AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPsychiatry and PsychologyPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and OccupationsTechnology, Industry, Agriculture
CholinesterasesCholinesterase InhibitorsButyrylcholinesteraseAcetylcholinesteraseCholinesterase ReactivatorsThiocholineTrichlorfonPseudocholinesterasePhenylcarbamatesChlorpyrifosNeostigmineIndansDibucaineTacrinePhysostigmineGalantamineDiazinonTetraisopropylpyrophosphamideInsecticidesParathionOrganothiophosphorus CompoundsDichlorvosOrganophosphate PoisoningPralidoxime CompoundsSuccinylcholinePyridostigmine BromideFenitrothionOrganophosphorus CompoundsCarbarylMethomylParaoxonCarbamatesButyrylthiocholineEdrophoniumAcetylthiocholineIsoflurophateBenzoylcholineNootropic AgentsSarinPhosphoramidesSomanMemantinePesticidesPropoxurEchothiophate IodidePiperidinesChemical Warfare AgentsAcetylcholineDisulfotonBuxaceaeOrganothiophosphatesAgrochemicalsHistocytochemistryTrimedoximeNeuromuscular JunctionAlzheimer DiseaseSolanineNeuromuscular Nondepolarizing AgentsAntidotesMethyl ParathionAldicarbChlorfenvinphosCholineOrganophosphatesAtropineAgricultureBenzethoniumOximesMalathionAmbenonium ChlorideAgricultural Workers' DiseasesMuscarinic AntagonistsNeurotoxicity SyndromesSalivationCocosDose-Response Relationship, DrugParasympathomimetics
InhibitorsInhibitionTypes of cholinesteraseSerum cholinesterase activityAChEPseudocholinesteraseAlterations in the cholinesteraseDementiaEnzyme activityAcetylcholineHuman cholinesteraseAnti-cholinesteraseTrue cholinesteraseAcetyl-CholinesterasePseudo-cholinesteraseInsecticidesExposure to organophosphatesActivityPesticidesReactivatorsPralidoximeAcuteBaselinePlasmaClinicalCharacteristicChronicBloodSignificantCognitiveLevelsDetectLaboratoryPatients
Inhibitors14
  • This Initial Check will help you assess your current knowledge and skill level about cholinesterase inhibitors. (cdc.gov)
  • The mainstay of therapy for patients with Alzheimer disease (AD) is the use of centrally acting cholinesterase inhibitors to attempt to compensate for the depletion of acetylcholine (ACh) in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus. (medscape.com)
  • Cholinesterase inhibitors (ChEIs) are used to palliate cholinergic deficiency. (medscape.com)
  • The advent of cholinesterase inhibitors (CI) as regular prescription drugs for the treatment of Alzheimer disease (AD) in mild to moderate stages has created opportunities for a proactive role among primary care practitioners with interest in a geriatric practice. (healthplexus.net)
  • John Baker summarises a review of commonly prescribed medication that covers seven psychiatric drugs, including antidepressants, antipsychotics, benzodiazepines, amphetamines, methylphenidate and cholinesterase inhibitors. (nationalelfservice.net)
  • Researchers from the Karolinska University Hospital and Karolinska Institutet, in Huddinge, Sweden, analyzed longitudinal data from the Swedish Dementia Registry to investigate whether cholinesterase inhibitors are associated with less cognitive decline in AD and a reduced risk of severe dementia or death. (neurodiem.ie)
  • Cholinesterase inhibitors, which are commonly used to treat dementia, may increase the risk of adverse weight loss in people 65 and older, reports a new study by researchers at the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF). (psychnews.org)
  • Because severe weight loss can ultimately result in death, the findings suggest that clinicians should consider this risk when prescribing cholinesterase inhibitors such as donepezil (Aricept), galantamine (Razadyne), and rivastigmine (Exelon). (psychnews.org)
  • While previous studies have suggested an association between cholinesterase inhibitors like donepezil or galantamine and weight loss, the new analysis provides the first evidence of clinically significant weight loss in a large, real-world population. (psychnews.org)
  • they identified 1,188 patients on cholinesterase inhibitors and 2,189 matched controls on other medications. (psychnews.org)
