupled with various other complicated elements defines the function of the complexes in a variety of nuclear occasions including transcription DNA replication and DNA fix. (exposed-skin-care.net)
The current presence of these specific complexes shows that SNF2H performs multiple features in chromatin legislation. (exposed-skin-care.net)
Our group discovered the Gcn2 positive effectors Gcn1 and Gcn20 and the importance of ribosomal Gcn1/Gcn20/Gcn2 regulatory complexes in Gcn2 activation. (nih.gov)

These results suggest that PXR is trapped in paraspeckles and that the activation of PXR by its ligands facilitates its disassociation from paraspeckles. (aspetjournals.org)
Sarshad A, Sadeghifar F, Louvet E, Mori R, Böhm S, Vintermist A, Fomproix N, Östlund A-K, Percipalle P* (2013) 'Nuclear myosin 1 facilitates chromatin modifications required to activate rRNA gene transcription and cell cycle progression. (nyu.edu)
We demonstrate here that GSK-3 maintains the MLL leukemia stem cell transcriptional program by promoting the conditional association of CREB and its coactivators TORC and CBP with homedomain protein MEIS1, a critical component of the MLL-subordinate program, which in turn facilitates HOX-mediated transcription and transformation. (stanford.edu)

AP-1 was first discovered as a TPA-activated transcription factor that bound to a cis-regulatory element of the human metallothionein IIa (hMTIIa) promoter and SV40. (wikipedia.org)
A consensus emerging from all these experiments is that the joint action by several types of chromatin remodeling machines can lead to a more profound alteration of the infrastructure of chromatin over a target promoter than could be obtained by these enzymes acting independently. (nih.gov)
Importantly, we identify a role for FACT in the maintenance of promoter-proximal Pol II pausing, a key step in transcription activation in higher eukaryotes. (open.ac.uk)
Concordantly, depletion of FUS elevates the occupancy of AFF4 and Cdk9 on the viral promoter and activates HIV gene transcription. (biomedcentral.com)
Tiling a given promoter region with several sgRNAs can produce more robust transcriptional activation 9 - 11 , but this requirement presents enormous challenges for scalability, and in particular for establishing pooled, genome-wide GOF screens. (cdc.gov)

SNF2H uses ATP hydrolysis to modify chromatin framework and modulate nucleosome spacing (31-35). (exposed-skin-care.net)

An international consortium led by researchers at McGill University sequenced the exomes of 48 pediatric GBM samples and found somatic mutations in the H3.3-ATRX-DAXX chromatin remodeling pathway in 44% of tumors and recurrent H3F3A mutations in 31% of tumors. (genengnews.com)
Conclusions Our findings suggest that DIM may improve insulin sensitivity through the activation of the insulin signaling pathway, leading to enhanced glucose uptake. (researchgate.net)
3,3′-diindolylmethane (DIM)-a natural compound produced from indole-3-carbinol, found in cruciferous vegetables-enhances glucose uptake by increasing the activation of the insulin signaling pathway in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. (researchgate.net)
Macrophage polarization is mediated in part, through the canonical Janus- or TYK2-kinases (JAK)-Signaling signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT) signaling pathway. (biorxiv.org)
This leads to activation of p53 and the p53 pathway in cancer cells with wild type p53, subsequently inhibiting tumour growth. (uib.no)

The histone variant mH2A1.1 interferes with transcription by down-regulating PARP-1 enzymatic activity. (nature.com)

Cas9 nuclease can be converted into an RNA-guided DNA binding protein (dCas9) via inactivation of its two catalytic domains 12 , 13 and then fused to transcription activation domains. (cdc.gov)

Many factors such as sensors, signaling pathways, dedicated transcription factors, and chromatin structure contribute to these adaptations. (boku.ac.at)

