• In this work, we hypothesized that Bari-Jheh could also be affecting the expression of nearby genes by remodeling the local chromatin state. (nature.com)
  • Interplay of pericentromeric genome organization and chromatin landscape regulates the expression of Drosophila melanogaster heterochromatic genes. (ccmb.res.in)
  • We further highlighted 67 candidate genes at the identified loci that are preferentially expressed in cardiac tissue and associated with cardiac abnormalities in Drosophila melanogaster and Mus musculus. (uni-muenchen.de)
  • The project will use the genetic system of Drosophila melanogaster (the fruit fly) to understand how DNA is managed in the cell and how genes are regulated. (pitzer.edu)
  • Despite low or absent protein coding polymorphism, the Drosophila Y chromosome has been associated with natural phenotypic variation, including variation in the expression of hundreds to thousands of genes located on autosomes and on the X chromosome. (jgenomics.com)
  • The bands are characterized by low gene density, contain predominantly tissue-specific genes, and are represented by silent chromatin types in various tissues. (sdbonline.org)
  • Here, using the model species Drosophila melanogaster , we used a combination of Genome Wide Association mapping (GWAS) and transcriptomic profiling to characterize whether genes associated with thermal tolerance are primarily involved in dynamic stress responses or preparatory processes that influence physiological condition at the time of thermal stress. (frontiersin.org)
  • Burt proposed that such methods could be applied to engineer HEGs that recognise and cleave sequences within coding sequences of genes in insect genomes, with the subsequent invasion of these HEGs into a population leading to the inactivation of target genes and the subsequent decline in fitness of the targeted population [2] . (plos.org)
  • The work of the scientists shows that mutation of Pcif1 gene in Drosophila results in a deregulation of the expression of a set of genes, reduced body weight and a significant drop in fertility which indicates an important role for this protein in the physiology of the organism. (cea.fr)
  • It has become increasingly apparent that proper control of gene expression requires complex organization of DNA at the level of chromatin. (nih.gov)
  • We study how genome organization contributes to regulation of gene expression, which ultimately controls how a single genome can give rise to a myriad of distinct cell types with different functions and properties. (nih.gov)
  • We also utilize mouse and silkworm moth models to study conserved aspects of genome organization. (nih.gov)
  • Chromatin insulators are DNA-protein complexes that influence gene expression by establishing chromatin domains subject to distinct transcriptional controls, likely through alteration of their spatial organization. (nih.gov)
  • Current knowledge about the species differences in sex chromosome organization and function is limited, this despite the availability of reference genome assemblies for most domestic species. (pacb.com)
  • Check out our new paper on the organization of Drosophila melanogaster centromeres . (rochester.edu)
  • Drosophila centromere organization and widespread presence of retroelements at centromeres. (rochester.edu)
  • A) Schematic showing the organization of D. melanogaster centromeres. (rochester.edu)
  • We study the factors and mechanisms involved in maintenance and formation of the tridimensional organization of chromatin inside the nucleus and their role in the regulation of genome functions. (csic.es)
  • DNA methylation, histone modifications and higher order chromatin structure play a central role in the regulation of mammalian genome organization. (epigenie.com)
  • In some species of Phaseolus and Vigna the polytenics are more clearly defined and, therefore, better suited to the study of this type of chromatin organization. (scielo.br)
  • Examples of epigenetic systems include DNA methylation, histone modifications, and chromatin structure. (uab.edu)
  • These loci are enriched in regions of open chromatin, histone modifications, and transcription factor binding, suggesting that they represent regions of the genome that are actively transcribed in the human heart. (uni-muenchen.de)
  • In recent years, our knowledge about the regulation of chromatin functions has improved thanks to the identification of components and mechanisms that modify its structural and functional properties, such as remodelling complexes, histone modifications (acetylation, methylation…) and the corresponding enzymes, histone variants that localise to specific chromosome locations, structural non-histone proteins that contribute to the functional properties of specific chromatin domains, among others. (csic.es)
  • The grant, "RUI: Chromatin Dynamics and Transcription in Drosophila melanogaster, " will support Armstrong's ongoing research on the structure of the chromosome and gene expression. (pitzer.edu)