  • The study authors noted that further research is needed to validate these findings and identify patient subgroups that may be at the greatest risk of weight loss from cholinesterase inhibitors. (psychnews.org)
  • To learn more about the risks and benefits of cholinesterase inhibitors, see the APA's Guideline Watch on Alzheimer's Disease and Other Dementias . (psychnews.org)
  • Moreover, the enzyme activity bands formed using 1-NA proves the specificity of the substrate for hemolysate cholinesterase as in the presence of specific acetylcholinesterase inhibitors the band formation disappears. (who.int)
  • Cholinesterase inhibitors can sometimes temporarily improve cognitive function. (msdmanuals.com)
Inhibition9
  • Erowid.org: Erowid Reference 1528 : Cholinesterase inhibition by lysergic acid diethylamide. (erowid.org)
  • Cholinesterase inhibition by lysergic acid diethylamide. (erowid.org)
  • LSD (10-6M) causes 50 0nhibition of human plasma cholinesterase, the inhibition of the plasma cholinesterase being competitive and readily reversible. (erowid.org)
  • The pseudo-cholinesterase of human brain appears to be more sensitive to inhibition by LSD than the corresponding enzyme in the brains of the other animal species studied (rat, guinea pig, chicken, rabbit, and monkey). (erowid.org)
  • This is accomplished by increasing the concentration of acetylcholine through reversible inhibition of its hydrolysis by cholinesterase. (medscape.com)
  • The brain cholinesterase inhibition levels under-protected ecosystems (DVNP, Bhimber) and agricultural landscape suggest insecticidal contamination and its impact on avifauna diversity. (scielo.br)
  • Organophosphate and carbamate insecticides produce their toxic effects by binding with cholinesterase enzymes, resulting in the inhibition of acetylcholine catabolism. (vin.com)
  • The principal toxicological effect of malathion is cholinesterase inhibition, due primarily to malaoxon and to phosphorus thionate impurities. (pharmacycode.com)
  • Secondly, the hemolysate cholinesterase activity, as well as its inhibition by organophosphorus pesticides is understandable within 10 min using Fast Blue RR dye for the detection of 1-NA. (who.int)
Types of cholinesterase3
Serum cholinesterase activity5
  • Lowest serum cholinesterase activity (nadir) stratified by outcome. (ajtmh.org)
  • Receiver-operating characteristic curve for ability of association of serum cholinesterase activity with mortality. (ajtmh.org)
  • Lowest serum cholinesterase activity (nadir) stratified by the development of the nosocomial infection. (ajtmh.org)
  • Other clinical conditions that may impact serum Cholinesterase activity are acute and chronic liver disease, inflammation, malnutrition, and Alzheimer's disease. (elitechgroup.com)
  • Low serum cholinesterase activity may relate to exposure to insecticides or to one of a number of variant genotypes. (evexiadiagnostics.com)
AChE5
Pseudocholinesterase4
Alterations in the cholinesterase2
  • The aim of the present work was to discover whether and in what way the IF pretreatment affects i) the cholinesterase activity in blood, and ii) the dynamics of the alterations in the cholinesterase (ChE) activity following the CVP exposure. (aaem.pl)
  • It has not been observed significant alterations in the cholinesterase activity of both brain and striated muscle. (usp.br)
Dementia1
  • The study population comprised 11,652 AD patients who were started on a cholinesterase inhibitor within 3 months of being diagnosed with dementia, and 5,826 matched non-treated patients. (neurodiem.ie)
Enzyme activity2
  • Regulations relating to Pesticide Worker safety specify that certain loaders, mixers and applicators of pesticides must be monitored for exposure, as measured by depression of their cholinesterase enzyme activity ( California Code of Regulations, Title 3, Division 6, Chapter 3, Subchapter 3, Article 2, Section 6728 ). (ca.gov)