In contrast, pathological gene expression in terminal heart failure is accompanied by changes in active histone marks without major alterations in CpG methylation and repressive chromatin marks. (nature.com)
We present evidence that loss of FACT has a dramatic impact on Pol II elongation-coupled processes including histone H3 lysine 4 (H3K4) and H3K36 methylation, consistent with a role for FACT in coordinating histone modification and chromatin architecture during Pol II transcription. (open.ac.uk)
To test our hypothesis that histone H4R3 and H3R17 methylation regulates ferritin transcription, H4R3 and H3R17 protein arginine (R) methyltransferases 1 and 4 (PRMT1 and PRMT4) were investigated. (embl.de)
Five friends of methylated chromatin target of protein-arginine-methyltransferase[prmt]-1 (chtop), a complex linking arginine methylation to desumoylation. (embl.de)

Binding of sequence-specific transcription factors and associated chromatin-modifying enzymes can induce post-translational modification of histone tails and can facilitate nucleosome removal [ 3 - 5 ], which can turn functional sequences such as promoters and enhancers into active, nucleosome-depleted sites [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChiP) assay revealed that Cd substantially increased the ARE occupancy of Nrf2 but not keap1, indicating Keap1 may recycle from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. (cdc.gov)

Upon senescence, Jmjd3 is overexpressed and the MLL1 protein is recruited to the locus provoking the dissociation of Polycomb from the INK4/ARF locus, its transcriptional activation and its replication during early S-phase. (plos.org)
Together, these results provide a unified model that integrates replication, transcription and epigenetics at the INK4/ARF locus. (plos.org)
For instance CHRAC enables binding of T-antigen and efficient initiation within GSK 525762A an replication program that uses SV40 DNA reconstituted into chromatin (36). (exposed-skin-care.net)

Remarkably, productive transcription elongation across these enhancers is predominantly in the same orientation as that of the nearest downstream gene. (nih.gov)

Sarshad AA, Corcoran M, Al-Muzzaini B, Borgonovo-Brandter L, Von Euler A, Lamont D, Visa N, Percipalle P*. (2014) 'Glycogen synthase kinase (GSK) 3 β phosphorylates and protects nuclear myosin 1c from proteasome-mediated degradation to activate rDNA transcription in early G1 cells. (nyu.edu)
The role of SIRT1 in the activation of HIF-2α and nuclear factor-κB (RelA/p65) during hypoxia in the presence or absence of SIRT1 was assessed using immunoblot analysis. (molvis.org)
Activation of STATs is primarily driven by ligand-stimulated cytokine receptors whereby STATs become phosphorylated at a critical tyrosine residue leading to their release from the receptor complex where they then cross the nuclear membrane and reach chromatin. (biorxiv.org)

AP-1 transcription factor has been shown to have a hand in a wide range of cellular processes, including cell growth, differentiation, and apoptosis. (wikipedia.org)
Epigenetic mechanisms and transcription factor networks essential for differentiation of cardiac myocytes have been uncovered. (nature.com)
The activity of transcription factor IIIC1 is impaired during differentiation of F9 cells. (nih.gov)
IL-4-mediated STAT6 activation induces high levels of transcription of GATA3, a master regulator of Th2 cell differentiation, and enforced expression of GATA3 induces Th2 cytokine expression. (nih.gov)
Use of this method to target doublesex (a gene involved in sex differentiation) or fork head (which encodes a salivary gland transcription factor) resulted in reduced target gene expression and/or protein immunofluorescence signal, as measured by quantitative Real-Time PCR (qRT-PCR) or fluorescence confocal microscopy, respectively. (cdc.gov)

Here we show that distinct macrodomains, including those of histone macroH2A1.1, are recruited to sites of PARP1 activation induced by laser-generated DNA damage. (nature.com)
We characterized the landscape of RNA Pol II transcription initiation, identifying 73,500 distinct clusters of initiation. (nih.gov)

Included in these are WICH (WSTF/ISWI chromatin-remodeling complicated) ACF CHRAC RSF and NoRC (31-35). (exposed-skin-care.net)
The imitation SWI (ISWI) is an ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling complex and is represented by enzymatic subunits Snf2h (Smarca5) and Snf2l (Smarca1). (nih.gov)
Mechanistically, ISWI is required for lineage determining transcription factors (LDTFs) binding on enhancers and LDTF-induced activation of enhancers. (nih.gov)