  • We produced a map of the Drosophila melanogaster regulatory genome on the basis of more than 300 chromatin immunoprecipitation data sets for eight chromatin features, five histone deacetylases and thirty-eight site-specific transcription factors at different stages of development. (duke.edu)
  • We identified also nearly 2,000 genomic regions of dense transcription factor binding associated with chromatin activity and accessibility. (duke.edu)
  • After this initial stage of maternal control, which lasts for 1-2 mitotic divisions in mammals and 13 mitotic divisions in Drosophila, widespread transcription begins from the zygotic nuclei ( Tadros and Lipshitz, 2009 ). (elifesciences.org)
  • The MZT marks the transfer of control of development from the mother to the zygote as maternal mRNAs are degraded, transcription from the zygotic genome begins, and embryonic development becomes dependent on zygotic gene products ( Tadros and Lipshitz, 2009 ). (elifesciences.org)
  • In Xenopus, zebrafish, and Drosophila the major activation of zygotic transcription occurs as the cell cycle lengthens and gastrulation begins, a developmental period referred to as the midblastula transition. (elifesciences.org)
  • The dynamic nature of chromatin establishes the access to the genetic material and, as a consequence, influences a large number of biological processes, such as DNA replication, repair and transcription [ 1 , 2 ]. (aging-us.com)
  • The rhino-deadlock-cutoff complex licenses noncanonical transcription of dual-strand piRNA clusters in Drosophila. (oeaw.ac.at)
  • L'équipe Beagle, représentée par Vincent Liard, David Parsons, Jonathan Rouzaud-Cornabas et Guillaume Beslon s'est vue décerner le prix du meilleur article lors de la conférence internationale ALife 2018 (International Conference on Artificial Life) en Juillet 2018 à Tokyo pour leurs travaux sur l'évolution de la complexité. (cnrs.fr)
  • Genome instability and aberrant alterations of transcriptional programs both play important roles in cancer. (pklab.org)
  • Direct mapping of chromatin modification marks and transcriptional factor binding sites genome-wide has successfully identified specific subtypes of regulatory elements. (duke.edu)
  • Fig. 3: eRNAs modulate the chromatin interactions of transcriptional regulators. (nature.com)
  • Drosophila Gtsf1 is an essential component of the Piwi-mediated transcriptional silencing complex. (oeaw.ac.at)
  • Transcriptional silencing of transposons by Piwi and maelstrom and its impact on chromatin state and gene expression. (oeaw.ac.at)
  • She is Senior Group Leader and Director of the Department of Chromatin Regulation at the Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics. (wikipedia.org)
  • Akhtar's postdoctoral studies in chromatin regulation were carried out in Peter Becker's lab Germany, at European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Heidelberg and the Adolf Butenandt Institute, Munich. (wikipedia.org)
  • Using Drosophila melanogaster as an experimental model, Akhtar investigates how dosage compensation acts in regulation of the X chromosome. (wikipedia.org)
  • My lab uses the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster as a model system to investigate epigenetic systems and their influence on development and gene regulation. (uab.edu)
  • Our research focuses on the study of the molecular basis of chromatin function, their regulation during cell cycle and development, and their alteration in human pathologies. (csic.es)
  • Fig. 2: eRNA regulation of enhancer-promoter interactions and the epigenetic state of chromatin. (nature.com)
  • Consequently, H3.3 incorporation and turnover represent an additional layer in the regulation of the chromatin landscape during aging. (aging-us.com)
  • The lack of catalytic activity of Pcif1 in Drosophila reveals a new mechanism of gene expression regulation. (cea.fr)
  • DNAtraffic database is dedicated to be an unique comprehensive and richly annotated database of genome dynamics during the cell life. (vifabio.de)
  • Incorporation of histone variants confers variability to the chromatin and expands the repertoire of epigenetic marks in a functional alphabet that controls genome plasticity and dynamics [ 4 ]. (aging-us.com)
  • These dedicated proteins are generally known as histone chaperones and effectively control histone supply and chromatin dynamics [ 8 ]. (aging-us.com)
  • Based on this domain structure, four additional HP1 family proteins have been identified in Drosophila melanogaster. (uab.edu)
  • Database is richly annotated in the systemic information on the nomenclature, chemistry and structure of the DNA damage and drugs targeting nucleic acids and/or proteins involved in the maintenance of genome stability. (vifabio.de)
  • Toward this objective, ChIP-Seq data of 14 S/MAR binding proteins were analyzed and the binding site coordinates of these proteins were used to prepare a non-redundant S/MAR dataset of human genome. (researchgate.net)