  • Our results prove that 1-NA is an alternative substrate of hemolysate cholinesterase which specifically detects the enzyme activity on gel rapidly. (who.int)
Acetylcholine3
  • Cholinesterase (ChE) is a family of enzymes present in the central nervous system, particularly in nervous tissue, muscle and red cells, which catalyze the hydrolysis of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine into choline and acetic acid, a reaction necessary to allow a cholinergic neuron to return to its resting state after activation. (medchemexpress.com)
  • Physostigmine is a parasympathomimetic, specifically, a reversible cholinesterase inhibitor which effectively increases the concentration of acetylcholine at the sites of cholinergic transmission. (pharmacycode.com)
  • A reduction in the activity of the cholinesterase leads to an excess of acetylcholine in the nerve ending, leading to overstimulation of nerves within the body. (apollo247.com)
Human cholinesterase3
  • A half-life value determined by measuring the rate of disappearance after intravenous injection of human cholinesterase has provided an average value of 11 days. (evexiadiagnostics.com)
  • Human cholinesterase has recently been sequenced and cloned. (nebraska.edu)
  • Protein folding is likely to be very similar in human cholinesterase and Torpedo acetylcholinesterase. (nebraska.edu)
Anti-cholinesterase3
  • The aim of the present study was to determine the anti-cholinesterase activity of the methanol extract of clove, its oil and eugenol. (phcog.com)
  • In vitro anti-cholinesterase activity of S. aromaticum was performed by a thin layer chromatography bio autography, 96 well micro titer plate and kinetic methods. (phcog.com)
  • These results might be useful in explaining the effect of clove as anti-cholinesterase agent for the management of cognitive ailments like Alzheimer's disease. (phcog.com)
True cholinesterase2
  • The true cholinesterase in human erythrocytes is not significantly affected by ten times the concentration required to produce 90 0nhibition of plasma cholinesterase. (erowid.org)
  • 60% by 5x10-M). True cholinesterase in the brain is unaffected by these concentrations. (erowid.org)
Acetyl-Cholinesterase1
  • Hand, D & Haynes, LW 1992, ' Covalent Cross-Linking of Asymmetric Acetyl-Cholinesterase in the Extracellular Matrix of Avian Myotubes ', Neurochemistry International , vol. (bris.ac.uk)
Pseudo-cholinesterase2
  • Pseudo-cholinesterase activity in a number of different areas of the human brain is also inhibited (approx. (erowid.org)
  • There were no significant changes in either true or pseudo-cholinesterase. (erowid.org)
Insecticides1
  • The value of assessing risk status in persons exposed to organophosphate insecticides on the basis of plasma or serum cholinesterase levels alone has been called into question. (evexiadiagnostics.com)
Exposure to organophosphates2
Activity20
  • This should be collected in an EDTA tube to allow measurement of red cell acetylcholinesterase activity and/or plasma cholinesterase activity. (labtestsonline.org.uk)
  • Freezing at -25?C had confounding effects on cholinesterase (ChE) activity in blood plasma from breeding female quail, but did not affect ChE activity in plasma from males. (usgs.gov)
  • Cholinesterase activity in the blood was determined in two subjects from each group. (erowid.org)
  • 2 In most animal species, whole blood is the preferred sample for evaluation of cholinesterase activity. (vin.com)
  • Whole blood cholinesterase activity was measured in all 12 samples. (vin.com)
  • To evaluate if this may have significantly affected the result, plasma cholinesterase activity was also measured in four additional samples. (vin.com)
  • Organophosphates bind and inhibit cholinesterase activity affecting the peripheral and central nervous system. (elitechgroup.com)
  • A number of methods utilizing a range of detection technologies have been developed for estimating serum/plasma Cholinesterase activity, however, many of these are not so well suited to routine use or require specialized equipment, which may not be readily available. (elitechgroup.com)
