DiseasesChemicals and DrugsInformation Science
PlasmalogensGlyceryl EthersCholine KinaseChondrodysplasia Punctata, RhizomelicVinyl CompoundsBromineAcetalsCholine O-AcetyltransferaseCholine DeficiencyAldehydesEncyclopedias as TopicGlycerophospholipidsEthanolamineFatty AlcoholsPhosphatidylethanolaminesPhospholipids
Acetyl-cholineEthanolamine or cholinePhosphatidylcholineFattyBiosynthesisLipidsGlycerolProdromeSupplementationSerineMitochondriaPositively chargedPhospholipidsMembraneKrillColored compoundsSignificantlyGenesCognitiveExamplesTissueFoundInterventionLevelsGroupFluidCellsStudyHumanMeansBodyYearsEvidence
Acetyl-choline4
  • 3. It is necessary for acetyl-choline formation. (healthypets.com)
  • To actually think, we need to release acetyl choline from little vesicles in the presynaptic neurone. (apoe4.info)
  • Some 70% of your neurotransmitter need is acetyl-choline, made from choline. (newsinnutrition.com)
  • They steal choline from their own membranes, wherein reside plasmalogens, made from ethanolamine or choline, both of which can be robbed to make acetyl-choline. (newsinnutrition.com)
Ethanolamine or choline1
Phosphatidylcholine4
  • Subsequently, phosphatidylcholine, lysophosphatidyl¬choline, sphingo-myelin, ceramide, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylethanolamine-based plasmalogen, cholesterol and cholesteryl ester content of the separated lipoproteins was quantified by electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS). Results: Analysis of FPLC fractions with polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis demonstrated that albumin partially co-elutes with HDL fractions. (uni-regensburg.de)
  • About 60% of serum ceramide were found in LDL fractions and 60% of phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine and plasmalogens in HDL fractions. (uni-regensburg.de)
  • 14 C]Choline was incorporated into phosphatidylcholine and [ 14 C]ethanolamine into phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylcholine. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • He enjoys an international reputation for his research on phospholipases A, cardiolipin biosynthesis in eukaryotes, lysophospholipases, phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis for lung surfactant, plasmalogen biosynthesis in peroxisomes, diagnosis of peroxisomal disorders and most recently his work on alkyl-dihydroxyacetone phosphate synthase. (ornine.best)
Fatty5
  • Plasmalogen precursors include omega-3 and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids. (apoe4.info)
  • At the sn-2 position, plasmalogens are enriched in polyunsaturated fatty acids, specifically docosahexaenoic, C22:6 ω−3 (DHA), or arachidonic acid, C20:4 ω−6 (AA). (apoe4.info)
  • Profiling of the molecular species showed that the predominant fatty acids of PlsEtn [Ethanolamine plasmalogen] species were 20:5 (EPA) and 22:6 (DHA) at the sn-2 position of the glycerol moiety in marine foodstuffs, whereas major PlsEtn species in land foodstuffs were 20:4. (rapamycin.news)
  • 5) The results provide evidence that the preferential secretion of unsaturated lysophosphatidylcholine by the liver may provide a system for transporting unsaturated fatty acids and choline to other organs in non-ruminant animals. (ornine.best)
  • Find out how nutrients such as essential fatty acids, B vitamins, choline, phosphatidylserine, amino acids, and zinc can help manage ADHD symptoms without the dangerous side effects of stimulant drugs. (lifeextension.com)
Biosynthesis3
  • Biosynthesis of plasmalogens begins with association of peroxisomal matrix enzymes GNPAT (glycerone phosphate acyl transferase) and AGPS (alkyl-glycerone phosphate synthase) on the luminal side of the peroxisomal membrane. (wikipedia.org)
  • Peroxisome biogenesis disorders are autosomal recessive disorders often characterized by impaired plasmalogen biosynthesis. (wikipedia.org)
  • In these cases, the peroxisomal enzyme GNPAT, necessary for the initial steps of plasmalogen biosynthesis, is mislocalized to the cytoplasm where it is inactive. (wikipedia.org)
Lipids1
Glycerol4
  • Plasmalogens are plasmenyls with an ester (acyl group) linked lipid at the sn-2 position of the glycerol backbone, chemically designated 1-0(1Z-alkenyl)-2-acyl-glycerophospholipids. (wikipedia.org)
  • Plasmenylcholine is formed from 1-O-alkyl-2-acyl-sn-glycerol by choline phosphotransferase. (wikipedia.org)
  • As there is no plasmenylcholine desaturase choline plasmalogens can be formed only after hydrolysis of ethanolamine plasmalogens to 1-O-(1Z-alkenyl)-2-acyl-sn-glycerol that can be modified by choline phosphotransferase and CDP choline. (wikipedia.org)
  • Plasmalogens are the members of phosphoglycerides that consist of one hydrocarbon chain attached to glycerol by an ester bond. (microbenotes.com)
Prodrome1
  • Hi Stavia, I did a quick check of Clinicaltrials.gov using several search terms and found no study under the terms "plasmalogens", "Prodrome" or anything like it at U. Penn. (apoe4.info)
Supplementation5
  • For animals displaying one or more of these conditions, choline supplementation with CHOLODIN® may be a very effective aid in treatment. (healthypets.com)
  • We present a long-term follow-up study evaluating the neurodevelopmental effects of choline supplementation in children with FASD 4 years after an initial efficacy trial. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Prenatal and postnatal choline supplementation also affects choline acetyltransferase levels in the hippocampus and frontal cortex in rats which are associated with improved memory functioning, especially visual-spatial memory [ 21 , 22 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In addition, a sheep model of prenatal choline supplementation following PAE has demonstrated significant benefits for brain and eye development [ 28 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • One study employing prenatal choline supplementation in pregnant Ukrainian women demonstrated improvements in an infant attentional/memory task (cardiac response to familiar/unfamiliar visual stimuli) [ 31 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Serine2