  • (a) Schematic illustration of the substrates of Drosophila Dicer proteins and the products generated in the presence of different partner proteins. (biomedcentral.com)
  • 8. The chromatin state - the packaging of DNA with both histone and non-histone proteins - has marked effects on gene expression and is believed to contribute to the establishment and the maintenance of cell identities. (catsboard.com)
  • Along with PTMs, the partial or complete disassembly of nucleosomes allows the exchange and degradation of pre-existing histone proteins, with the incorporation of newly synthesised histones onto chromatin that can eventually result in the resetting of previous epigenetic marks. (aging-us.com)
  • In living organisms, gene expression is a complex process that results in the production of proteins from the genome in a time- and space-regulated manner. (cea.fr)
  • E , Left) Computational 3D model of the genome in a diploid human fibroblast nucleus taking into account genome-wide chromosomal interactions and interactions between chromatin and the nuclear periphery. (frontiersin.org)
  • Background Assemblies of diploid genomes are generally unphased, pseudo-haploid representations that do not correctly reconstruct the two parental haplotypes present in the individual sequenced. (pacb.com)
  • Using a computational approach for haplotype-resolved Hi-C, the authors reveal highly structured homolog pairing in Drosophila embryos during zygotic genome activation and demonstrate its application to mammalian embryos. (homologyeffects.org)
  • Arnold CD, Gerlach D, Stelzer C, Boryń ŁM, Rath M, Stark A. Genome-wide quantitative enhancer activity maps identified by STARR-seq . (wustl.edu)
  • Quantitative genome-wide enhancer activity maps for five Drosophila species show functional enhancer conservation and turnover during cis -regulatory evolution. (nature.com)
  • During spermatogenesis of many species the histone-based chromatin structure of the paternal genome becomes disassembled. (uni-marburg.de)
  • Its binding characterizes the heterochromatic regions of the fly genome, and homologs have been identified in species ranging from yeast to humans. (uab.edu)
  • Drosophila willistoni (Sturtevant, 1916) is a species of the willistoni group of Drosophila having wide distribution from the South of USA (Florida) and Mexico to the North of Argentina. (scielo.br)
  • This last alteration has not been previously described as a mutation in the D. melanogaster species. (scielo.br)
  • The Y chromosome, on the other hand, is typically not included in the reference genome and is studied separately, whereas complete sequence assembly of the male-specific portion of the Y is not yet available for any domestic species. (pacb.com)
  • Using this approach, it is possible to derive two assemblies from an individual, accurately representing both parental contributions in their entirety with higher continuity and accuracy than is possible with other methods.Results We used trio binning to assemble reference genomes for two species from a single individual using an interspecies cross of yak (Bos grunniens) and cattle (Bos taurus). (pacb.com)
  • Since Rcd-1 is a regulator of differentiation in other species, it suggests that Rcd-1r may serve a similar role during spermatogonial differentiation in Drosophila . (plos.org)
  • Chan Y-S, Huen DS, Glauert R, Whiteway E, Russell S (2013) Optimising Homing Endonuclease Gene Drive Performance in a Semi-Refractory Species: The Drosophila melanogaster Experience. (plos.org)
  • Asifa Akhtar's research focus is the study of chromatin and epigenetic mechanisms. (wikipedia.org)
  • Despite having an identical genome, cells can be regulated differently via epigenetic mechanisms that result in cell specific gene expression patterns. (ccmb.res.in)
  • This review provides a broad overview of epigenetic modifications and mechanisms in large mammalian genomes. (epigenie.com)
  • DNA damage triggers chromatin remodeling by mechanisms that are poorly understood. (cipsm.de)
  • Along with co-ordinate (location) details of S/MARs, the dataset also revealed details of S/MAR features, namely, length, inter-SMAR length (the chromatin loop size), nucleotide repeats, motif abundance, chromosomal distribution and genomic context. (researchgate.net)
  • Whole genome re-sequencing provides powerful data for population genomic studies, allowing robust inferences of population structure, gene flow and evolutionary history. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Genomic functions take place in chromatin, not in naked DNA. (csic.es)
  • Released chromatin and broken nuclei were adsorbed to carboxyl coated magnetic beads for 30 minutes at 4 degrees C with constant rotation. (nih.gov)
  • At the nuclear periphery, the genome is anchored to A- and B-type nuclear lamins in the form of heterochromatic lamina-associated domains. (frontiersin.org)
  • Scaffold/matrix attachment regions (S/MARs) are DNA elements that serve to compartmentalize the chromatin into structural and functional domains. (researchgate.net)