  • Effects of stress pretreatment on the dynamics of blood cholinesterase activity after exposure to an organophosphorus pesticide in the rat. (aaem.pl)
  • Very small amounts (0.04−0.06 mg/kg) of succinylcholine are needed to obtain 90% of neuromuscular blockade in patients with low levels of plasma cholinesterase activity. (evexiadiagnostics.com)
  • Patients with abnormally low cholinesterase activity after transfusion of blood or plasma will experience temporary augmentation of enzyme level. (evexiadiagnostics.com)
  • 5 In estimating the duration of this enhanced activity, measures of plasma cholinesterase half-life have been utilized. (evexiadiagnostics.com)
  • Patients with a variety of carcinomas have been reported to accumulate an embryonic type of cholinesterase activity in their sera. (evexiadiagnostics.com)
  • Such novel cholinesterase activity was found only in the sera of patients undergoing antitumor therapy (eg, chemotherapy or radiation therapy and/or hormone therapy). (evexiadiagnostics.com)
  • Direct visualization of cholinesterase activity on polyacrylamide gels is routinely practiced using acetylthiocholine as a substrate. (who.int)
  • Here, we have explored alternative substrates, such as 1-NA and 2-NA which might have the potential to behave as specific substrates for the detection of hemolysate cholinesterase activity on the gels. (who.int)
  • The organophosphorus inhibited activity is regained in the presence of cholinesterase reactivator. (who.int)
  • We recommend 1-NA for rapid detection of hemolysate cholinesterase activity on the gels. (who.int)
  • Decreased plasma or red blood cell (RBC) cholinesterase activity. (cdc.gov)
  • Cholinesterase activity correlates poorly with severity of local effects after vapor exposures. (cdc.gov)
Pesticides1
  • Detection of carbamic and organophosphorus pesticides in water samples using cholinesterase biosensor based on Prussian Blue modified screen printed electrode. (springer.com)
Reactivators1
  • The goal of study was the determination of the ionization constants for the oximes - cholinesterases reactivators in aqueous solutions at different temperatures. (bmc-rm.org)
Pralidoxime1
  • Although a plasma cholinesterase level was not detectable on admission, the patient's red blood cell cholinesterase level was normal when measured after completion of pralidoxime therapy. (cdc.gov)
Acute5
  • What laboratory tests are most helpful in guiding the emergency treatment of acute cholinesterase inhibitor toxicity? (cdc.gov)
  • What are the major treatment strategies recommended in acute cholinesterase inhibitor poisoning? (cdc.gov)
  • What are the three major delayed adverse effects that can follow recovery from the acute cholinesterase toxicity? (cdc.gov)
  • What is the usual cause of death from acute cholinesterase inhibitor poisoning? (cdc.gov)
  • Hemolysate cholinesterase is currently recognized as the most preferred biomarker to detect acute organophosphorus poisoning. (who.int)
Baseline2
  • Baseline cholinesterase measurement may be required in individuals at risk of organophosphate exposure. (labtestsonline.org.uk)
  • Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were constructed to find an optimal cholinesterase level predicting ascites, Child Turcotte Pugh (CTP) score ≥ 10, model for end stage liver disease (MELD) score ≥ 15, baseline-event-anticipation (BEA) score for hepatitis D ≥ 5 and the aspartate transaminase to Platelet Ratio Index (APRI) ≥ 1.5. (wjgnet.com)
Plasma5
  • The results for the plasma cholinesterases were not very different, with an average of 0.08 mcmol/ml/min (SD=0.012). (vin.com)
  • Plasmapheresis has been noted to decrease the level of plasma cholinesterase. (evexiadiagnostics.com)
  • 1. Hickey DR, O'Connor JP, Donati F. Comparison of atracurium and succinylcholine for electroconvulsive therapy in a patient with atypical plasma cholinesterase. (evexiadiagnostics.com)