Poly-ADP-ribosylation is a post-translational modification catalyzed by PARP enzymes with roles in transcription and chromatin biology. (nature.com)

Notably, histone macroH2A1.1 senses PARP1 activation, transiently compacts chromatin, reduces the recruitment of DNA damage factor Ku70-Ku80 and alters γ-H2AX patterns, whereas the splice variant macroH2A1.2, which is deficient in poly-ADP-ribose binding, does not mediate chromatin rearrangements upon PARP1 activation. (nature.com)
We demonstrated that RV inhibits p38 and CREB phosphorylation, which are involved in MAPK signaling, and the L1-ORF1 protein's chromatin recruitment. (researchsquare.com)

The variant histone H2A.Z regulates gene transcription, and deletion of the gene encoding H2A.Z strongly increases the requirement for SNF/SWI and SAGA. (sdbonline.org)

Histone acetylation is mediated by histone acetyltransferases (HATs) that leads to chromatin decondensation (accessible chromatin) and transcription activation. (wjgnet.com)

Activator protein 1 (AP-1) is a transcription factor that regulates gene expression in response to a variety of stimuli, including cytokines, growth factors, stress, and bacterial and viral infections. (wikipedia.org)
AP-1 transcription factors are also associated with numerous physiological functions especially in determination of organisms' life span and tissue regeneration. (wikipedia.org)
Below are some of the other important functions and biological roles AP-1 transcription factors have been shown to be involved in. (wikipedia.org)
The growth factors TGF alpha, TGF beta, and IL2 have all been shown to stimulate c-Fos, and thereby stimulate cellular proliferation via AP-1 activation. (wikipedia.org)
Early accomplishments of the SNCGE in this area include discovering the novel regulatory mechanism that induces translation of GCN4 mRNA via small upstream ORFs (uORFs) in the mRNA leader by phosphorylation and inhibition of eIF2 by the kinase Gcn2, now understood to regulate expression of key transcription factors (Atf4 and Atf5) in mammals and implicated in learning and memory. (nih.gov)
VPA is a well-tolerated non-genotoxic HDAC inhibitor inhibiting deacetylation of chromatin and transcription factors such as p53, and has been found to show an anti-leukemic effect in AML patients. (uib.no)
This subset of transcription factors, known as pioneer transcription factors (PTFs), possess the ability to engage closed chromatin that is not accessible by other types of transcription factors, establish gene expression, and elicit cell reprogramming. (cytoskeleton.com)
Background: Recent studies have associated the transcription factors, Oct4, Sox2 and Nanog as parts of a self-regulating network which is responsible for maintaining embryonic stem cell properties: self renewal and pluripotency. (lu.se)

Changing of external physical parameters such as high temperature or osmotic stress elicit immediate activation of signaling pathways leading to changes of enzyme activities and also large scale changes of gene expression patterns. (boku.ac.at)

Reporting in Nature the McGill investigators suggest their findings "provide a rationale for targeting the chromatin remodeling machinery" in pediatric GBM. (genengnews.com)
These findings define a previously unknown role for the adenosine triphosphate-dependent chromatin remodeling machinery (Mizuguchi, 2004). (sdbonline.org)
As transcription silencing is key for establishing the HIV reservoir, significant efforts have been made to understand the mechanism that regulate HIV gene transcription, and the role of the elongation machinery in promoting this step. (biomedcentral.com)

The CDK4-cyclinD complex normally phosphorylates the retinoblastoma protein (Rb protein), leading to release of the E2F transcription factor and cell cycle progression. (medscape.com)

activation of Gata-6 by Oct4 and repression of Nanog by an Oct4-Gata-6 heterodimer. (lu.se)

For this step to be efficiently executed, the viral Trans-Activator of Transcription, Tat, acts as a master regulator of transcription elongation by tethering SEC to the HIV trans-activator response (TAR) stem-loop RNA on the viral short transcripts, and synergistically enhancing RNAPII pause-release and elongation. (biomedcentral.com)