  • The phosphate serves as a link to another alcohol-usually ethanolamine, choline, serine, or a carbohydrate. (alchetron.com)
  • There is a negative charge on the phosphate and, in the case of choline or serine, a positive quaternary ammonium ion. (alchetron.com)
Mitochondria2
  • 4. It is a component of phospolipid and lecithin, and a constituent of plasmalogens, which are abundant in mitochondria and in sphingomyelin, found particularly in the brain. (healthypets.com)
  • The third problem is getting new plasmalogens, new neurotransmitters, new mitochondria out to the tippy tip, tip of the neuron. (newsinnutrition.com)
Positively charged2
  • Choline is the alcohol, with a positively charged quaternary ammonium, bound to the phosphate, with a negative charge. (alchetron.com)
  • Its head group has choline, a positively charged alcohol linked to the negatively charged phosphate group by ether bond(C-O-C). (microbenotes.com)
Phospholipids1
Membrane1
  • The more plasmalogens in the membrane, the more fluid it is and the better the acetylcholine is released. (apoe4.info)
Krill3
  • Krill oil has a trifecta effect when it comes to nutrients EPA/DHA, choline and astaxanthin are all important for optimal health. (naturalproductsinsider.com)
  • Krill oil also offers choline and astaxanthin, two essential nutrients often overlooked and underrated, but with a multitude of health benefits. (naturalproductsinsider.com)
  • Plasmalogens are available in shark liver oil and krill oil. (apoe4.info)
Colored compounds1
  • Plasmalogens were named based on the fact that these colored compounds were present in the "plasmal" or inside of the cell. (wikipedia.org)
Significantly2
  • The higher plasmalogen levels attenuate significantly the effect of our e4 allele. (apoe4.info)
  • We found that plasmalogens significantly increase the number of molecules that aid the growth and development of neurones and synapses in the brain. (rapamycin.news)
Genes2
  • In addition, genetic mutations in the GNPAT or AGPS genes can result in plasmalogen deficiencies, which lead to the development of rhizomelic chondrodysplasia punctata (RCDP) type 2 or 3, respectively. (wikipedia.org)
  • Genetic diversity of Legionella pcs and pmt genes and the effect of utilization of choline by Legionella spp. (fbn-dummerstorf.de)
Cognitive1
  • Professor Lei Fu, the corresponding author of the study, says: "Our research suggests that plasmalogens may not just stop cognitive decline, but may reverse cognitive impairments in the ageing brain. (rapamycin.news)
Examples1
Tissue2
Found3
  • Plasmalogens are commonly found in cell membranes in the nervous, immune, and cardiovascular systems. (wikipedia.org)
  • Plasmalogens are found in numerous human tissues, with particular enrichment in the nervous, immune, and cardiovascular systems. (wikipedia.org)
  • Plasmalogens are found all over our bodies naturally, particularly in the heart, brain and immune cells, but as we get older, the amount in our body decreases. (rapamycin.news)
Intervention2
  • It suggests that he views BACE-1 inhibition as a downstream intervention which would be unnecessary if we could affect plasmalogens. (apoe4.info)
  • These data support choline as a potential neurodevelopmental intervention for FASD and highlight the need for long-term follow-up to capture treatment effects on neurodevelopmental trajectories. (biomedcentral.com)
Levels3
  • He has post mortem and human studies which show impressive correlation between plasmalogen levels and dementia, even in e4s. (apoe4.info)
  • there are as yet no lifestyle interventions we can confidently say raise plasmalogen levels, but it will be available as a medical food in the future. (apoe4.info)
  • To investigate whether boosting the levels of plasmalogens can stave off the effects of ageing, the researchers studied the effects of adding plasmalogens to the diet of aged mice. (rapamycin.news)
Group5
  • Plasmalogens are classified according to their head group, mainly as PC plasmalogens (plasmenylcholines) and PE plasmalogens (plasmenylethalomines) Plasmalogens should not be confused with plasmanyls. (wikipedia.org)
  • After dehydrogenation at the 1- and 2-positions of the alkyl group by an electron transport system and plasmanylethanolamine desaturase the vinyl ether bond of plasmalogens is finally formed. (wikipedia.org)
  • Choline has a pK near 13.9 and produces a polar head group with a strong zwitterionic character over the entire pH range. (gerli.com)
  • Children who received choline had higher non-verbal intelligence, higher visual-spatial skill, higher working memory ability, better verbal memory, and fewer behavioral symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder than the placebo group. (biomedcentral.com)
  • PC was identified in positive ion mode for all extracts due to their fixed positive charged at the choline group [2, 3] PS was able to be detected in positive and negative ion mode. (benthamopen.com)
Fluid1
  • A sufficient plasmalogen level means you have enough choline for your neurons to shape-shift, to protect themselves from peroxide, to keep your membranes fluid and rapidly functioning. (newsinnutrition.com)
Cells2
  • Although the functions of plasmalogens have not yet been fully elucidated, it has been demonstrated that they can protect mammalian cells against the damaging effects of reactive oxygen species. (wikipedia.org)
  • Plasmalogens were not detected in these cells. (unicamp.br)
Study1
  • The initial study was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of choline vs. placebo in 2-5-year-olds with FASD. (biomedcentral.com)
Human2
Means1
Body1
Years1
Evidence1