  • (A) Lamina-associated domains (LADs), at the nuclear envelope, schematized from analyses of cell populations using genome-wide approaches such as DamID- or ChIP-sequencing. (frontiersin.org)
  • Moreover, recent studies have shown that loss of insulator activity in IDH1 mutant gliomas and T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemias leads to disruption of boundaries between chromatin domains and subsequent oncogene activation. (nih.gov)
  • METHODS We carried out a genome-wide association meta-analysis of 4 QRS traits in up to 73,518 individuals of European ancestry, followed by extensive biological and functional assessment. (uni-muenchen.de)
  • We seek to determine the structural and functional properties of centromeric chromatin and its contribution to chromosome segregation and mitosis progression. (csic.es)
  • Climent-Cantó, A. Carbonell, M. Tatarski, O. Reina, P. Bujosa, J. Font-Mateu, J. Bernués, M. Beato and F. Azorin (2020) "The embryonic linker histone dBigH1 alters the functional state of active chromatin" Nucleic Acids Research , 48, 4147-4160. (csic.es)
  • Here, the authors use haplotype-resolved Hi-C to identify genome-wide trans -homolog interactions in a Drosophila hybrid cell line and investigate complex types of pairing and functional roles. (homologyeffects.org)
  • Climent-Cantó, A. Carbonell, S. Tamirisa, L. Henn, I. M. Boros and F. Azorín (2021) "The tumour suppressor brain tumour (Brat) regulates linker histone dBigH1 expression in the Drosophila female germline and the early embryo" Open Biology , 11, 200408. (csic.es)
  • The cochaperone shutdown defines a group of biogenesis factors essential for all piRNA populations in Drosophila. (oeaw.ac.at)
  • In Drosophila , two separate Dicer enzymes, Dcr-1 and Dcr-2, with distinct dsRBD protein partners (see Figure 1a ), participate in the miRNA and siRNA pathways. (biomedcentral.com)
  • When a HEG is integrated into its recognition sequence in the genome, its protein product acts to cleave its cognate site on the homologous chromosome and gene conversion or homologous recombination can result in a new copy of the HEG being inserted. (plos.org)
  • Studies carried out by scientists at IRIG, in collaboration with the University of Geneva, on the fruit fly model Drosophila melanogaster have revealed the role of Pcif1 in the control of gene expression, despite the fact that this protein has completely lost its RNA methyltransferase activity compared to its mammalian counterpart PCIF1. (cea.fr)
  • Researchers at IRIG, in collaboration with the University of Geneva, focused on a RNA mammalian methyltransferase, the PCIF1 protein (homologous to the Drosophila Pcif1 protein), which adds an extra methyl group to m 6 A (m 6 adenosine) to form m 6 Am when the first transcribed nucleotide is an adenosine. (cea.fr)
  • During evolution, this protein naturally lost its catalytic activity in Drosophila where Pcif1 is, like its human counterpart, expressed in the nucleus and associated with the C-terminal domain of RNA polymerase (RNA Pol II). (cea.fr)
  • This protein binds to the phosphorylated form of serine 5 of RNA polymerase II ( Figure ) and may directly modulate its activity or promote the recruitment of chromatin components. (cea.fr)
  • The results of this work were used in the assembly of a working model for the molecular mechanism of the H-P switch in Drosophila. (uni-marburg.de)
  • In such a crowded molecular picture, recent exciting insights have uncovered the role of histone variants as key regulators of the chromatin structure. (aging-us.com)
  • While canonical histones H3.1 and H3.2 are synthetized and loaded during DNA replication, the histone variant H3.3 is expressed and deposited into the chromatin throughout the cell cycle. (aging-us.com)
  • Among these regulatory processes, core and linker histones are subjected to a large pattern of posttranslational modifications (PTMs) that influence chromatin state and DNA accessibility [ 4 - 7 ]. (aging-us.com)
  • Heart muscle cells die en masse after injury, yet the adult mammalian heart retains little capacity to regenerate them. (natureasia.com)
  • The oncogene and chromatin remodeler ALC1/CHD1L massively decompacts chromatin in vivo yet is inactive prior to DNA-damage-mediated PARP1 induction. (cipsm.de)
  • Cell determination starts early and progressively narrows the options as the cell steps through a programmed series of intermediate states-guided at each step by its genome, its history, and its interactions with neighbors. (catsboard.com)
  • Trans -homolog interactions, such as homolog pairing, are highly structured and associated with gene function in Drosophila cells. (homologyeffects.org)
  • Drosophila melanogaster have served as the foundation of genetic and developmental studies for more than a century. (pitzer.edu)
  • The Drosophila genome is used as a model for studies of the human genome, helping scientists design genetic experiments that increase their understanding of aging, neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. (pitzer.edu)