Xie X, Almuzzaini B, Drou N, Kremb S, Yousif A, Farrants AÖ, Gunsalus K, Percipalle P. (2018) 'β-Actin-dependent global chromatin organization and gene expression programs control cellular identity. (nyu.edu)
Remarkable variation in SG cell and chromatin organization differed among individuals and across the L4 stage. (cdc.gov)

Results point to chromatin remodeling mechanism as potential therapeutic target. (genengnews.com)
A particular focus has been the Polycomb epigenetic system, where we have proposed an all-or-nothing epigenetic switching mechanism, with epigenetic gene silencing directly antagonised by transcription. (babraham.ac.uk)

All four of the samples also harbored mutations in ATRX, which encodes part of the transcription/chromatin remodeling complex involved in binding H3.3 to DNA. (genengnews.com)

Our findings indicate that dRYBP regulates morphogenesis by counteracting transcriptional repression and activation. (qub.ac.uk)

Intensive study has demonstrated interactions with host-cell signal transduction and possibly eukaryotic transcription. (cdc.gov)

Both mutations are sited at or very near the amino-terminal tail of the protein, which undergoes post-translational modifications associated with either transcriptional repression (K27) or activation (K36), the team states. (genengnews.com)

We discuss recent in vitro experiments with biochemically defined chromatin templates that illuminate new aspects of action by histone acetyltransferases and ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling engines in facilitating transcription. (nih.gov)

In addition, it appears that in specific cases one type of chromatin structure alteration (e.g., histone hyperacetylation) is contingent upon prior alterations of a different sort (i.e. (nih.gov)

Based on the overlap of transcription initiation clusters with mapped transcription factor binding sites, we define 2361 transcribed intergenic enhancers. (nih.gov)

Part of transcription factor TFIIIC complex. (nih.gov)
However, while the role of the super elongation complex (SEC) in enhancing transcription activation of HIV is well established, the function of SEC in modulating viral latency is less defined and its cell partners are yet to be identified. (biomedcentral.com)

Thus, euchromatin and heterochromatin each contains components that antagonize switching to the opposite chromatin state (Meneghini, 2003). (sdbonline.org)
Our observations show that FUS regulates both HIV and global gene transcription and modulates viral latency, thus can potentially serve as a target for future therapy that sets to reactivate HIV from its latent state. (biomedcentral.com)
Depletion of MERVL transcripts results in embryonic lethality with profound defects in development and is associated with dysregulation of MERVL including their adjacent transcripts, and retaining two-cell-like transcriptome and chromatin state (Fig. 6i). (evolutionnews.org)
2) We have discovered a group of oncoproteins that are implicated in long-term maintenance of gene expression through their effects on the state of chromatin. (stanford.edu)

Figure 6: Macrodomains function as receptors of cellular PARP1 activation. (nature.com)

We provided functional evidence that transcriptional activation of MERVL is essential for progression of development in mouse preimplantation embryos . (evolutionnews.org)

A conceptual framework has been developed for the description of macrophage activation with two polar extremes being the most widely studied and best understood. (biorxiv.org)

Apart from the "leucine zipper" and the "basic region" which are important for dimerization and DNA-binding, the c-jun protein contains three short regions, which consist of clusters of negatively charged amino acids in its N-terminal half that are important for transcriptional activation in vivo. (wikipedia.org)

Anatomy15

Organisms12

Chemicals and Drugs123

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment26

Phenomena and Processes85

Information Science3

Genes18

Polymerase9

Specialized chromatin structure1

Nucleosomes3

Loci7

Proteins6

Regulation9

Histones4

Complexes5

Facilitates3

Promoter5

Modulate1

Pathway5

Histone variant1

Binding protein1

Dedicated transcription factors1

Methylation4

Nucleosome1

Nucleus1

Replication3

Productive transcription elongation1

Nuclear3

Differentiation5

Distinct2

ISWI3

Enzymes1

Recruitment2

Regulates gene transcription1

Acetylation1

Factors8

Pathways1

Machinery3

Cell cycle progression1

Oct41

Synergistically1

Organization2

Mechanism2

Encodes1

Findings1

Eukaryotic1

Modifications1

Vitro1

Structure1

Enhancers1

Complex2

State4

Cellular1

Essential1

Framework1

Vivo1