  • Plasma or RBC cholinesterase may be disproportionately inhibited depending on the particular nerve agent, amount of exposure and time interval since exposure. (cdc.gov)
  • Two of the workers were hospitalized because of low plasma cholinesterase (ChE) values and respiration problems. (cdc.gov)
Clinical5
  • What is the pathophysiology underlying the clinical findings in cholinesterase inhibitor poisoning? (cdc.gov)
  • The clinical findings of eye pain, blurred or dim vision, respiratory distress, diaphoresis and seizures are all consistent with cholinesterase inhibitor poisoning. (cdc.gov)
  • The ELITechGroup Clinical Chemistry Cholinesterase reagent is available as a common kit for Selectra systems. (elitechgroup.com)
  • ELITechGroup Clinical Chemistry Cholinesterase reagents have an ideal shelf life and combined with optimized packaging , it offers an economical option for low-volume testing. (elitechgroup.com)
  • Its magnitude was comparable to the cognitive response observed in published clinical trials when cholinesterase therapy commenced, and also with the data obtained during a 6-week placebo washout phase. (nootropic.com)
Characteristic1
  • What are the major classifications of signs and symptoms characteristic of cholinesterase inhibitor poisoning? (cdc.gov)
Chronic3
  • To determine the predictive performance of cholinesterase compared to existing prognostic models in evaluating liver function in patients with chronic hepatitis D. (wjgnet.com)
  • Serum cholinesterase levels were correlated with existing scoring models for chronic liver disease and Liver function tests. (wjgnet.com)
  • Red cell cholinesterase is more useful for chronic insecticide exposure. (evexiadiagnostics.com)
Blood9
  • The overall average of the whole blood cholinesterases was 0.08 mcmol/ml/min (SD=0.024). (vin.com)
  • A cross-sectional study was conducted to investigate knowledge, attitudes, and Practices (KAP) related to blood cholinesterase levels related to pesticide use among tobacco farmers. (who.int)
  • The prevalence of risky levels of blood cholinesterase among tobacco farmers in the study area was high. (who.int)
  • The study found a strongly significant association between level of knowledge and blood cholinesterase level (P (who.int)
  • Hence, finding out the levels through a blood cholinesterase test can estimate the level of poisoning in the body. (apollo247.com)
  • A blood cholinesterase test is essential because inactivity of the enzyme causes impairment of neuromuscular junction. (apollo247.com)
  • The starting signs of going for a blood cholinesterase test could be the twitching of muscles. (apollo247.com)
  • The blood cholinesterase test results are accurate after doing the test in triplicates. (apollo247.com)
  • What is the normal range in the blood cholinesterase test? (apollo247.com)
Significant1
  • The cholinesterases have no significant sequence homology with the serine proteases and seem to belong to a separate serine esterase family. (nebraska.edu)
Cognitive1
  • Cholinesterase inhibitor use is associated with cognitive benefits that are modest but persist over time, according to new findings from a large registry study. (neurodiem.ie)
Levels2
  • What other factors may show low enzyme levels in the cholinesterase test? (apollo247.com)
  • Convalescent cholinesterase levels could not be obtained. (cdc.gov)
Detect1
  • Therefore, the need arises to explore rapid detection methods, which can specifically detect hemolysate cholinesterase on polyacrylamide gels. (who.int)
Laboratory2
  • Cholinesterase testing on workers may only be done by a laboratory that has been approved by the California Department of Public Health (CDPH). (ca.gov)
  • The CDPH's Environmental Health Laboratory is responsible for maintaining the list of laboratories approved to perform Cholinesterase Testing for Occupational Health Surveillance. (ca.gov)
Patients1
  • Serum cholinesterase may be decreased in patients on estrogens and oral contraceptives. (evexiadiagnostics.com)