  • To understand further the genetic factors influencing red blood cells, we carried out a genome-wide association study of haemoglobin concentration and related parameters in up to 135,367 individuals. (natureasia.com)
  • To test our hypotheses, we measured the critical thermal minimum (CT min ) and critical thermal maximum (CT max ) of 100 lines of the Drosophila Genetic Reference Panel (DGRP) and used GWAS to identify loci that explain variation in thermal limits. (frontiersin.org)
  • The genetic makeup of the Drosophila piRNA pathway. (oeaw.ac.at)
  • Typically, with age, both genome and epigenome stability decreases. (uab.edu)
  • Several attempts have been made toward identification of S/MARs in genomes of various organisms including human. (researchgate.net)
  • However, a comprehensive genome-wide map of human S/MARs is yet not available. (researchgate.net)
  • See how the University of Washington used HiFi sequencing to uncover a key finding about ALS and the human genome. (pacb.com)
  • After nearly two decades of improvements, the current human reference genome (GRCh38) is the most accurate and complete vertebrate genome ever produced. (pacb.com)
  • These regions harbor largely unexplored variation of unknown consequence, and their absence from the current reference genome can lead to experimental artifacts and hide true variants when re-sequencing additional human genomes. (pacb.com)
  • Here we present a de novo human genome assembly that surpasses the continuity of GRCh38, along with the first gapless, telomere-to-telomere assembly of a human chromosome. (pacb.com)
  • An integrated encyclopedia of DNA elements in the human genome. (nature.com)
  • The findings argue that the mutation adversely impacts both global and local genome architecture throughout the nucleus space. (frontiersin.org)
  • In such a modified nuclear cycle, the chromatin duplicates its DNA content during the G 1 and S stages, but, instead of passing to the G 2 stage, the nucleus initiates a new G 1 phase, thus starting a new cycle of chromatin duplication. (scielo.br)
  • One retroelement, G2/Jockey-3, is found at all D. melanogaster centromeres and centromeres in D. simulans . (rochester.edu)
  • Paper on Drosophila melanogaster centromeres is out! (rochester.edu)
  • For this paper, our lab collaborated with Barbara Mellone's lab (University of Connecticut) and Ting Wu's lab (Harvard University) to discover all of the centromeres in D. melanogaster . (rochester.edu)
  • Drosophila harbors the largest diversity of known chromatin insulator complexes. (nih.gov)
  • DNA repair pathways function less well, chromatin modifiers become misregulated, and noise in gene expression increases. (uab.edu)
  • Many histone modifiers and chromatin remodelers have been implicated in stem cell pluripotency, cellular differentiation and development. (catsboard.com)
  • Here, this model was now tested in the Drosophila background. (uni-marburg.de)
  • Her lab at UAB utilizes a classical genetics model system, the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster , to study various open questions in the area of epigenetics and chromatin. (uab.edu)
  • Together with our colleges in IISAGE, we investigate this question using Drosophila as a model. (uab.edu)
  • Our primary model system is Drosophila melanogaster , which harbors powerful genetics, biochemistry, imaging, and genomics approaches as well as a number of well-characterized cell lines derived from a variety of tissues and stages of development. (nih.gov)
  • As part of large nation-wide population genomics programs, we map the natural variation in healthy genomes. (ccmb.res.in)
  • Research in the Pile laboratory is directed toward understanding how genome packaging affects gene expression. (wayne.edu)
  • Summary: Characterize the role chromatin barriers with regard to gene expression of the irradiation-responsive enhancer region which is under silencing control via H3K27me3. (openwetware.org)
  • Tissue specificity of cyclin B expression in D. melanogaster]. (nih.gov)
  • We show that homing in Drosophila responds to increased expression of HEGs specifically during the spermatogonia stage and this could be achieved through improved construct design. (plos.org)
  • Our previous studies showed that HEG drive was more difficult to achieve in Drosophila melanogaster than Anopheles gambiae and we therefore investigated ways of improving homing performance in Drosophila . (plos.org)
  • He was instrumental in the creation of the consortium, having initiated, along with Bikram Gill, discussions with interested colleagues on sequencing the wheat genome, at the ITMI meeting in Winnipeg in 2002, and organized, in 2003 in Washington, the first workshop designed to push forward the sequencing of the bread wheat genome. (wheatgenome.org)
  • Taking advantage of the genetics resources available in Drosophila, our experiments are designed to determine the relative importance of genetics and epigenetics in generating the variability in exercise response. (uab.edu)